Unit1AnewstartUsinglanguage基本句式結構課件高一上學期英語

Unit

1

A

new

startUsing

language基本句型Ⅰ.觀察感悟1.I

replied.2.I

saw

a

white-haired

man.3.I'm

Meng

Hao.4.He

gave

me

a

smile.5.His

words

made

me

a

lot

more

relaxed!6.I

breathed

deeply.7.I

looked

at

them

in

panic.觀察上面句子，分別說出每個句子的句子結構。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.主語+謂語

2.主語+謂語+賓語

3.主語+系動詞+表語

4.主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語

5.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補

6.主語+謂語+狀語

7.主語+謂語+賓語+狀語Ⅱ.要點精析

句子是一個完整的意義單位，由不同的句子成分構成。其中，最重要的成分就是主語和謂語，分別表明句子的主體和主體的動作或狀態(tài)。此外，句子成分還包括賓語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語、定語等，它們共同組成了英語中的基本句型，并承擔不同的表意功能。句型一：Subject

（主語）+Verb

（謂語）

這種句型中的謂語動詞是不及物動詞。不及物動詞后面不可以直接接賓語。常見的不及物動詞有work,

swim,

jump,

arrive,

come,

go,

begin,

disappear,

cry,

happen等單詞，還有take

place,

come

true,

run

out等短語。如：Class

begins.開始上課。A

Chinese

painting

exhibition

will

take

place.一個中國畫展將要舉辦。句型二：Subject（主語）+Verb

（謂語）+Object

（賓語）

這種句型中的動詞是及物動詞或動詞短語,

后面要直接接賓語，賓語通常由名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句等來充當。如：The

students

have

known

the

answer.學生們已經(jīng)知道了答案。You

should

not

give

up

studying.你不應該放棄學習。I

don't

know

what

I

should

do

next.我不知道下一步該干什么。句型三:Subject

（主語）+Linking

Verb（系動詞）+Predicative（表語）

這種句型主要用來表示主語的特點、身份等。系動詞一般可分為下列幾類：1.狀態(tài)類：表示主語狀態(tài)，be動詞（am/is/are/was/were等）最常見。He

is

a

teacher.他是一名教師。（is與表語一起說明主語的身份。）2.持續(xù)類：表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep、remain、stay、lie、stand等。He

always

keeps

silent.他總是保持沉默。3.“似乎”類：表示“看起來像”這一概念，主要有seem、appear、look等。He

looked

worried.他看上去有些焦慮。He

seems（to

be）

very

sad.他看起來很傷心。4.感官類：主要有feel、smell、taste、sound、look等。This

kind

of

food

tastes

delicious.這種食物嘗起來很可口。This

kind

of

cloth

feels

very

soft.這種布摸起來很軟。5.變化類：表示主語變成什么樣，主要有become、grow、turn、fall、get、go、come、run等。It

is

getting

warmer

and

warmer.天氣變得越來越暖和。The

skies

grew

dark.天漸漸黑了。6.終止類：表示主語已終止動作，主要有prove、turn

out等,表達“證實，變成”之意。The

search

proved

difficult.搜查證實很難。His

plan

turned

out

a

success.他的計劃終于成功了。句型四：Subject（主語）+Verb（謂語）+Indirect

object（間接賓語）+Direct

object

（直接賓語）

這種句型中，直接賓語表示動作的承受者，一般是物。間接賓語表示動作是對誰或為誰做的，一般是人。能接雙賓語的常見動詞有buy、pass、lend、give、tell、teach、show、bring、send等。如：Her

father

bought

her

a

dictionary.她父親給她買了一本詞典。The

old

man

always

tells

the

children

stories.這位老人經(jīng)常給孩子們講故事。上述句子還可以表達為：Her

father

bought

a

dictionary

for

her.The

old

man

always

tells

stories

to

the

children.句型五：Subject（主語）+Verb（謂語）+Object

（賓語）+Complement（補語）

這種句型中的“賓語+補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復合賓語”。賓語補足語是用來說明賓語的動作、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等的一種句子成分。通常情況下，能作賓補的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、v.-ing形式、動詞不定式等。該句型常用于三類動詞：（1）使役動詞make,

let,

leave,

have,

get等；（2）感官動詞（短語）see,

watch,

notice,

observe,

find,

hear,

listen

to等；（3）表示命令、請求和建議的動詞ask，

tell,

order,

permit，persuade等。如：You

should

keep

the

room

clean

and

tidy.你應該讓屋子保持干凈、整潔。We

made

him

our

monitor.我們選他當班長。I

can

hear

someone

playing

the

violin.我能聽見有人在拉小提琴。She

asked

me

to

come

back

soon.她讓我盡快回來。句型六：Subject（主語）+Verb（謂語）+Adverbial（狀語）

這類句型中，謂語動詞是不及物動詞（短語），后沒有賓語，但是有時為了表示動作發(fā)生的頻率、原因、結果、目的、地點、時間等，可以跟狀語性質(zhì)的修飾語。The

baby

is

crying

in

the

next

room.嬰兒在隔壁房間里哭。My

parents

came

back

at

this

very

moment.就在這時，我的父母回來了。句型七：Subject（主語）+Verb（謂語）+Object

（賓語）+Adverbial（狀語）

這類句型中，副詞、介詞短語、不定式短語、分詞短語等都可以作狀語。You

can

put

the

dish

here.你可以把盤子放在這兒。She

was

doing

her

homework

at

8:00

last

night.昨晚8點她在做作業(yè)。句型八：存現(xiàn)句（There

be...）

There

be句型是英語中的常用句型，意思是“有”，表示“人或事物的存在”或“某地有某物”。There

be中的be有時可以是lie，

stand,

used

to

be,

seem

to

be等。There

is

a

restaurant

around

the

corner.拐角處有一家餐館。溫馨提示（1）There在此結構中沒有實際意義，不可與副詞“there那里”混淆。此結構后跟名詞，表示“（存在）有某事物”。（2）be

后面的名詞是句子的主語（并非表語），屬于倒裝結構，在此句型中，be的單復數(shù)與最近的名詞的單復數(shù)保持一致。Ⅲ.實戰(zhàn)演練寫出畫線詞的句法功能1.

The

man

______

his

arms

above

his

head.

______raised謂語2.

I

found

a

big

change

______.

______there狀語3.

My

favourite

subject

is

________.

______physics表語4.

My

dream

is

___________________________!

______to

start

my

own

IT

company表語5.

I

bought

______

a

birthday

gift.

__________Mary間接賓語6.

He

is

watching

the

players

_______________.

____________playing

football賓語補足語7.

The

metal

felt

________________.

______smooth

and

cold表語8.

____

became

an

English

teacher.

______He主語9.

There

is

___________________________

on

the

desk.

______an

English-Chinese

dictionary主語10.

The

boy's

dream

__________.______came

true謂語用本單元語法知識完成句子1.

我是個高中生。I

am

__________________________.a

senior

high

school

student2.

我在遠離家鄉(xiāng)的大城市上學。I

am

studying

_______________________

far

from

my

hometown.at

a

school

in

a

big

city3.

我已經(jīng)學會了一些新知識。I

have

learned

____________________.some

new

knowledge4.

我計劃周六回家。I

am

planning

to

go

home

____________.on

Saturday5.

今天我為我的父母買了很多禮物。I

bought

my

parents

___________________

today.a

lot/lots

of

presents將上面的句子連成一篇文章

要求語言流暢、用詞準確、邏輯嚴密。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

I

am

a

senior

high

school

student

who

is

studying

at

a

school

in

a

big

city

far

from

my

hometown.

Here

I

have

learned

some

new

knowledge.

I

am

planning

to

go

home

on

Saturday,

so

I

bought

my

parents

a

lot/lots

of

presents

today.詞句精講·夯實基礎1

argue

v.爭論，爭辯情境佳句①Do

what

you

are

told

and

don't

argue

with

me.照我吩咐你的去做,不要和我爭辯。②The

couple

begin

to

argue

about

money.這對夫婦開始為錢爭吵。③He

argued

against

working

overtime.他反對加班。歸納拓展（1）argue

with

sb.與某人爭論/爭吵argue

about/over

sth.為某事爭論/爭吵argue

that...主張/認為……argue

for/against（doing）

sth.據(jù)理力爭/反對（做）某事（2）argument

n.爭吵；爭論；辯論；理由；論據(jù)；論點have

an

argument（with

sb.）

about/over

sth.因某事（與某人）爭吵學以致用［單句填空/完成句子］①

They

were

having

an

_________

（argue）

about

whose

turn

it

was

to

do

the

cooking.argument②

Mary

is

always

ready

to

argue

_____

her

parents

__________

the

smallest

things.withabout/over③

我主張人人都應該盡全力幫助那些需要幫助的人。____________________________________________

to

help

those

in

need.I

argue

that

every

one

of

us

should

try

our

best2

volunteer

n.志愿者，義務工作者

v.自愿做情境佳句①Many

people

volunteer

to

work

on

the

farm.很多人主動到農(nóng)場勞動。②As

one

of

the

volunteers,

I

have

taught

English

in

the

mountain

village

for

three

years.作為一名志愿者，我在這個山村教了三年英語。③We

encourage

all

the

students

to

volunteer

for

community

activities.我們鼓勵所有的學生志愿參加社區(qū)活動。歸納拓展（1）volunteer

to

do

sth.自愿做某事volunteer

for

sth.自愿為某事效勞（2）voluntary

adj.志愿的，自愿的學以致用［單句填空/語段填空］①

Whenever

we

meet

with

difficulties,

she

always

volunteers

________（help）

us

out.to

help②

He

always

volunteered

____

the

most

dangerous

jobs.for③

A

group

of

___________（volunteer）

from

universities

volunteer

________（teach）

in

the

mountain

middle

school.

Their

_________

（volunteer）work

is

very

helpful

to

the

students

there.volunteers;to

teachvoluntary3

apply

v.申請，請求，應用情境佳句①She

applied

for

a

job

at

the

local

newspaper.她申請了當?shù)貓笊绲囊粋€職位。②It

is

important

to

apply

what

we

have

learned

to

practice.把我們所學的東西應用到實踐很重要。③You

will

surely

pass

the

exams

if

you

apply

yourself

to

your

work.如果你專心學習，考試一定會及格的。歸納拓展（1）apply

for/to

sth.申請某物apply

to

do

sth.申請做某事apply...to...把……應用于……apply

to...適用于……apply

oneself

to...致力于……，專心于……（2）applicant

n.申請者（3）application

n.申請；應用詞匯助記There

are

more

than

300

applications

for

the

job.

In

other

words,

more

than

300

applicants

have

applied

for

the

job.

這份工作有三百多人申請。換句話說，300多名申請者已經(jīng)申請了這份工作。學以致用［語篇填空］

A

young

man

wrote

an

①___________（apply）

letter

to

a

company

last

month,

hoping

to

get

a

new

job.

After

being

employed,

he

②________（apply）

what

he

had

learnt

at

college

③___

his

job.

Much

to

the

delight

of

the

boss,

he

was

always

applying

④________（he）

to

work

and

never

considered

applying

⑤____

another

job.applicationappliedtohimselffor4

schedule

n.計劃表，進度表，日程表

vt.安排；預定情境佳句①The

train

arrived

on

schedule.火車準時到達。②The

meeting

is

scheduled

for

Friday

afternoon.會議安排在星期五下午。③The

plane

is

scheduled

to

take

off

at

4

p.m.飛機定于下午四點起飛。歸納拓展（1）on

schedule按預定時間ahead

of

schedule=ahead

of

time先于預定時間behind

schedule遲于預定時間（2）schedule...for...把……安排在……be

scheduled

to

do

sth.被安排做某事學以致用［完成句子］①

別擔心。我們已經(jīng)完成了三分之二的工作，可以提前完成。Don't

worry.

We

have

already

finished

two

thirds

of

the

work

and

we

can

finish

it

_____________________.ahead

of

schedule/time②

無論我們遇到什么困難，我們都要按時完成工作。Whatever

difficulty

we

meet,

we

shall

finish

the

work

____________.on

schedule③

運動會定于星期五舉行。