【2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷】第二模擬（江蘇卷）- 2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷（解析版）

2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷第二模擬（江蘇專用）注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．（2023·浙江·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Ataticketoffice. B．Inarestaurant. C．Onatrain.【答案】C【原文】W:Excuseme,sir.MayIseeyourticket,please?M:Justamoment...Oh,no.Ican’tfindmywallet.Imusthaveleftitinthediningcar.W:You’dbettergotothatcarriageandasktheconductorforhelp.2．（2023·浙江·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Whattoeat. B．Howtocook. C．Whotoinvitefordinner.【答案】A【原文】W:Let’sgetsomethingtoeat.I’mstarved.M:Idon’tfeellikecooking.Let’sordertakeout.Pastaornoodles?W:Thefirstone.IhavetosayIhadnoodleswithMarkyesterday.3．（2023秋·湖北武漢·高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí)）HowdoesBarbarasound?A．Content. B．Worried. C．Confused.【答案】B【原文】M:HeyBarbara,whyareyouunhappy?Iheardthatyouhavebeenpromoted.Congratulations!W:Oh,Ihatehavingtoleavehereandworkingabroad.Youknow,myparentshaveonlyonechild.ItishardtoimaginehowlonelytheywouldbeifIworkabroad.4．（2023春·河南·高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí)）Whatdoesthewomanintendtodo?A．Gotothe11thStreet. B．TakeabustoJacksonville. C．Putupasignatthebusstop.【答案】B【原文】W:I’msorrytobotheryou,butIcan’treadthesignatthisbusstop.DoyouknowifthebustoJacksonvillestopshere?M:Oh,sorry,itdoesn’t.YouhavetotaketheNo.11busacrossthestreet.5．（2023·重慶·西南大學(xué)附中?？既＃〩owmuchwillthewomanpayfortheglasses?A．$90. B．$150. C．$240.【答案】B【原文】M:Goodmorning,madam.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:I’dliketheseglasses.Howmucharethey?M:They’re$20apiece.Ifyoubuyadozen,youcansave$90.W:OK.I’lltakeadozen.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你將時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。（2023·重慶·西南大學(xué)附中?？既＃┞牭?段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whathasthemanbeendoingrecently?A．MakingTVshows. B．Actinginafilm. C．Trainingdogs.7．Whatdoesthemanthinkismainlyneededinhisjob?A．Patience. B．Skills. C．Talents.【答案】6．C7．A【原文】M:Hi,Linda.W:Oh,hi,John.Haven’tseenyouforafewdays.Whatareyoudoingthesedays?M:Well,I’mdoingaveryinterestingjob.Ibegantotraindogs.Mydogsarereallyactors,youknow,thedogsyouseeinmoviesandTVshows.W:Cool!Howdoyoudoit?M:Thedogshavetolearnsignalsforcertainbasicskills,likesit,stop,andliedown.Afterthat,youteachthemthetrickythings.W:That’sreallyfantastic!Buthowdoyoumakethemlearnthings?M:Well,youmainlyneedpatience.Yourepeatandrepeatthecommands.Andtheygetarewardeverytimetheygetitright.W:MaybeIshouldconsidertrainingmyowndogtodothesetricksaswell.Itmustbealotoffun.（2023·江蘇南京·南京市第一中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測(cè)）聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Whatisthewomangoingtodo?A．Haveaclass. B．Attendameeting. C．Takeanexam.9．Whatisthewomaninterestedin?A．Biochemistry. B．History. C．Medicine.【答案】8．B9．C【原文】W:Excuseme.WouldyoubeabletotellmewheretheEmilyParkerHallis?I’mlookingforthebuildingwherethey’reholdingthecourseinformationconference.M:Sure!Youcanfollowme.Whatdoyouwanttostudy?W:Well,ifIgethighenoughgradesonmyschoolexams,I’mhopingtobeacceptedintothemedicalschool.ButifIdon’tmakeitintomedicine,I’llprobablydomedicalscience.Whataboutyou?M:Oh,I’minterestedinhistoryandbiochemistry.ButI’mnotsureyet.（2023·江蘇泰州·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．WhatmightMr.Wellsbe?A．Anathlete. B．Abusinessowner. C．Anadvertisingexpert.11．Whatdoweknowabouttheproduct?A．Itisfromfamilybusiness.B．Itsmainbuyersarerunners.C．Itisdesignedtobeusedbyateam.12．Accordingtothewoman,whatdoesMr.Wellsneedmost?A．Thebudgetoftheadvertising.B．Thenameofthechosenperson.C．Theartworkoftheadvertisement.【答案】10．B11．A12．C【原文】W:WhatMr.Wellsislookingforisafaceforhisbrand,someonewhohasalargesocialmediapresence.M:Whataboutaprofessionalathlete?Maybenotafootballstar,butsomeoneyoungandhealthy?W:Well,you’retheadvertisingexpert.Whatsportwouldyousuggest?M:Arunnermaybe,ortennis.Notateamsport.Thisproductisdesignedtobeusedalone.W:Yes,butitneedstobesomeonenice.Thisisafamilybusiness.Ourmainbuyersaremothers.M:Well,whatwecandoisdrawupalistofnamesinyourbudgettotakebacktoMr.Wells.W:Moneyisnoobject.WhatIwouldliketoseeissomeartwork.M:Theadvertisementmightdependonthepersonyouchoose.W:Well,createoneadvertisementforeachpersonyouhaveinmind.Mr.Wellswon’tcarewhoitis.He’llwanttoseesomethingreal.M:OK,I’llhaveourdesignerdrawsomethingup.（2023·浙江·模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．Whatdayisittoday?A．Friday.B．Saturday.C．Sunday.14．WhatdoesClairethinkhelpedhergettheletterfromHarvard?A．Formiggoodlearninghabits.B．Attendingextracourses.C．Stayinguplatetostudy.15．WhydidGlairechooseHarvardUniversity?A．Herauntwasstudyingthere.B．Shehaswonascholarshiptoit.C．ShewantstobeMadelyn’sschoolmate.16．WhatdoesClaireplantodobeforeSeptember?A．Visitheraunt. B．Travelabroad. C．Visitsomecolleges.【答案】13．C14．A15．C16．B【原文】M:Claire,IheardthatyouwereadmittedintoHarvardUniversity,right?W:Yes,IreceivedtheletteronFriday,thedaybeforeyesterday.M:Congratulations!Youmusthaveworkedhardduringyourhighschool.W:Well,IalwaysgotA’sonmytests.ItookthreeseparatecoursesforfourmonthsfortheSAT.M:Whatdoyouthinkisthemostimportantduringlearning?W:Inmyopinion,it’sthelearninghabitthathelpedmeearntheletterfromHarvard.Believeitornot,Ineverburnedthemidnightoil.M:Whydidn’tyouchoosePrinceton?IrememberyourauntgraduatedfromPrincetonyearsago.W:MybestfriendMadelynjoinedHarvardlastyear,Ireallywantedtogotherebecauseofher,althoughPrincetonofferedmeascholarship.M:Oh,Igotit.WhenwillyougotoHarvard?W:InSeptember.Beforethat,I’llflytoChinaandotherAsiancountries.I’vebeenlongingtotastefoodandmeetpeoplethere.I’vedecidedtoworkpart-timetocovermyexpensesatcollege.（2023·湖北·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．WhatwasWanda’schildhooddream?A．Tobeadoctor. B．Tobeaphysicist. C．Tobeanastronomer.18．WhathappenedtoWandaatuniversity?A．Shechangedhermajor. B．Shelosthersightentirely. C．Shefailedtogetadegree.19．WhichbestdescribesWanda?A．Warm-hearted. B．Demanding. C．Determined.20．WheredoesWandaworknow?A．Japan. B．Italy. C．USA．【答案】17．A18．B19．C20．B【原文】Wanda,whowasborninGurabo,PuertoRico,isagreatastronomer.Shespentherchildhoodandteenageyearsfascinatedbyscienceandwantingtobecomeadoctor,because’thatwasthewayshethoughtsheusedscience’.Untilonedayatuniversity,whenafriendknockedhercompletelyoffcourse.Thisfriendplayedherarecordingofasunburst.ThisinspiredWandatostudyastronomy.Wandastartedtolosehersightwhenshewasateenager.ShelosthersightcompletelywhilestudyingforadegreeinphysicsattheUniversityofPuertoRico.Ashervisiongotworse,shewasforcedtomakeadecision:quit,orkeepgoing.Shechosetosticktoherstudy.Sherepeatedclassesuntilshegotherdegree.Ittookhersixyears.Unabletostudydatathewayshehadinthepast,sherealizedvisualscientificdatacouldbetranslatedintosound.Shecreatedaspecialsoftwaretochangevisualdataintosound,sothattheycanbeheardinsteadofbeingread.Becauseofthisdiscovery,shecandoresearchatthesameadvancedlevelasbeforelosinghereyesight.WandacurrentlyworksinItaly.ShehaspreviouslyworkedasaresearcherinJapan,SouthAfricaandtheUSA.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2023·湖北武漢·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）GETABIRD’S-EYEVIEWOFTHEWORLD’SMOSTATTRACTIVEFEATHEREDANIMALSWITHTHESEBOOKSFlamingo(火烈鳥)BiologistandphotographerClaudioContrerasKoobspent20yearstravellingdeepintothewetlandsandforestsofhisnativeMexico—andbeyond—tofeedhisflamingoattraction.Thisbookoffersauniquewindowintothebehaviorandlifeofred-featheredbirds,withmorethan120show-stoppingshotsdisplayingtheirbeauty.teNeues,￡35.AroundtheWorldin80BirdsInspiringsecrets,nationalprideorscientificdiscoveries,everybirdhasastorytotell,fromtheweaverbirdbuildingmulti-nest“apartmentblocks”inNamibiatothebar-headedgoosetakingonatwice-yearlytrans-Himalayanjourneyatanextremealtitude.MikeUnwin’stourisaccompaniedbybeautifulillustrationsfromRyutoMiyake.LaurenceKingPublishing,￡22.AWorldontheWingPulitzer-shortlistedWeidensaul,who’sattheforefrontofresearchintobirdmigration,heretrackssomeofnature’smostremarkablejourneys.HesailsthroughthestormyBeringSea,encounterstrappersintheMediterraneanandvisitsformerheadhuntersinnortheastIndia,whereabirdmigrationcrisishasbecomeaconservationsuccessstory.PanMacmillan,￡9.99.GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirdsExplorethisupdatedversionofthe1968title,Galapagos:IslandsofBirds,bylatebirdexpertBryanNelson,withpreviouslyunpublishedmaterialfromhiswife,June.ThecouplespentayearlivingontwoGalapagosislands,studyingbirds,includingtheGalapagosalbatross(信天翁).Thisistheircleverandamusingaccount.BradtGuides,￡11.99.21．Bywhomisthesecondcostliestbookillustrated?A．ClaudioContrerasKoob. B．MikeUnwin.C．RyutoMiyake. D．Weidensaul.22．Whichbookbestsuitsthoseconcernedaboutthesurvivalofmigratorybirds?A．Flamingo. B．AroundtheWorldin80Birds.C．AWorldontheWing. D．Galapagos:IslandofBirds.23．WhatfeaturemayGalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirdshave?A．Itshumorousdescription. B．Itsromanticstyle.C．Itsvividimagination. D．Itsmovingplot.【答案】21．C22．C23．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本與鳥類有關(guān)的書籍。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知Flamingo售價(jià)35英鎊；AroundtheWorldin80Birds售價(jià)22英鎊；AWorldontheWing售價(jià)9.9英鎊；GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirds售價(jià)11.99英鎊。再根據(jù)AroundtheWorldin80Birds部分中“MikeUnwin’stourisaccompaniedbybeautifulillustrationsfromRyutoMiyake.(MikeUnwin的旅行伴隨著RyutoMiyake的美麗插圖)”故第二貴的插圖書是RyutoMiyake寫的。故選C。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Pulitzer-shortlistedWeidensaul,who’sattheforefrontofresearchintobirdmigration,heretrackssomeofnature’smostremarkablejourneys.HesailsthroughthestormyBeringSea,encounterstrappersintheMediterraneanandvisitsformerheadhuntersinnortheastIndia,whereabirdmigrationcrisishasbecomeaconservationsuccessstory.(入圍普利策獎(jiǎng)的Weidensaul站在鳥類遷徙研究的最前沿，他在這里追蹤了一些大自然最非凡的旅程。他航行穿過狂風(fēng)暴雨的白令海，在地中海遇到捕獵者，并拜訪印度東北部的前獵頭，那里的鳥類遷徙危機(jī)已成為保護(hù)鳥類的成功案例)”可知，AWorldontheWing最適合那些關(guān)心候鳥生存的人。故選C。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirds部分中“Thisistheircleverandamusingaccount.(這是他們機(jī)智而有趣的敘述)”可知，GalapagosCrusoes:AYearAlonewiththeBirds的特色是幽默的描述。故選A。B（2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Most13-year-oldsmighthavespentthosethreeyearspreoccupiedwithschoolworkorhangingoutwithmates.Oneteenager,however,spenthisnightssleepinginatenttoraisemoneyforthehospice(臨終安養(yǎng)院)thatlookedafterhisfriend.Now,MaxWoosey—whobecameknownastheBoyintheTentduringhisyears-longfundraisingcampaign—hasdecidedtogobackindoorsafterthreeyearsandmorethan￡700,000incharitabledonations.“Ilovecamping,it’soneofmyfavouritethingsandI’mdefinitelygoingtomissit,”hesaid.“Ithinkthehighlightwouldhavetobethesecondcampout,becausethatyearwasthehardest.”“Thefirstyearwasquitenicebutthesecondwascolderandtherewereworsestorms.Itwasreallymeaningfulformebecauseallmyfriendsandfamilywerethere.”Hesaidthatalthoughthewindandrainprovedtobetrickyadversaries(對(duì)手),itwaslastsummer’sheatwavethatalmostforcedhimtoreturntothecomfortsofhisbedroom.“Honestly,itwashorrible,andwhenthere’saheatwaveyourtentturnsintoagreenhouse.Itwasabsolutelyboiling,”hesaid.Ontheprospectofsleepinginsideonaregularbasisagain,hesaid:“Ithinkit’sgoingtobeweird(怪異的)thefirstfewnightsbutIthinkitistimetocomeinsidenow.Therearefutureadventureswearehopingcanbecomepossible.ItisgoingtobestrangebutI’mjustgoingtohavetogetoverit.”SpeakingtoITV’sGoodMorningBritain,hesaid:“MyfriendRickwasabsolutelyamazing.Helovedtheoutdoors,helovedsportsandwegotalongreallywell.TheNorthDevonhospicejusttookbrilliantcareofhimandIwantedtosaythankyouinthebiggestwayIcould.SoIstartedsleepingoutsideandItriedtoraiseasmuchmoneyasIcouldforthem.”DonationswillgotoNorthDevonhospice.StephenRoberts,itschiefexecutive,toldtheITV:“ThefundsheraisedforNorthDevonhospiceinthistimewillmakearealdifferencetothepatientsandfamilieswesupport.”24．WhathasMaxbeenengagedinforthreeyears?A．Doingcharitycamping. B．Hangingoutwithfriends.C．Finishinghishomework. D．Lookingafterhisfriend.25．WhatwasthebiggestchallengeforMaxwhilehecampedout?A．Terriblestorms. B．Extremeheat.C．Freezingweather. D．Desperateloneliness.26．WhatisMax’sattitudetofutureadventures?A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Expectant.27．WhydidMaxraisemoneyforNorthDevonhospice?A．Topaythemedicalbillofhisfriend.B．Toappreciateitslovingcareforhisfriend.C．Toimprovethewelfareofitsmedicalstaff.D．Toupdateitsmedicalequipmentandservice.【答案】24．A25．B26．D27．B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述13歲少年MaxWoosey通過在野外露營(yíng)來進(jìn)行慈善籌款的故事。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Now,MaxWoosey—whobecameknownastheBoyintheTentduringhisyears-longfundraisingcampaign—hasdecidedtogobackindoorsafterthreeyearsandmorethan￡700,000incharitabledonations.(現(xiàn)在，MaxWoosey——在長(zhǎng)達(dá)數(shù)年的籌款活動(dòng)中被稱為“帳篷里的男孩”——在三年的慈善捐款超過70萬英鎊后，決定回到室內(nèi))”可知，Max用了3年的時(shí)間做慈善露營(yíng)。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“itwaslastsummer’sheatwavethatalmostforcedhimtoreturntothecomfortsofhisbedroom.“Honestly,itwashorrible,andwhenthere’saheatwaveyourtentturnsintoagreenhouse.Itwasabsolutelyboiling,”hesaid.(去年夏天的熱浪幾乎迫使他回到舒適的臥室。“老實(shí)說，這太可怕了，當(dāng)有熱浪時(shí)，你的帳篷就變成了溫室。簡(jiǎn)直沸騰了，”他說)”可知，對(duì)于Max來說去年最大的挑戰(zhàn)是極端高溫。故選B。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Therearefutureadventureswearehopingcanbecomepossible.ItisgoingtobestrangebutI’mjustgoingtohavetogetoverit.(我們希望未來可以冒險(xiǎn)。這會(huì)很奇怪，但我必須克服它)”推知，Max對(duì)未來的冒險(xiǎn)是非常期待的。故選D。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“TheNorthDevonhospicejusttookbrilliantcareofhimandIwantedtosaythankyouinthebiggestwayIcould.SoIstartedsleepingoutsideandItriedtoraiseasmuchmoneyasIcouldforthem.(北德文郡的臨終關(guān)懷院對(duì)他進(jìn)行了出色的照顧，我想盡我所能對(duì)你說聲謝謝。所以我開始睡在外面，我試著為他們籌集盡可能多的錢)”可知，Max為北德文郡的臨終關(guān)懷院籌款是為了感激他們對(duì)他的朋友Rick的照顧。故選B。C（2023·廣東惠州·高三統(tǒng)考）TheRomanColosseumwasbuiltalmosttwothousandyearsago.Despiteitsageanda14thcenturyearthquakethatknockeddownthesouthside,mostofthe150-somefootbuildingisstillstanding.Scientistsandengineershavelongsuspectedakeytothebuilding’sdurability(使用年限)istheuseofaspecificRomanconcrete.Butexactlyhowthissolidconcretehascontributedtothearchitecture’sstrengthhasbeenamysterytoresearchersacrosstheglobe.AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredapotentialanswertowhytheseancientRomanbuildingshavebeenabletoweatherthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconcretestructuresseemtofallapartafterafewdecades.Theanswerisself-healingconcrete.Thematerialhasthreecomponents:limestone(石灰石),volcanicmaterialandwater.Whattheresearchersfoundwasthattheself-healingfeaturemightbesimplycausedbychemistryaccidentally.Thelimestoneintheconcreteislikelythesecret.WhentheancientRomansmademortar(灰漿),theyheatedupthelimetoturnitintoasubstancecalled“quicklime”.And,becausetheyintroducedwatertothequicklimeduringmixing,theheatitproducedsetupachemicalfoundationthatcouldstrengthentheconcretelater.Whentinycracksstarttoformlater,thequicklimestopsthemfrombecomingbigger.Whenitrains,thelimereactswiththewatertorecombineasvariousformsofcalciumcarbonate(碳酸鈣),quicklyfillingthecrackorreactingwiththevolcanicashto“heal”thematerial.FormaterialsscientistAinissaRamirez,thisnewunderstandingofancientRomanconcreteisawelcomediscovery.“Thisisonewaythatthematerialcanbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly,”saysRamirez.“It’ssortoflikeamessageinabottle.TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterprotectorsofourenvironment.”28．WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?A．ThesecretofRomanconcretehasbeenrevealed.B．TheRomanColosseumwasbuiltinthe14thcentury.C．ThewholeRomanColosseumsurvivedtheearthquake.D．Romanconcreteisessentialtothearchitecture’sstrength.29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“weather”inParagraph2mean?A．Take. B．Stand. C．Avoid. D．Fail.30．Whatdoweknowabouttheself-healingprocess?A．Thelimeitselfcouldfillthecracklater.B．Thequicklimeshouldbemadeonrainydays.C．Thechemicalfoundationcouldweakentheconcrete.D．Combiningwaterandquicklimewouldproduceheat.31．WhatcanbeinferredfromRamirez’swords?A．Peoplecanbeinspiredtomakegreenermaterials.B．ThesecretofRomanconcreteishiddeninabottle.C．Romanconcretehasgreatlyimprovedtheenvironment.D．Romanconcreteispopularinmakingmodernarchitecture.【答案】28．D29．B30．D31．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了科學(xué)家一直很好奇古羅馬的混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)為何可以很好地提高建筑強(qiáng)度，最近研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)可能的答案：這種混凝土具有自我修復(fù)的功能。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Butexactlyhowthissolidconcretehascontributedtothearchitecture’sstrengthhasbeenamysterytoresearchersacrosstheglobe.(但對(duì)于全球的研究人員來說，這種固體混凝土究竟是如何提高建筑強(qiáng)度的，一直是個(gè)謎)”可知，古羅馬混凝土對(duì)建筑的強(qiáng)度至關(guān)重要。故選D項(xiàng)。29．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段中“AteamofresearchersrecentlydiscoveredapotentialanswertowhytheseancientRomanbuildingshavebeenabletoweatherthetestoftimewhilemanymodernconcretestructuresseemtofallapartafterafewdecades.(一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)的研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)可能的答案，為什么這些古羅馬建筑能夠weather時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)，而許多現(xiàn)代混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)似乎在幾十年后就會(huì)分崩離析)”可知，古羅馬建筑和很快就會(huì)分崩離析的許多現(xiàn)代混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)不同。由此推知，古羅馬建筑可以很久不崩塌，經(jīng)得住時(shí)間的考驗(yàn)。因此，劃線詞weather意為“經(jīng)受住”，與stand意思一致。故選B項(xiàng)。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“And,becausetheyintroducedwatertothequicklimeduringmixing,theheatitproducedsetupachemicalfoundationthatcouldstrengthentheconcretelater.(而且，由于他們?cè)跀嚢柽^程中向生石灰中引入了水，它產(chǎn)生的熱量建立了一種化學(xué)基礎(chǔ)，可以在以后加強(qiáng)混凝土)”可知，混合水和生石灰會(huì)產(chǎn)生熱量。故選D項(xiàng)。31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Ramirez的話“TheRomansmadethematerial.Wehadtokindoffigureouthowtheydiditsothatwecanmakebettermaterials—andthen,youknow,inturn,bebetterprotectorsofourenvironment.(羅馬人制造了這種材料。我們必須弄清楚他們是如何做到的，這樣我們才能制造出更好的材料，然后，你知道，反過來，更好地保護(hù)我們的環(huán)境)”可推知，我們可以從羅馬人制作的這種混凝土材料中汲取靈感，去制作對(duì)環(huán)境友好的材料。故選A項(xiàng)。D（2023·福建省福州第一中學(xué)模擬）Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.Itoftenfollowsaviralinfectionwhichcanleadtoa“disruption”inabalancedgutecosystem.Actually,anincreasingnumberofAmericanshavebeenthesuffererssincetheoutbreakofCOVID-19.TworecentstudiespublishedinCellHost&MicrobepointtochangesinthemicrobiomeasapossiblecauseofCFS.ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(糞便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.ThetwogroupsfoundsimilarbacteriaspecieswerelesspresentinCFSpatientscomparedtocontrolpatients.Theyfocusedonbacteriathatproducebutyrate,afattyacidinvolvedinregulatingmetabolismandtheimmunesystem.“Butyrateplaysseveralrolesindirectingthebody’sresponsetoinfections,whilealsoprotectingthebarrierbetweentheintestine(腸)andthecirculatorysystem,regulatinggeneticchangesincells,andmore,”saysBrentWilliams,leadauthorontheColumbiastudy.WilliamsandhiscolleaguesextensivelyanalyzedtheroleofbutyrateinCFSpatients’guts,evenidentifyingacorrelationbetweenlowlevelsofbacteriathatproducethisacidandmoreseveresymptoms.ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.PreviousresearchhasidentifiedmicrobiomeissuesinCFSpatients,butthenewfindingshelpclarifywhichmicrobescouldberelatedtotheillness.Moreresearchonbutyrate-producingbacteriaandotherspeciesidentifiedinthestudiesisnecessarytoinvestigatethesepotentialbiomarkersofCFS,theauthorssay.Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.32．WhatdoweknowaboutCFS?A．ItiscausedbyCOVID-19only. B．Itisanillnesswithsystemicsymptoms.C．Itbreaksthebalanceofthegutecosystem. D．Thenumberoftheinfectedisonthedecrease.33．Howdidtheresearchercarryouttherecentstudies?A．Bycontrollingdata. B．Byidentifyinggenes.C．Byanalyzingsamples. D．Bycomparingsymptoms.34．WhichofthefollowingisNOTthesignificanceoftherecentresearches?A．Butyrate’smultiplefunctionsarepromoted.B．TargetedgutmicrobesmaybeusedtodiagnoseCFS.C．CertainmicrobesresponsibleforCFSarenarroweddown.D．ProbioticssupplementwithdrugscanbeatreatmentforCFS.35．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．GutmicrobiomemaybethekeytoCFS. B．Microbeshelpdigestfoodandaidabsorption.C．Man’sgutisarich,diversetropicalrainforest. D．NewmethodfordiagnosingCFSareprovided.【答案】32．B33．C34．A35．A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。越來越多的研究表明，腸道微生物群可能在越來越多的慢性疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用。文章介紹了研究開展的過程以及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義。32．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(這種疾病通常被稱為慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS），其特征是強(qiáng)烈的疲勞、胃腸道問題、肌肉疼痛和認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)，如頭痛和注意力不集中等癥狀)”可知，慢性疲勞綜合癥是一種有全身性癥狀的疾病。故選B。33．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ResearchgroupsatColumbiaUniversityandtheJacksonLaboratoryperformeddetailedanalysesofthemicrobesinstool(糞便)samplesfrompatientswithCFSandcomparedthemtohealthycontrols.(哥倫比亞大學(xué)和杰克遜實(shí)驗(yàn)室的研究小組對(duì)慢性疲勞綜合癥患者糞便樣本中的微生物進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)分析，并將其與健康對(duì)照進(jìn)行了比較)”可知，研究人員通過分析樣本進(jìn)行的研究。故選C。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“ParallelfindingsfromtheJacksonLaboratoryteamsuggestthebacteriathatproducebutyratecouldbeusedtodiagnoseCFS.(杰克遜實(shí)驗(yàn)室團(tuán)隊(duì)的類似發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，產(chǎn)生丁酸鹽的細(xì)菌可以用來診斷慢性疲勞綜合癥)”；倒數(shù)第二段“Ifthefindingsarereplicated,specificgutbacteriacouldbeusedtodiagnosetheillness,whichiscurrentlyidentifiedbasedonsymptomsalone.(如果這些發(fā)現(xiàn)被復(fù)制，特定的腸道細(xì)菌可以用來診斷疾病，目前僅根據(jù)癥狀來識(shí)別疾病)”以及最后一段“Thefindingsadditionallypointtowardpossibletreatments,suchasprobioticsormicrobiome-focuseddietadjustments—thoughpatientswhohavebeensickforlongperiodsmayrequiredrugsthatalleviatethedamagedonetotheirmetabolismorimmunesystem.(研究結(jié)果還指出了可能的治療方法，比如益生菌或以微生物群為重點(diǎn)的飲食調(diào)整——盡管長(zhǎng)期患病的患者可能需要藥物來減輕對(duì)新陳代謝或免疫系統(tǒng)的損害)”可知，A選項(xiàng)“促進(jìn)丁酸鹽的多種功能”不是研究的意義。故選A。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Agrowingbodyofresearchsuggeststhatthegutmicrobiome(消化道菌群)couldplayamajorroleinarisingchronicdiseasethatmakesusphysicallyweaker.Theillness,whichiscommonlycalledchronicfatiguesyndrome(CFS),ischaracterizedbyintensefatigue,gastrointestinal(胃腸道的)issues,musclepain,andcognitivechallengessuchasheadachesanddifficultyconcentrating,amongothersymptoms.(越來越多的研究表明，腸道微生物群可能在越來越多的慢性疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用，這些疾病會(huì)使我們的身體變得更弱。這種疾病通常被稱為慢性疲勞綜合征（CFS），其特征是劇烈疲勞、胃腸道問題、肌肉疼痛和認(rèn)知挑戰(zhàn)，如頭痛和注意力不集中等癥狀)”結(jié)合文章介紹了一項(xiàng)研究開展的過程以及其研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的意義可知，這篇文章的主要講述腸道微生物群可能是慢性疲勞綜合癥的關(guān)鍵。故選A。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2023·北京·人大附中校考模擬）Insomeways,itissurprisingthatlanguageschange.Afterall,theyarepasseddownthroughthegenerationsreliablyenoughforparentsandchildrentocommunicatewitheachother.36Forexample,whileJapanesehaschangedrelativelylittleoverathousandyears,Englishevolvedrapidlyinjustafewcenturies.ManypresentdayspeakersfindShakespear’ssixteenth-centuryplaysdifficultandChaucer’sfourteenth-centuryTheCanterburyTalesnearlyimpossibletoread.Languageschangeforavarietyofreasons.Large-scaleshiftsoftenoccurinresponsetosocial,economic,andpoliticalpressures,astherearemanyexamplesoflanguagechangefueledbyinvasions,colonization,andmigration.37Frequently,theneedsofspeakersdrivelanguagechange.Newtechnologiesindustries,productsandexperiencessimplyrequirenewwords.Byusingnewandemergingterms,wealldrivelanguagechange.Buttheuniquewaythatindividualsspeakalsofuelslanguagechangebecausenotwoindividualsusealanguageinexactlythesameway.38Throughourday-to-dayinteractions,wepickupwordsandsavingsfromotherpeopleandintegratethemintoourspeech.Teensandyoungadults,forexample,oftenusedifferentwordsandphrasesfromtheirparents.Someofthemspreadthroughthepopulationandslowlychangethelanguage.39Vocabularycanchangequicklyasnewwordsareborrowedfromotherlanguages,oraswordsgetcoined,combined,orshortened.Somewordsareevencreatedthroughmisinterpretationofform.AsnotedintheLinguisticSocietyofAmerica’spublicationIsEnglishChanging?,thewordpeaisonesuchexample.Upuntilaboutfourhundredyearsago,peasecouldrefertoeitherasinglepeaormanypeas.Atsomepoint,peopleassumedthatpeasewasthepluralformofanewword,pea,basedonthewaypeasesounded.Whilevocabularycanchangequickly,sentencestructure—theorderofwordsinasentencechangesmoreslowly.40Forexample,duringtheGreatVowelShiftfivehundredyearsago,thepronunciationofvowelsinEnglishchangeddramatically.ThisshiftrepresentsthebiggestdifferencebetweenthepronunciationofMiddleEnglis