【2024年一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷】第二模擬（全國(guó)乙卷）（解析版）

第二模擬（全國(guó)乙卷）2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷（解析版）注意事項(xiàng):1.答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)碼填寫清楚,將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼粘貼區(qū)。2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂;非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫,字體工整、筆跡清楚。3.請(qǐng)按照題號(hào)順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答,超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無(wú)效;在草稿紙、試卷上答題無(wú)效。4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出,確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。5.保持卡面清潔,不要折疊,不要弄破、弄皺,不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1．（2023·河南南陽(yáng)·高三校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試）WhatdoesthemantellJanetodo?A．MeetMr.Potter.B．Returnat3o’clock.C．Postponehisappointment.【答案】C【原文】M:Jane,I’mgoingoutforawhile.W:ButyouhaveanappointmentwithMr.Potterat3o’clock.M:Well,pleasemakeitanotherday.2．（2023·河南南陽(yáng)·高三校聯(lián)考開學(xué)考試）WhoismostprobablyAlice?A．Theman’sguide.B．Theman’swife.C．Theman’scolleague.【答案】B【原文】W:Hello,Tim,weplantogotoHainanduringthesummervacation.Doyouwanttojoinus?M:That’samazing!ButIneedtotalkitoverwithAlicewhenIgethome.W:Oh,sheissohappytohaveyou!Iamwaitingforyourreply.3．（2023·江西宜春·校聯(lián)考二模）Whyisthewomanupset?A．Sheforgottosendsomeemails. B．Themandeletedheressay. C．Shelostherhomework.【答案】C【原文】W:Ican’tfindmyresearchessayfileanywhereonhere.Didyoudeleteit?M:Ofcoursenot.Idon’tevenknowyourpassword.Haveyousavedacopyanywhere?W:No.IwishIhademailedittomyself.Argh!Ididmyworkontime,buttheteacherwillneverbelievethat.4．（2023·江西宜春·校聯(lián)考二模）Howmuchdidthewomansave?A．$9. B．$44. C．$53.【答案】A【原文】M:Yourtotalcomesto$53.Doyouhaveoneofourpreferredshoppercards?W:Oh,yes.Thankyouforremindingme.Ialmostforgot.Hereyouare.M:OK.Withthis,yournewtotalis$44.5．（2023·江西·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）Wherearethespeakersprobably?A．Inasupermarket. B．Inalibrary. C．Inthestreet.【答案】B【原文】M:Excuseme,madam.Iamheretolookforthe6theditionofLongmanDictionary,CanyoutellmewheretheReferenceSectionis?W:Oh,pleasetaketheelevatortothefifthfloor.Itwillbeonyourright.M:Thankssomuch.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你將時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。（2023·陜西寶雞·統(tǒng)考二模）聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6．Whatdoesthewomanconsiderbeautifulandamazing?A．Starfish. B．Seashells. C．Sharks.7．Whatdoesthemanexpectpeopletodo?A．Takeatriptotheislands. B．CollectrocksinHawaii. C．Respectallcreatures.【答案】6．B7．C【原文】W:Ifeellikepeoplepaymoreattentiontolargercreatures,likesharksandwhales.M:Theythinkit’sjustaboutjoy.Buttheearthisalivingplaceforsmallcreatures,too.W:Oh,yeah.Oneofthemostbeautifulpartsofthatisseashells.Theyaresoamazing.M:Yesinyouareright.Andstarfisharebeautiful,too.W:Also,inHawaii,you’renotsupposedtotakerocksfromtheislands.Thosearewhatmakesuptheislands,thesesmallercreatures.Theyarewhatmakesthembeautifulinmanyways.M:Oh,yeah.Peopleshouldliveinharmonywithallcreatures.（2023·陜西寶雞·統(tǒng)考二模）聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8．Whichisthespecialoffertoday?A．Bacon. B．Friedeggs. C．Chickenrolls.9．Whatdoesthewomanprobablydo?A．Awaitress. B．Acook. C．Asalesperson.【答案】8．C9．A【原文】W:Goodmorning.WhatcanIdoforyou,sir?M:CanIseethemenu,please?What’stoday’sspecial?W:Chickenrolls.Wealsohavedelicioussoupnoodleswithseafood.M:Thatsoundsgood.I’llhavethosetwo.W:Wouldyoulikeanythingelse?M:Yes,I’dlikebacon,afriedeggwithbutteredtoastandabottleofCoke.That’sall.（2023春·青海西寧·高三統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試）聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10．Whywillsomeinvitationsbesentout?A．Foracharityparty. B．Foratalentshow. C．Forabusinessconference.11．Whenwillthewomancallthemodels?A．ThisMonday. B．Thisweekend. C．Nextweek.12．Whoisprobablythewoman?A．Theman’scustomer. B．Theman’smanager. C．Theman’sassistant.【答案】10．A11．B12．C【原文】M:I’mgoingtoneedthosefileseditedandcompletedbyMonday,Sarah.Iexpecttoseethemonmydeskfirstthingnextweek.W:Yougotit,Mr.Bensen.Isthereanythinginparticularyouwouldlikemetoinclude?M:Justmakesurethatyouhighlightallofourupcomingshows.Iwantourclientstobeawareofourneweventsandclothesstyles.W:Ofcourse,sir.ShouldIstartsendingouttheinvitationsfornextmonth’scharityparty?M:Yes!Thatneedstobeahugesuccessifweexpectanythingfromoursummerlinetobereadyanytimesoon.W:I’llcallthemodelsthisweekendandremindthemofthefittingnextweek.Hopefully,theycanbehelpfulforthedonationsfortheevent.M:Iwouldliketothinkso.Isn’tthatwhatthisbusinessisallabout—makingpeoplelookgoodandbeingsurroundedbythepeoplethatlookthebest?W:Iguessso,sir.I’dliketothinkthatourmarketismorethanjustgood-lookingpeople,though.M:Whatthemediawants,Sarah,themediagets.（2023·江西·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13．WhatdidCarol’smotherstudyatcollege?A．Finance. B．Engineering. C．Literature.14．WhowillpayforCarol’smother’seducationinStanfordUniversity?A．Carol’sfather. B．Theuniversity. C．Carol’sgrandparents.15．WhatdoesCarolsuggestthemando?A．Workhard. B．Findapart-timejob. C．Helpwiththehousework.16．WhatdoesCarolaskthemantodo?A．Mailaletter. B．Cleanherbedroom. C．Borrowabook.【答案】13．A14．B15．C16．A【原文】M:Carol,you’refinallyhome.There’sgoodnews.Momwillgobacktoschool!W:Wow.I’msogladtohearthat.Shemajoredinfinanceatcollege,becauseourgrandparentsthoughtitwouldbeeasyforhertogetajob.ButIknowshehasalwaysbeeninterestedinhistoryandliterature.M:That’sit.ShehasbeenacceptedintoStanfordUniversityasagraduatestudenttostudyarchaeology.Moreover,shehaswonafullscholarshipanddoesn’tneedtoworryabouttuitionfees.Momismyrealidol.Ishouldstudyhardandfollowmydreamaswell.W:I’mafraidMomcouldn’thandlehouseholdchoresandstudyatthesametime.Look,thehouseisinamess,especiallyyourbedroom.Yououghttohelpwiththehousework.M:Indeed.ButIhavetogotothelibrarytodomypart-timeworknow.CanItidyitupwhenI’mback?W:Well,Iwillhelpyoudothecleaningthistime.Bytheway,couldyousendthisletterformeonyourwaytothelibrary?M:Thanks,Carol.That’sallright.I’minnohurry.（2023·河南三門峽·統(tǒng)考一模）聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17．Whatdoesthewomanthinkisthemostvaluablepartofthetour?A．Tellingstoriesaboutclasses.B．Gettingtoknowthecollegeasawhole.C．Learningdetailedfactsaboutthestudentcenter.18．Whatdoesthewomansuggestaboutthelibrary?A．Foodissoldthere.B．Itisonlypopularforstudying.C．Therulesarenotverystrictthere.19．Whendoesthestudentcenterdoseonweekendnights?A．Attwoo’clockinthemorning.B．Attwelveo’clockatnight.C．Atteno’clockatnight.20．Whatwillthewomanprobablydiscussnext?A．Schoolsportsteams. B．Gymequipment. C．Famousprofessors.【答案】17．B18．C19．A20．A【原文】Goodafternoon.WelcometothistourofDavidsonCollege.Asaseniorhere,Icouldtellyouallaboutmyexperiencesinclassroomsandlabs.ButIthinkitwouldbemostvaluabletotalkaboutthecampusaswewalkaroundoutsidetogetanoverallfeelofthisamazingplace.Overtomyleftisthelibrary,andbesidesbeingthemainplacewherestudentsdoresearchforpapers,it’salsowherealotofstudentshangoutbetweenclasses.Therearecomputersandcomfortablechairseverywhere,andoneachfloor,thereareareasthatdonotrequireyoutobequiet.Perhapsthisiswhyourstudentslikeitsomuch!Downtheroadtomyrightisthestudentcenter,wherestudentscanbuycoffee,snacks,andofficialDavidsonCollegeclothing.Thestudentcenterisopenuntil10:00p.m.onschoolnightsanduntil2:00a.m.onweekendnights.CarsonGym,whichisnamedafteroneofDavidson’smostfamousprofessors,isopen24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek.Youcanplayalmosteverysportyoucanimaginethere,andtherearehealthclasseslikeyogaandgroupdanceeverydayexceptWednesday.Thebestpartaboutthegymisthecost:studentspayayearlyfeeof$50,andtheygettousethefacilitiesasmuchastheywant.Allright,we’recominguptothestadiumnow...第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A（2023·河南開封·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測(cè)）InsupportofFinancialLiteracyMonth(April),youthinMichigan,aged9-12yearsoldonJune1,2023,areencouragedtoanswerthisyear’sEssayQuestion(seebelow)withanessayof300wordsorless.Thetopscoringessayswillwina$100giftcardthankstothegeneroussponsorshipofExtraCreditUnion.2023EssayQuestion:Whatisthedifferencebetween‘a(chǎn)needandawant?Discusshowyoudetermineifsomethingisaneedorawant.Howcanyoumakesureyouhaveenoughmoneytogetyourneedsandstillenjoysomeofyourwants?Sharehowneedsandwantsmightchangethroughoutone’slife.Timeline:June30,2023:EssaySubmissiondueby11:59p.m.July31,2023:WinnersnotifiedbythisdateWhoShouldEnter:Anyyouth9-12yearsoldresidinginthestateofMichigan.ToEnter:Youthmusthaveparentpermissiontoapplyandparticipate.·Theapplicationformmustbecompletedbyaparentorguardian.·Youthmustwriteanessay(300wordsorless)ontheassignedtopicabove.·Essayresponsewillbetypedorpastedintotheapplicationformonregistrationpage.ItisrecommendedthatyouthwritetheiressayinWordoraGoogledocpriortocompletingtheregistration/submissionform.·Theessaymustbetheworkofthestudentsubmittingtheessay.AllessaysbecomethepropertyoftheMichiganStateUniversityExtension4-HYouthDevelopmentProgramandmaybeusedbycontestcoordinatorstopromotefinancialliteracy.ThankyouExtraCreditUnionforofferingmoneyandhelpforthisyear’scontest!21．Whatistheaimofthecontest?A．Toselecttalentedyouth. B．Tosupportanactivity.C．Toencouragepeopletosavemoney. D．Toteachkidshowtomakemoney.22．Whatisarequirementforthecontest?A．ParticipantsmustliveinMichigan. B．Theessayhasn’tbeenpublishedbefore.C．Thewordsoftheentrymustbeover300. D．Participantsshouldwriteunderanadult’sguidance23．WhatcanwelearnaboutExtraCreditUnion?A．Scoringcriteria. B．Thejudge.C．Thesponsor. D．Theentryfee.【答案】21．B22．A23．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。講述的是密歇根的青少年關(guān)于參加金融方面的論文比賽。21．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段首句“InsupportofFinancialLiteracyMonth(April),youthinMichigan,aged9-12yearsoldonJune1,2023,areencouragedtoanswerthisyear’sEssayQuestion(seebelow)withanessayof300wordsorless.(為了支持金融知識(shí)月（4月），鼓勵(lì)密歇根州9-12歲的青年在2023年6月1日以300字或更少的論文回答今年的論文問(wèn)題。)”可知，比賽的目的是為了支持“金融掃盲月”活動(dòng)的開展。故選B項(xiàng)。22．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章WhoShouldEnter中“Anyyouth9-12yearsoldresidinginthestateofMichigan.(居住在密歇根州的任何9-12歲的青少年)”可知，參加者需是在密歇根居住的青少年。故選A項(xiàng)。23．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章末句“ThankyouExtraCreditUnionforofferingmoneyandhelpforthisyear’scontest!(感謝額外信用社為今年的比賽提供資金和幫助！)”可知，ExtraCreditUnion是贊助單位。故選C項(xiàng)。B（2023·陜西寶雞·統(tǒng)考二模）WhenIwasyounger,Ihadbeenatopstudentwithastrongdesiretoattendatopuniversity.Butthingsstartedtogodownhillformeinhighschoolaftermyparentsdivorced.Tornbetweenwantingtobewithmymother,whomovedtoCanadaalonewithnosupport,andwithmybelovedaginggrandfatherinPakistan,Imovedbackandforth,strugglingwithmystudies.Ibarelygraduatedfromhighschoolandenteredanordinarycollege,feelingthatIhadalreadyfailed.Igotdiscouraged,andbegantosufferfromseveredepression.Thedeathofmygrandfatherwasthefinalstraw.Withnorealhopeforthefuture,IdroppedoutandreturnedtomymotherandsistersinCanada.ThenIwasridingwithatruckingcompanytohelpsupportmymotherandsisters.Duringthoselonghoursontheroad,mygrandfather’slastwordscamebacktome:“Pleaseacceptthechallengesoflifeandworkharder.Itisnowornever.Ihopeyouwillneverdisappointus.”Withhiswordsringinginmyears,Idiscoveredanewfoundresolve.Mypathsuddenlybecameclear:IhadtofinishwhatIhadstartedandgobacktoschool.Togetbackontrack,Ineededtotakeafullcourseloadwhilecontinuingtoworkenoughpart-timehourstohelppaythebills.Aftergraduatingfromhighschoolagain,Ibeganuniversityengineeringcooperationprogram,inwhichIworkedasapaidintern(實(shí)習(xí)生)everyotherterm,allowingmetokeepmystudentloansincheck.Atthesametime,Itriedmybesttofocusonmystudies.Aftercompletingmyuniversity,Iwentontoamaster’sandnowaPhD,winingseveralresearchawardsalongtheway.Mypathtothispointhasmadeonethingclear:Neverfearfailure.IhopeIhavemademygrandfatherproud.24．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor’slifeinhisfirsthighschool?A．Struggling. B．Ordinary. C．Fruitful. D．Boring.25．Whydidtheauthordropoutofcollege?A．Hehadabigfamilytosupport. B．Hehadtogetawell-paidjob.C．Hefelthopelessaboutthefuture. D．Hefoughtwithhisclassmate.26．Howdidtheauthorgettheideaofreturningtoschool?A．Hewaslaughedatbyhismotherandsisters. B．Hewasencouragedtowinresearchawards.C．Hewasmotivatedbyhisgrandfatherswords. D．Hewasforcedtoacquiremoreskillsatwork.27．Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A．Business. B．Science. C．Health. D．Life.【答案】24．A25．C26．C27．D【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者退學(xué)后重返校園、重燃心中求學(xué)夢(mèng)的故事。24．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Butthingsstartedtogodownhillformeinhighschoolaftermyparentsdivorced.Tornbetweenwantingtobewithmymother,whomovedtoCanadaalonewithnosupport,andwithmybelovedaginggrandfatherinPakistan,Imovedbackandforth,strugglingwithmystudies.(但在我的父母離婚后，我的高中生活開始走下坡路。我想和母親在一起，她獨(dú)自一人搬到了加拿大，沒有人支持她；我又想和我深愛的、年邁的祖父在巴基斯坦。我來(lái)回奔波，努力學(xué)習(xí))”可知，作者的第一段高中生活糾結(jié)而掙扎。故選A。25．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Withnorealhopeforthefuture,IdroppedoutandreturnedtomymotherandsistersinCanada.(由于對(duì)未來(lái)沒有真正的希望，我退學(xué)了，回到了加拿大的母親和姐妹們身邊)”可知，作者對(duì)未來(lái)無(wú)望，因而退學(xué)。故選C。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Duringthoselonghoursontheroad,mygrandfather’slastwordscamebacktome:“Pleaseacceptthechallengesoflifeandworkharder.Itisnowornever.Ihopeyouwillneverdisappointus.”Withhiswordsringinginmyears,Idiscoveredanewfoundresolve.Mypathsuddenlybecameclear:IhadtofinishwhatIhadstartedandgobacktoschool.(在漫長(zhǎng)的旅途中，我想起了祖父的最后一句話：“請(qǐng)接受生活的挑戰(zhàn)，更加努力地工作。”機(jī)不可失，時(shí)不再來(lái)。我希望你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)讓我們失望?！彼脑捲谖叶吇仨?，我有了新的決心。我的道路突然變得清晰起來(lái):我必須完成我已經(jīng)開始的事情，回到學(xué)校)”可知，爺爺臨終前的話激勵(lì)作者重返校園。故選C。27．推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了作者退學(xué)后重返校園，通過(guò)不懈的努力，終于取得傲人的成績(jī)的故事。由此可推斷，本文可能出自雜志的生活欄目。故選D。C（2023·江西·江西師大附中?？既＃㎡urbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpreting(重新解釋)ambiguoussounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.Thefindingspointtonewwaysweuseinformationandcontexttoaidinspeechcomprehension.“Whatapersonthinkstheyheardoesnotalwaysmatchtheactualsignalsthatreachtheear,”explainsleadauthorLauraGwilliams.“Thisisbecausethebrainre-evaluatestheinterpretationofaspeechsoundatthemomenteachfollowingspeechsoundisheardinordertoupdateinterpretationsasnecessary,”Gwilliamssays.It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we,aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”Inthestudy,theresearcherssoughttounderstandhowthebrainusesthisfollowinginformationtoadjustourperceptionofwhatweinitiallyheard.Todothis,theyconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichthesubjectslistenedtoisolatedsyllablesandsimilarlysoundingwords.Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.28．Whatisthestudymainlyabout?A．Whypeoplemakeunclearsounds. B．Howbrainsunderstandunclearwords.C．Howbrainstellapartusefulinformation. D．Whysomepeopleprocessinformationfaster.29．Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbygivingtheexampleinparagraph3?A．Itisnormalforpeopletomakeunclearsounds.B．Peoplearemorelikelytomisheartheirfriends.C．Peoplecanunderstandotherseveniftheymishearaword.D．Peoplearelikelytomistakeawordforsomethingfamiliar.30．Whatdoweknowabouttheunclearwordsintheexperiments?A．Theyseemedtobeuseless. B．Theywerenoticedinstantly.C．Theyledtomisunderstanding. D．Theystoppedusthinkingfurther.31．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“thesignal”inthelastparagraphreferto?A．Thepreviousspeechsound. B．Thesimilarlysoundingword.C．Theunclearlysoundingword. D．Thefollowingspeechsound.【答案】28．B29．C30．B31．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新研究，我們的大腦在重新解釋模棱兩可的聲音時(shí)會(huì)使用一種“自動(dòng)糾正”功能。文章介紹了研究開展的過(guò)程以及發(fā)現(xiàn)。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Ourbrainshavean“auto-correct”featurethatweusewhenre-interpreting(重新解釋)ambiguoussounds,accordingtonewresearch.Thestudyshedslightonhowthebrainusesinformationgatheredafterthediscoveringofaninitialsoundtoaidspeechcomprehension.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新研究，我們的大腦在重新解釋模棱兩可的聲音時(shí)會(huì)使用一種“自動(dòng)糾正”功能。這項(xiàng)研究揭示了大腦是如何利用發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)初始聲音后收集的信息來(lái)幫助理解語(yǔ)言的)”可知，這項(xiàng)研究的主要內(nèi)容是大腦如何理解不清晰的詞語(yǔ)。故選B。29．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“It’swellknownthattheperceptionofaspeechsoundisdeterminedbyitssurroundingcontext—intheformofwords,sentencesandotherspeechsounds.Thisplaysoutineverydaylife—whenwetalk,theactualspeechweproduceisoftenambiguous.Forexample,whenafriendsaysshehasa“dent(凹痕)”inhercar,youmayhear“tent”.Althoughthiskindofambiguityhappensregularly,we.aslisteners,arehardlyawareofit.“Thisisbecausethebrainautomaticallyresolvestheambiguityforus—itpicksaninterpretationandthat’swhatweperceivetohear,”explainsGwilliams.“Thewaythebraindoesthisisbyusingthesurroundingcontexttonarrowdownthepossibilitiesofwhatthespeakermaymean.”(眾所周知，對(duì)語(yǔ)音的感知是由周圍環(huán)境決定的——以單詞、句子和其他語(yǔ)音的形式。這在日常生活中也會(huì)發(fā)生——當(dāng)我們說(shuō)話的時(shí)候，我們實(shí)際說(shuō)的話往往是模棱兩可的。例如，當(dāng)一個(gè)朋友說(shuō)她的車有一個(gè)凹痕時(shí)，你可能會(huì)聽到“tent”。雖然這種模棱兩可經(jīng)常發(fā)生，但我們。作為聽眾，我們幾乎意識(shí)不到這一點(diǎn)?！斑@是因?yàn)榇竽X自動(dòng)為我們解決了模糊性——它選擇了一種解釋，這就是我們所聽到的，”Gwilliams解釋說(shuō)?！按竽X這樣做的方式是利用周圍的環(huán)境來(lái)縮小說(shuō)話人可能想要表達(dá)的可能性?！?”可推知，作者想通過(guò)第三段的例子說(shuō)明即使聽錯(cuò)了一個(gè)詞，人們也能聽懂別人說(shuō)的話。故選C。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.Thebrainmakescommitmentstoits“bestguess”ofhowtointerpretthesignalafterabouthalfasecond.(他們的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了三個(gè)主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦的初級(jí)聽覺皮層(初級(jí)聽覺皮層)在聲音出現(xiàn)50毫秒后就對(duì)語(yǔ)音的歧義程度很敏感。大腦在解釋接下來(lái)的聲音時(shí)“重播”之前的聲音，暗示隨著單詞的展開重新評(píng)估。大腦會(huì)在半秒后做出“最佳猜測(cè)”來(lái)解釋信號(hào))”可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)中不清楚的單詞很快就被注意到了。故選B。31．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“Theirresultsproducedthreeprimaryfindings:Thebrain’sprimaryauditorycortex(聽覺皮層)issensitivetohowambiguousaspeechsoundisatjust50millisecondsafterthesound’sappearance.Thebrain“replays”previousspeechsoundswhileinterpretingthefollowingones,suggestingre-evaluationastherestofthewordunfolds.”可知，他們的研究結(jié)果產(chǎn)生了三個(gè)主要發(fā)現(xiàn)：大腦的初級(jí)聽覺皮層在聲音出現(xiàn)50毫秒后就對(duì)語(yǔ)音的模糊程度很敏感。大腦在解釋接下來(lái)的聲音時(shí)“重播”之前的聲音，暗示隨著單詞的展開重新評(píng)估。大腦會(huì)在半秒后做出“最佳猜測(cè)”來(lái)解釋發(fā)音不清楚的單詞。故劃線詞意思“發(fā)音不清楚的單詞”。故選C。D（2023·福建廈門高三模擬）AfterarelaxingJulydayattheJerseyShorein2021,JessicaReederandhertwochildrenheadedhometoPhiladelphia.AstheyreachedPennsylvania,theyweregreetedwithayellow-graysky.ItremindedReederofwhatsheoftensawinSouthernCaliforniainherchildhoodwhenwildfireswereburning.InNorthAmerica,mostlargewildfiresoccurinthewesternstatesandCanada.ButsmokegeneratedintheWestdoesn’tstaythere.Ittendstotraveleast.Withindays,itcandirtytheairintheMidwestandevenEastCoasttowns.Today,mostasthma(哮喘)-relatedUSdeathsandemergency-roomvisitsfromwildfiresmokeoccurineasterncities.Thebigproblemcomesfromtinyaerosols(氣溶膠)--bitsofash,andotherdropletsintheair.Scientistsrefertothismixasparticulatematter,orPM.ThesmallerthePMis,thelongeritcanstayintheair.Andthelongeritfloats,thefartheritcantravel.TheespeciallyworrisomesizesareknownasPM2.5.Thesebitsarenomorethan2.5micrometerswide.That’saboutone-thirtieththewidthofahumanhair.Theseaerosolsaresosmallthattheycanbebreatheddeeplyintothelungs.PM2.5hasbeenlinkedwithbreathing-relatedinjuryandheartdisease.Overthelastfewdecades,USclean-airlawshavesetlimitsonemissions(排放)ofPMfromindustrialsources.Thathashelpedcleantheairinmanycities.Buttheserulesdon’tcoverPMfromwildfiresmoke.Recentstudieshaveshownthataerosolsfromwildfiresmaybemorepoisonousthanindustrialsourcesofthesepollutants.Sofar,muchofthescienceonhowwildfirePM2.5cansickenpeoplehasfocusedonpeopleexposedtosmokenearfiresintheUSWest.Now,researchersareturningtheirattentiontohowthissmokemaybeaffectingpeopleasfarawayastheEastCoast.Withclimatechangeincreasingtheintensityandfrequencyofwildfires,peopleacrossNorthAmericaneedtobemoreconcernedaboutthehealthimpactsofthissmoke.32．WhydoestheauthortellJessicaReedersstory?A．Toleadinthetopic. B．Topraiseherperformance.C．Torememberafriend. D．Tointroduceanicescene.33．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．TheclassificationofPM. B．Thetreatmentforasthma.C．Theharmoftinyaerosols. D．ThecharacteristicsofPM.34．WhatdidAmericadotocleantheairinthepast?A．ItcutdownonPMfromwildlifesmoke.B．Itreducedindustrialemissionsbylaw.C．Itencouragedpeopletoworkfromhome.D．Itstoppedwildfiresmoketravellingeast.35．Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A．WildfireSmokePosesHealthRisksinNorthAmericaB．WildfiresAreBurningOutofControlintheUSC．WhyDoLargeWildfiresOccurintheEasternUS?D．HowDoWildfiresAffecttheWesternUSCities?【答案】32．A33．D34．B35．A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要介紹了美國(guó)西海岸的山火所產(chǎn)生的煙塵飄散至北美中西部地區(qū)甚至東部沿海城市，危及整個(gè)北美地區(qū)的民眾健康。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“AfterarelaxingJulydayattheJerseyShorein2021,JessicaReederandhertwochildrenheadedhometoPhiladelphia.AstheyreachedPennsylvania,theyweregreetedwithayellow-graysky.ItremindedReederofwhatsheoftensawinSouthernCaliforniainherchildhoodwhenwildfireswereburning.”（2021年7月在澤西海岸度過(guò)了輕松的一天后，杰西卡·里德和她的兩個(gè)孩子回到了費(fèi)城的家。當(dāng)他們到達(dá)賓夕法尼亞州時(shí)，迎接他們的是一片黃灰色的天空。這讓里德想起了她童年時(shí)經(jīng)常在南加州看到的野火。）以及下文內(nèi)容可知，作者講述杰西卡·里德的故事是為了引出本文話題。故選A項(xiàng)。33．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“ThesmallerthePMis,thelongeritcanstayintheair.Andthelongeritfloats,thefartheritcantravel.TheespeciallyworrisomesizesareknownasPM2.5.Thesebitsarenomorethan2.5micrometerswide.That’saboutone-thirtieththewidthofahumanhair.Theseaerosolsaresosmallthattheycanbebreatheddeeplyintothelungs.PM2.5hasbeenlinkedwithbreathing-relatedinjuryandheartdisease.”（顆粒物越小，在空氣中停留的時(shí)間就越長(zhǎng)。它漂浮的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)，就能飛得越遠(yuǎn)。特別令人擔(dān)憂的是PM2.5。這些鉆頭的寬度不超過(guò)2.5微米。這大約是人類頭發(fā)寬度的三十分之一。這些氣溶膠非常小，可以被吸入肺部深處。PM2.5與呼吸相關(guān)的損傷和心臟病有關(guān)。）可知，本段主要講的是PM（空氣顆粒物）的特征。故選D項(xiàng)。34．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Overthelastfewdecades,USclean-airlawshavesetlimitsonemissions(排放)ofPMfromindustrialsources.”（在過(guò)去的幾十年里，美國(guó)的清潔空氣法對(duì)工業(yè)排放的PM設(shè)定了限制。）可知，在過(guò)去的幾十年中，美國(guó)以法律手段減少工業(yè)廢棄中的顆粒物排放量。故選B項(xiàng)。35．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第二段中“Today,mostasthma(哮喘)-relatedUSdeathsandemergency-roomvisitsfromwildfiresmokeoccurineasterncities.”（今天，大多數(shù)與哮喘相關(guān)的美國(guó)死亡和野火煙霧造成的急診室就診發(fā)生在東部城市。）可知，本文主要介紹了美國(guó)西海岸的山火所產(chǎn)生的煙塵飄散至北美中西部地區(qū)甚至東部沿海城市，危及整個(gè)北美地區(qū)的民眾健康。故文章最適合的標(biāo)題是“野火煙霧對(duì)北美健康構(gòu)成威脅”。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,滿分10分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。（2023·全國(guó)·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Indoorplantsmightlookasiftheyjustsitaroundnotdoingmuch,butinmanywaystheyaretheunsungheroesofthehome.36,butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.What’smore,indoorplantsareeasytolookafterandarenotveryexpensive.Whatareindoorplants?Indoorplants,alsoknownashouseplantsorpotplants,areplantsthatliketogrowindoors.Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedtogrowingoutsideintheUK,especiallyinthewinter.37.Whyareindoorplantsgoodforyou?WillSpoelstra,whoworksattheRoyalBotanicGardens,says,“38.Ifindduringthewintermonths,plantsaroundthehousecanreallyliftyourmood.”Severalstudieshavebackedthisupandfoundthatindoorplantscanimprovecreativity,focusandmemory.Thereisalsoresearchshowingthatpotplantscancleantheairaroundthembyremovingharmfulgases,suchascarbondioxide.Theyalsoremovesomeharmfulchemicalsfrompaintsorcooking.39.Whichplantscanyougrow?Aloevera,peaceliliesandspiderplantsaresomeofthespeciesthatareeasytogrowindoors.Youcanbuyplantsfromsupermarkets,gardencentresoronline.Youngerplantsareoftencheaperthanfullygrownones,andyougettocareforthemastheymature—whichispartofthejoyofowningplants.“40,”Spoelstrasays.“Itcanbringanewinterestandfocusintopeople’slivesandhelptomakethelinkbetweenhomeandnature.”A．AllplantsaredifferentB．NotonlydotheylookbeautifulC．TherearemanybenefitstogrowingplantsindoorsD．Instead,theygrowbetterinside,whereitiswarmerE．Plantslikepeaceliliesanddevil’sivyareamongthebestF．ChangingthepotofyourplantfromtimetotimewillalsohelpG．Learningabouttherequirementsofeachplantcanbeveryrewarding【答案】36．B37．D38．C39．E40．G【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了什么是室內(nèi)植物、室內(nèi)植物帶來(lái)的好處及你能種植哪些室內(nèi)植物。36．根據(jù)下文“butstudieshaveshownthattheycanpromotepeople’swellbeingbyimprovingtheirmood(心情),reducingstressandhelpingtheirmemory.(而且研究表明，它們可以通過(guò)改善情緒、減輕壓力和幫助增強(qiáng)記憶力來(lái)促進(jìn)人們的健康)”可知，此處與下文是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，構(gòu)成notonly…but“不僅……而且……”結(jié)構(gòu)。由此可知，B.Notonlydotheylookbeautiful(它們不僅看起來(lái)很漂亮)能夠銜接下文，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。37．根據(jù)上文“Manyofthesespecies(物種)arenotideallysuitedto