人教版高中英語必修4知識點完整總結(jié)

人教版高中英語必修4知識點全面總結(jié)

必修1Unit1

Parti詞匯

1.behavev.

①［+adv./prep.］舉動，表現(xiàn)

Eg.Shehasbeenbehavedratheroddly.她一直表現(xiàn)頗為古怪。

②(使)舉止規(guī)矩有禮(+yourself)

Eg.Didchildrenbehavethemselves?孩子們表現(xiàn)乖不乖？

A詞語拓展

behaviorn.舉止，行為

A即學(xué)即練

1.Thejudgesaidthemurdererlikeanimals.

2.Tomwonaprizeforgoodatschool.

Key:l.hadbehaved2.behavior

2.observevt.

［過去式observed過去分詞observed現(xiàn)在分詞observing］

①看到，注意到；

Eg.Shepretendednottoobserveit.

②觀察，監(jiān)視；

Eg.Thepoliceobservedhimenter/enteringthebankwithagun.

③遵守，奉行法律/協(xié)議或習(xí)俗

Eg.Alltheserulesmustbestrictlyobserved.

A詞語拓展

adv.

observingly注意觀察地

n.

observation觀察；監(jiān)視；觀察報告

observer觀察者；［天］觀測者；遵守者

observance慣例;遵守;儀式；慶祝

A即學(xué)即練

用observe的正確形式填空。

1.Everywemakeinvolvestheexchangeofenergy.

2.Ithinkthat'swhatIlearnedfromhim:howtobean

Key:1.observation2.observer

3.respectvt.

尊敬；敬重；欽佩：

Allstudentsshouldrespecttheirteachers.

凡是學(xué)生就應(yīng)當(dāng)尊敬老師。

尊重；重視；遵守；不妨害；避免打擾：

Sherespectedherfather'slastwishesandburnedallhisphotos.

她遵從父親的遺愿，將他的相片統(tǒng)統(tǒng)燒掉。

關(guān)心；考慮；關(guān)于；涉及：

torespecttheopinionsofothers

考慮別人的意見

Thetermsoftheagreementrespecttheboundarylinebetweenthetwocountries.

協(xié)議的條款涉及兩國間的邊界線。

adj.

respectable值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相當(dāng)數(shù)量的

respectful恭敬的；有禮貌的

A詞語鏈接

haverespectfor關(guān)心；考慮，尊重；尊敬

haverespectto考慮到；注意到，關(guān)系到；牽涉到

holdsomeoneinrespect尊敬某人

showrespectfor對...表示尊敬（或尊重）

respectoneself自重，自尊

A即學(xué)即練A

選用上述詞語完成下列句子。

1.Oncetheyarefondofagirlandher,theywillneverdisappointherunderany

circumstances.

2.Torespectothersisto.

3.Buteachgenerationgrowsupintoparents,readytobeterrifiedtodeathofthenext

one.

4.Gradually,theybegantolookatmewitheyes.

Key:I.haverespectfor2.respectoneself3.respectable4.respectful

4.inspirevt.

鼓舞；激勵：

Hisspeechinspiredthesoldiers.

他的演說使士兵們大受鼓舞。

激發(fā)；激起；喚起（思想、感情等）（常與in連用）：

toinspireenthusiasminsomebody

激發(fā)某人的熱情

A詞語拓展

adj.

inspired有靈感的；官方授意的

inspiring鼓舞人心的；灌輸?shù)?；啟發(fā)靈感的

n.

inspiration靈感；鼓舞；吸氣；妙計

A詞語鏈接

Inspiresbtodosth鼓勵某人做某事

A即學(xué)即練

完成下列句子。

1.Whatanshewastoallaroundher!

2.Herspeechyesterdaymadeus.

Key:1.inspiration2.Inspiringinspired

辨析：inspire與encourage

encourage表示“鼓勵，激勵”的意思時，可以和inspire互換，但是encourage是普通用語,

重在信心鼓勵，而inspire是較為正式的用語，重在行動和啟發(fā)靈感。

用encourage/inspire填空

1.Hemetoapplyforthejob.

2.Thispoetwasbynaturalsceneryandwrotemanygreatpoems.

Key:1.encouraged2.inspired

5.argue以爭論，辯論；提出理由，辯論，爭論；證明；說服

Eg.Hertemperamentdisposedhertoarguereadilywithpeople.

她的急躁脾氣使她動不動就與人爭吵。

A詞語拓展

Argumentn.爭辯，爭吵，爭論

Arguableadj.有論據(jù)的，可論證的

A詞語鏈接

Arguewithsbabout/oversth和某人爭吵某事

Arguesbinto/outofdoingsth勸說某人做/不做某事

Arguefor為…而辯論

Argueagainst為反對…而辯論

A詞語辨析argue,quarrel,discussftdebate

Ai曄強(qiáng)調(diào)就自己的看法/立場提出論證說理，以說服他人

Quarrel強(qiáng)調(diào)為瑣事而進(jìn)行爭吵

Discuss強(qiáng)調(diào)交換意見，進(jìn)行討論，不含有說服對方的成分

Debate指在正式場合，和意見對立的一方進(jìn)行全面的/徹底的辯論，強(qiáng)調(diào)各述理由

A即學(xué)即練

選用上述詞語完成下列句子。

1.Hethatthisexperimentcouldbedoneinanotherway.

2.Theywerefuriouslywitheachotheraboutwhoseturnitwastocookthedinner

3.Haveyouwhenyouwillstarttheproject.

4.Thesubjectwashotlylastyear.

Key：1,argued2,quarrelling3.discussed4.debated

6.worthwhileadj.值得做的，值得花時間/金錢的

Eg.Wehadalongwait,butitwasworthwhilebecausewegottheticket.

等很長時間也是值得的，因為我們已經(jīng)買到票了。

A詞語辨析：worthwhile,worth和worthy

worthwhile指值得花時間,金錢的，可作定語。如：aworthwhileexperiment;也可以作表語,

常用于句型：itisworthwhiletodo/doingsth.如：itisworthwhiletohelpsuchanobleman.

Worlhy（作定語）值得尊敬的,值得重視的，值得的

常見搭配：

beworthyof+n./beingdone;

beworthytobedone

Worth（作表語）值得的

搭配：beworth+n./doing（主動表被動），表示“非常值得…”要說bewellworth+n./doing

A即學(xué)即練

用上述詞匯翻譯下列各句

1,這個問題非常值得討論。

2,值得花一生的時間去學(xué)習(xí)。

Keys;1,Thisproblemiswellworthydiscussion/discussing.

2,Itisworthwhiletospentwholelifelearning.

7.connectionn.聯(lián)系，關(guān)系connectv.連接，聯(lián)結(jié)

Eg.ThecompanyhasaconnectionwithanumberofJapanesefirms.

這個公司和很多日本的公司有聯(lián)系。

A詞語鏈接

Inconnectionwith與..有關(guān)；關(guān)于

A即學(xué)即練

1.Thereisastrongwithsmokingandheartdisease.

2.ThisrailwaylineEnglandandEdinburgh.

Key：1.Connection2,connects

8.achievementn.［C］成就；功績；［U］實現(xiàn)；完成；達(dá)到

A詞匯拓展

achievev.取得,實現(xiàn)

achieveanaim/agoal達(dá)至lj目標(biāo)

achievesuccess獲得成功

HereceivedtheNobelPrizeforhisscientificachievements.

他因科學(xué)上取得的成就而獲得諾貝爾獎。

FlyingacrosstheAtlanticforthefirsttimewasagreatachievement.首次飛越大西洋是一個偉

大的功績。

A即學(xué)即練

完成句子

①沒有人民的支持，我們將一事無成。

Withoutthesupportofthepeoplewecan.

②我只完成了我所希望完成的工作的一半。

IhaveachievedonlyhalfofIhopetodo.

③祝賀你獲得這樣完美的勝利。

Congratulationstoyou(介詞)suchacompletevictory.

Key:①achievenothing②what(3)onachieving

9.Intendvt.&vi.計劃，打算

A常用結(jié)構(gòu)：

beintendedfor專供...使用；專為而設(shè)計

intendtodo/doing打算...

intendsb.todosth.打算讓某人做某事

Thiskindofbicycleisintendedforpeoplewhoaretooshort.

這種自行車是專為身材矮小的人設(shè)計的。

Today,Iintendtofinishreadingthisnovel.

今天我打算讀完這本小說。

Iintendyoutotakeovermycareer.

我打算讓你接管我的事業(yè)。

A即學(xué)即練

單項填空

①Thebook,forhersister,waslostinthemail.

A.intendedaspleasantsurprise

B.intendingaspleasantsurprise

C.intendedasapleasantsurprise

D.intendingfbrpleasantsurprise

②MissWanghadtocatchthefirstbus,butshedid'tgetupearlyenough.

A.TurnedB.comeC.intendedD.Promised

Key:①解析:選Cointendsth.forsb.意為“為某人準(zhǔn)備某物”,book與intend之間呈被動關(guān)系,

因此用過去分詞短語作定語；surprise在這里用單數(shù)，表示“一個驚喜，

②解析：選C。intend有“打算”的意思，用過去完成時，表示“曾打算如此，但沒有做成”。

10.Delivervt.接生（小孩）；遞送；發(fā)表（演說等）

A常見結(jié)構(gòu)：

deliverababy接生小孩；生小孩

deliversth.to...把某物送到...

Thebabywasdeliveredinaclinic.

孩子是在一個醫(yī)療站接生的。

ComradeYangdeliveredtheopeningspeech.

楊同志致了開幕詞。

A詞匯拓展

deliveryn.送貨；交付

expressdelivery快遞

ondelivery送達(dá)時；貨到時

A即學(xué)即練

完成句子

①一些新書已經(jīng)送到學(xué)校了。

Somenewbookshavetheschool.

②演員用他溫柔的聲音演講。

Theactorhisspeechasoftvoice.

Key:①beendelivered;to②delivered/gave;in

part2短語

1.Lookdownon/upon輕視，看不起

Eg.Thereisalwayssomebodywholooksdownonthepoor.

A詞語鏈接

lookonsb./sth.as把某人/某物看作

=considersb./sth.as

lookon袖手旁觀；觀望

lookintosth.調(diào)查；觀察某事物

lookup查閱（單詞、資料）；向上看；好轉(zhuǎn)

look（sb.）upanddown上下打量（某人）

lookoutforsb./sth.警惕或留心某人/某物

lookbackto回顧；回憶

lookabout/around環(huán)顧四周

lookafter照料；照看

lookforwardto盼望；期待

lookfor尋找

looklike看起來像

lookover檢查；檢閱

lookthrough瀏覽；檢查

lookupto尊敬

A印學(xué)即練

(1)完成句子

①Hewas(被人看不起)becauseofhishumblebackground.

②Heis(被認(rèn)為是)theleadingauthorityonthesubject.

(3)Ifyouwanttoknowhowawordisused,it(查閱)inadictionary.

(2)選詞填空(lookup/lookdownon/lookforwardto/lookinto)

①I'mgoingtoyourparty.

②Thepolicehavereceivedthecomplaint,andtheyareit.

(3)Weshouldnotmanuallabour.

?Pleasethesewordsinyourdictionary.

Key:(1)?lookeddownon②lookedonas③look;up

(2)①lookingforwardto②lookinginto③lookdownon(4)lookup

2.Referto(to為介詞)提及，查閱，參考

Heisnotthepersonireferredtojustnow.

他不是我剛剛提及的那個人。

A類似結(jié)構(gòu)：

Beusedto習(xí)慣于payattentionto注意

Belongto屬于getdownto著手

Objectto反對

A詞匯拓展

refertosb./sth.as把某人/物稱作

refersth.to把某事提交

refersb.to讓某人向……求助

A詞匯辨析

referto/consult/lookup

referto和consult都可作“查閱（詞典、參考書等）”講，表此意時兩詞可以互換。

lookup意為“（在詞典、時刻表等中）查找……

Weagreednevertorefertothematteragain.

我們同意不再談?wù)撨@件事了。

ShethoughtIwasreferringtoherdaughterwhenweweretalking.

當(dāng)我們談話時她以為我指的是她的女兒。

A即學(xué)即練

（1）完成句子

①Althoughshedidn'tmentionanynames,everyoneknewwhoshewas（談到）.

②Hegavethespeech（沒有參閱）hisnotes.

③Helikesto（被稱為）“DoctorKhee”.

@Mydoctorme（向...求助）ahospitalspecialist.

（2）單項填空

①Theprofessoratthemeetingwillgiveusalecturenextweek.

A.ReferredB.referredto

C.ReferringD.referringto

②Ifyouarenotsureofthemeaningofthisword,youcanthedictionary.

A.refertoB.lookup

C.SeeD.makeuseof

③Duringhisstayinourcollege,heoftenbeganhistalkbythispastexperienceasa

soldier.

A.turningtoB.referringto

C.stickingtoD.speakingto

?Usingalongstick,theteacheraplaceonthemapandaskedthechildrentonameit.

A.gotdowntoB.pointedto

C.referredtoD.cameto

Key:(l)?referringto?withoutreferringto(3)berefeiTedtoas④referred;to

⑵①解析：選B。句意為：在會議上被提到的那位教授下周將給我們作一次講座。用refer

io的過去分詞形式作后置定語，表示被動。

②解析：選Aoreferto在句中作“查閱”講，B項結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)為lookupthewordinthedictionaryo

③解析：選Bo考查詞義辨析。turnto的意思是“求助于”，但其賓語是人，不可以是物；refer

to的意思是“參考；查詢；談到；提到"；stickto的意思是“堅持

④解析：選B。考查短語辨析。geldownI。的意思是“開始；著手”，后跟名詞或動名詞；

pointto的意思是“指著；指向“；referto的意思是“參考；提到“；cometo的意思是“達(dá)到”。

3.Bychance偶然地，碰巧地(=byaccident)

Eg.Ifindmybookbychanceinapileofoldbooks.

我在一堆舊書中偶然地找到了我的書。

A詞語鏈接

Haveachance有機(jī)會，有希望givesbachance給某人一個機(jī)會

Getachance得到一個機(jī)會missachance錯過，失去一次機(jī)會

Takethechance冒險，碰運氣

A即學(xué)即練

選用上述詞語完成下列句子。

1.However,ifIweretomeethimIwouldgladlytoaskhimmanyquestions.

2.1neverofplayingfootball.

3.1tohaveanotherjobbutIdon'tknowwhattodo

Key:1.takethechance2.missachance3.getachance

4.Comeacross(不用被動語態(tài))偶遇，偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)

Eg.Icameacrosssomeoldpicturesintheattic.

我在閣樓偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些舊照片。

A詞語鏈接

Comeabout發(fā)生comeinto進(jìn)入，進(jìn)入...狀態(tài)

Comeout出來，出現(xiàn)comeupwith趕上

Comeupto走近，符合，達(dá)到

A即學(xué)即練

完成下列句子。

(1)單項填空

MrBrown,couldyoutellmehowthedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish?

A.cameaboutB.cameto

C.cameupD.cameacross

(2)用come短語的適當(dāng)形式填空

①Isomenewwordswhilereading.

②Hisnewbookwillnextmonth.

③Sheanewideaforincreasingsales.

@Canyoutellmehowtheaccident?

⑤Howdiditthatheknewwherewewere?

Key:(l)解析：選A?？疾樵~義辨析。comeaboul意為“產(chǎn)生”，符合句意；comelo意為“達(dá)到

(某個數(shù)字)"；comeacross意為“偶然遇到；從..上走”；comeup意為“來到

(2)①cameacross②comeout③cameupwith④cameabout⑤comeabout

5.Carefor【正式】喜歡，想要(一般用于否定句和疑問句中)，照顧

Eg.Shecaresforhersickmother.

她照顧她生病的媽媽。

A詞語鏈接

Careabout在乎，介意(多用于否定句和疑問句中)

A即學(xué)即練

翻譯下列句子。

L他根本你不在乎你說什么。

2.你是不是還想要點茶?

Key:1.Hedoesnotcareaboutwhatyousayatall.

2.Wouldyoucareforsomemoretea?

6.devote..to/devoteoneselfto..把??貢獻(xiàn)給??，專心于??

Eg.Ifyouwanttoachievesomething,youmusthavetimetodevotetoyourprojectsandhave

enoughmoneytoliveaccordingtoyourgoals.

如果你想得到什么，必須有時間投入項目，并有足夠物質(zhì)條件按照自己的目標(biāo)生活。

A詞語鏈接

Devote(oneself)todoingsth獻(xiàn)身做某事

Devote(oneselOtosth獻(xiàn)身于某事

A即學(xué)即練

翻譯下列句子。

1.人只有獻(xiàn)身社會，才能找出那實際上是短暫而且有風(fēng)險的生命的意義

Key;Onlytodevoteoneselftothesocietycanfindthesignificanceoftheactuallyshortandrisky

life.

7.carryon繼續(xù)；堅持

Eg.Let'scarryonourhomework.

讓我們繼續(xù)做我們的家庭作業(yè)。

Wemustcarryonuntiltherescueteamarrived.

我們必須堅持下去直到救援隊到來。

A詞匯拓展

carryout執(zhí)行；實施

carryaway帶走；沖走

carryoff奪去

Wewillcarryouttheplanassoonasitismade.

這個計劃一制定出來，我們就會執(zhí)行。

Weplantedmanytreestostopthewaterfromcarryingawaythesoil.我們種這么多樹的目的是

阻止土壤流失。

A即學(xué)即練

單項填空

DoyoumindifIwithmyworkwhileyouaregettingteaready.

A.carryoutB.comeon

C.carryonD.goover

Key：選C。carry。。在這里是“繼續(xù)下去''的意思。A項有一定干擾性。carryout也有“進(jìn)

行，開展”的意思，然而carryon為不及物動詞，而carryout為及物動詞。

詞匯短語同步練習(xí)

題組1:

一.翻譯下列必背短語

1.輕視，看不起______________________

2.繼續(xù)，堅持___________________

3.離開,啟程，出發(fā)__________________

4.獻(xiàn)身做某事_______________________

5.過著...的生活_______________

6.走近，符合，達(dá)到________________________

7.碰巧，湊巧_______________________

8眉險，碰運氣_______________________

9.查閱，參考，談到__________________

10.回憶___________________

11.（偶然）遇見，碰見

12.調(diào)查____________________

二.單項選擇

1.Measureshavetobetakentoteachyoungpeoplehowtothemselvesbothinfamily

andinschool.Theydon'tknowthebasicmanners.

A.doB.performC.behaveD.work

2.Beforemyfathermovedoff,hetoldmeagainandagainthatIshouldtherulesand

regulationsoftheschool.

A.makeB.watchC.remainD.observe

3.Itisrequiredbytheauthoritiesofschoolthatstudentsshouldbetreatedbytheir

teachersbuthowcanateacherrespectthemwhenthestudentsshownorespectforhim?

A.inrespectB.withrespectC.fbrrespectD.byrespect

4.Stopmeanddowhatyouhavebeentold.

A.toarguewithB.arguingwithC.arguingD.toargue

5.Aftermeetingthebeautifulyounggirl,theyoungmanlayonhisbed,wideawake,with

wonderfulideasintohismind.

A.crossingB.enteringC.crowdingD.reaching

6.Thereisnoneedfbryoutolookupeverynewwordyouwhenreading.Youhaveto

learnhowtoguessthemeaningsofnewwordaccordingtothecontext.

A.comeupwithB.comeoutC.comealongwithD.comeacross

7.Asalaid-offworker,itishardforherfathertothefamily,letalonesendhischildrento

keyschools.

A.bringupB.raiseC.supportD.supply

8.1alwayslookthosewhoneverlookothers,eventhoughtheyhaveachievedgreat

achievements.

A.downon;uptoB.downupon;uptoC.forwardto;downonD.upto;downon

9.Mostyoungpeopledon'twantthekindoflifethattheirparents.

A.tolead;usedtoliveB.living;usedtoliveC.tolive;usedtolivingD.leading;

usedtolive

10.Doyoustillrememberthekeypointsthatinhisreport?Idon'trememberthemall.

A.referredtoB.werereferredC.hewasreferredtoD.werereferredto

11.Howdidyoumanagetogetsuchaniceoldpainting?

--Quite.

A.byaccidentsB.byachanceC.byaccidentD.byincident

12.Withtheimprovementofpeople'slivingconditions,mostmothersinhospitals.

A.havedeliveredtheirbabiesB.haveborntheirbabies

C.havetheirbabiesbornD.havetheirbabiesdelivered

Key：

I.Lookdownon/upon2.Moveoff

3.Lead..alife4.Bychance

5.Referto6.Comeacross

7.Carryon8.Devotetodosth

9.ComeuptolO.Takethechance

11.Lookback12.Lookinto

二.1-5CDBBC6-10DCDAD11-12CD

題組2：

一.完成句子

1.They（離開）beforedawn,hopingtogettothenextvillageatnoon.

2.Thecomputersintheteachers1office（專門為..而設(shè)計）teachersonly.

3.Itiswrongforusto（看不起）thedisabled.

4.HetookmyEnglishbookaway（碰巧）.

5.Don?tlooseheartwheneveryou（遇見，遇至U）difficulty.

6.Wouldyoumind（照顧）mybabywhileiamaway?

7.Onceshestoppedworking,somestrangethoughts（涌上心頭）.

8.Whoisthewomanhe（談及）justnow?

二.單項選擇

1.Thebook,whichchildren,becamepopularwithadults.

A.wasplannedforB.wasmeantbyC.wasintendedfbrD.wasdesignedby

2.Whateverhappens,theyaredeterminedtothestruggletotheend.

A.carryonB.goonC.continueonD.insiston

3.Youshouldthesebadhabits.

A.getyourselfridofB.ridyourselfofC.getridofyourselfwithD.ridofyourself

with

4.1wouldratheryoumethetruth;thenwhathashappenedwouldnothavehappened.

A.totellB.tellC.toldD.hadtold

5.Operationroomsshouldbekeptfreebacteriaofanykind.

A.withB.forC.fromD.to

6.Iregretyouthatmysisterregrettedyouherdate.Youarenotthekindofperson

shewants.

A.telling;makingC.totell;tomakeC.telling;tomakeD.totell;making

7.-Wouldyouliketoontheperformancesofmystudents?

-Sorry,butIamnotinthepositiontodoso.

A.havecommentonB.makeacommentonC.saysomecommentaboutD.raisea

commenton

8.Thereisnopointarguingaboutwhattheaccident.Thepointiswhattodowiththe

victimsofit.

A.ledtoB.causedtoC.accountedtoD.resultedfrom

9.Whenreading,youshouldyourattentiononthemainideaandthestructureofthe

passage,notonspecificwordsorsentences.

A.payB.focusC.putD.expand

10.Becauseofthefinancialcrisis,thetotalamountofexporthas40%inthefirstquarter

oftheyear.

A.cutdownbyB.reducedtoC.beencutdown;toD.reducedby

Keys：

1.Movedoff2.Areintendedfor3.Lookdownupon4.Bychance5.

Comeacross

6.Takingcareof7.Crowdin8.Referredto

二.1-5CABDC6—10DBABD

Part3：語法：主語和謂語動詞的一致

一、概述：

1)語法形式上要一致，即用作主語的名詞中心詞和謂語動詞在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上一致，

2)意義上要一致，即主語和謂語的一致關(guān)系取決于主語的單、復(fù)數(shù)意義

二、分類：語法一致原則、邏輯意義一致原則、就近原則。

I語法一致原則：謂語動詞和主語在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。

(1)以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時，謂語動詞一般用

單數(shù)形式；主語為復(fù)數(shù)時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：Hisfatherisworkingonthefarm.TostudyEnglishwellisnoteasy.

Readinginthesunisbadfbryoureyes.Whathesaidistrue.

【注意】★由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，后面的謂語動詞多數(shù)情況用單數(shù)形式，但若表語是復(fù)

數(shù)或what從句是一個帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時，主句的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

例如：WhatIboughtwerethreeEnglishbooks.WhatIsayanddohasnothingtodowithyou.

★|apairof+表無生命的名詞+單數(shù)謂語|；|apairof+表人或動物的名詞+單數(shù)/復(fù)數(shù)謂

圈：

例如：Thispairofshoesisnotmine.Thehappypairis/aregoingtoHawaiifor

theirhoneymoon.

（2）“單數(shù)名詞+and+單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：

例如：YouandIaregoodfriends.Theboyandthegirlweresosurprisedwhenthey

heardthenews.

【注意】★如果and并列的主語指的是同一個人或物時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)：

a/the+單數(shù)名詞（人）+and+單數(shù)名詞（人）+單數(shù)謂語

a/the+單數(shù)名詞（人）+and+a/the+單數(shù)名詞（人）+復(fù)數(shù)謂語

例如：Thedancerandsingerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.

Thedancerandthesingerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.

★由and連接的并列單數(shù)主語前如果分別有no,each,everymorethana（an）,

manya（an）修飾時,

其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式：

例如：Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.

Eachboyandgirlwasgivenabook.

Everyminuteandeverysecondisprecious.

★有些用and連接起來的單數(shù)名詞，由于關(guān)系密切，已被看成一個整體，因而作主

語時，謂語單詞用單數(shù)。這類名詞詞組有：

knifeandfork刀叉needleandthread針線breadandbutter面包和黃油

fishandchips炸魚加薯條thestarsandstripes星條旗

FishandchipsisapopularfastfoodinEngland.

ThestarsandstripesisthenationalflagoftheU.S.A.

(3)主語為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，后面跟有with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,

ratherthan,morethan,

nolessthan,besides,including等引起的短語，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式：

例如：Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.

Themanager,alongwithhissecretaries,isgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.

Theteacher,aswellastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.

(4)each;each+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞；eachof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語都用單數(shù)形式：

例如：Eacharrivesontime.

Eachofthebuildingispaintedadifferentcolor.

(5)由any,some,no,every與body,one,thing構(gòu)成的不定代詞作主語或主語的一部分，謂

語用單數(shù)：

例如：Everybodyisdoinghisbest.

Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.

(6)在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞that,who,which等作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與先行詞的數(shù)一

致：

例如：Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.

試比較:Heisoneofmyfriendswhoareworkinghard.

Heistheonlyoneofmyfriendswhoisworkinghard.

★noneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)；而在“the

onlyoneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+定語從句”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)

(7)如果集體名詞指的是整個集體，它的謂語動詞用單數(shù);

如果它指集體的成員，其謂語動詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式，這些詞有army,family,audience,

club,class,group,organization,troop等：

例如：Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theclasswereallcheerful.

Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.

Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplans.

【注意】★people,police,cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)：Thepolicearelookingforthelost

child.

(8)在倒裝句中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致：

例如：Suchistheresult.Sucharethefacts.

【練一練】

1.BetweenthetworoadsaTVtowercalled"SkyscraperTower”.

A.standsB.standingC.whichstandsD.stand

2.-HaveyouheardthatTom,alongwithhisparents,toFrance?

—Really?NowonderIhaven'tseenhimthesedays.

A.hasbeenB.hasgoneC.havebeenD.have

gone

3.Thereapairoftrousersonthebed.

A.areB.isC.hasD.have

4.andaregoingabroadnextThursday?Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.Thefather;sonB.Thesinger;dancerC.Asinger;adancerD.He;I

5.Aandhasbeenboughtforyou.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?

A.goldwatch;chainB.knife;forkC.desk;butD.pen;

pencil

6.Nothingbutonedeskandsixchairsintheroom.

A.areB.isstayedC.isD.has

7.Everystudentandeveryteacher.

A.aregoingtoattendthemeetingB.haveattendedthemeeting

C.hasattendedthemeetingD.isattendedthemeeting

8.TheNewYorkTimesallovertheUnitedStates.

A.isreadB.isreadingC.arereadD.are

reading

9.Theretobesomethingwrongwithhissister,?

A.seem;isn'titB.seems;doesn'tthereC.seem;isn'tthereD.seems;

doesn'tit

10.IthinkTom,you,toblame.

A.ratherthan;isB.ratherthan;areC.morethan;areD.less

than;is

11.Thespeakersatthemeetingagreedthatthewaysinwhichtelevisioncaneducatea

personalmostinfinite.

A.beB.areC.isD.are

12.“Ifanybody,pleaseputdownname,“saidtheteachertothemonitor.

A.wantstobuythebook;hisB.wanttobuythebook;their

C.willbuythebook;one'sD.wantstohavethebookbought;

her

13.Myfamilylargeandmyfamilyreading.

A.is;enjoyB.is;enjoysC.are;enjoyD.are;

enjoys

14.ThecustomsandcultureofAmericaverymuchlikeofEngland.

A.is;thatB.are;thoseC.havebeen;theonesD.has

been;theone

15.Onlyoneofthestudentswhopresenttospeakatthemeeting.

A.is;isB.are;areC.are;isD.is;are

2.邏輯意義一致原則：謂語動詞的數(shù)須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數(shù)，但意義

為復(fù)數(shù)：有時形式為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義為單數(shù)。)

(1)what,who,which,any,more,all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來決

定：

例如：Whichisyoufavoritesubject?Whichareyourfavoritesubjects?

Allisgoingwell.AllhavegonetoBeijing.

(2)表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時，因常表示一個整體的概念，謂

語動詞常用單數(shù)形式：

例如：Eighthoursofsleepisenough.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayfortheshirt.

(3)復(fù)數(shù)形式的專有名詞，如書名、劇名、報名、國名等，其謂語用單數(shù):

例如：TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.

TheThameshasalargepopulation.

(4)一些學(xué)科名詞是以-ics結(jié)尾,如：mathematics,politics,physics,以及news,works等,

都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實際意義是單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式:

例如：Worldeconomicshasadirecteffectonworldpeace.

Physicswashermajor.

(5)“定冠詞the+形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)：

例如：Therichgetricherandthepoorgetpoorer.

Thegoodarewellrewarded,andthebadpunished.

【練一練】

16.is.Whichiswrong?

A.Twodays;alongvacationforthestudentsB.Oneandahalfdollars;notenough.

C.TheNewYorkTimes;publisheddailyC.800miles;longdistance

17.Therichnotalwayshappy.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

18.Whatsheleftmeafewoldbooks.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

19.Tenminutesanhourwhenoneiswaitinsforaphonecall.

A.isB.areC.seemsD.seem

20.ThePhilippinesofmorethan7.000islands.

A.consistsB.consistC.makeupD.makes

up

3.就近原則：謂語動詞的人稱與最近的主語保持一致。

(1)當(dāng)兩個主語由or;either...or;neither...nor;whether...or...;notonly...butalso連接時，

謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致：

例如：GeorgeorIamwrong.

EitherJohnorhisfriendsaretoblameforthebadresults.

NeithermybrothernorIamgoingtothesummercamp.

Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.

(2)therebe句型be動詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語,則應(yīng)與靠近的那個主語保持一致:(here

引導(dǎo)的句子用法相同)

例如：Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.

Therearetwentygirlsandonlyoneboyinourclass.

【練一練】

21.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary_______tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.

A.isB.areC.amD.be

22.Eithertheteachersorthepresident_______themeeting.

A.attendsB.attendC.areattendingD.haveattended

23.Themanagerorhissecretary_______togiveyouaninterview.

A.isB.areC.wereD.have

24.Neitherofyoursuggestions_______sense.

A.makesB.make