2024年必修三Unit1知識點

Unit11.mean的使用方法1）meantodo意欲做e.g.Ididn’tmeantohurtyou.2）meandoing意味著e.g.Missingthetrainmeanswaitingforanotherhour.3)bemeantfor適合做e.g.Heisnotmeantforateacherandwillalwaysbeunhappyintheschool.means方式，措施，途徑byallmeans當然可以，沒問題bynomeans絕不bymeansof借助……手段；依托……措施練習：他說他不適合讀書由于懶。Hesayshe_______astudentforhislaziness.這次考試失敗意味著要再考一次。Failingthisexam_______________anotherone.我并不是故意遲到的。Ididn’t____________belateforschool.2.celebratevt.&vi.(1)

慶祝；祝賀celebrateChristmas/one’sbirthday/avictory(成功)(2)

贊揚；稱頌e.g.Thenamesofmanyheroesarecelebratedbythepoets.詞語辨析：celebrate,congratulatecelebrate表達“慶?！贬岢＝釉黄?事情或場所，表達“贊揚”時，賓語可以是人，也可是物。congratulate後常接人，表達向某人祝賀congratulatesb.on/upon(doing)sth.congratulations(tosb)onsth/doingsth.3.英語中表達“發(fā)生”的詞或短語均為不及物，不用于被動語態(tài)，主語為所發(fā)生的事。詞語辨析：takeplace,happen,occur,comeabout,breakout的比較takeplace“發(fā)生,舉行”側重安排或計劃而發(fā)生的事,帶有“非偶爾”的意思e.g.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepast10years.2)happen“發(fā)生”常指詳細客觀事物或狀況的偶爾或未能預見地發(fā)生。happen還可以表達“碰巧發(fā)生了什么事”常構成sb/sth.happenstodo或Ithappensthat…e.g.Ithappenedtorainthatday.ThetrafficaccidentoccurredonWednesday.3）occur“發(fā)生，出現”,較正式用詞，指事情偶爾地、意外地發(fā)生或思想忽然浮在心頭。occurto有“想起”的意思。e.g.Agoodideaoccurredtome.4）breakout(火災、戰(zhàn)爭、疾病)忽然發(fā)生、爆發(fā)e.g.TheSecondWorldWarbrokeoutin1939.5）comeabout“發(fā)生”,往往重視事情發(fā)生的原因。且諸多時候與how連用。與happen使用方法較靠近e.g.Howdoesitcomeaboutthatyouwerecaughtbythepolice?練習：用takeplace,happen和comeabout的對的形式填空TheMay4thMovement_____________in1919.Ifanything___________tothemachine,letmeknowatonce.Theopeningdayoftheplay___________tomorrownight.Canyoutellmehowit___________?starve:vt.使餓死vi.餓得要死starvetodeathbestarvedof/starvefor:渴望n.starvation餓死：dieofstarvatione.g.Themotherlesschildrenwerestarvedof/werestarvingforaffection.練習：他們在沙漠中迷路而餓死。Theygotlostinthedesertand_______________.他們正急需一大筆錢來完畢工作。Theyare___asumofmoneytofinishtheirwork.5.honor1)n.光榮，榮譽；光榮的人或事情e.g.Theyfightforthehonorofthecountry.LiuXiangisanhonortoourcountry.2)尊敬,給以榮譽（v）e.g.Childrenshouldhonortheirparents.3)inhonorof為了紀念dosb.honor/dohonortosb.向某人致敬onone’shonor以人格擔保havethehonorofdoing/todosth.有幸做…6.satisfyvt./vi.使?jié)M意，使?jié)M足e.g.Nothingcansatisfyhimexceptthebest.Somepeoplearereallyhardtosatisfy.sb.besatisfiedwith對…滿意e.g.She’snotsatisfiedwithhernewhouse.令人滿意的:satisfying,satisfactory滿意：satisfaction7.harmn./v.損害；傷害dosbharm=doharmtosb=harmsb反：dosbgoode.g.Hemeantnoharmtoyou.Theeventshasharmedtherelationsbetweenthetwocountries.8.inmemoryof為紀念e.g.Themuseumwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamousscientist.inpraiseof歌頌inchargeof負責；掌管insearchof尋找infavorof支持incelebrationof慶祝insupportof支持inplaceof替代incaseof假如；萬一9.Theyofferfood,flowersandgift….詞語辨析：offer,provide,supplyoffer積極提供。offersthtosb/offersbsthprovide供應（所需物，尤指生活必需品）。providesth(forsb)/providesbwithsth.supply:供應（所需要或所規(guī)定之物）。supplysthtosb;supplysbwithsth練習：WhenImeetdifficulty,myroommateswill_____mehelp.They_______arewardforthereturnofthelostjewels.Thegovernmentneedto_________theseoldpeoplewithfoodandclothes.Electricityshouldbe_________enougheverymonth.10.dressup盛裝打扮；裝扮，裝飾e.g.Youdon’thavetodressup.Comeasyouare.ChildrenlovedressingupinHalloween.dressvt.給…穿衣dressoneself/sb.給自已/某人穿衣表達動作bedressedin…表達狀態(tài)11.playatrickonsb.=playtricksonsb.捉弄某人；開某人的玩笑相近短語：makefunof取笑，捉弄laughat譏笑makeafoolof愚弄playajokewith=jokewith和某人開玩笑trickvt.tricksbintosth./doingsth.誘使某人干某事tricksb.outofsth.從某人處騙走某物12awardn.獎品，獎項，獎金e.g.Sheshowedustheawardsshehadwon.vt.授予;鑒定awardsbsth=awardsthtosbe.g.Thejudgesawardedbothteamsequalpoints.award“獎，獎品，獎金”,側重通過正式裁定而得到的prize“獎，獎金”,指在比賽中獲勝或有特殊奉獻時所得的獎勵reward回報,酬勞13.admirevt.贊美；欽佩；羨慕admiresb/sth(for…)為某事欽佩某人e.g.Iadmirehimforhissuccessinbusiness.admirationn.admirableadj.14.lookforwardto(介詞)+n/v-ing期望，期待e.g.I’mlookingforwardtohiscoming.如下短語中的to也為介詞，背面加doing，而不是dopayattentionto注意devote…to致力于preferto愈加喜歡getdownto開始做beusedto習慣于15.asthough=asif仿佛，仿佛（其引導的從句中的謂語動詞即可用陳說語氣，也可用虛擬語氣）1)虛擬語氣（其謂語若與目前事實相反，用一般過去時，be動詞用were；若與過去事實相反，則用過去完畢時）e.g.Hebehavedasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverything.2).陳說語氣（表達很也許的事實就用陳說語氣）e.g.Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.Hewavedtomeasiftotellmesomething.16.custom指老式風俗、習俗，也可指個人生活習慣。customs關稅practice習俗，通例;與custom近義，但含貶義。makeapracticeof…慣常做某事。habit個人生活習慣，後接ofdoing,不可接不定式。breakacustom打破習俗follow/keepupacustom遵從、遵守習俗mannersandcustoms風俗習慣customs付關稅pass/gothroughthecustoms通關用custom,practice和habit填空1)Ihavethe_______ofgettingupearly.2)Itisthe________fortheJapanesetotakeofftheirshoeswhentheygetintoahall.3)Social___________differfromcountrytocountry.4)Hemakesa_________ofcheatingatexaminations.5)Weshouldpay_______whenweimportfromabroad.17.permissionn.準許；許可；同意givepermission(forsth./sb.todosth.)準許（某事/某人干某事）withoutpermission未經許可withone’spermission經某人的許可asksb.forpermission祈求某人準許givesb.permissiontodosth準許某人做某事permitvt.&vi.容許；準許n.許可證；特許證permitsb.sth/permitsbtodosth./permitdoingsth18.turnup1)appear出現；到場他到目前還沒有出現。He__________________sofar.2)調大聲音，把...開大點兒請把火調大一點。Please_________thefire.有關短語:turndown拒絕turnoff關掉turnon打開turnout成果是turnin上交turnto轉向；翻到；求援于19.keepone’sword守信用,遵守諾言breakone’sword違反諾言keepapromise遵守諾言makeapromise做出承諾carryoutapromise履行諾言breakapromise違反諾言inaword簡言之inotherwords換句話說haveawordwithsb.與某人交談havewordswithsb.(aboutsth.)有關某事與某人爭執(zhí)20.holdone’sbreath屏息e.g.Thegirlheldherbreathatthesightofthesnake.takebreath呼吸loseone’sbreath=beoutofbreath喘不過氣來breathev.breathn.21.apologize道歉apologizetosbfor(doing)sth=saysorrytosbfordoingsthe.g.Youmustapologizetotheteacherforbeingsorude.apologyn.makeanapologytosbfor(doing)sth.22.wipe(wiped,wiped)vt擦，擦去wipeoff抹掉，擦掉wipeout消滅；掃除wipeup擦潔凈wipethewordsofftheblackboard23.remindsb.ofsth提醒某人某事remindsb.todosth/remindsb.that…1)他提醒我那個承諾。Heremindedmeofmypromise.2)他提醒我要早起。Heremindedmetogetupearly.3)他提醒我本應當小心點。HeremindedthatIshouldhavebeenmorecareful.24.AsLiFangsetoffforhome,hethought...setoff:動身,出發(fā);(側重去某一種地方）；使（地雷、炸彈）爆炸;e.g.TomandhisfathersetoffforAmericayesterday.Thebombsetoffamongthecrowd.有關短語：setaboutdoingsth.=setouttodosth著手（做某事）語法：情態(tài)動詞may,might;can,could;will,would;shall,should;must,need,dare,usedto,oughtto.一、can,could和beableto的使用方法1.can,beableto都可表達“能力”Can的主語是人或物,beableto的主語是人Shecan/beabletosingthesonginEnglish.Thismachinecanmakeyoufeelcomfortable.2.can只用于目前式和過去式(could)。be

able

to可以用于多種時態(tài)。We’llbeabletofinishtheworksoon./Ihaven’tbeenabletoseethefilm.could用于表達泛指過去的能力。如：

I

could

read

when

I

was

four.Althoughthesoldierwasbadlywounded,hewasabletotellwhathadhappened.Sheranfastbutshecouldn’t/wasn’tabletocatchthebus.3.表達特定的某一過去能力或表到達功地做了某事時，只能用was/were

able

to，

不能用could。He

was

able

to

flee

Europe

before

the

war

broke

out.

He

was

able

to

swim

halfway

before

he

got

tired.4.could不表達時態(tài),表達委婉的祈求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。CouldIhavealookatyournotebook?Yes,youcan./No,

you

can't.5.表達“驚異,懷疑,不相信”的態(tài)度(重要用于否認句,疑問句和感慨句中)Canthisnewsbetrue?Howcanyoubesofoolish?Itcan’tbeMary.Shehasfallenill.6.表達推測，譯為“也許、或許”，can常用于否認句(意思是"不也許已經")和疑問句；could除用于否認句及疑問句外,還可用于肯定句(意思是"那時也許;本來可以")。Lindadidn’tcatchthetrain.Shecouldhavecaughtit.Don't

worry.They

could

have

just

forgotten

to

phone.二、may和might1.may和might用于一般問句中表達委婉的祈求,肯定回答用may,否認用mustn’t---MayIuseyourpencil?---Yes,youmay./No,youmustn’t.2.may和might表達“也許性”,may/might+v指目前或未來也許發(fā)生的動作狀況。might暗示的也許性更小Shemaynotbeworkingnow.Johnmightbeathomenow.3.對過去發(fā)生的事情的也許性作出判斷用may/mighthavedone,用might比用may的也許性更小Shemay/mighthavegonetothecinema.Theymay/mightnothavereceivedourtelephone.4.may

放在句首祈使句，表達祝愿。Mayyousucceed!May

God

bless

you!三、Will和would1.will和would表達意愿、意志，可用于多種人稱IfyouwillhelpmewithmyEnglish,Iwillbeveryhappy.IpromisedthatIwoulddomybest.2.在疑問句中,will用于第二人稱,表達祈求或征求意見,would則語氣更委婉Willyoutellhimthenewsassoonashecomesback？Wouldyoupleasespeakagainmoreslowly？四、shall,should和oughtto1.shall用于第二、三人稱表達允諾、警告、命令、決心等。YoushalldoasIsay.(命令)Tellhimthatheshallhavethebooktomorrow.(允諾)Nothingshallstopmedoingit.(決心)2.在疑問句中,用于第一、三人稱，用來表達祈求或征求意見。ShallIopenthewindowforyou？（征求意見）Shallhefetchsomewaterforyou？（祈求）3.should常表達勸說、提議、命令，與oughtto意義相近，但oughtto多表達責任、義務，語氣強烈。在疑問句中一般用should替代oughtto。e.g.Youngpeopleshouldlearnhowtousecomputers.Everycitizenoughttoobeylaw.Yououghtnottogo.4.should/oughttohavedone表達責怪或批評,意為“本應當做到…但沒有做到…”,用于否認則表達“本不該…但”oughtto的語氣更強烈.Youshould/oughttohavetoldherthetruthearlier.Sheshouldn’thaveleftwithoutsayingaword.五、must和have

to1.Must用于一般問句中,肯定回答用must否認式用

needn’t或don’thaveto，做

“不必”,mustn’t表達“嚴禁，不容許”

—Must

I

finish

all

assignments

at

a

time?

—Yes,youmust./No,

you

needn't.You

mustn’t

get

down

while

the

car

is

still

moving.2.表達“必須”這個意思時，must

和have

to

稍有區(qū)別。must著重闡明主觀見解，have

to

強調客觀需要。此外，have

to

能用于更多時態(tài)。Idon’tlikethisTVset.Wemustbuyanewone.Therewasnomorebus.Theyhadtowalkhome.3.must表達對某人某事的猜測，

作“準是”，“一定”，一般用于肯定句中。對過去發(fā)生的事情作肯定判斷用musthavedone

You

must

be

the

new

teacher.

He

must

be

joking.There

is

nobody

here.

They

must

have

allgone

home.4.Must表達“偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情Hemustcomeandworryherwithquestion,justwhenshewasbusycookingthedinner.Ofcourse，afterIgavehermyadvice，shemustgoanddotheopposite。EXERCISES1.---Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.---It____acomfortablejourney.()A.can'tbeB.mustn'thavebeenC.shouldn'tbeD.couldn'thavebeen2.Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone___getout.()A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto3.Peter___comewithustonight,butheisn’tverysure.mustB.canC.mayD.will4.---CouldIcallyoubyyourfirstname?---Yes,you____.A.willB.couldC.canD.might5.Sorry,I’mlate.I___haveturnedoffthealarmclockandgonebacktosleepagain.mightB.shouldC.canD.will6.--Excuseme,butIwanttouseyourcomputertotypeareport.--You____havemycomputerifyoudon’ttakecareofit.A.shan’tB.mightnotC.needn’tD.shouldn’t7.Withsomuchworkonhand,you____toseethegamelastnight.A.mustn’tgoB.couldhavegoneC.shouldn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone8.Johnny,you______playwiththeknife,you____hurtyourself.()A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;wouldn't9.Imissedthebus,soI___gohomeonfoot.A.mustB.mayC.canD.hadto第一單元檢測一、選詞填空：worldwide/permission/apologize/drown/sadness/wipe/weep/forgive/obvious/turnup/keepone’sword/holdone’sbreath/setoff/remind…of…1)Youshouldn’ttellsuchlies.2)Theyenteredtheareawithout.3)Thepoormanishissorrows.4)Hisfameis.5)Themanshouldtoyouforknockingyoudown.6)Hecan’thimselffornotseeinghismotherbeforeshedied.7)