人教版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊(cè)復(fù)習(xí)學(xué)案 UNIT 3 SEA EXPLORATION

UNIT3SEAEXPLORATION基礎(chǔ)默寫(xiě)Ⅰ.核心單詞——寫(xiě)其形1.talen.故事；敘述2.withdrawvi.&vt.（過(guò)去式withdrew；過(guò)去分詞withdrawn）（使）撤回；撤離3.bondn.紐帶；關(guān)系vt.&vi.增強(qiáng)信任關(guān)系；使牢固結(jié)合4.laptopn.筆記本電腦；便攜式電腦5.taxvt.對(duì)……征稅；使納稅n.稅；稅款6.underwateradv.在水下adj.水下的7.meanwhileadv.與此同時(shí)；（比較兩方面）對(duì)比之下8.arrestn.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止Ⅱ.拓展單詞——通其變1.extendvt.擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)→extensionn.擴(kuò)大；延伸→extensiveadj.廣泛的；廣闊的2.negotiatevt.商定；達(dá)成（協(xié)議）vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商→negotiationn.談判；協(xié)商3.professionn.職業(yè)；行業(yè)→professionaladj.專業(yè)的；職業(yè)的n.職業(yè)運(yùn)動(dòng)員→professionallyadv.專業(yè)地；內(nèi)行地→professorn.教授4.mixvt.&vi.（使）混合；調(diào)配→mixedadj.混合的→mixturen.混合；結(jié)合體；混合物5.covervt.覆蓋；報(bào)道→coveragen.新聞報(bào)道；覆蓋范圍6.applaudvt.&vi.鼓掌vt.稱贊；贊賞→applausen.鼓掌；掌聲7.migratevi.移居；移動(dòng)；遷移→migrationn.遷移；遷徙；移居8.mercyn.仁慈；寬恕；恩惠→mercifuladj.寬大的；仁慈的9.possessvt.擁有；具有；支配→possessionn.[pl.]個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)；擁有；控制10.opposevt.反對(duì)→opposedadj.強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的→oppositeadj.對(duì)面的；相反的n.對(duì)立面prep.與……相對(duì)→opponentn.對(duì)手；反對(duì)者Ⅲ.閱讀單詞——曉其意1.merchantn.商人；批發(fā)商adj.海上貨運(yùn)的2.fleetn.艦隊(duì)；機(jī)群；車隊(duì)3.beholdvt.看；看見(jiàn)4.leaguen.等級(jí)；水平；聯(lián)合會(huì)；聯(lián)賽5.royaladj.皇家的；高貴的6.spicen.（調(diào)味）香料7.channeln.航道；海峽；頻道8.tournamentn.錦標(biāo)賽；聯(lián)賽9.mannedadj.有人控制的；需人操縱的10.capsulen.膠囊；太空艙11.coraln.珊瑚12.exploitvt.開(kāi)發(fā)；利用13.murdervt.&n.謀殺14.logvt.把……載入正式記錄；記錄n.正式記錄；日志；原木15.marineadj.海的；海產(chǎn)的Ⅳ.核心短語(yǔ)——明搭配1.reachout伸（手）；伸手（拿……）2.withdrawfrom退出；撤回3.inhand在手頭；可供使用4.searchfor尋找；搜尋5.amixtureof...and...……與……的混合6.underthecommandof在……的指揮下7.forthebenefitof為了……的利益8.setsail起航；開(kāi)航9.inaleagueofone’sown獨(dú)領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷10.pressconference記者招待會(huì)；新聞發(fā)布會(huì)Ⅴ.經(jīng)典句式——會(huì)運(yùn)用1.Tocompletethegreatmapoftheworldwasastrongpassionforthepeopleofearlycivilizations.（動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)）繪制世界大地圖是早期文明人們的強(qiáng)烈愿望。2.TheaimofthisinitiativeistoencouragecooperationandtradeacrossthehistoricSilkRoadareas，andstrengthenthebondsbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworld.（Theaim...istodo...）這一倡議的目的是鼓勵(lì)史上著名的絲綢之路地區(qū)的合作與貿(mào)易，加強(qiáng)中國(guó)與世界其他地區(qū)的聯(lián)系。3.Fromascientificpointofview，thereisanurgentneedtostudytheArcticinordertounderstandclimatechangeanditseffects.（Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.）從科學(xué)的角度來(lái)看，迫切需要研究北極，以了解氣候變化及其影響。4.Weneedtounderstandwhatishappeningtoourplanetsothatwecantakeaction.（sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句）我們需要了解我們的星球正在發(fā)生什么，以便我們能夠采取行動(dòng)。5.Hopefully，astechnologyimproves，wemayhavemoreoptionsformanagingthisbalance.（as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）希望隨著技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，我們可以有更多的選擇來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)這種平衡。語(yǔ)境自測(cè)Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)（用本單元詞匯）1.Thepolicehadhimarrestedandsenthimtojail.2.MayIuseyourlaptoptosubmitaform？Minewaslefthome.3.Abondoffriendshiphasbeenformedbetweenthetwogirlsafterthecompetition.4.Thedrugwaswithdrawnfromsaleafteranumberofpeoplesufferedserioussideeffects.5.Thedoctorwillseeyouagainnextmonth.Meanwhile，youmusttakethesepillsonceaday.6.Mostparentstellfairytalestotheirchildrenbeforesleeping.7.Takeadeepbreathandseehowlongyoucanstayunderwater.8.Thegovernmentismakingeffortstocutdownontax（es）forlocalcompanies.Ⅱ.用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Somepeoplethinkthatopponentsonlygivethempressure，whileothersareopposedtotheideaandbelievetheycanbringtheoppositeeffect.（oppose）2.Theprofessorgaveussuchaprofessionalintroductionabouthisprofession.（profession）3.Thegirlwhopossessesthequalitiesofintelligenceandcreativityhasaccumulatedagreatmanypossessions.Nowadays，sheisinpossessionoftwofamousfirms.（possess）4.Icamehomefromthemeetingwithmixedfeelings.Itwasamixtureofexcitementandnervousness.（mix）5.Theaudiencebrokeintoapplause.Theykeptapplaudinguntilthenextperformerwalkedontothestage.（applaud）6.Theissueisstillundernegotiation（negotiate）.Ⅲ.用方框內(nèi)短語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式完成句子withdrawfrom inhand searchforforthebenefitof underthecommandof1.Ithappensthatwearesearchingforanewteamcoach.Wouldyouliketocome？2.Weneedmorepeopletoworkforthebenefitofthecommunity.3.ThethreeclassesareallunderthecommandofMrBrown，sohemustberesponsibleforeveryone.4.Ifyouapplyyourselftothejobinhand，you’llsoonfinishit.5.Shehadkindofexpectedhimtowithdrawfromthecourse，becauseitwasobviouslybeyondhisreach.Ⅳ.句式仿寫(xiě)1.早睡很重要，尤其當(dāng)你第二天有考試時(shí)。（動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)）Tosleepearlyisofgreatsignificanceespeciallywhenyouhaveatestthenextday.2.演講比賽的目的是喚起學(xué)生節(jié)約糧食的意識(shí)。（Theaim...istodo...）Theaimofthespeechcontestistoarousethestudents’awarenessofsavingfood.3.迫切需要教育人們垃圾分類的重要性。（Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.）Thereisanurgentneedtoeducatepeopleaboutthesignificanceofgarbageclassification.4.我們所有人都應(yīng)該感激我們所擁有的，這樣我們才能過(guò)上幸福的生活。（sothat引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句）Allofusshouldbegratefulforwhatwehavesothatwecanliveahappylife.5.他在森林里迷了路，隨著夜幕降臨，他感到非常害怕和孤獨(dú)。（as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）Hehadlosthiswayintheforestandasdarknessfellhefeltveryfrightenedandlonely.1.LongbeforeMarcoPolo’stalesinspiredEuropeanexplorers，merchantsandexplorershadsetsailfromeasttowest.TheSilkRoadacrosstheseawasevenextendedtotheIndianOceanapartfromtheoverlandroute.There，merchantsmettonegotiatetradedeals.IntheMingDynasty，ZhengHesetsailtotheeastcoastofAfrica.Africanroyalfamiliessentgiftsinreturnforsilkandspices.AlthoughChinawithdrewfromfurtherexpeditionslater，thesesearoutesremainedactivechannels.ThehistoricSilkRoadnowhelpstostrengthenthepolitical，economicandculturalbondsbetweenChinaandothercountries.Withthelatesttechnologyinhand，Chinaisreachingoutacrosstheseafarintothefuture.2.Somepeoplearguethatexploringtheseaisnotexploitingit.However，somecountriesarestill"murdering"intelligentmarinecreatureslikewhaleswithoutmercyaccordingtomediacoverage.Theseaishometolife，nothumanbeings’possessions.Allofusinanyprofessionshouldprotectit.Meanwhile，someopponentsapplaudseaexploration，believingthattounderstanditistobetterprotectit.1extendvt.擴(kuò)展；使伸長(zhǎng)；延長(zhǎng)；擴(kuò)大……的范圍（或影響）；給予vi.包括；涉及（范圍）1.[人教選必①－5]Theshelter...iscomprisedoftwolargetunnelsthatwereintendedtoonedaybecomeanextension（extend）oftheLondonUnderground.2.Everyonewasimpressedbyhisextensive（extend）knowledgeofmusic.3.《史記》共52萬(wàn)余字，涉及3000多年的歷史，分為五部分，共130篇。Totallingover520，000Chinesecharactersandextendingoveraperiodofmorethan3，000years，RecordsoftheHistorianconsistsof130chaptersinfivecategories.4.我很榮幸代表我們班向您發(fā)出邀請(qǐng)。 （邀請(qǐng)信）Itismyhonourtoextendaninvitationtoyouonbehalfofourclass.★extendsth.tosb.給予某人某物★extensionn.擴(kuò)大；延伸；延長(zhǎng)（或擴(kuò)大）的事物extensiveadj.廣泛的；廣闊的extendedadj.延長(zhǎng)了的；擴(kuò)展了的2negotiatevt.商定；達(dá)成（協(xié)議）vi.談判；磋商；協(xié)商1.[譯林選必④－2]Forexample，ifyouareabusinesspersonnegotiatingwithalargeenterpriseabout/foradeal，youshoulddoitfacetoface，usingformallanguageinastraightforwardmanner.2.Theproblemissotoughthatitisstillundernegotiation（negotiate）.3.參加這次活動(dòng)提高了我們的談判技巧，培養(yǎng)了我們的團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。 （活動(dòng)意義）Participationintheactivity（has）improvedournegotiationskillsandbuiltourteamspirit.★negotiatewithsb.about/forsth.和某人商議某事★negotiationn.談判；協(xié)商undernegotiation在商談中innegotiationwith和……協(xié)商中3mercyn.仁慈，寬??；恩惠，幸運(yùn)1.[譯林選必④－1]Ashipwithoutananchorisatthemercyofthewavesandwinds...2.Shewassuchamerciful（mercy）womanthatsheoftendistributedfoodandclothingtothehomeless.3.他們?cè)诤＠锲艘徽熘?，大自然?duì)他們展示了些許憐憫。 （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之情境描寫(xiě)）→①Natureshowedalittlemercytothem/hadalittlemercyonthemaftertheyhadfloatedontheseaforawholeday.（mercy）→②Naturewasalittlemercifultothemaftertheyhadfloatedontheseaforawholeday.（merciful）★showmercyto/havemercyon對(duì)……憐憫或?qū)捤ithoutmercy殘忍地；毫無(wú)同情心地atthemercyof任由……擺布或控制★mercifuladj.寬大的；仁慈的bemercifulto對(duì)……仁慈★mercilessadj.殘忍的4possessionn.擁有；控制；[usuallypl.]個(gè)人財(cái)產(chǎn)1.[人教選必④－4]Theonlypossessions（possess）Icouldseewereonebroom，afewsaucers，akettle，cups，pans，andacoupleofjars.2.Thepossession（possess）ofapassportisessentialforforeigntravel.3.Youcansucceedonlywhenyouhaveagoodmood.→Onlywhenyouareinpossessionofagoodmoodcanyousucceed.（倒裝；詞匯升級(jí)）4.作為中國(guó)四大名著之一，這本書(shū)具有極大的智慧和中文的精髓，值得一讀。 （推介信）RegardedasoneofthefourfamousChineseclassicsofliterature，thebookpossessesgreatwisdomandtheessenceofChinese，whichmakesitworthwhiletoread.（possess）★inpossessionof擁有（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)）insb.’spossession＝inthepossessionofsb.為某人所有takepossessionof擁有；占有（強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作）★possessvt.擁有；具有（特質(zhì)）；（情緒等）控制5inhand在手頭；可供使用（available）；在掌握中1.inhandhandinhandhandoutbyhand①[人教必修①－1]EveryWednesday，weworkatasoupkitchenandhandoutfoodtohomelesspeopleinthecommunity.②[人教選必①－5]PeanutsareplantedinAprilorMay.Ittakesaround120to160daysforthemtobereadyforharvesting.Thisisusuallydonebyhand.③[人教選必②－3]Whatwecansay，however，isthatcultureandcuisinegohandinhand，andifyoudonotexperienceone，youcanneverreallyknowtheother.④[人教選必④－3]Withlotsoffoodanddrinkinhand，theysetofffortheirpicnic.2.一方面，他們想要孩子；另一方面，他們又不想放棄自由自在的生活。Ontheonehand，they’dlovetohavekids；ontheother（hand），theydon’twanttogiveuptheirfreedom.3.[人教必修③－3]它們可以讓從未到過(guò)中國(guó)的游客親自體驗(yàn)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化。TheyallowvisitorswhohaveneverbeentoChinatoexperiencetraditionalChineseculture（at）firsthand.★athand（在時(shí)間或距離上）接近（close）byhand手工（at）firsthand第一手；親自handinhand手拉手；密切關(guān)聯(lián)give/lendahelpinghand幫助ontheonehand...ontheother（hand）...一方面……，另一方面……★handin上交handdown傳給（后代）handout分發(fā)6reachout伸出（手）1.[外研選必①－6]CuonaLakeissoclosetotherailwaythatIwanttoreachoutandtouchitspalebluemirror-likesurface.2.[外研選必④－6]ThesacrificeoftheChallengercallstous，remindingusthatwemustcontinuetoreachforthestars，nomatterhowdistanttheymightseem.3.盡管Meredith一家并不富裕，但他們總是愿意力所能及地向他人伸出援手。 （人物介紹）AlthoughtheMeredithsweren’twelloff，theywerealwayswillingtoreachouttootherswithintheirreach.★reachouttosb.對(duì)某人感興趣；向某人伸出援手reachfor伸出手去拿……reachaconclusion/decision/goal得出結(jié)論/做出決定/達(dá)成目標(biāo)★within/beyond/outof（the）reachof在……能力可及的范圍內(nèi)/外7Thereisanurgentneedtodosth.迫切需要做某事。1.Thereisnopointpushing（push）themtopracticeunlesstheyaretalentedandtheyenjoyit.2.It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.[諺語(yǔ)翻譯]覆水難收/后悔也于事無(wú)補(bǔ)。3.全球變暖已經(jīng)成為海洋生物的一大威脅，迫切需要我們盡一切努力來(lái)對(duì)抗全球變暖。（保護(hù)海洋）Thereisanurgentneedforustotryeverymeanstofightagainstglobalwarmingwhichhasbecomeagreatthreattoseacreatures.4.[人教選必④－4]毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，這些活動(dòng)將給你留下難忘的回憶。 （活動(dòng)總結(jié)）Thereisnodoubtthattheseactivitieswillleaveyouwithunforgettablememories.★Thereisnoneed（forsb.）todo...（某人）不需要做……★Thereisevidence/nodoubt/nodenyingthat...有證據(jù)表明/毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)/不可否認(rèn)……Thereisnouse/good/point/sense（in）doing...做……沒(méi)有意義。8as引導(dǎo)的從句1.我的所有隊(duì)員都對(duì)這次比賽感到興奮，因?yàn)槲覀儗?duì)計(jì)算機(jī)編程有著極大的熱情。Allmyteammembersareexcitedaboutthiscompetitionaswehavegreatenthusiasmforcomputerprogramming.2.雖然我們很累，但我們感到很放松，對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)也變得更加熱情。Tiredaswewere，wefeltrelaxedandwebecamemorepassionateaboutsports.3.我們都知道，沒(méi)有付出就沒(méi)有收獲。 （讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)之主旨升華）Asweallknow，nopain，nogain.4.然而，隨著比賽的進(jìn)行，我變得非常疲憊，再也跟不上其他選手了。However，astheracewenton，Ibecameextremelytiredandcouldn’tkeepupwithotherracersanymore.5.湯姆很聰明，他完全按照老師教他的那樣做了。Tomwassointelligentthathedidexactlyastheteacherhadtaughthim.★as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"因?yàn)??！颽s引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"盡管，雖然"，狀語(yǔ)從句需要倒裝。★as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"隨著"?！颽s引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"像……一樣，正如"?！颽s引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)是as...as。前一個(gè)as是副詞；后一個(gè)as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"像……一樣，正如"?！颽s引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，表示"正如，像"，指代整個(gè)主句，在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，從句可位于句首、句中或句末，通常由逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)。Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空——詞形轉(zhuǎn)換、固定搭配1.[2023新高考Ⅰ]WhenIhandedintheessaytomyteacher，hereadit，laughedoutloud，andsaid，"Great.Now，writeitagain."2.[2022全國(guó)甲]Throughouthercareer（職業(yè)）asaprofessional（profession）dancer，shetouredintheUK，butalwayslongedtoexplorefurther.3.[2021新高考Ⅰ]Jeffbroketwoeggsintoaplateandaddedinsomemilk.Jennafoundthebreadandputtwoslicesintotheeggmixture（mix）.4.[全國(guó)Ⅲ]Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension（extend），simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.5.[浙江高考]...IsteppedfootontoUCR’scampus，whereover400organizationsexist，rangingfrompolitical（politics）organizationstokarateclub.6.[江蘇高考]Whenheselectsnewsoftheotherkind，heusuallywithdrawsfromtheworldofthreateningrealitytowardthedreamworld.Ⅱ.閱讀理解——一詞多義、熟詞生義1.[2020全國(guó)Ⅱ]Itwasaspecialtimetobondwithmychildrenanditfilledthemwiththewondermentofbooks. v.增強(qiáng)親密關(guān)系2.[天津高考]Boldness—awillingnesstoextendyourselftotheextreme—isnotonethatcanbeacquiredovernight. v.使竭盡全力Ⅲ.寫(xiě)作——基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作、讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)寫(xiě)作一基礎(chǔ)寫(xiě)作——保護(hù)海洋[2022全國(guó)甲]你校將以六月八日世界海洋日為主題，舉辦英語(yǔ)征文比賽。請(qǐng)你寫(xiě)一篇短文投稿。內(nèi)容包括：1.海洋的重要性；2.保護(hù)海洋的倡議?！?qū)懽饕c(diǎn)1.海洋面積約占地球的四分之三，對(duì)全球氣候至關(guān)重要。（extend）Extendingaboutthreequartersoftheplanet，oceansarecrucialfortheglobalclimate.2.海洋生物也為我們提供了豐富的資源和食物。（marine）Marinelifealsoprovidesabundantresourcesandfoodforus.3.我們有責(zé)任保護(hù)海洋，而不是將海洋視為任由人類擺布的財(cái)產(chǎn)。（possession，mercy）It’sourresponsibilitytoprotectoceansinsteadofregardingthemasourpossessionsthatcanbeatthemercyofhumankind.4.利用手頭可用的先進(jìn)技術(shù)，盡我們所能做出改變。（inhand）Dowhateverwecanwithadvancedtechnologiesinhandtomakeadifference.5.同時(shí)，我們也應(yīng)該呼吁周圍的人采取行動(dòng)。（meanwhile）Meanwhile，we’resupposedtocallonpeoplearoundustotakeaction，too.◎連句成篇請(qǐng)運(yùn)用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞將以上寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)串聯(lián)成一篇語(yǔ)意連貫的短文。OurOceans，OurResponsibilityJune8thwasofficiallynamedbytheUNin2009asWorldOceansDay.Itaimstoraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingoceans.Itgoeswithoutsayingthatoceansplayacriticalroleintheworld.Extendingaboutthreequartersoftheplanet，oceansarecrucialfortheglobalclimate.Inaddition，marinelifealsoprovidesabundantresourcesandfoodforus.It’sourresponsibilitytoprotectoceansinsteadofregardingthemasourpossessionsthatcanbeatthemercyofhumankind.Firstofall，dowhateverwecanwithadvancedtechnologiesinhandtomakeadifference.Forexample，stopthrowinggarbageintooceans.Meanwhile，we’resupposedtocallonpeoplearoundustotakeaction，too.Ibelievewewillhavecleaneroceans.寫(xiě)作二讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)——?jiǎng)幼髅鑼?xiě)之各種"程度"積累背誦仿寫(xiě)運(yùn)用單詞further，quite，rather，highly，greatly，fairly，extremely，absolutely，totally，completely，fully，entirely，really，awfully，deeply，partly，slightly，largely，widely，perfectly，badly，enormously，nearly，desperately，enough；severe根據(jù)左欄素材完成下列各句1.小男孩完全被弄糊涂了，弄不明白這個(gè)故事的含義。于是他請(qǐng)導(dǎo)游進(jìn)一步解釋。Thelittleboywascompletelypuzzled/confusedandcouldnotfigureouttheimplicationofthestory.Soheaskedtheguidetoexplainfurther.2.她最好的朋友在婚禮上發(fā)表的發(fā)自內(nèi)心的演講深深地感動(dòng)了她。Shewasdeeplymovedbytheheartfeltspeechgivenbyherbestfriendatthewedding.3.在街上漫無(wú)目的地閑逛了幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，她感到有點(diǎn)餓了，想要吃點(diǎn)東西。Havingwanderedaimlesslyinthestreetforhours，shefeltalittlehungryandwishedforsomethingtoeat.4.杰克的話使羅絲大為惱火，她非常生氣地喊道："你為什么總是做什么事都這么慢？"Jack’swordsthrewRoseintogreatfuryandshegotextremely/veryangry，shouting"Whyareyoualwayssoslowateverything？"5.他低著頭向老太太道歉："我對(duì)此感到非常抱歉。我向你保證，這種事不會(huì)再發(fā)生了。"Withhisheaddown，heapologizedtotheoldlady，"I’mterriblysorryaboutit.Iassureyouitwon’thappenagain."詞組alot，abit，alittle，agreatdeal，tosomeextent，inlargepart在很大程度上佳句1.Gracekeptquietbecauseshethoughtshewasnotgoodenoughtoplayforanaudience.格蕾絲保持沉默，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為自己不夠好，不適合為觀眾演奏。2.Theteachersaid，"Sally，youhaveworkedreallyhardandfullydeservethepraiseforyouroutstandingperformance."老師說(shuō)："薩莉，你學(xué)習(xí)很努力，你的出色表現(xiàn)完全值得表?yè)P(yáng)。"3.Shockedanddumb，Gradywasrootedtothegroundforseconds，andthendashedtotheircampdesperately，shoutingforhelpinthemeantime.格雷迪被嚇得目瞪口呆，呆住幾秒鐘，然后拼命沖向他們的營(yíng)地，同時(shí)大聲呼救。4.Obviously，thatexperiencehadaprofoundimpactonmylife.顯然，那次經(jīng)歷對(duì)我的生活產(chǎn)生了深遠(yuǎn)的影響。一、閱讀理解A[2024天星原創(chuàng)]Oneoftheocean’snoisiestcreaturesissmallerthanyou’dexpect—snappingshrimp（鼓蝦）.Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoiseintheunderwaterenvironment，whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood.Whenenoughshrimpsnap（發(fā)出噼啪聲）atonce，thenoisecandominatethesoundscapeofcoastalwaters.AranMooney，abiologistatWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution，suggestedthatwithincreasedoceantemperatures，snappingshrimpwillsnapmoreoftenandlouderthanbefore.Thiscouldraisethebackgroundnoiseoftheglobalocean."Theymakeasoundbyclosingaclawsofast.Thismakesabubble（泡泡）andwhenthatbubbleexplodes，itmakesthatsnappingsound，"saidMooney.Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwatersanddeafening，morefrequentsnappingshrimpsoundsbyexperimentingwiththeshrimpintanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures."Asthetemperaturerises，thesnaprateincreases，"hesaid.Thismakessensebecauseshrimpareessentiallycold-bloodedanimals，meaningtheirbodytemperatureandactivitylevelsarelargelycontrolledbytheirlivingenvironment."Wecanactuallyshowinthefieldthatnotonlydosnapratesincrease，butthesoundlevelsincreaseaswell，"hesaid.Howtheloudersnappingshrimpwouldbotherorbenefitthesurroundingsremainedtobeseen."Weknowthatfishusesoundtocommunicate，"Mooneysaid."Iftheenvironmentgetsnoisy，ithasthepotentialtoinfluencethatcommunication.That’ssomethingwehavetofollowupon."Thereisalsothepossibilitythatthechangeofsnappingshrimpdisturbsinstrumentshumansusetodetectmines，whichcouldhaveimplicationsfornationaldefense.本文是說(shuō)明文。鼓蝦是一種體型很小卻能發(fā)出很大聲音的海洋生物，隨著氣候變暖及海水升溫，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音也日益增大，這可能會(huì)影響其他海洋生物和人類。1.Whatcanweknowaboutthesnappingshrimp’ssound？A.Ithasmultipleuses.B.Itisvitaltotheecosystem.C.Itishardtobedetected.D.Itaimstoprotecttheshrimp.解析A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的"Theycreateawidespreadbackgroundnoise...whichhelpsthemcommunicate，defendterritoriesandhuntforfood"可知，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音有助于它們交流、保衛(wèi)領(lǐng)土和尋找食物，即其聲音有多種作用，故本題選A。2.HowdoesMooneyreachtheconclusion？A.Byobservingsnappingshrimpinthefield.B.Byrecordingsnapratesinthelab.C.Byanalyzingthewayshrimpmakenoise.D.Bycomparingshrimp’ssoundindifferentplaces.解析D推理判斷題。由第三段的"Mooneydetectedastrongrelationshipbetweenwarmerwaters...tanksinthelabandbylisteningtotheshrimpintheoceanatvariouswatertemperatures"可知，Mooney通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)室的水箱用鼓蝦做實(shí)驗(yàn)，并聽(tīng)海洋中各種水溫里的鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音，發(fā)現(xiàn)了溫暖的水域與震耳欲聾、更頻繁的鼓蝦聲之間的密切關(guān)系，即他通過(guò)對(duì)比不同地點(diǎn)鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音得出了結(jié)論，所以本題選D。3.WhatmightMooneyresearchnext？A.Applicationsofshrimp’ssound.B.Impactsofthenoiseonothercreatures.C.Meansofcommunicationamongfish.D.Methodsofpreventingshrimp’ssnapping.解析B推理判斷題。最后一段提到吵鬧的鼓蝦會(huì)如何干擾或有益于周圍環(huán)境還有待觀察。如果環(huán)境變得嘈雜，它有可能影響魚(yú)類之間的交流，Mooney認(rèn)為這是他們必須跟進(jìn)的研究。還有一種可能性是，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音變大會(huì)干擾人類用來(lái)探測(cè)水雷的儀器。由此可推斷，Mooney接下來(lái)可能會(huì)研究鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音對(duì)其他生物的影響，故本題選B。4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext？A.UnderwaterWorldIsNoLongerQuietB.SmallAnimalsMakeaBigDifferenceC.WarmingOceansAreGettingLouderD.SnappingShrimp’sNoiseSpeaksMuch解析C標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，文章主要介紹了隨著氣候變暖及海水溫度升高，鼓蝦發(fā)出的聲音也日益增大，發(fā)出聲音的頻率也增加，這可能會(huì)影響其他海洋生物和人類。C項(xiàng)"變暖的海洋變得更吵鬧"形象貼切地總結(jié)了文章內(nèi)容，做本文的標(biāo)題最佳。B[2023河南名校聯(lián)考]Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor112milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia.Thishugemeadow（草地）hasspreadwidelyallthroughSharkBay.Theseagrassplantisbelievedtobearound4，500yearsold.Manyplantscreatenewplantsbygrowingflowersandspreadingseeds.TheDNAoftheplantsthatgrowfromtheseseedsisslightlydifferentfromtheDNAoftheplantsthattheseedscamefrom.BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow.Whattheylearnedshockedthem—allofthegrasssampleshadalmostexactlythesameDNA.Thatmeantthattheywerealljustoneplant，onebigseagrassplantspreadingoutover77squaremiles.Thismakesitthelargestknownplantintheworldbyfar.SohowhastheSharkBayseagrassgrownsolarge？Insteadofspreadingwithflowersandseeds，itspreadsbycloning（克隆）itself.Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots.TheseagrassinSharkBayisalsounusualinanotherway.It’sa"polyploid".Usually，anorganism（有機(jī)體）hastwoparents，andgetshalfofitsDNAfromeach.ButpolyploidorganismshavealloftheDNAfrombothparents，meaningtheyhavetwiceasmuchDNA.ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions.TheSharkBayseagrassgenerallygrowsandspreadsabout14inchesayear.BecauseofthehistoryofSharkBayandtherateofgrowth，thescientistsbelievethattheplantisabout4，500yearsold.本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了他們認(rèn)為世界上最大的植物：澳大利亞西海岸綿延1.12英里的一片水下海草田。這片巨大的草地遍布鯊魚(yú)灣。這種海草被認(rèn)為大約有4500年的歷史。1.WhydidthescientistscomparetheDNAoftheseaplants？A.Tofindwaystoprotectseaplants.B.Todiscoverthediversityofseaplants.C.Toidentifytheoldestplantsinthesea.D.Toexploretheunknownoceanresources.解析B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段最后一句"BycomparingtheDNAfromtheirsamples，thescientistshopedtogetanideaofhowmanydifferentseagrassplantstherewereinthemeadow"可知，科學(xué)家比較海洋植物的DNA是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)海洋植物的多樣性，故選B。2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheseagrassinSharkBay？A.ItsDNAcannotbecloned.B.Itbloomsandbearsmanyseeds.C.Itsrootsareaconnectedwhole.D.Itisthefastestgrowinggrassintheworld.解析C推理判斷題。由第四段最后一句"Asitsrootsspreadoutundertheseafloor，newplantsshootupfromthoseroots"可推知，鯊魚(yú)灣的海草的根是一個(gè)相連的整體，故選C。3.Whatisoneoftheadvantagesofpolyploidorganisms？A.Gainingtheabilitytogrowbigger.B.Gettingpartsoftheparents’DNA.C.Havinganadvantageoveranyotherseaplant.D.Beingmoreadaptabletotoughconditions.解析D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第五段最后一句"ThescientiststhinktheextraDNAmaymakeiteasierfortheseagrasstosurviveindifficultconditions"可知，多倍體生物的優(yōu)點(diǎn)之一是更能適應(yīng)惡劣的環(huán)境，故選D。4.Whatisthemainideaofthistext？A.Geneticchangesinseagrass.B.Theecologicalstatusoftheseafloor.C.Scientistsfoundworld’slargestplant.D.Newunderwatergrassisdiscovered.解析C主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，第一段第一句"Scientistshavediscoveredwhattheybelieveistheworld’slargestplant，anunderwaterfieldofseagrassthatstretchesfor1.12milesoffthewestcoastofAustralia"為文章的主題句，下面內(nèi)容是圍繞該句展開(kāi)的，由此可知，C項(xiàng)切題。二、完形填空Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins.Thedolphinspushschoolsoffishinthe1oftheshoreandthenjumpoutofthewater，2tothefishermentorapidlycastouttheirnets.Thefishermenmakealargecatch，and3，thedolphinslookaroundforthefishthathavemissedthefishingnets—aquickandeasymeal！Thisdolphin-human4isespeciallyunique，becauseitis5tobothhumansanddolphins.Accordingtoastudy6withunderwatersoundrecordings，dolphinsoccupiedwiththisrelationshipwithhumansare13％morelikelyto7inthewild.Thisisbecausetheystayneartheshoresoftheoceanandarelesslikelytobe8whenfishingnetsarethrownintotheopenocean.InLaguna，fishingwithfellowdolphinshasbecomea（n）9inmanyfamilies，thoughthedolphinsarenot10trainedforthispurpose.Fromtheir11，fishermenpassontheirknowledgetotheirchildren，teachingthemto12withtheirpartnersthroughclickingnoisesandhowtodistinguishdolphinbehaviors.Interestingly，thisisnotthefirsttimehumansandotherspeciesofanimalshave13tohuntforfoodtogether.InAfrica，thehoneyguides，asmallbirdspeciesthat14onbeeswax，uselargenoisesandcallstocommunicate，leadinghumanstotreeswherebees’nestsare15.Researchershopethatfuturegenerationswillbeabletocarryonthisspecialtradition.本文主要介紹了巴西Laguna的漁民和海豚合作捕魚(yú)的共生現(xiàn)象。1.A.form B.centerC.direction D.position解析C海豚把成群的魚(yú)向海岸的方向（direction）驅(qū)趕，然后跳出水面，示意漁民們快速撒下他們的網(wǎng)，故選C。2.A.reporting B.promisingC.answering D.signaling解析D參見(jiàn)上題解析。signal示意，發(fā)出信號(hào)。3.A.inreturn B.inbalanceC.inbrief D.inadvance解析A漁民們捕獲了大量的魚(yú)，作為回報(bào)（inreturn），海豚四處尋找漏網(wǎng)的魚(yú)——一頓容易且快捷的飯。4.A.interaction B.interruptionC.instruction D.education解析A由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottlenosedolphins"以及第二段的具體描述可知，此處指的是海豚和人類的互助合作關(guān)系，故選A。5.A.restricted B.beneficialC.dangerous D.challenging解析B這種海豚和人類的互助合作是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的，因?yàn)檫@是對(duì)人類和海豚都有益的（beneficial）事情，故選B。restricted受限制的，dangerous危險(xiǎn)的，challenging有挑戰(zhàn)性的。6.A.designed B.conductedC.prepared D.observed解析B根據(jù)一項(xiàng)用水下錄音進(jìn)行（conducted）的研究，忙于與人類互助的海豚在野外活下來(lái)的可能性增加了百分之十三，故選B。design設(shè)計(jì)，prepare準(zhǔn)備，observe觀察。7.A.survive B.developC.suffer D.exist解析A參見(jiàn)上題解析。survive幸存。8.A.doubted B.controlledC.harmed D.shocked解析C這是因?yàn)樗鼈兇诤０陡浇?，?dāng)漁網(wǎng)被扔進(jìn)海洋里時(shí)被傷害（harmed）到的可能性更小，故選C。9.A.fashion B.traditionC.information D.impression解析B由第一段"Formorethanacentury，fishermeninLaguna，Brazil，havecaughtfishwiththehelpofbottl