考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷8（共521題）

考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷8（共9套）（共521題）考博英語(yǔ)模擬試卷第1套一、詞匯(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)1、Conditionswere______treesvirtuallydisappearedfromtheinland,and40%ofAustraliawastransformedintoavastactivedunefield.A、sofarasthatB、sofartherastoC、soextremethatD、sonumerousthat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：程度短語(yǔ)不要與同級(jí)形容詞比較關(guān)系混淆，根據(jù)語(yǔ)義應(yīng)選C。2、AmongthemanyopenresearchquestionsonMTBEarehowitismetabolized,______thelevelsofexposureinthegeneralpopulationare.A、butwhatB、andwhatC、buthowD、andwhy標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：需要what從句結(jié)構(gòu)。3、Basedontheirreview,theUniversityofCaliforniaresearchersconcludedthatMTBEisananimalvirus______causecancerinhumans.A、withoutdoubttoB、withoutquestiontoC、withtheintentiontoD、withthepotentialto標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：thepotential意為“可能性”、“潛力”，更符合題意。4、Iftheadditivesare______,theUniversityofCaliforniaresearchersrecommendedcautioninapprovinganyalternatives.A、postponedupB、phasedupC、phrasedupD、phasedout標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞組搭配題目。5、Additionofanychemicalcompoundtotheenvironmentinquantities______asignificantfractionofthetotalcontentofgasolinemayhaveunexpectedenvironmentalconsequences.A、thatconstituteB、whichconstitutesC、thataresubstitutedbyD、whichsubstitute標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)要求時(shí)態(tài)統(tǒng)一，故選A。6、Communicationskillsseemtocountforlittleincomparisonwithreputation______invitationstospeak.A、whenitcametoB、whencausingC、whenitcomestoD、whileresultingfrom標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C為固定句型的用法。7、Viewerssimplycanwatchwhatison______apresentationviaakeyboard,touchscreenormouse.A、andpressonB、orinteractwithC、bypressingD、orinterpretto標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：選擇關(guān)系和結(jié)構(gòu)兩個(gè)方面考慮都需要B。8、Psychologistsclearlyhavetheirownmarketplaceand,______,haveaholdonthemajorportionoftheoutpatientservicesrenderedtothepublic.A、asstatedearlierB、statingearlierC、asisstatedD、aswasstated標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：A表示“如前所述”之意。9、TheculturalchangeinBritishscienceoverthepastfiveyearsmeansthat-additionalfundingisnowmoreimportantthanever______itisnolongerrequired.A、butthatB、notinthatC、orthatD、notthat標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：D表示“而不在于……”。10、______,thedistinctionbetweencreatorsandusersofcorporatetelevisionisblurring.A、WhateverthecaseisB、WhichevercasebeC、WhateverthecaseD、Whatthecaseis標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：表示“無(wú)論什么情況”須用C。11、Theriseinstockpriceshasbeendrivenlargelybyimprovementsintheeconomy,principallyrising______profits,fallinginflation,andfallinginterestrates.A、corporateB、correspondC、corroborateD、corrode標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：“合作”方面的詞語(yǔ)是必考詞語(yǔ)，應(yīng)給予注意。12、Wehaveseenlife-sayingmedicaldevices______themarketbythecrushingcostsoflitigation.A、forcedoffB、forcedopenC、forcedawayinD、forcedourwayout標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：動(dòng)詞詞組固定用法。13、Manyreportedthatthegeneralmilitarymessagetheyreceivedwasthat,asnurses,theywereexpectedtobe______strong.A、empiricallyB、emotionallyC、emulouslyD、eminently標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：全句語(yǔ)意需要B。14、Governmentswillbeinvitedto______theassessment’stechnicalleadauthors.A、normalizeB、notifyC、nominateD、notate標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：句意和詞語(yǔ)搭配都需要選C。15、Asideformthelegalconsiderations,ethicalprincipleswillneedrevisionifpsychologistsaregranted______.A、nursingrightsB、visitingrightsC、descriptiveprivilegesD、prescriptionprivileges標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配都需要選D。16、UnliketheirseniorswhorememberaworldwithoutTV,theyareas______insoundsandimagerasintheprintedword,andasoftenasnot,prefertodobusinessthatway.A、literaryB、literateC、literalD、literacy標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：從句意和詞語(yǔ)搭配兩方面看都需要選B。17、Videoevencanbeintegratedwithtexttoproduce______andanimateddocuments.A、long-livedB、livelongC、live-actionD、livening標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C表示“實(shí)況活動(dòng)”，符合題意。18、Thebillwouldestablishprotectionagainst—andcriminaland______penaltiesfor—theimproperdisclosureofprotectedpatientinformation.A、domesticB、homelyC、internalD、civil標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配需要選D。19、Suchrecordsandspecimens______eitherpatientnamesorcodesthatwouldultimatelyallowpatientidentification.A、carryB、bringC、takeD、fetch標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配需要選A。20、Alternatively,researchersseekingaccesstoidentifiable,recordsorspecimenscanuse"expedited"IRBreview,inwhichoneboardmemberis______torapidlyapprovesuchstudies.A、controlledB、enrolledC、enlistedD、authorized標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配需要選D。21、Newtechnologiescontinuetobeadrivingforce,asdevelopmentsinsatellites,digitalvideo,and______multimediathathaveyettoworktheirwayintobroadcastorcablearebecomingessentialtocorporateTVoperations.A、two-wayB、interactiveC、two-sidedD、mutual標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句的含義有“互動(dòng)性的”意思，不只是A“雙方的”、D“雙向的”和C“雙邊的”的意思。22、Byaddingafewcomponents,theycanedittapeandcreateanarrayofgraphicsandvisualeffectsthatare______fromsystemscostingfiveto10timesasmuch.A、nearlyconsiderableB、barelydistinguishableC、rarelydistinctiveD、scarcelyconfused標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句的含義有否定意義，故選B。23、Indeed,withcomputersasbasicasaMacintosh,producerscanwritescripts,budgetproductions,and______schedulesandlocationsallonthesamemachine.A、keeptrackofB、keepupwithC、keepawayfromD、keepabreastwith標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)意要求A是正確答案。24、Sadly,theissueofpaywastheonlyoneofasetof______efficiency-raisingrecommendationsputforwardbytheHRKtohavereceivedsignificantattentionfromthegrassrootsacademiccommunity.A、senselessB、sensitiveC、sensibleD、sensory標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題為近義詞辨析，需要用排除法。25、Inparticular,therectors’callforuniversitiestoabandonHabilitation,apost-doctoralqualificationtraditionallyrequiredtojoinprofessorialranks,wasgreetedwitha______silence.A、returningB、repeatingC、reboundingD、resounding標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題為近義詞辨析，需要用排除法。26、"Thesedays,executivesaremorefastidiousaboutpresentationandpersona,"indicatesJackHilton,whoseNewYork-basedconsultingfirmadvisestopmanagement______television.A、byuseofB、intheusageofC、bytheusingofD、inuseof標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題介詞短語(yǔ)的慣用法。27、Ifthetradedeficitreallyisoneofthenation’smostpressingproblems,thesurestandswiftestwaytotackleitwouldbe______adeeprecession.A、toengineerB、tosteerC、tofacilitateD、tobalance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此題考名詞的多義性，這是一類常考的題眼。28、Anunderstandingoftheall-importantroleofinvestmentflowsshouldliberatetradepolicyfromits______focusonthecurrentaccountbalance.A、obviousB、obtainableC、obsessiveD、obstinate標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：要想答對(duì)形容詞使用題目，除了考慮詞語(yǔ)搭配，還需要平時(shí)積累應(yīng)試題眼。29、Hethinksthattheecosystemsassessmentwillfarebetterifitisintendedas"guidanceonlyandisnotinanywayan______measure."A、obtuseB、obligatoryC、obscureD、oblivious標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句含義要求為B。30、Thesubstance______easilythroughgroundwater,andsomecommunitieshaveexperiencedacuteepisodesofwaterpollutionafterundergroundstoragetanksruptured.A、perfusesB、perscussesC、percolatesD、perforates標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：C選項(xiàng)是個(gè)超綱詞匯，有時(shí)需要語(yǔ)感的判斷。二、閱讀理解(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard."Thereisadirectrelationship,"UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,"betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath."Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar."Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,"DrDustaninsists."Formostofusitprobablydoesn'tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat."Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced."Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,"notesDrJohnH.Laragh."Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense."Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable"moderation"insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissatallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal"lowsalt"exponent,DrArthurHullHayes,Jradmitsthat"wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension."Infact,thereisgrowingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium;obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium);geneticpredisposition;stress."Itisnotyourenemy,"saysDrLaragh."SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon'tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup."31、Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析32、FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析33、Inthethirdparagraph,DrLaraghimpliesthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析34、Thephrase"vocal...exponent"(line2,paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析Fewpeopledoubtthefundamentalimportanceofmothersinchild-rearing,butwhatdofathersdo?Muchofwhattheycontributeissimplytheresultofbeingasecondadultinthehome.Bringingupchildrenisdemanding,stressfulandexhausting.Twoadultscansupportandmakeupforeachother'sdeficienciesandbuildoneachother'sstrengths.Fathersalsobringanarrayofuniquequalities.Somearefamiliar:protectorandrolemodel.Teen-ageboyswithoutfathersarenotoriouslypronetotrouble.Thepathwaytoadulthoodfordaughtersissomewhateasier,buttheymuststilllearnfromtheirfathers,inwaystheycannotfromtheirmothers,howtorelatetomen.Theylearnfromtheirfathersaboutheterosexualtrust,intimacyanddifference.Theylearntoappreciatetheirownfemininityfromtheonemalewhoismostspecialintheirlives.Mostimportant,throughlovingandbeinglovedbytheirfathers,theylearnthattheyarelove-worthy.Currentresearchgivesmuchdeeper-andmoresurprising-insightintothefather'sroleinchild-rearing.Onesignificantlyoverlookeddimensionoffatheringisplay.Formtheirchildren'sbirththroughadolescence,fatherstendtoemphasizeplaymorethancare-taking.Thefather'sstyleofplayislikelytobebothphysicallystimulatingandexciting.Witholderchildrenitinvolvesmoreteamwork,requiringcompetitivetestingofphysicalandmentalskills.Itfrequentlyresemblesateachingrelationship:comeon,letmeshowyouhow.Mothersplaymoreatthechild'slevel.Theyseemwillingtoletthechilddirectplay.Kids,atleastintheearlyyears,seemtoprefertoplaywithdaddy.Inonestudyof21or22year-oldswhoweregivenachoice,morethantwo-thirdschosetoplaywiththeirfather.Thewayfathersplayhaseffectsoneverythingfromthemanagementofemotionstointelligenceandacademicachievement.Itisparticularlyimportantinpromotingself-control.Accordingtooneexpert,"childrenwhoroughhousewiththeirfathersquicklylearnthatbiting,kickingandotherformsofphysicalviolencearenotacceptable."Theylearnwhento"shutitdown."Atplayandinotherrealms,fatherstendtostresscompetition,challenge,initiative,risktakingandindependence.Mothers,ascaretakers,stressemotionalsecurityandpersonalsafety.Ontheplaygroundfathersoftentrytogetthechildtoswingeverhigher,whilemothersarecautious,worryingaboutanaccident.Weknow,too,thatfathers'involvementseemstobelinkedtoimprovedverbalandproblem-solvingskillsandhigheracademicachievement.Severalstudiesfoundthatalongwithpaternalstrictness,theamountoftimefathersspentreadingwiththemwasastrongpredictoroftheirdaughters'verbalability.Forsonstheresultshavebeenequallystriking.Studiesuncoveredastrongrelationshipbetweenfathers'involvementandthemathematicalabilitiesoftheirsons.Otherstudiesfoundarelationshipbetweenpaternalnurturingandboy'sverbalintelligence.35、Thefirstparagraphpointsoutthatoneoftheadvantagesofafamilywithbothparentsis______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析36、Accordingtoparagraph3,onesignificantdifferencebetweenthefather’sandmother’sroleinchild-rearingis______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析37、Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析38、Studiesinvestigatingfathers’involvementinchild-rearingshowthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析Itisagenerallawinpolitics,thatthepowermosttobedistrusted,isthatwhich,possessingthegreatestforce,istheleastresponsible.UndertheconstitutionalmonarchiesofEurope,(astheyexistintheoryatleast,)thekingbesidesunitinginhissinglepersonalltheauthorityoftheexecutive,whichincludesapowertomakewar,createpeers,andunconditionallytonameallemployments,hasanequalinfluenceinenactinglaws,hisvetobeingabsolute;butinAmerica,theexecutive,besidesbeingelective,isstrippedofmostofthesehighsourcesofinfluence,andisobligedtokeepconstantlyinviewthejusticeand.legalityofhisacts,bothonaccountofhisdirectresponsibilities,andonaccountoftheforceofpublicopinion.Inthiscountry,thereisfarmoretoapprehendfromCongress,thanfromtheexecutive,asisseeninthefollowingreasons:—Congressiscomposedofmany,whiletheexecutiveisone,bodiesofmennotoriouslyactingwithlesspersonalresponsibilitiesthanindividuals;congresshaspowertoenactlaws,whichitbecomesthedutyoftheexecutivetoseeenforced,andtherallylegislativeauthorityofacountryisalwaysitsgreatestauthority;fromthedecisionsandconstructionsoftheexecutive,thecitizencanalwaysappealtothecourtsforprotection,butnoappealcanliefromtheactsofcongress,exceptonthegroundsofunconstitutionality,theexecutivehasdirectpersonalresponsibilitiesunderthelawsoftheland,foranyabusesofhisauthority,butthememberofcongressunlessguiltyofopencorruption,isalmostbeyondpersonalliabilities.Itfollowsthatthelegislatureofthiscountry,bytheintentionoftheconstitution,wieldsthehighestauthorityundertheleastresponsibility,andthatitisthepowermosttobedistrusted.Still,allwhopossesstrusts,aretobediligentlywatched,forthereisnoprotectionagainstabuseswithoutresponsibility,noranyrealresponsibility,withoutvigilance.Politicalpartisans,whoaretooapttomistaketheimpulsesoftheirownhostilitiesandfriendshipsfortruths,havelaiddownmanyfalseprinciplesonthesubjectofthedutiesoftheexecutive.Whenalawispassed,itgoestotheexecutiveforexecution,throughtheexecutiveagents,and,atneedtothecourtsforinterpretation.Itwouldseemthatthereisnodiscretionvestedintheexecutiveconcerningtheconstitutionalityofalaw.Ifhedistruststheconstitutionalityofanylaw,hecansetforthhisobjectionsbyresortingtotheveto;butitisclearlytheintentionofthesystemthatthewholelegislativepower,inthelastresort,shallabideincongress,whileitisnecessarytotheregularactionofthegovernment,thatnoneofitsagents,butthosewhoareespeciallyappointedforthatpurpose,shallpretendtointerprettheconstitution,inpractice.Thecitizenisdifferentlysituated.Ifheconceiveshimselfoppressedbyanunconstitutionallaw,itishisinalienableprivilegetoraisethequestionbeforethecourts,whereafinalinterpretationcanbehad.Bythisinterpretationtheexecutiveandallhisagentsareequallyboundtoabide.Thisobligationarisesfromthenecessityofthings,aswellasfromthenatureoftheinstitutions.Theremustbesomewhereapowertodecideontheconstitutionalityoflaws,andthispowerisvestedinthesupremecourtoftheUnitedStates,onfinalappeal.39、Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthispassageistoindicate______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析40、Accordingtotheauthor,itisnotthepresident’sresponsibilityto______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析41、ThestrengthofCongressliesinitsnumbersbecause______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析42、Onedifferencebetweenaconstitutionalmonarchandthepresidentnotmentionedbytheauthoristhatthe______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析Humanbeings,unlikeoysters,frequentlyrevealtheiremotions.Andtheyareprolificatdiscoveringnew"rights."Todaytheyspeakoften,andcrossly,abouttheir"right"tohealth.Theyarepayingalotformedicineandarenotgettingallthattheythinktheyarepayingfor,aguaranteetoendlessbetterment.Theirdisappointmentisrootedinmistakeninferencesfromafewspectacularmedicalachievements.Twenty-fivesummersago,manychildrenwerekepthomefromtheatersthatwerepackedwithpeerswatchingRandolphScottcowboymovies.Manyparentswereafraid,andrightlyso,ofpolio.The-Salkvaccinemadesummerssafer,butthatachievementhasgivenrisetounreasonableexpectationbasedonthe"polioparadigm."Manypeopleassumethatadvancesinpublichealthhavegenerallyresultedfromaconquestofadiseasebyanewtechnology.Thisismisunderstandingofthesocialhistoryofhealth.WhenShakespeare,Coke,BaconandDrakewereadvancingdramaandpoetry,jurisprudence,experimentalscience,navigationandexploration,JohnDonne,whowasdoingasmuchforpoetryandpreaching,wasbeingtreatedforfeverbydoctorswhoplacedadeadpigeonathisfeettodraw"vapours"fromhisbrain.Untilthiscentury,medicinedevelopedslowly,inasocialsettinginwhichinfantmortalitywashigh,lifeexpectancywaslowevenforthosewhosurvivedchildhood,anddiagnosticandtherapeuticskillswerefew.Thesuddendevelopmentofsophisticatedmedicinehascoincided,infortunatesocieties,withsharpimprovementsininfantsurvivalandlifeexpectancy,andundreamed-offreedomfrommanydiseases.Asaresult,medicinehasbeengivenunduecreditformankind'sbetterment.Manypeoplebelievethatsociety'slevelofhealthdependsprimarilyonmedicaltreatmentofthesick.Buttherelationshipbetweenincreasedinvestmentinmedicineandimprovementsinhealthistenuous.Behaviorusuallyhasmoretodowithhowlongandhealthilypeoplelivethandoesthesoaringinvestmentinmedicaltreatmentstorestorehealth,ortoslowitsdecline.LeonKassoftheUniversityofChicagonotesthatotheranimals"instinctivelyeattherightfoods(whenavailable)andactinsuchawayastomaintaintheirnaturallygivenstateofhealthandvigor.Otheranimalsdonotovereat,undersleep,knowinglyingesttoxicsubstances,orpermittheirbodiestofallintodisusethroughsloth,watchingtelevisionandridinginautomobiles,transactingbusinessorwritingarticlesabouthealth."Forhumans,healthmustbenurturedby"tamingandmoderatingtheadmirableyetdangeroushumandesiretolivebetterthansowsandsquirrels."Soinoneway,itmakeslittlemoresensetoclaimarighttohealththantoclaimarighttowisdomorcourage.AsKasssays,inanagethathascrackedthegeneticcode,builtKidneymachines,andperformedorgantransplants,theideathatprudenceisthepathtohealthseemsbanal.Butthereismuchtobelearnedaboutthesociologyofhealth,suchaswhysomesubgroupsofthepopulationareespeciallyhealthy."Iftheincidenceofeachkindofcancercouldbereducedtothelevelatwhichitoccursinthepopulationinwhichitsincidenceislowest,therewouldbe90percentlesscancer.Recentstudiesshowthatcancersofallsorts—notonlycancersclearlycorrelatedwithsmokinganddninkiny—arelessfrequentamongtheclean-livingMormonsandSeventh-DayAventists."43、Intheauthor’sopinion,thereasonforpeople’sdiscontentabouttheirhealthconditionconsistsin______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析44、Itcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析45、Theword"tenuous"(4thparagraph)mostprobablymean______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析46、Thecomparisonbetweenhumansandotheranimalsismadetoshowthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析ThepsychologistEdwinG.Boringpreferred"currentofbelief"astheEnglishexpressionfortheGermanwordZeitgeist,usedbyGoethein1827todescribewhatcomestogetherinthemindsofmany"neitherbyagreementnorbyself-determinedunderthemultiplicityofclimatesofopinion."Thatcurrentrunsabovethemultipleconversationsconductedabouthowtointerpretthepast,howtoassessthepresent,andhowtopredictandprepareforthefuture.Formorethanacentury,socialsciencehasparticipatedinalloftheseconversations,informingtheclimatesofopinionthatshapesociety,culture,andpolitics.Writingontherelationshipbetweenpublicopinionand'representativegovernment,thehistorianLewisNamierasked,"Whereisittobefound?Andhowisittobeascertained?Howmanypeopleholdcleararticulateviewsevenaboutthemostimportantnationalconcerns?Andiftheirviewsareoriginalandwell-grounded,whatchanceisthereoftheirbeingrepresentative?"Social-scientificmethodhasimprovedournumericalunderstandingof"publicopinion,"butitistheuniqueresponsibilityofsocialscientiststoinformthatopinion,whetheritisrepresentativeornot.Namierunderstoodthatpublicopinion,thecurrentsofbelief,theZeitgeistwerecapableofhumblingthepowerful:"Thereissuchathingasalogicofideas,andideas,whenlookedatfromadistance,seemtohaveanindependentlifeandexistenceoftheirown;their'logic'istheoutcomeoftheslow,hardlyconsciousthinkingofthemasses,veryprimitive,simplifiedintheprocessofaccumulation,andinitsmassadvancedeprivedofallindividualfeatures,likethepebblesinariver-bed.Andthereissuchathingasamentalatmosphere,whichattimesbecomessoall-pervadingthathardlyanyonecanwithdrawhimselffromitsinfluence."Forexample,politicalassumptionsabouttheroleofgovernment,howeverdifferenttheymaybe,haveafamiliarideologicalstabilityaboutthem,evenasnumerousstrugglespersistovergovernment'sfunctioninmaintainingpublicorderandinrectifyinginjustice.Politicalliberalism,expressedasadefenseofthewelfarestate,gavewelfarepolicyapopularlygoodnameformorethanahalfcentury.Socialsecurity,medicare,andmortgagedeductionshaveallcontributedtomaintainingamiddleclassaccordingtoliberalprinciplesofsocialwelfare.Libertariansentimentalistsmaybalkat(回避，畏縮不前)thenegativeexternalitiescreatedbysuchlong-term,goodintentionsaskeepingtheelderlyoutofpoverty,ifnotoutofnursinghomes,butitseemsunlikelyintheshortterm,atleast,thatanysubstantialsocial,religious,orpoliticalmovementofself-respectwillemergeamongtheclassespresentlybenefitingthemostfromthelargesse(賞賜物)theyareresponsibleforcreating.Social-scientificunderstandingisdistinctfrompoliticalconviction,butthetwohavealongrelationshipthatseemslikelytocontinue,regardlessofideologicalcross-currents.Suchcrosscurrentsofconfidence,asitwere,haveinrecentdecadesdefinedthebattlesoverthelegacyofthemosttragicconsequences,howeverunintended,ofsocialwelfarepolicy:inthecaseofthepoor,theroleofgovernmentgave"welfare"abadname.Asthatwelfarepolicytransferstoindividualstates,socialscientists,whatevertheirmethodologies,havearesponsibilitytocontinueinformingpublicunderstandingabouttheconditionsofentirepopulationsandsub-groupswithinthosepopulations.Theywillcontinuetofacethedifficultyofhowtoacknowledgethelimitsoftheirknowledgeatanymomentintime.47、Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析48、InParagraph3,wecanmainlylearnthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析49、TheauthordoesdiscussthefollowingissueEXCEPTthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析50、Itisinferredfromthelastparagraphthat______.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：暫無(wú)解析三、完形填空(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)ThemoodofcomplacencyintheEuropeanUnion(EU)isdrivenlargelybytherecoveryinFranceandGermanyandtheimminentlaunchofeconomicandmonetaryunion.Buttwo【51】recentdevelopmentschallengethenotion【52】theEUcanremainimmunefromtheshocksoccurringaroundemergingmarkets.Thefirstphenomenonisthatthefinancial【53】areoccurringsimultaneouslyandinmanyinstancesaremutuallyreinforcing.Contagionisnolongera【54】;itisafactoflife.Theerosionofmarketconfidence【55】withasecondphenomenon:theemergenceofapolitical【56】inMoscow,Tokyo,Washington,andBonn.TheEUand【57】15memberstateshavecontributedgenerouslythroughIMFpackagesandtechnicalaidstostrengthendomesticbankingsupervisioninAsia.But【58】thehighestlevel,EUleadershaveshownthemselvesdrivenbydomesticpolitical【59】AllthedifficultnegotiationsoverEUenlargement,【60】,wereputoffuntilaftertheGermanelectioninSeptember.51、A、fewB、afewC、moreD、less標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：此句有比較關(guān)系。52、A、thatB、thisC、whichD、one標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：that同位語(yǔ)從句。53、A、shakesB、shocksC、quakesD、trembles標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配關(guān)系。54、A、attackB、rushC、riskD、dash標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：詞語(yǔ)搭配關(guān)系。55、A、meetsB、conservesC、challengesD、coincides標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：近義詞選擇關(guān)系。56、A、continuityB、vacuumC、truthD、vacancy標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：近義或反義詞選擇判斷關(guān)系。57、A、itsB、theirC、theirownD、the標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：代詞題目每次都要考。58、A、onB、atC、inD、for標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：介詞搭配關(guān)系。59、A、considerationsB、consequencesC、convergenceD、combination標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：語(yǔ)句的搭配須選A。60、A、forsomereasonB、forsometimeC、forexampleD、forthismeans標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：據(jù)語(yǔ)境的連貫關(guān)系，需要舉例說(shuō)明問(wèn)題，所以選C。Themostconvincingevidencefortheimportanceofadultinfluenceonachild'sintelligencecomesfromastudyof"atrisk"children.RameyandFrancesCampbelloftheUniversityofNorthCarolina【61】withchildrenbornintopoverty-linehouseholds.Thechildrenenteredthestudybyfourmonths【62】age.Duringthestudy,onegroupspentthedayinacenterwhereteachersusedgamesandsongsto【63】theinfants.Anothergrouphadnosuch【64】,buttheyweregivennutritionalsupplementsin【65】Duringpreschoolyearsthechildrenintheearly-educationgroupshowedIQadvantagesoftento20points.Thehighest-riskchildrenshowedthe【66】gains,andatage15theyhadhigherreadingandmathscores.What【67】forthesegains?Rameyandotherscientistssayearlychildhoodexperiences【68】braingrow