高中英語人教版2019《選擇性必修第二冊》課后習題 Unit 1第一單元測評

第一單元測評第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分,滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ADroneXProisashiningstaronthedrone(無人機)market.Here’swhyit’sgoneviral.HowdoesDroneXProwork?StartbyinstallingtheDroneapptoyoursmartphone(AndroidoriOS).Ittakesjustminutes.Afterthat,justplacethebatteryinyourdroneandlaunchtheapp.You’renowreadytoflyyourDroneXPro!Whyisthisdronesospecial?Thedroneisaboutthesizeofalargescreensmartphone.It’ssosmallthatitfitsintoanypocketorhandbag!Here’sthebestpart:flyingisextremelyeasy.There’snoexperiencerequiredtoflythisdrone.Youcaneasilycontrolandflythisdrone,evenifyou’veneverflownadroneinyourlife.Flyingthedroneissmoothandnaturalasridingabike.Ourfriend’ssoncameovertotheoffice,andhefiguredouthowtoflythedroneinjustminutes.Youcan’timaginehowstableandsmoothhiscontrolsare!Onceyouownthisdrone,youcanenjoyamazingHDpicturesofnature,friends,andfamilies.It’sablast!Howmuchdoesitcost?Now,DroneXProsellsfor$150eachonlineandtwoatadiscountof80%.It’sagreatdeal!Ifyou’renotsatisfied,returnitandyoucangetyourmoneyback.Becauseoftheeasyuse,portability,lowprice,andsmallsize,it’sabsolutelyworthit!Justimagineamazingpicturesandvideosyou’llbetakingwithyournewDroneXPro.Ifyou’veneverflownadronebefore,thisisthetimetostart!Callnow!400-800-7832ororderyoursfromtheofficialwebsite.1.WhatmakesDroneXProdifferentfromtheotherdrones?A.Itisn’thardtocontrol.B.Itisofhighquality.C.Itneedsnopowertodrive.D.Itisunnecessarytoinstall.2.HowdoestheadproveflyingDroneXProeasy?A.Bygivingaspecificexample.B.Bysharingsomeexperience.C.Bystatingitsoperatingsteps.D.Bytellinganunforgettablestory.3.Howmuchshouldyoupaytopurchasetwosuchdronesonline?A.$120. B.$150. C.$240. D.$300.BBeingblindatbirthistoughinanycase.ButthingswereevenharderforSrikanthBollawhowasborninasmallvillageinIndia,wherethecommonbeliefwasthatkidswithdisabilitieswere“ofnouse”andtherefore,betteroffdead.Fortunately,Srikanth’sparentslovedtheirsonandrefusedtogivehimup.Instead,theyencouragedtheblindboytodreambigandreachforthestars.Srikanthdidnotdisappointhisparents.Thenowtwenty-seven-year-oldisthefounderandCEOofBollantIndustries.Ofcourse,gettingherewasnoteasy.BeingbothblindandpoormeantthatSrikanthhadtofacehardchallenges.Asayoungboy,Srikanthattendedaregularschoolnearhishome.Unfortunately,thestudentsandteachersdidn’tquitelikehimbecauseofhisdisability.Asaresult,theyoungboywaslargelyignoredandoftenspenttheentiredayalone.ConcernedthiswouldholdbackSrikanth’sdevelopment,hisfamilydecidedtosendhimtoaspecialschoolinHyderabad.Sureenough,theyoungboysoonrosetothetopofhisclass,winningawardsinspeechanddebatecompetitions.ButSrikanthwaspreventedfromstudyingscienceswhenhereachedthe10thgrade,becauseitwasthoughttoo“dangerous”forablindstudent.Notwantingtogiveup,Srikanthtooklegalactionandbecamethefirstblindstudentinthecountryallowedtostudysciences.Later,aftergraduatingfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,SrikanthsetupBollantIndustriesin2012.Forjustfouryears,itbecameapowerhousewithover450employees,70%ofwhomarephysicallychallenged.Beingdisableddoesn’tmeanbeingunable.“Iftheworldlooksatmeandsays,‘Srikanth,youcandonothing.’Iwilllookbackattheworldandsay,‘Icandoanything.’”theyoungmansays.4.WhywasSrikanthsenttoaspecialschool?A.Hisparentsbecamericherthanbefore.B.Hecouldbetreatedequallythere.C.Thisschoolwasfreefordisabledstudents.D.Hewassentawaybytheregularschool.5.WhatcanweknowaboutSrikanthfromthetext?A.Hewasborninapoorvillage.B.Hecaredaboutdisabledpeople.C.Hisparentswerestrictwithhiminhisstudy.D.Hewaslovedbythevillagerswhenhewasyoung.6.WhatwordscanbestdescribeSrikanth?A.Intelligentanddetermined.B.Activeandhonest.C.Patientandcareful.D.Kindbutstubborn.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.ChancesAreEverywhereB.NoChallenges,NoSuccessC.ABigDreamMakesaDifferenceD.DisabilityDoesn’tMeanBeingUnableCSeveralyearsago,whensomeoneusedcameracoverstoprotectagainstpossiblemonitoring,itwasnotpopulartotalkaboutit.Today,peopleusevarioustypesoftapestocoverthewebcamerasandmicrophones.Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.Suchprogramsmayinfectnotonlycomputersbutalsosmartphones.YourdatamaybeusedbyhackerswhowilltrytorequestmoneyfornotexposingyourprivateinformationorbycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywareto“provideauthorizedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime”.Inmyopinion,thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated.Userstapecamerasandmicrophonesduetothelackofunderstandingofhowtheirdevicesworkandhowmalware(惡意軟件)works.Hackersandevensecretservicesdonothaveenoughresourcestomonitorallvictimsusingcamerasormicrophones.Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedmalwaretoyourdevice,whichwillnotbestoppedbythetapes.Suchaviruswillfindwhattosteal—frompersonalphotosandvideostopasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandmuchmore.Itisunwisetobelievethatattackerswillnotbeabletofindawaytospyonyou,evenifthedevice,dischargedtozero,canstilldeliverdataaboutyourlocation,usingthesmartphonesofthesurroundingpeopleassignalrepeaters.Letusfaceit:weliveinanerawhenitisextremelydifficulttohidesomethingandapieceoftapeisclearlynotthemostusefultoolinthestruggleforyourprivacy.Again,tobeabletospyonyou,attackersneedtoplantmalwareinyourdevice.Topreventmalwarefromenteringyourdevice,donotclicksuspectedlinksandemailattachments.Usestrongpasswordsforemail,socialmediaandonlinebankingaccounts.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“them”inparagraph2referto?A.Cameras. B.Types.C.Programs. D.Devices.9.WhatisNSOGroup?A.Agroupofhackers.B.Acompanydevelopingspyware.C.Agroupofterroristsandcriminals.D.Acompanyfightingagainstcrime.10.Whydoestheauthorthink“thedescribedprotectiontechniqueishighlyoverestimated”?A.Peopleknowlittleabouttheirdevices.B.Hackershavenoaccesstoothers.C.Ithardlypreventsmalwarefromgettingprivacy.D.Itcan’tcoverthecamerascompletely.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Protectingprivacyondevices.B.Risingtrendofusingtapes.C.Monitoringdevicesviacameras.D.Avoidingclickingdistrustfullinks.DWhichisbetterforEarth:anelectricorgas-poweredvehicle?Theanswertothisquestionmightseemblindinglyobvious:Ofcourseelectriccarsmustbebetterfortheenvironment,becausetheydon’tgiveoffgreenhousegasesaspeopledrive.However,electricvehicles(EVs)aren’tperfect,andtheycomewiththeirownsetofpollutingproblems.Theirbatteriesrequirealargeamountofenergytoproduce.Batteryproductionisjustonepartofanelectriccar’slifespan.AstudylookedattheentirelifecycleofanEV’semissions(排放),fromminingthemetalsforthebatteriestoproducingtheelectricityneededtopowerthem,andthencomparedthiswiththeaverageemissionsofagas-poweredvehicle.TheteamfoundthatwhenEVsarechargedwithcoal-poweredelectricity,they’reactuallyworsefortheenvironmentthangas-poweredcars.“Onlywhenconnectedtothedirtiest,coal-heavyelectricgrids(電網(wǎng))dogas-poweredcarsbecomecomparabletoEVsonagreenhousegasbasis,”saidColinSheppard,anexpertinenergyandtransportationsystems.That’swhymoreandmorecountriesaredecreasingthepowersupplyfromcoal.InChina,thenationalgridisimprovingwithmoreinvestmentsinrenewableenergy.Forexample,ithastwiceasmuchwindenergycapacityastheU.S.anditbuildsmoresolarpanelsperyearthananyothercountries.Sheppardmodelledafutureinwhichallcarswereelectric.“Wewantedtounderstandwhatitmightbelikeifallpassengervehiclesareelectrified.”Forexample,SheppardcalculatedthatifallvehiclesintheU.S.wereelectric,itwouldreducegreenhouse-gasemissionsby46%everyyear.Thisreductioncouldbeincreasedevenfurtherifthosevehicleswereusingatechniqueknownas“smartcharging”inwhichcarsarerechargedatchosentimes(oftenatnight)toreducethecostofelectricity.Inshort,it’sfareasiertoargueinfavorofbuyinganEVthanagas-poweredvehicle.Butwhataboutthecost?Aren’telectricvehiclestooexpensiveformostpeople?12.InwhichcasedoEVsgetmoreheavy-pollutedthangas-poweredcars?A.Beingpoweredonlybybatteries.B.Consumingcoal-poweredelectricity.C.Startingtogiveoffgreenhousegases.D.Replacinggas-poweredvehiclesentirely.13.WhatisgreatlypromotedinChinanowaccordingtothetext?A.Renewableenergy.B.Electricvehicles.C.Coal-poweredsupply.D.Publictransport.14.HowdoesSheppardmodelthefutureofEVs?A.Withadiscussion. B.Withanexamination.C.Withacalculation. D.Withaquestionaire.15.Whatmighttheparagraphfollowingthepassagebeabout?A.Inventinggreengas-poweredvehicles.B.Developingenvironment-friendlygrids.C.Makingelectricvehiclesmoreaffordable.D.Gettingridoffossilenergylikecoalandoil.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。HowtoSucceedinScienceTosucceedinscience,youneedalotmorethanluck.Inmyview,youhavetocombineintelligencewithawillingnessnottofollowconventionswhentheyblockyourforwardpath.Thus,thesehavecometobemyrulesforsuccess.16

Thatmightsoundproud,butthefactisthatyoumustalwaysturntopeoplewhoarebrighterthanyou.It’slikeplayinganygame.Evenasachild,IneverwantedtoplaygameswithanyonewhowasasbadasIwas.Ifyouwin,itgivesyounopleasure.Andinthegameofscienceorlife,thehighestgoalisn’tsimplytowin;it’stowinatsomethingreallydifficult.17

Takerisks.Tomakeahugesuccess,ascientisthastobepreparedtogetintodeeptrouble.Ifyouaregoingtomakeahugejumpinscience,youwillverylikelybeunqualifiedtosucceedbydefinition.18Thiscanbemorethanpersonallyupsetting.

Neverdoanythingthatboresyou.Myexperienceinscienceisthatsomeoneisalwaystellingyoutodothings,andthenleavesyoualone.I’mnotgoodenoughtodowellinsomethingIdislike.19

It’sveryhardtosucceedifyoudon’twanttobewithotherscientists,becauseyouhavetogotokeymeetingswhereyouspotkeyfactsthatwouldhaveescapedyou.Andyouhavetochatwithyourcompetitors,evenifyoufindthemobjectionable.Somyfinalruleis:20

A.Meetchallengeswithgreatcourage.B.Ifyoucan’tstandbeingwithyourrealpeers,getoutofscience.C.Putitanotherway,it’stogosomewherebeyondyourabilityandcomeoutontop.D.Makesureyoualwayshavesomeonetosaveyoufromadeepmess.E.Avoidfoolishpeople.F.Infact,IfindithardtodowellinsomethingIlike.G.Besides,youevenhavetobepreparedtodisbelieveyourscientificheroes.第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Sheisoveracenturyold,butshehasn’tletthatstopherfromworking.At102,RomayDavis21drivesherselftothegrocerystoreeachdayfor22.

Now,duringBlackHistoryMonth,Davisisbeinghonoredforher23withagrant(撥款)namedafterher.ThroughtheRomayDavisGrantProgram,charitieswillreceive24inthefightforracialequalityandsocial25.Davisis26ofthegrantinhernameassheisapioneerherself.Sheservedinthefirstall-BlackWomenArmy27overseasduringWorldWarⅡ.Thenafterthewar,shestartedher28infashionasadesignerinmodelinNewYorkfor30years.

Throughoutherlife,she’salso29othermilestonesincludingamaster’sdegree,BlackBeltinTaekwondo(跆拳道)andmore.She30forthefirsttimein1982.Afterherhusbanddiedin2001,she31togobacktoworkandwas32bythegrocerystoreinWinn-Dixiein2001attheageof82.In2019,Romay33her100thbirthday.“AswecelebrateMsRomay,weareallmovedbyherlife-long34andstrongworkethic(職業(yè)道德),which35otherstobetheirbest,”saidAnthonyHucker,CEOofWinn-Dixie,SoutheasternGrocers.

21.A.often B.stillC.skillfully D.yet22.A.work B.shoppingC.pleasure D.fun23.A.jobs B.agesC.stores D.contributions24.A.criticism B.supportC.benefit D.information25.A.justice B.skillC.life D.development26.A.fond B.awareC.worthy D.sure27.A.required B.rootedC.organized D.stationed28.A.style B.careerC.study D.adventure29.A.missed B.foundC.planned D.achieved30.A.fought B.pursuedC.retired D.failed31.A.refused B.fearedC.mentioned D.decided32.A.hired B.metC.paid D.offered33.A.celebrated B.passedC.interviewed D.employed34.A.sympathy B.independenceC.devotion D.dream35.A.reminds B.inspiresC.advises D.leads第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Roboticsisacomplexfield.ButbrothersSanjayandArvindSeshanfoundanearlypassionforit.In2014,theystartedamissiontomake36.easierforotherstolearnroboticsbycreatingawebsite,37.theyteachpeopletocode.

Thestorystartedwhentheywerelookingformaterialsforlearninghowtoprogram,andthey38.(realize)thattherewasnotreallyanythinggoodonline.Thentheycameup39.anideaofcreatingabriefsetoflessonsfromwhichkidsandadultscanlearn40.(easy)toprogram.Thewebsitestartedwithbasiclessonsonroboticsandcoding.Butnowthelessonscansupportkidswho41.(involve)withroboticsforyearsandwhowanttolearnsomethingnew.Thebrothersthoughtthatoneofthereasonswhykidslikedit42.(be)thattheywerebeingtaughtbyotherkids.

Thebrothersunderstandthatroboticstakes43.(patient)andlotsoftime.Theyrecallaproject44.(call)Pix3lPlott3r,arobotthatwouldprintpeople’spictures.Ittookthemtwoyearstogetafullyworkingmodel,andtheymadesixormoreversions.TheSeshanbrothers’adviceisnever45.(give)upifsomethingdoesnotworkthefirsttimeandtotrydifferentwaysofsolvingtheproblem.

第三部分寫作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)ChinaDaily發(fā)起了一場“要不要在城市中推廣使用電動車”的討論。假如你叫李華,請你向該報投稿,闡述你的觀點。注意:詞數(shù)80左右。_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。“Dad,”whisperedTarig,“Areyouawake?”Dadopenedhiseyes.“What’sthematter,son?”Tarigcouldn’tsleepandhefeltthatitwastoohot.Maybethere’sastormcoming.Alldaylonghefeltlikesomethingwasabouttohappen.Dadwhisperedbacktohisson,“Youcouldberight.Gobacktobed.There’sagoodboy.”Tarigshookhishead.“I’mgoingdownstairswhereit’scooler.Whydon’tyoucomewithme?”Dadrefused,sayingthathewouldstaythere.Tarigwentdownthelanding.Heandhisfatherwerealoneinthehouse.Hismotherandsisterhadgonetovisitrelatives.Hewentintothekitchenandlayonthefloor.Hefeltcoolerandfellasleepatlast.Suddenlyheawokewithashock.Inthedistancehecouldheararoar,likethunder.Itseemedtobecomingcloserandcloser.Thestormmusthavearrived,justastheyexpected.Butthiswasnoordinarystorm.Withinsecondsthewholehousebegantoshake.Thevasefellofftheshelveswithacrash.Tarigcouldfeelthefloormovingbeneathhim.Whatonearthwashappening?Hejumpedtohisfeetandtriedtoturnonthelight.Itdidn’twork.Hereachedthebackdoor,butjustthencamealoudcrackingnoise.Nextmomentapileofbrickscamedownaroundhim.Aterriblechoking(窒息的)smellfilledtheair.Atlastthedustcleared.Tarigwasamazedtofindthathewasstillalive.Theframeworkofthedoorwaymusthavesavedhim.Hecalledout,“Dad?Dad,areyouallright?”Noanswer.Butheheardarescuedogbarking.Hestruggledtoknowwhatwasgoingonoutside,buthecouldn’tmove.Maybesomeonewasapproachinghere.“Aretheymyfamily?Ormyrelatives?”注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。Withoutanymorethought,Tarigdeterminedtocallforhelp._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Tarigaskedwherehisdadwasbutnobodyreplied._________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

第一單元測評【語篇導讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了無人機XPro是無人機市場上的一顆閃亮之星以及它如此受歡迎的原因。1.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第三句“Youcaneasilycontrolandflythisdrone,evenifyou’veneverflownadroneinyourlife.”可知,你可以很容易地控制和駕駛這架無人機,即使你從未駕駛過無人機。由此可知,不難控制是無人機XPro不同于其他無人機的地方。故選A項。B項“質(zhì)量很好”在文中沒有被提到;根據(jù)第二段第一句和第三句首先把無人機應(yīng)用程序安裝到你的智能手機,之后再把電池放在無人機里并啟動應(yīng)用程序可知,C項、D項不正確。2.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第五句“Ourfriend’ssoncameovertotheoffice,andhefiguredouthowtoflythedroneinjustminutes.”可知,我們朋友的兒子來到辦公室,他在幾分鐘內(nèi)就弄明白如何駕駛無人機。由此可推斷,該廣告通過例子證明駕駛無人機容易操作。故選A項。3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段第一句“Now,DroneXProsellsfor$150eachonlineandtwoatadiscountof80%.”可知,現(xiàn)在DroneXPro在線售價是一架150美元,兩架的折扣為80%。因此兩架無人機是240美元。故選C項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。SrikanthBolla出生在印度一個村莊,他生下來就是盲人,雖然那里的人都認為殘疾人沒用,但是他的父母沒有放棄他,反而努力培養(yǎng)他,最終他于2012年成立了以殘疾人為主的BollantIndustries。4.B推理判斷題。由第三段的最后兩句“Unfortunately,thestudents...theentiredayalone.”和第四段第一句“Concernedthiswouldholdback...inHyderabad.”可知,在普通學校,老師和學生不喜歡Srikanth,父母擔心這會影響Srikanth的成長,決定把他送到特殊學校。由此可推知,在特殊學校,SrikanthBolla可以得到公平的對待。A、C、D三個選項相關(guān)信息文中并未提及。故選B項。5.B推理判斷題。由第五段第二句“Forjustfouryears,itbecameapowerhousewithover450employees,70%ofwhomarephysicallychallenged.”可推知,SrikanthBolla是關(guān)心殘疾人的。根據(jù)第一段中的“whowasborninasmallvillage”可知他出生在一個小村莊,但文中并未提到那個村莊是否貧窮,故排除A項;文中未提他父母對他是否嚴厲,故排除C項;文中未提及他年輕時受村民喜愛,因此D項可排除。故選B項。6.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Sureenough,theyoungboysoonrosetothetopofhisclass,winningawardsinspeechanddebatecompetitions.”可知,SrikanthBolla是很聰明的(intelligent)。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Notwantingtogiveup,Srikanthtooklegalactionandbecamethefirstblindstudentinthecountryallowedtostudysciences.”可知,SrikanthBolla不被允許上科學課。他不想放棄,于是運用法律手段成了他們國家第一個上科學課的盲人學生,所以SrikanthBolla是意志堅定的(determined)。B項“積極和正直的”、C項“耐心和謹慎的”和D項“和善但頑固的”都不符合文章對SrikanthBolla的描述。故選A項。7.D標題歸納題。文章一開始講述SrikanthBolla出生地的人認為殘疾就是無用的,文章中間段落講述他父母對他的培養(yǎng)以及他自己的努力,最終沒有讓父母失望,還成立了自己的公司。所以本文主要講“殘疾并不意味著無能”,而不是A項的“機會到處都有”和B項的“沒有挑戰(zhàn)就沒有成功”,C項“大夢想起作用”脫離了SrikanthBolla的特殊性。故選D項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述的是如何保護我們設(shè)備上的隱私。為防止惡意軟件進入你的設(shè)備,請不要點擊可疑的鏈接和電子郵件附件。在電子郵件、社交媒體和網(wǎng)上銀行賬戶上使用強密碼。8.D詞義猜測題。由第二段首句“Therearemanytypesofspywarethatcandiveintoourdevicesandsecretlyspyonthem,recordingeverythingtheydo.”可知,有許多類型的間諜軟件可以潛入我們的設(shè)備并秘密監(jiān)視他們,記錄他們所做的一切。由此可知,畫線詞them指代的是前面提到的devices,因此D項正確。9.B推理判斷題。由第二段中的“bycompanieslikeNSOGroupwhocreatedthePegasusspywareto‘provideauthorizedgovernmentswithtechnologythathelpsstruggleagainstterrorandcrime’”可知,這些公司“提供有助于打擊恐怖主義和非法的科技給所授權(quán)的政府”,由此推斷,NSOGroup是研發(fā)間諜軟件的公司,故選B項。10.C推理判斷題。由第三段中的“Iftheyneedtogetanyinformation,theygetitbysendingatargetedmalwaretoyourdevice...topasswordsfromsocialnetworks,browserhistory,bankaccountsandmuchmore.”可推斷,這種保護技術(shù)很難阻止惡意軟件獲取隱私,故選C項。11.A主旨大意題。第一段提出人們?nèi)绾伪Ｗo個人信息,第二段講述盜取個人信息的間諜軟件;第三段作者認為我們高估了這種保護科技;第四段提到一根膠帶顯然不是保護你隱私的最有效工具;最后一段就保護隱私給出了建議。因此可推斷,本文講述的是保護設(shè)備上的隱私,故選A項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了電動汽車和燃油汽車哪個更環(huán)保。12.B細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“TheteamfoundthatwhenEVsarechargedwithcoal-poweredelectricity,they’reactuallyworsefortheenvironmentthangas-poweredcars.”可知,當電動汽車消耗的是以煤為燃料的電能時,對環(huán)境造成的污染比燃油汽車更嚴重。13.A細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“InChina,thenationalgridisimprovingwithmoreinvestmentsinrenewableenergy.”可知,中國電網(wǎng)正在加大對可再生能源的投資。14.C推理判斷題。由第四段中的“Sheppardmodelledafutureinwhichallcarswereelectric...Forexample,SheppardcalculatedthatifallvehiclesintheU.S.wereelectric”可知,Sheppard建立了一種推測電動汽車未來的模型:如果所有人都用電動汽車,將會產(chǎn)生什么樣的結(jié)果。15.C推理判斷題。由第五段中的“Aren’telectricvehiclestooexpensiveformostpeople?”可知,最后提出的問題是“電動汽車對大多數(shù)人來說是不是太貴了?”所以接下來作者應(yīng)是繼續(xù)談?wù)摗叭绾巫岆妱悠嚫鼘嵒荨?。【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如何在科學上取得成功。16.E根據(jù)空后的內(nèi)容可知,作者認為只有和比自己聰明的人在一起才能學到東西,所以本段建議避免和愚蠢的人在一起。故選E項。17.C根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句話可知,作者認為在科學或生活的游戲中,最高的目標不僅僅是獲勝,而是做成一些非常困難的事情。換句話說,最高目標是去超出自己能力范圍的領(lǐng)域并名列前茅。C選項是對前一句話的進一步解釋。18.G根據(jù)設(shè)空處前文可知,作者認為如果想取得巨大成功,科學家必須準備好陷入很深的困境中。如果你要在科學上有一個巨大的飛躍,你很可能沒有資格獲得成功。此外,甚至也要準備好懷疑你心中的科學英雄,也就是要勇于質(zhì)疑權(quán)威。故G選項符合語境。19.F根據(jù)設(shè)空處前一句話中的“dowellinsomethingIdislike”可知,在科學研究中,對于自己不喜歡的事情作者做不好,但對于自己喜歡的事情作者也不一定能做好。故選F項。20.B根據(jù)前一段的內(nèi)容可知,作者建議要和其他科學家交流,從而發(fā)現(xiàn)自己忽略的關(guān)鍵事實。甚至要和你的競爭對手交流,即使你覺得他們令人反感。因此本段建議如果你無法忍受與你真正相匹敵的人一起工作,你就不要進行科學研究了。故選B項。【語篇導讀】本文是一篇記敘文。RomayDavis在102歲時依然能自己開車去工作,她的一生一直在奮斗中。本文詳細敘述了RomayDavis的個人經(jīng)歷及其所取得的成就。她畢生的奉獻精神和強烈的職業(yè)道德激勵著人們前行。21.B根據(jù)上文“butshehasn’tletthatstopherfromworking”可知,102歲的RomayDavis仍然每天自己開車去雜貨店工作,因此選B項,意為“仍然”。skillfully“熟練地”;yet“但是”。22.A根據(jù)上文“butshehasn’tletthatstopherfromworking”以及下文“gobacktoworkandwasbythegrocerystoreinWinn-Dixiein2001attheageof82”可知,102歲的RomayDavis仍然每天自己開車去雜貨店工作。故選A項。shopping“購物”;pleasure“快樂”;fun“樂趣”。均不符合題意。

23.D根據(jù)“Davisisbeinghonoredforher...”以及“sheisapioneerherself”可知,Davis因她的貢獻而受到表彰。故選D項。contribution“貢獻”。這句話的意思是:現(xiàn)在,在黑人歷史月,Davis因她的貢獻而受到表彰,一項撥款以她的名字命名。24.B這里的意思是,通過RomayDavis贈款計劃,慈善機構(gòu)將在爭取種族平等和社會正義的斗爭中獲得支持。criticism“批評”;support“支持”;benefit“益處”;information“信息”,故選B項。25.A根據(jù)racialequality可知,慈善機構(gòu)將在爭取種族平等和社會正義的斗爭中獲得支持。justice“公平”;skill“技能”;development“發(fā)展”,故選A項。26.C根據(jù)“assheisapioneerherself”可知,Davis名副其實。fond“喜歡的”;aware“有意識的”;worthy“值得的”;sure“確定的”,故選C項。27.D根據(jù)“overseasduringWorldWarⅡ”可知,她在第一支駐扎于海外的全黑人女兵部隊服役。require“要求”;root“植根于”;organize“組織”;station“使駐扎”,故選D項。28.B根據(jù)“asadesignerinmodelinNewYorkfor30years”可知,她開始了自己的時尚生涯。style“風格”;career“職業(yè)”;study“學習”;adventure“冒險”。句意:戰(zhàn)后,她開始