2023年中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之介詞（學(xué)生版）

語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)題三、介詞（常考）

EQ考點(diǎn)精講

考點(diǎn)1時(shí)間介詞

①in,after,later表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別

in+時(shí)間段,用于將來(lái)時(shí)，表示“過(guò)...后”.Hewillcomebackinanhour.

after+一段時(shí)間，用于過(guò)去時(shí)，表示〃在...以后”.Afteranhour,hecameback.

after+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，用于將來(lái)時(shí)，表示〃在...以后”.Hewillcomebackafter5

o'clock.

時(shí)間段+later,常用于過(guò)去時(shí)，表示〃在...之后”.Anhourlater,hecameback.

②in,on,at表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別

in主要表達(dá)年、月、季節(jié)、年代、世紀(jì);泛指上午、下午、晚上.

>inspring在春天inFebruary在二月inthe21stcentury在21世紀(jì)

>Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.我們上午有四節(jié)課.

on主要表示星期、日期或具體的某一天;特指具體某一天的上午、下午、晚上用on.

>onMonday在星期一onMayIst在五月一號(hào)onLaborDay在勞動(dòng)節(jié)

>WehavetwolessonsonFridayafternoon.我們周五下午有兩節(jié)課.

at表示某一時(shí)刻，用于具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前，或正午和午夜前.

>at7：00在七點(diǎn)atnoon在正午atnight在晚上/在午夜

>Westartclassesateighto'clockeverymorning.（注意every,this,last,

next前不加介詞）

我們每天早上八點(diǎn)上課.

（2021?北京市?歷年真題）SpaceDayofChinafallsApril24thevery

year.

A.onB.byC.atD.in

③for,since表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志詞）

for+時(shí)間段

>Ihavelivedherefor10years.我已經(jīng)住在這里十年了.

since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/ago短語(yǔ)/一般過(guò)去時(shí)的從句

AIhavelivedheresince2013.自從2013年我就住在這里.

>Ihavelivedheresince10yearsago.自從十年前我就住在這里.

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>IhavelivedheresinceImovedherein2013.自從2013年我搬過(guò)來(lái)就住在這里.

④after,before表示時(shí)間的區(qū)別

after〃在……之后”，接時(shí)間點(diǎn),與將來(lái)時(shí)連用；接時(shí)間段,與過(guò)去時(shí)連用.

>Hewillcomebackafter5o'clock.他五點(diǎn)之后會(huì)回來(lái).

>Afteranhour,hecameback.一小時(shí)以后，他回來(lái)了.

before〃在……之前”，只接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，而不能接一段時(shí)間，可用于多種時(shí)態(tài).

>Pleaseturnoffthelightsbeforeteno'clock.請(qǐng)十點(diǎn)前關(guān)燈.

>Iwillcomebackbeforefiveo'clock.我會(huì)在五點(diǎn)之前回來(lái).

⑤其他時(shí)間介詞

during〃在……期間”，與表示特定一段時(shí)間的名詞短語(yǔ)連用.

>Thecolorsoftherockcanchangeduringdifferentperiodsintheday.

在一天的不同時(shí)段內(nèi)，巖石的顏色會(huì)變化.

until/till〃直到"，在肯定句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;在否定句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是非延

續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，意為〃直到……才……”

>Iwaiteduntilitgotdark.我一直等到天黑了.

AIdidn'tgotobeduntilmyparentscamebacklastnight.

昨晚我一直等到我父母回來(lái)才睡覺(jué).

考點(diǎn)2方位介詞

①through,across表示〃穿過(guò)”時(shí)的區(qū)別

through介詞，縱穿（從空間穿過(guò)）.Thesoldierswentthroughtheforest.

across介詞，橫穿（橫過(guò)某個(gè)平面）.Heiswalkingacrossthestreet.

【拓展】cross動(dòng)詞，橫穿（橫過(guò)某個(gè)平面）.=Heiscrossingthestreet.

（2022?云南省?單元測(cè)試）一Look,thereisacutebird,Mom.

一Itflewintoourkitchenthewindowjustnow,Alex.

A.acrossB.throughC.aboveD.under

②among,between〃在...之間”的區(qū)別

among在（三者或三者以上）之間；

>Darningisthetallestamongtheboys.大明是男生里最高的.

between在（兩者）之間.常用詞組：between…and???

>ShesatbetweenLilyandLucy.她坐在了莉莉和露西的中間.

③in,on,to表方位關(guān)系時(shí)的區(qū)別

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in表示在范圍之內(nèi)（屬于該范圍）；on表示與某一地區(qū)接壤；to/off表示隔海相望.

>GuangdongisinthesouthofChina.（廣東屬于中國(guó)）

>GuangdongisonthesouthofHunan.（廣東不屬于湖南，但與湖南是毗鄰關(guān)系）

>JapanistotheeastofChina.（日本不屬于中國(guó)，而且隔海相望）

④表方位的介詞on,in,behind,after之間的區(qū)別

on表示在某人、某物的左邊或右邊

>JimsitsonmyrightandTomsitonmyleft.吉姆坐在我右邊,湯姆坐在我左邊.

in用來(lái)表示在第幾排；

>IsitinRow5.我坐在第五排.

behind用來(lái)表示〃在...后面”；

>LiLeisitsbehindme.李雷坐在我后面.

after〃在……之后/后面”，表方位時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)順序

>Boyswalkaftergirls.男生走在女生后面.

考點(diǎn)3：其他介詞的用法

①except〃除去"，表示不包括后面所提到的人或物在內(nèi)的.

>Nobodywaslateexceptme.除了我，沒(méi)有人遲到.

（沒(méi)遲到的同學(xué)中不包括我,即只有我遲到了）

besides〃除……以外還有”，表示包括后面所提到的人或物在內(nèi)的.

>Tonywasalsolatebesidesme.除了我，Tony也遲到了.

（遲到的同學(xué)中包括我,我和Tony都遲到了）

beside”在...旁邊”

>Comeandsitbesideme.過(guò)來(lái)坐在我旁邊.

（2019?河北省邯鄲市?月考試卷）AlltheworkerswenthomeyesterdayMr.

Wang.Becausehewasonduty.

A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.beside

②表示方式時(shí)with,in,by的區(qū)別

with介詞,表示〃用（工具）”.

>Wewalkwithourfeet.我們用腳走路.

in介詞，表示〃用（材料、語(yǔ)言、聲音）”.

>CanyousayitinEnglish?你可以用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)它嗎？

by介詞，表示〃以……方式、方法、手段”，或表交通工具.

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>Igotoschoolbybike.我騎自行車(chē)上學(xué).

③from和介詞to

from〃來(lái)自"；〃根據(jù)，從……來(lái)看”；〃從……時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)”

to〃到，往,去"；〃到……時(shí)間/地點(diǎn)”

from…to…”從...到...."，表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)

>WegotoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.從周一到周五我們上學(xué).

>PleasegetonthetrainfromBeijingtoShanghai.請(qǐng)上從北京到上海的火車(chē).

考點(diǎn)4介詞短語(yǔ)

agreewith同意arriveat/in至U達(dá)atonce立亥Uatthesametime

同時(shí)

attheageof在，??歲時(shí)beangrywith升，,?的氣begoodat/dowellin擅

長(zhǎng)于

beinterestedin對(duì)…感興趣belatefor遲到bestrictwith對(duì)…嚴(yán)格

bytheway順便說(shuō)onone'swayto…在…的路上bymistake錯(cuò)誤地

catchupwith趕上cheerup使…高興comeupwith提出

dependon依靠bedifferentfrom與…不同falloff掉下來(lái)

getalongwith相處hearof聽(tīng)說(shuō)hearfrom收到…來(lái)信

helpwith幫助inpublic在公共場(chǎng)合introuble處于困境中

insurprise驚奇地intime及時(shí)learnfrom向，,?學(xué)習(xí)

laughat嘲笑makefriendswith與，,,交朋友onfoot步行

regardas把，,?當(dāng)作toone'ssurprise使…驚奇的是withasmile微笑著

【辨析】

①onthewall緊貼在墻表面上的,〃在墻上”.inthewall鑲嵌在墻里的，〃在墻上”.

>ThereisamapofChinaonthewall.墻上有張中國(guó)地圖.（地圖是貼上去的）

>Thereisabigholeinthewall.墻上有個(gè)大洞.（洞是墻本身里的）

②onthetree長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上的果、葉等，〃在樹(shù)上”.inthetree外來(lái)的東西，〃在樹(shù)

上”.

ATherearemanyapplesonthetree.樹(shù)上有很多蘋(píng)果.（蘋(píng)果長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上用on）

>Therearemanybirdsinthetree.樹(shù)上有很多鳥(niǎo).（鳥(niǎo)外來(lái)的在樹(shù)上用in）

③with的意思是〃有”，表示伴隨；without的意思是〃沒(méi)有”.

>Iliveinabighousewithagarden.我住在帶有花園的一座大房子里.

>IliveinasmallflatwithoutaTV.我住在一個(gè)沒(méi)有電視的小公寓里.

④infrontof在...的前面（物體外面的前面）.

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inthefrontof在…的前部（物體里面的前面）.

>Thereisatreeinfrontoftheclassroom.教室前有棵樹(shù).（樹(shù)在教室外面）

>Thereisablackboardinthefrontoftheclassroom.教室前有塊黑板.（黑板在

教室里面）

考點(diǎn)5介詞的語(yǔ)法功能

介詞作為虛詞，不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子成分，后面必須接名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞、短語(yǔ),才能充

當(dāng)句子成分.特別注意介詞后面不能接動(dòng)詞原形,必須變成動(dòng)名詞形式v-ing,這個(gè)考點(diǎn)在初

中階段或中考中都很常見(jiàn),通常和非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考查.

Thankyoufor(tell)meaboutthedifferentfestivalsintheworld.

Iamlookingforwardto(go)backtomyhometown.(這里的to是介詞)

中考語(yǔ)法一介詞專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)

（共計(jì)50小題,每小題2分，總分100分.）

1.SpaceDayofChinafalls______April24theveryyear.

A.onB.byC.atD.in

2.Welcometoourstore.Wehaveskirts______allcolors______￥16each.

A.at;inB.in;forC.at;atD.in;in

3.Wehaveageographylesson______threeo'clock______Thursday

afternoon.

A.at;inB.in;inC.on;onD.at;on

4.You，dbetternothangoutafterschool______tellingyourparents.

Theymayworryaboutyou.

A.byB.withC.withoutD.after

5.Moreandmoreyoungpeoplegoskating____________winter.

A.atB.inC.onD.to

6.Happybirthday,Peter!Here，sagift__________you.

A.forB.inC.withD.from

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7.Weplantedsomeflowersthegardenyesterday.

A.onB.toC.inD.of

8.—Look,thereisacutebird,Mom.

一Itflewintoourkitchenthewindowjustnow,Alex.

A.acrossB.throughC.aboveD.under

9.—Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellmewherethenearestrestroomis?

一Gothehallwayandturnleft,it'sacrosstheteachers'

office.

A.along;fromB.to;ofC.down;to

10.Don，tuseyourmobilephonewhenyougotheroad.It's

dangerous.

A.throughB.overC.intoD.across

11.ThechildrenhereimprovetheirEnglishlisteningandspeaking

everyday.

A.onB.throughC.withD.by

12.TheywentclimbingthemorningofMay1andcameback

_theafternoon.

A.on;onB.in;inC.on;inD.in;on

13.—Oh,mygod!I'veleftmykeysintheroom.I'llhavetogetin

thewindow.

一It'sdangerous.You，dbetterwaitforyourmomtocomeback.

A.pastB.overC.acrossD.through

14.一Howlonghaveyoulivedinthenewflat?

一2010.

A.InB.AfterC.SinceD.Before

15.MoYan,sbooksareverypopular.Youcanfindtheyareonsale

manylanguages.

A.inB.toC.withD.at

16.Withtheteachers'help,IhaverealizedI'mnotthecenterthe

worldandlearnedtoputmyselfinothers，shoes.

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A.ofB.byC.upD.under

17.LucylivedinBeijingfrom20082012.

A.onB.toC.atD.of

18.Itisgreat______

ustogetsomanyfavouritebooksonInternationalChildren5sBookDay.

A.toB.withC.OfD.for

19.Ourclassaremuchsuretowinthebasketballgame______ClassThree.

A.ofB.inC.againstD.from

20.Hisopinionsaresimilar_____yoursbutdifferent_____Julia，s.

A.to;fromB.from;toC.as;withD.with;as

21.It'sverynice______picturesforme.

A.ofyoutodrawB.foryoutodrawC.foryoudrawing

D.ofyoudrawing

22.Iwanttolearnasecondforeignlanguage______English.

A.exceptB.besideC.besidesD.exceptfor

23.Thehigh-speedtrain______QingdaoandBeijingtravelsfasternow.The

trainridetakesonlyaboutthreehours.

A.fromB.amongC.inD.between

24.RobertHuntsometimesadvisesthestudentscommonproblems.

A.inB.aboutC.withD.for

25.ArecentstudyinAustraliashowsthatparentsarethetop

fiveworld5shardestjobs.

A.betweenB.amongC.fromD.above

26.Couldyoupleasegivemeahand?Ican5tcompletethetaskon

timeyourhelp.

A.withoutB.underC.withD.for

27.TaiwanispartofChina.Itisthesoutheastofourcountry.

A.toB.onC.inD.at

28.Mymothergetsupfiveo'clockeverymorningtocookbreakfast

forme.

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A.onB.atC.inD.for

29.ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishmovieinourschooltheevening

ofJune30.

A.atB.inC.forD.on

30.—HaveyouheardofthenewsaboutYuanLongping?

一Yes.It'sreportedthathepassedaway______theageof91yesterday.

A.atB.inC.on

31.Nohurry.Thebuswillarrivetenminutes.

A.atB.forC.inD.by

32.MariaisleavingforFrancesoonbyair.Shewillarrive

ParisthemorningofAugust8th.

A.at;inB.in;onC.in;inD.at;on

33.Look!Theyounggirlisdressingupanoldwomanablack

coat.

A.as;inB.as;ofC.in;asD.in;of

34.一Howdoyouusuallygotowork?

一Iusuallygotoworkcar,butsometimesfoot.

A.by;byB.on;onC.on;byD.by;on

35.Alltheworkerswenthomeyesterday______Mr.Wang.Becausehewason

duty.

A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.beside

36.Yourpaintingisnice_____thedarkcolour.

A.exceptB.besidesC.exceptforD.but

37.It'swrong______you______thedisabledpeople.

A.for;tolaughB.of;tolaugh

C.of;tolaughatD.for;tolaughat

38.一Idon'tthinkIcanwork_____themathproblem,

一Thinkhard,andyoucancomeup_____theanswer.

A.on;toB.out;withC.at;withD.on;for

39.一It'sverykind_____youtohelpmewithmyhousework.

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一Don'tmentionit.Iregardyoumyfamilymember.

A.for;ofB.for;asC.of;ofD.of;as

40.Theoldwomanlookedatme______surprise.

A.inB.toC.withD.by

41.______mysurprise,hedidn，tpasstheexam.

A.ToB.InC.ByD.At

42.WangPingisagoodstudentandshealwaysgetstoschool________time.

A.onB.inC.atD.of

43.Hurryup,ifyouwanttobe________forthebeginningofthefilm

A.allthetime