廣東省云浮市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1廣東省云浮市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽(tīng)力(略)第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWhenyou’retravellingtoanewplace,oftenoneofthemainthingsyou’relookingforisareallybrilliantmuseumorgallery.Herearesomemuseumsworthvisiting.EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum,Xi’anCanyouimaginehowunbelievableitmusthavefelttouncovertheterracottawarriorsforthefirsttime?No,ofcourseyoucan’t,butwe’reguessingitmusthavefeltprettygood.ThepeoplewhofounditwerefarmersinXi’anin1974.GatheredaroundthetombofChina’sfirstemperor,the8,000warriorsandtheirhorsesareagrandsight.StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburgItissaidthatifyoulookateveryobjectintheStateHermitageMuseumforoneminuteeach,itwouldtake11yearstoseeeverything.That’squiteforsure.Butit’scertainlythatyoujusthangarounditsgalleriesforadayortwo.Highlightsincludeanover200-year-oldclockdecoratedwithmechanicalgoldenpeacocks,butmakesuretotakeplentyofpicturesofthebuilding’souterwalltoo(Itlooksbestonfreshwintermornings).Rijksmuseum,AmsterdamWithits40Rembrandts(Dutchpainter)andfourVermeers(Dutchpainter),theRijksmuseumisunmissableifyou’repartialtoasullen(沉悶的)seventeenth-centuryscene.Themuseuminfacthousesmorethanamillionworksofart,andbynomeansaretheselimitedtojustpaintings.Ifyou’revisitingwithkids,huntdownthedollhousecollectionsandreviewDutchlifeinminiature—rightdowntothetinyplatessetfordinner.TateModern,LondonTheTatehasfourgalleriesintheUK:TateLiverpool,TateStIves,TateBritain,andTateModern.It’sthelatterthat’sreallyworld-class,though.HousedinaformerpowerstationonLondon’sBankside,thecavernous(像洞穴的)gallerieshouseavastlastingcollectionandamazingexhibitionsthatpullinthecrowds.1.Whatisspecialaboutthefirstmuseum?A.Itisthelargestofthefour.B.Itwasbuiltbasedonatomb.C.Itoffersanexplorationexperience.D.Itwasfoundbynon-professionals.2.Whatdoesthewritermeanbymentioning11yearsinparagraph3?A.Themuseumhasalonghistory.B.Themuseumcoversalargearea.C.Themuseumhasalargecollection.D.Themuseumhasquantitiesofvisitors.3.Whichofthefollowingprovidesspecialattractionsforkids?A.EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum.B.StateHermitageMuseum.C.Rijksmuseum.D.TateModern.〖答案〗1.B2.C3.C【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文的體裁是應(yīng)用文。這篇文章介紹了四個(gè)值得一游的博物館的情況?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章EmperorQinshihuang’sMausoleumSiteMuseum,Xi’an部分中“GatheredaroundthetombofChina’sfirstemperor,the8,000warriorsandtheirhorsesareagrandsight.(8000名武士和他們的戰(zhàn)馬聚集在中國(guó)第一位皇帝的陵墓周圍，是一幅壯觀的景象。)”可知，第一座博物館是在一座墳?zāi)沟幕A(chǔ)上建造的。故選B?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章StateHermitageMuseum,StPetersburg部分中“ItissaidthatifyoulookateveryobjectintheStateHermitageMuseumforoneminuteeach,itwouldtake11yearstoseeeverything.(據(jù)說(shuō)，如果你看國(guó)家冬宮博物館的每件展品，每件一分鐘，需要11年的時(shí)間才能看完。)”可知，作者在提到11年是在說(shuō)明該博物館收藏了大量的藏品。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。由文章Rijksmuseum,Amsterdam部分中“Ifyou’revisitingwithkids,huntdownthedollhousecollectionsandreviewDutchlifeinminiature—rightdowntothetinyplatessetfordinner.(如果你是帶著孩子來(lái)的，那就去尋找玩具屋的收藏品，用微縮的方式回顧一下荷蘭人的生活——就連晚餐用的小盤(pán)子都有。)”可知，Rijksmuseum對(duì)孩子們有特別的吸引力。故選C。BThevastmajorityofSpain’strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram.PeoplevisitingtheWestEuropeancountrycannowwhizz(飛速行駛)acrossitintherelativeluxuryofoneofitstrainsforzerocost.Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwaytogettoknowacountry.UnderSpain’snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets.“I’dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI’mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,”aseniorofficialsaid.“Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit’sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth.”Thecountry’sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply.SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheprogram?A.Itisofbenefittotheenvironment.B.Peoplestillhavedoubtaboutit.C.ThetrainsinSpainarecompletelyfreenow.D.SpainistheonlycountryinEuropetocuttransportcosts.5.Whatisthemainpurposeofintroducingtheprogram?A.Tolowerfuelprices. B.Torelievethestressofairlinebusiness.C.TopromotetourismandbenefitpeopleofSpain. D.Toshowthegovernment’sconcernforthepublic.6.WhatdoestheauthorthinkoftheUKgovernment’spractice?A.Negative. B.Admiring. C.Inattentive. D.Praiseworthy.7.Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A.Thepopularityoftheclimateticket.B.Theeconomicbenefitsoftheprogram.C.Theprogram’sgreatbenefitstohealth.D.Thepracticesonpublictransportinsomecountries.〖答案〗4.A5.C6.A7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了西班牙推出的一項(xiàng)新政策，即年內(nèi)大部分火車乘坐將免費(fèi)，旨在為民眾提供應(yīng)對(duì)生活成本危機(jī)的幫助，同時(shí)也有助于環(huán)保和減少通勤成本。文章還提及了德國(guó)和奧地利在公共交通票價(jià)上的類似減免措施，并指出英國(guó)政府尚未推出鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃。【4題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThevastmajorityofSpain’strainswillbefreeuntiltheendoftheyearinanewprogram.(根據(jù)一項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃，到今年年底，西班牙絕大多數(shù)火車都將免費(fèi))”和“Aswellasbeingmuchbetterfortheenvironmentthanairtravel,sittingonatrainandwatchingthecountrysideslipbyistheperfectwaytogettoknowacountry.(乘火車比乘飛機(jī)旅行對(duì)環(huán)境更有好處，坐在火車上，看著鄉(xiāng)村的景色掠過(guò)，是了解一個(gè)國(guó)家的最佳方式)”可推知，這個(gè)計(jì)劃對(duì)環(huán)境是有好處的。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“UnderSpain’snewprogram,allshortandmediumtrainridesarefree—withtherightticket—providingtheperfectopportunitytoseeCatalonia,AndaluciaandtheBasqueCountry.

Touristscantakeadvantageofthediscounts,whichhavebeenbroughtintohelpthepopulationdealwiththecostoflivingcrisis,iftheybuymulti-journeytickets.(根據(jù)西班牙的新計(jì)劃，所有的中短途火車都是免費(fèi)的——只要你買(mǎi)對(duì)了票——這為你提供了游覽加泰羅尼亞、安達(dá)盧西亞和巴斯克地區(qū)的絕佳機(jī)會(huì)。如果購(gòu)買(mǎi)多次旅行的車票，游客可以利用折扣，這些折扣是為了幫助人們應(yīng)對(duì)生活成本危機(jī)而推出的)”可知，該計(jì)劃可以促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展；根據(jù)段中““I’dlikethepeopleofSpaintoknowthatI’mfullyawareofthedailydifficultiesthatmostpeoplehave,”aseniorofficialsaid.“Iknowsalariescoverlessandlessandthatit’sdifficulttogettotheendofthemonth.”Thecountry’sMinistryofTransportsaidthemeasurewouldhelppeoplegettoworksafelyasfuelpricescontinuetorisesharply.(一位高級(jí)官員表示：“我希望西班牙人民知道，我完全了解大多數(shù)人每天面臨的困難。我知道工資越來(lái)越少，而且很難撐到月底?！痹搰?guó)交通運(yùn)輸部表示，在燃油價(jià)格持續(xù)大幅上漲的情況下，這項(xiàng)措施將幫助人們安全上班)”可知，該計(jì)劃還可以讓西班牙普通民眾受益。由此推知，這一計(jì)劃的目的是促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)發(fā)展，造福西班牙人民。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.

Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.(盡管氣候危機(jī)的嚴(yán)重性以及汽油和柴油汽車造成的損害，但英國(guó)政府尚未宣布任何鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃。相反，政府在3月份將燃油稅下調(diào)了5%，為期12個(gè)月，鼓勵(lì)更多的人開(kāi)車)”可知，作者認(rèn)為英國(guó)政府未能像西班牙、德國(guó)和奧地利一樣降低公共交通價(jià)格，而且英國(guó)政府鼓勵(lì)更多的人開(kāi)車也與應(yīng)對(duì)氣候危機(jī)背道而馳。由此推知，作者對(duì)英國(guó)政府的做法持否定態(tài)度。故選A項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】主旨大意題。最后一段“SpainjoinsGermanyincuttingthepriceofpublictransport,withthelattercountrylaunchingaticketcosting€9whichgivesafullmonthoftravelfromJuneuntiltheendofAugust.Austriahasstartedofferingaclimateticket,whichallowspeopletocompletejourneysforjust€3.Whenitwasfirstlaunchedlastyear,thepopularityoftheticketalmostcauseditswebsitetocrash.TheUKgovernmenthasnotannouncedanyplanstoencouragetheuseoftrains,despitetheseriousnessoftheclimatecrisisandthedamagepetrolanddieselcarscause.Instead,thegovernmentcutfueldutyby5%inMarchfor12months,encouragingmorepeopletogetbehindthewheel.(西班牙加入了德國(guó)的行列，開(kāi)始降低公共交通價(jià)格，德國(guó)推出了一張9歐元的車票，從6月到8月底可以坐一個(gè)月的車。奧地利已經(jīng)開(kāi)始提供氣候票，人們只需花3歐元就能完成旅程。去年該彩票首次推出時(shí)，其受歡迎程度幾乎導(dǎo)致其網(wǎng)站崩潰。盡管氣候危機(jī)嚴(yán)重，汽油和柴油汽車造成的破壞也很嚴(yán)重，但英國(guó)政府尚未宣布任何鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃。相反，政府在3月份將燃油稅下調(diào)了5%，為期12個(gè)月，鼓勵(lì)更多的人開(kāi)車)”可知，本段主要介紹了其他國(guó)家在公共交通方面的做法，如德國(guó)降低了公共交通的價(jià)格，奧地利開(kāi)始提供氣候票，而英國(guó)政府卻沒(méi)有宣布任何鼓勵(lì)使用火車的計(jì)劃。由此可知，最后一段主要介紹了一些國(guó)家在公共交通方面的做法。故選D項(xiàng)。CAfterageandgenetics(傳性),beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默病),expertssay,“TwooutofeverythreebrainsaffectedbyAlzheimer’sdiseasearewomen'sbrains,"saidDr.RichardIsaacson,directoroftheAlzheimer'sPreventionClinicintheCenterforBrainHealthatFloridaAtlanticUniversity’sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now,anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk,Personalizedlifestyleinterventions(干預(yù))-suchasdiet,exercise,stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer’sriskfactorsinbothsexes,buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen.“OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovascular(心血管的)disease,”saidIsaacson,whocoauthoredthepaper.“Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise,improvedsleepanddiet,andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.Thisstudyclearlystressestheneedforadditionallargerstudiestobeabletobetterpredictthebaselinecognitivetrailinagingfemalesversusmales,”saidRudolphTanzi,aprofessorofneurologyatHarvardMedicalSchool,“Asweaimtofindwaystoblockoutthisdiseaseintheearlystage,wewillneedtoknowifpreventionandtreatmentstrategieswillworkequallyonbothmenandwomen.Thisnewstudyclearlybringsusabigstepclosertothatgoal,”Tanziadded.Findingthatwomenwereabletoreducetheirriskevenmorethanmeniswelcomenews,asitprovidesapromisingareaforfuturestudyandgiveshopethatwomencantipthebattleagainstAlzheimer'sintheirfavor.“Bytreatingpeopleinanevidencebasedyetsafeway,usingvariouslifestylesandmedicalinterventions,we'veshownthatyoucanreallymakeanimpactonbrainhealth,”hesaid.8.Whatcanweknowfromparagraph1?A.AgeandgeneticshavenoimpactonAlzheimer’s.B.Alzheimer’shasnothingtodowithsexdifference.C.WomenaremorelikelytodevelopAlzheimer’sthanmen.D.BeingawomandecreasesthechanceofdevelopingAlzheimer’s.9.WhatisIsaacson’sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?A.Indifferent. B.Opposed. C.Ignorant. D.Positive.10.WhatcanaffectbrainhealthaccordingtoTanzi?A.Lifestylechanges. B.Highereducation.C.livingenvironment D.Personalexperience.11.Whereisthetextlikelyfrom?A.Anovel. B.Amagazine. C.Abrochure. D.Atravelguide.〖答案〗8.C9.D10.A11.B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更容易患阿爾茨海默病并指出個(gè)性化的生活方式干預(yù)能夠降低男女患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。【8題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Afterageandgenetics,beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(在年齡和基因之后，女性是患阿爾茨海默病的唯一最重要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。)”可知，女性的性別因素對(duì)于患阿爾茨海默病的影響排在年齡和基因之后，由此可知，女性比男性更容易患阿爾茨海默病。故選C?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的““OurindividuallytailoredinterventionsledtogreaterimprovementsinwomencomparedtomenacrossriskscalesforAlzheimer'sandcardiovasculardisease,”saidIsaacson,whocoauthoredthepaper.(該論文的合著者艾薩克森說(shuō)：“與男性相比，我們量身定制的干預(yù)措施在阿爾茨海默氏癥和心血管疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等級(jí)上取得了更大的改善?！?

”可知，艾薩克森對(duì)這項(xiàng)新研究的態(tài)度是積極的。故選D?！?0題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Lifestylechangessuchasincreasedexercise,improvedsleepanddiet,andreducedstresscanimpactbrainhealth.

(生活方式的改變，比如增加鍛煉、改善睡眠和飲食、減輕壓力，都會(huì)影響大腦健康。)”可知，根據(jù)Tanzi的說(shuō)法，改變生活方式會(huì)影響大腦健康。故選A?！?1題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的“Afterageandgenetics,beingawomanisthesinglemostimportantriskfactorfordevelopingAlzheimer’sdisease(在年齡和基因之后，女性是患阿爾茨海默病的唯一最重要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。)”和第二段的“University’sSchmidtCollegeofMedicine.Now,anewstudyhasgoodnewswhenitcomestogivingwomenachancetoreducetheirincreasedrisk,Personalizedlifestyleinterventions-suchasdiet,exercise,stressreductionandsleephygienewereabletoreduceAlzheimer'sriskfactorsinbothsexes,buttheyworkedevenbetterinwomen.(施密特大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院?，F(xiàn)在，一項(xiàng)新的研究給女性帶來(lái)了好消息，個(gè)性化的生活方式干預(yù)——比如飲食、鍛煉、減輕壓力和睡眠衛(wèi)生——能夠降低男女患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，但對(duì)女性效果更好。)”可知，文章主要講述了研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女性比男性更容易患阿爾茨海默病并指出個(gè)性化的生活方式干預(yù)能夠降低男女患阿爾茨海默病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，因此文章出自醫(yī)學(xué)類的雜志。故選B。DAnewstudyfindsthatbirdspecieswithextremeoruncommoncombinationsoftraits(特征)facethehighestriskofextinction.ThestudyledbyresearchersatImperialCollegeLondonfindsthatthemostuniquebirdsontheplanetarealsothemostthreatened.Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.Thestudyanalyzedtheextinctionriskandphysicaltraits,suchasbeakshapeandwinglength,of99%ofalllivingbirdspecies,makingitthemostgeneralstudyofitskindtodate.Theresearchersfoundthatinsimulatedscenarios(模擬場(chǎng)景)inwhichallthreatenedandnear-threatenedbirdspeciesbecameextinct,therewouldbeasignificantlygreaterreductioninthephysicaldiversityamongbirdsthaninscenarioswhereextinctionswererandom(隨機(jī)的).JaromeAli,aPhDcandidateatPrincetonUniversitywhocompletedtheresearchatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Ourstudyshowsthatextinctionswillmostlikelyprunealargepercentageofuniquespeciesfromthebirdfamilytree.Losingtheseuniquespecieswillmeanalossofthespecializedrolesthattheyplayinecosystems.Ifwedonottakeactiontoprotectthreatenedspeciesandpreventextinctions,thefunctioningofecosystemswillbethrownintodisorder.”Inthestudy,theauthorsusedadatasetofmeasurementscollectedfromlivingbirdsandmuseumspecimens,totalling9,943birdspecies.AlthoughthedatasetusedinthestudywasabletoshowthatthemostuniquebirdswerealsoclassifiedasthreatenedontheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies,itwasunabletoshowwhatlinksuniquenessinbirdstoextinctionrisk.JaromeAlisaid,“Onepossibilityisthathighlyspecializedorganismsarelessabletoadapttoachangingenvironment,inwhichcasehumanimpactsmaydirectlythreatenspecieswiththemostunusualecologicalroles.Moreresearchisneededtodivedeeperintotheconnectionbetweenuniquetraitsandextinctionrisk.”12.Accordingtoresearchers,whatmaythelossofuniquebirdsleadto?A.Thereductionofcertainresearch.B.Thedamagetoecosystemfunction,C.Thedevelopmentofecologicaltourism.D.Thebetterlivingenvironmentofhumanrace.13.Whatmaytheunderlinedword“prune”meaninparagraph3?A.Cutout. B.Pickup. C.Getin. D.Addto.14.Whatdoresearchersneedtoexploreinthefuture?A.Human’simpactsonuniquebirds.B.Thepartsuniquetraitsplayinbirds’life.C.Linksofuniquenessinbirdstoextinctionrisk.D.Theapproachestopreventingbirds’extinction.15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.SomebirdswithspecialphysicaltraitsB.KeyrolesuniquebirdsplayinecosystemsC.MeasurestoprotectthreateneduniquebirdsD.Moreuniquebirdsathigherriskofextinction〖答案〗12.B13.A14.C15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有獨(dú)特特征的鳥(niǎo)類面臨更高的滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，其消失可能對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能造成嚴(yán)重影響，保護(hù)這些瀕危物種至關(guān)重要，以維持生態(tài)平衡。【12題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.(失去這些物種及其在環(huán)境中發(fā)揮的獨(dú)特作用，如種子傳播、授粉和捕食，可能會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。)”可知，根據(jù)研究人員的說(shuō)法，獨(dú)特鳥(niǎo)類的消失可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的破壞。故選B?！?3題詳析】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段的“JaromeAli,aPhDcandidateatPrincetonUniversitywhocompletedtheresearchatImperialCollegeLondon,said,“Ourstudyshowsthatextinctionswillmostlikely

prunealargepercentageofuniquespeciesfromthebirdfamilytree.Losingtheseuniquespecieswillmeanalossofthespecializedrolesthattheyplayinecosystems.Ifwedonottakeactiontoprotectthreatenedspeciesandpreventextinctions,thefunctioningofecosystemswillbethrownintodisorder.”(普林斯頓大學(xué)的博士候選人JaromeAli在倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院完成了這項(xiàng)研究，他說(shuō)：“我們的研究表明，滅絕很可能會(huì)從鳥(niǎo)類家譜中……很大比例的獨(dú)特物種。失去這些獨(dú)特的物種將意味著失去它們?cè)谏鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮的特殊作用。如果我們不采取行動(dòng)保護(hù)瀕危物種，防止物種滅絕，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能將陷入混亂?！?

”可知，劃線詞與“Losingtheseuniquespecies”同義，則意為“

切掉，刪掉，刪除”，“cutout”可以解釋劃線詞，即滅絕很可能會(huì)從鳥(niǎo)類家譜中去除很大比例的獨(dú)特物種。故選A?！?4題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“JaromeAlisaid,“Onepossibilityisthathighlyspecializedorganismsarelessabletoadapttoachangingenvironment,inwhichcasehumanimpactsmaydirectlythreatenspecieswiththemostunusualecologicalroles.Moreresearchisneededtodivedeeperintotheconnectionbetweenuniquetraitsandextinctionrisk,”(JaromeAli說(shuō)：“一種可能性是高度特化的生物適應(yīng)不斷變化的環(huán)境的能力較差，在這種情況下，人類的影響可能直接威脅到具有最不尋常生態(tài)作用的物種。需要更多的研究來(lái)深入研究獨(dú)特特征和滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的聯(lián)系?！?”可知，未來(lái)研究人員需要探索鳥(niǎo)類的獨(dú)特性與滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的聯(lián)系。故選C?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段的“Anewstudyfindsthatbirdspecieswithextremeoruncommoncombinationsoftraitsfacethehighestriskofextinction,ThestudyledbyresearchersatImperialCollegeLondonfindsthatthemostuniquebirdsontheplanetarealsothemostthreatened.Losingthesespeciesandtheuniquerolestheyplayintheenvironment,suchasseedspread,pollinationandpredation,couldhavenegativeimpactsonthefunctioningofecosystems.(一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，具有極端或罕見(jiàn)特征組合的鳥(niǎo)類面臨著最高的滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。由倫敦帝國(guó)理工學(xué)院的研究人員領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，地球上最獨(dú)特的鳥(niǎo)類也是最受威脅的。失去這些物種及其在環(huán)境中發(fā)揮的獨(dú)特作用，如種子傳播、授粉和捕食，可能會(huì)對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的功能產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。)”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，擁有獨(dú)特特征的鳥(niǎo)類面臨更高的滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，其消失可能對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能造成嚴(yán)重影響，保護(hù)這些瀕危物種至關(guān)重要，以維持生態(tài)平衡，因此D項(xiàng)(更多獨(dú)特的鳥(niǎo)類面臨更高的滅絕風(fēng)險(xiǎn))適合作為標(biāo)題，故選D。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。WonderingwhatyoucandotocelebrateEarthDayonApril22?We’vemadealistoffunandenvironmentally-consciousEarthDayactivitiestohelpraiseawarenessandmakeadifference.Walkorrideyourbike.___16___Eachdaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommittowalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalkingorbiking,tryenvironmentally-consciouspublictransportationlikebuses,trains,orshuttles.Carryreusableplasticorclothbags.Mostplasticbagsareusedforabout10-20minutes,onlytoendupinalandfillforhundredsofyears.___17___Sousereusablegrocerybagswhenyougotothesupermarketorwhenyou’rebuyingitemsatanystore.___18___Youcandothisasanindividualorjoinacommunitygroup.Manylocalenvironmentalgroupsorganizebiggereventswhereyoucanjoinateamandclearroadways,highways,andneighborhoodstreetsoflitter,soseeifyourlocalcommunityishostinganything.Takingamomenttopickupanylitteryouseeasyou’reoutandaboutonEarthDayishelpfulandeasytodo.AttendalocalEarthDayevent.Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself!___19___Anymoneyraisedcangotowardsalocalenvironmentalrestorationprojectorgroup.Turnofflightswhenyou’renotusingthem.Turnofflampsandoverheadlightswheneveryouleavearoomoryourhouse.Electricityoftencomesfromfossilfuelsthatcontributetoclimatechange.___20___A.Pickuplitterinyourcommunity.B.Joinavolunteeractivitytohelpacommunity.C.Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmtotheenvironment.D.Sincehumansuse4trillionplasticbagsayear,thisisabigproblem.E.SousingaslittleelectricityaspossibleisagreatwaytohelptheEarth.F.Landfillsarealreadyoverflowing,sotrytoavoidaddingtothatsituation.G.It’stheperfectdaytogettogetherforafunandeducationalcelebrationoftheEarth.〖答案〗16.C17.D18.A19.G20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章為想慶祝地球日的讀者介紹了一些可以參與的活動(dòng)?！?6題詳析】由下文“Eachdaycanmakeadifference,butifyoucancommittowalkingorbikingmoreofteninthefuture,that’sevenbetter!Ifyourdailycommute(通勤)istoofarforwalkingorbiking,tryenvironmentally-consciouspublictransportationlikebuses,trains,orshuttles.(每天可以發(fā)揮作用，但如果你能致力于在未來(lái)更經(jīng)常地步行或騎自行車，那就更好了！如果你每天上下班的路程太遠(yuǎn)，不適合步行或騎自行車，試試環(huán)保的公共交通工具，比如公共汽車、火車或班車)”可知，此段落的主題是不使用汽車，鼓勵(lì)步行或騎自行車出行，以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，故C選項(xiàng)“Goingcar-freeforthedaywillreduceharmtotheenvironment.(一天不使用汽車可以減少對(duì)環(huán)境的危害)”能引起下文，符合題意。故選C。【17題詳析】由上文“Carryreusableplasticorclothbags.Mostplasticbagsareusedforabout10-20minutes,onlytoendupinalandfillforhundredsofyears.(攜帶可重復(fù)使用的塑料袋或布袋。大多數(shù)塑料袋使用大約10-20分鐘，最終被扔進(jìn)垃圾填埋場(chǎng)數(shù)百年)”可知，本段強(qiáng)調(diào)使用可重復(fù)使用的袋子的重要性，本空要介紹與“使用的塑料袋”有關(guān)的話題，故D選項(xiàng)“Sincehumansuse4trillionplasticbagsayear,thisisabigproblem.(每年人類使用4萬(wàn)億個(gè)塑料袋，這是一個(gè)大問(wèn)題。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選D。【18題詳析】由下文“Youcandothisasanindividualorjoinacommunitygroup.Manylocalenvironmentalgroupsorganizebiggereventswhereyoucanjoinateamandclearroadways,highways,andneighborhoodstreetsoflitter,soseeifyourlocalcommunityishostinganything.Takingamomenttopickupanylitteryouseeasyou’reoutandaboutonEarthDayishelpfulandeasytodo.(你可以作為個(gè)人或加入一個(gè)社區(qū)團(tuán)體。許多當(dāng)?shù)氐沫h(huán)保組織組織了更大的活動(dòng)，你可以加入一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)，清理道路、高速公路和附近街道上的垃圾，所以看看你當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐓^(qū)是否會(huì)舉辦任何活動(dòng)?；c(diǎn)時(shí)間撿起你在地球日外出時(shí)看到的垃圾，這很有幫助，也很容易做到)”可知，本空要說(shuō)跟“撿拾垃圾”有關(guān)的話題，故A選項(xiàng)“Pickuplitterinyourcommunity.(在你的社區(qū)里撿垃圾。)”能引起下文，適合作為段落主題句，符合題意。故選A?！?9題詳析】由上文“AttendalocalEarthDayevent.Seeifyourcommunityisholdinganenvironmentalfair.Ifyourcommunitydoesn’thaveoneplanned,considerstartingoneyourself!

(參加當(dāng)?shù)氐牡厍蛉栈顒?dòng)?？纯茨愕纳鐓^(qū)是否正在舉辦環(huán)境博覽會(huì)。如果你的社區(qū)沒(méi)有這樣的計(jì)劃，考慮自己創(chuàng)建一個(gè)！)”可知，本空要談?wù)撨@一天的特殊意義，故G選項(xiàng)“It’stheperfectdaytogettogetherforafunandeducationalcelebrationoftheEarth.(這是一個(gè)完美的一天，可以聚在一起慶祝地球的有趣和教育。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選G。【20題詳析】由上文“Turnofflightswhenyou’renotusingthem.Turnofflampsandoverheadlightswheneveryouleavearoomoryourhouse.Electricityoftencomesfromfossilfuelsthatcontributetoclimatechange.

(不用燈的時(shí)候把燈關(guān)掉。當(dāng)你離開(kāi)房間或你的房子時(shí)，關(guān)掉燈和頂燈。電力通常來(lái)自導(dǎo)致氣候變化的化石燃料)”可知，本空要總結(jié)節(jié)約用電的好處，故E選項(xiàng)“SousingaslittleelectricityaspossibleisagreatwaytohelptheEarth.(因此，盡可能少地使用電力是幫助地球的好方法。)”能承接上文，符合題意。故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep___21___,spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient___22___.Spear’sinterestinChinabeganduringcollegewhenhetookaclasstaughtbyaChinese___23___.Hisinterest___24___whenhemethiswife-to-be,Tang,in1980,andmarriedhertwoyearslater.Hesaysthatitwas___25___thatledhimtosettlebeneaththeGreatWall.Inthe1990s,heandhiswifediscoveredtheirfuturehomeinMutianyuafterachanceto___26___LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.Asanarchitect,Spearusedhisexpertisetorenewhisdreamhouse,whichcamewith___27___viewsoftheGreatWall.Moreover,thearchitectexploredwaysofsupportingruralresidents.In___28___ofhiscontributions,SpearwasgiventheGreatWallFriendshipAwardbytheBeijinggovernmentin2014.“TheGreatWall___29___meinmanywaystothisveryday,”hesayswhenaskedifhisarchitecturalwork___30___inspirationfromtheimpressivestructure.However,hestressesthat___31___aGreatWallstyledoesn’tmeanbuildingdefence,butratherthathisapproachconcernsdesignsthatecho(與……有共同特征)thewall,butdon’t___32___it.SpearseesplentyofpossibilitiesinChina,drivenbysignificantinternaldemandandagrowingfocuson___33___historicalstructures.HisloveforChinais___34___alive.“___35___ofmyheartisintheUSandalwayswillbe.ButtherestisinChinaandIlovelivinghere.IlikeChina,”hesays.21.A.wiser B.further C.faster D.higher22.A.wonder B.area C.image D.figure23.A.explorer B.reminder C.guide D.specialist24.A.deepened B.fastened C.applied D.addicted25.A.ignorance B.duty C.fortune D.goal26.A.goafter B.comeacross C.arguewith D.callout27.A.political B.challenging C.various D.odd28.A.effort B.recognition C.advantage D.change29.A.signals B.signs C.inspires D.proves30.A.warns B.responds C.approaches D.draws31.A.instructing B.influencing C.following D.promoting32.A.copy B.compare C.replace D.record33.A.preserving B.spotting C.containing D.selecting34.A.normally B.extremely C.regularly D.naturally35.A.Joy B.Shape C.Pain D.Part〖答案〗21.B22.A23.D24.A25.C26.B27.C28.B29.C30.D31.C32.A33.A34.B35.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文的體裁是記敘文。本文講述了JimSpear對(duì)中國(guó)、特別是長(zhǎng)城的熱愛(ài)和他在中國(guó)的生活經(jīng)歷，包括他如何與妻子相遇、如何在中國(guó)定居、他的建筑設(shè)計(jì)工作以及他對(duì)中國(guó)的深厚感情?！?1題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，沿著長(zhǎng)城行走是一生一次的夢(mèng)想，但JimSpear更進(jìn)一步，在過(guò)去的18年里，他住在這個(gè)古老奇跡下面的一個(gè)村莊里。A.wiser更明智；B.further更遠(yuǎn)；C.faster更快；D.higher更高。根據(jù)上文的“WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany,butJimSpearhastakenitonestep”和下文的“spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient”可知，沿著長(zhǎng)城行走是一生一次的夢(mèng)想，JimSpear不止是沿著長(zhǎng)城行走，而是更進(jìn)一步，在過(guò)去的18年里，他住在這個(gè)古老奇跡下面的一個(gè)村莊里。故選B。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，沿著長(zhǎng)城行走是一生一次的夢(mèng)想，但JimSpear更進(jìn)一步，在過(guò)去的18年里，他住在這個(gè)古老奇跡下面的一個(gè)村莊里。A.wonder奇跡，好奇；B.area區(qū)域；C.image圖像；D.figure人物。根據(jù)上文的“WalkingalongtheGreatWallisaonce-in-a-lifetimedreamformany”和“spendingthelast18yearslivinginavillagebeneaththeancient”可知，JimSpear住在長(zhǎng)城下面的一個(gè)村莊里，即長(zhǎng)城下面這個(gè)古老奇跡下面的一個(gè)村莊里。故選A?！?3題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Spear對(duì)中國(guó)的興趣始于大學(xué)期間，當(dāng)時(shí)他參加了一位中國(guó)專家教授的課程。A.explorer探險(xiǎn)家；B.reminder提醒者；C.guide導(dǎo)游，指導(dǎo)者；D.specialist專家。根據(jù)上文的“whenhetookaclasstaughtbyaChinese”可知，大學(xué)期間他參加了一個(gè)課程，所以可推知是一位中國(guó)專家教授的課程。故選D?！?4題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：1980年，當(dāng)他遇到他的未婚妻唐時(shí)，他的興趣加深了，并在兩年后結(jié)婚。A.deepened加深；B.fastened固定；C.applied應(yīng)用；D.addicted上癮。根據(jù)下文的“whenhemethiswife-to-be,Tang,in1980,andmarriedhertwoyearslater”和“Hesaysthatitwas______thatledhimtosettlebeneaththeGreatWall.”可知，他的興趣比在大學(xué)時(shí)加深了，導(dǎo)致最后定居在長(zhǎng)城腳下。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他說(shuō)是運(yùn)氣讓他在長(zhǎng)城下定居下來(lái)的。A.ignorance無(wú)知；B.duty責(zé)任；C.fortune幸運(yùn)；D.goal目標(biāo)。根據(jù)下文的“Inthe1990s,heandhiswifediscoveredtheirfuturehomeinMutianyuafterachanceto______LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.”可知，他和妻子偶然遇到了李豐泉，李豐泉試圖賣(mài)給他一件T恤，后來(lái)他們?cè)谀教镉业搅宋磥?lái)的家。所以他覺(jué)得是運(yùn)氣讓他在長(zhǎng)城下定居下來(lái)的。故選C。【26題詳析】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：上世紀(jì)90年代，他和妻子偶然遇到了李豐泉，李豐泉試圖賣(mài)給他一件T恤，后來(lái)他們?cè)谀教镉业搅宋磥?lái)的家。A.goafter追求；B.comeacross偶遇；C.arguewith與……爭(zhēng)論；D.callout大聲叫喊。根據(jù)下文的“LiFengquan,whotriedtosellhimaT-shirt.”可知，李豐泉試圖賣(mài)給他一件T恤，可推知他們以前不認(rèn)識(shí)，所以他們是偶然遇到。故選B。【27題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名建筑師，