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筆譯三級實務(綜合)模擬試卷2(共7套)(共112題)筆譯三級實務(綜合)模擬試卷第1套一、英譯漢(本題共8題,每題1.0分,共8分。)1、Theself-drivingcarisn’tasfaroffasyoumightthink.Whatonceexistedonlyintherealmofsciencefictionisnowrovingaround—albeitinanextremelylimitedfashion—inNevada,Florida,California,andMichigan.標準答案:自動駕駛汽車并不像大家想的那么遙遠。這種以前只出現(xiàn)在科幻小說里的東西現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開始四處游走于內(nèi)華達州、佛羅里達州、加利福尼亞州和密歇根州,盡管活動非常有限。知識點解析:暫無解析2、Wirelesstechnologyhasquickenedthedevelopmentofmessagingsoftware,openingthemarkettoalotofdevicesforwebaccess.標準答案:無線技術已經(jīng)加快了通訊軟件的發(fā)展,這為很多網(wǎng)絡訪問設備開放了市場。知識點解析:暫無解析3、Intelannouncedplanstoreleaseacompletelywire-freepersonalcomputerbytheendoftheyear—nopowercord,nomonitorcable,nothing.標準答案:英特爾公司也宣布將在年底以前推出一款完全不需要任何電線的個人電腦,既不需要電源線,也不需要顯示器連接線,什么都不需要。知識點解析:暫無解析4、AnIsraelicompanysaysithasdevelopedtechnologythatcanchargeamobilephoneinafewsecondsandanelectriccarinminutes,advancesthatcouldtransformtwooftheworld’smostdynamicconsumerindustries.標準答案:以色列一家公司開發(fā)出一種新技術,可在幾秒鐘內(nèi)完成手機充電,給電動汽車充電僅需幾分鐘。這些技術進步可能改變世界上最具活力的兩大消費產(chǎn)業(yè)。知識點解析:暫無解析5、AsforthepeoplewhoseeyesstillfindthegreatreasonsbehindthetechnologyofdualSIMphonevague,youcanfindfivereasonsinthistextthatmightshedlightonyoutorealizewhyit’simportanttohaveone.標準答案:對于那些仍舊無法看出雙卡手機這項新技術帶來什么好處的人們,這篇文章為你提供五條理由,幫助你認識為什么擁有一款雙卡手機很重要。知識點解析:暫無解析6、Withnowaytoconfirmwhetherthose"friends"arewhotheyrepresentthemselvestobe,andwithmanysecurityholes,instantmessagingseemstobetakingabackseatinInternetcommunication.標準答案:由于無法確認那些“朋友”是否如他們自己描述,加之眾多安全漏洞,即時通訊似乎在英特網(wǎng)交流中已退居次席了。知識點解析:暫無解析7、WillRobotsTakeOverHumans’Jobs?Willarobotbedrivingyourtaxiin10years?Probably.Willarobothavetakenyourjobin10years?Possibly.AccordingtonewdatafromthePewResearchCenter,techiesaresplitaboutjusthowimportantrobotsandartificialintelligencewillbetotheeconomyandtoeverydaylifeintheyear2025.Around52%ofthe1,896peoplepolledforastudytitled"2014FutureoftheInternet"—includingtechnologyindustryresearchscientists,businessleadersandtechnologydevelopers—believethatroboticswillnottakeawaymorejobsthanitcreatesby2025,meaningthatincreasedrelianceonthetechnologywillactuallybeanetpositivetotheeconomyandthejobmarket.Theother48%,though,thinkthatrobotswilldisplacehugenumbersofwhiteandbluecollarworkersinthenext10years,whichwouldnotonlyleavepeopleunemployedbutwhichcoulddisruptsocialorder."Non-skilledjobslackingin’humancontribution’willbereplacedbyautomationwhentheeconomiesarefavorable.Atthehardwarestore,theguywhousedtocutkeyshasbeenreplacedbyarobot,"saidRobertCannon,Internetlawandpolicyexpert."Thisbegsthequestion:Whatcanthehumancontribute?Theshortansweristhatifthejobisonewherethatquestioncannotbeansweredpositively,thatjobisnotlikelytoexist."Thosewhothinkthattheincreaseinroboticswillbeanetnegativealsopointoutthatthedisplacementoflower-incomeworkersbynon-humanlaborwillvastlywidenthealreadygrowingincomegap,astheownersofbusinesseswillseeprofitmarginsincreasebybeingabletolayofftheirbluecollarworkers.StoweBoydpointedoutafewwaystherobotscouldinteractwithhumanseverydayoutsideofwork.Forone,hesaid,youcanforgetabouttheteenagepizzadeliveryboy—hewillsoonbereplacedbyadeliveryrobot.Moresalaciously,Boydseesafutureforrobotsinthebedroom."Roboticsexpartnerswillbeacommonplace,althoughthesourceofscorn,thewaythatcriticstodaybemoanselfies’asanindicatorofallthat’swrongwiththeworld,"hesaid.標準答案:機器人會讓人類失業(yè)嗎?10年后,機器人會開出租車載人嗎?很可能。10年后,機器人會取代你的工作嗎?有可能。皮尤研究中心(PewResearchCenter)的最新數(shù)據(jù)顯示,機器人和人工智能對2025年經(jīng)濟和日常生活有多重要,技術人員對此意見不一。1,896名群眾投票參與了一項名為“2014互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的未來”的研究,其中包括科技行業(yè)的研究人員、商業(yè)領袖和技術開發(fā)人員。約52%的人相信,到2025年,機器人為人類創(chuàng)造的崗位肯定比它奪去的工作多,這就意味著對科技越來越依賴實際上對經(jīng)濟和就業(yè)市場是一大利好。然而,另外48%的人則認為,在未來10年里,機器人將取代大量的白領和藍領工人,這不僅會導致人們失業(yè),而且會擾亂社會秩序。“在經(jīng)濟形勢良好的情況下,非技術類工作‘因缺失人的貢獻因素’將被自動化技術取代。五金店里以前由人配鑰匙的工作已經(jīng)被機器人所取代?!被ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)法律與政策專家羅伯特-坎農(nóng)表示,“問題是:人類可以貢獻什么?簡單回答就是,在某項工作中,如果體現(xiàn)不出人的積極貢獻,那么該工作就不可能存在下去?!蹦切┱J為運用機器人技術越來越多只會帶來負面效果的人也指出,由非人類的勞動力代替低收入工人,會使得已經(jīng)擴大的貧富差距愈演愈烈,因為公司老板會從解雇藍領工人中看到利潤率的增加。斯托-博伊德指出,除了工作之外,機器人每天還能以其他幾種方式與人類互動。首先,他表示,你將再也見不到送披薩外賣的小伙子了——他很快會被外賣機器人取代。博伊德甚至認為,更色情的一面是,未來機器人將進入人類的臥室。他說道:“機器人性伴侶將是司空見慣的事,雖然這會遭人鄙視,但正如當今批評家們所哀嘆的,‘自拍’正是世界變得不正常的指示器?!敝R點解析:暫無解析8、Hawking:ManMustLeavePlanetEarthMankindwillneedtoventurefarbeyondplanetEarthtoensurethelong-termsurvivalofourspecies,accordingtotheworld’sbestknownscientist,ProfessorStephenHawking.HewasspeakingaheadofthepresentationofBritain’shighestscientificaward,theRoyalSociety’sCopleyMedal,previouslygrantedtoCharlesDarwin,MichaelFaraday,andAlbeitEinstein.HetoldBBCRadio4’sTodayprogrammethatscientistsstillhave"somewaytogo"toreachhispredictioninhisbestsellingABriefHistoryofTimethatmankindwouldoneday"knowthemindofGod"byunderstandingthecompletesetoflawswhichgoverntheuniverse.Thissetoflaws,whichwillprobablyrelyontheorythatrequiresmorethanthreedimensionsofspaceandoneoftime,couldbeuncoveredwithin20years,mainlybecausenextyearthegiantLHCatomsmasherwillgointooperationinthenuclearphysicslaboratoryinGenevatoprovidenewinformationforthatquestbysimulatingconditionsnotseensincethebirthoftheuniverseaswellmakingantimatterinaspecialfactory.ProfHawkingsaidthatthisknowledgemaybevitaltothehumanrace’scontinuedexistence."Thelong-termsurvivalofthehumanraceisatriskaslongasitisconfinedtoasingleplanet,"hesaid."Soonerorlater,disasterssuchasanasteroidcollisionornuclearwarcouldwipeusallout.Butoncewespreadoutintospaceandestablishindependentcolonies,ourfutureshouldbesafe."Thereisn’tanywhereliketheEarthinthesolarsystem,sowewouldhavetogotoanotherstar."標準答案:霍金:人類必須離開地球世界上最著名的科學家斯蒂芬-霍金教授說,為確保能夠長期延續(xù)下去,人類很有必要遠離地球去探險。霍金是在英國皇家學會授予他英國科學界最高獎項‘科普利獎章’前說這番話的。達爾文、法拉第和愛因斯坦也曾得過此榮譽。他在英國廣播公司第四臺“今日”節(jié)目中說,科學家們要實現(xiàn)他在暢銷書《時間簡史》中的預言“尚需時日”。他預言,人類總有一天會認識到支配宇宙的整套規(guī)律,從而“了解上帝的想法”。認識這套規(guī)律也許要依靠突破三維空間加一維時間的理論。這套規(guī)律可能會在20年內(nèi)揭曉,主要因為明年設在日內(nèi)瓦的核物理學實驗室將運行大型強子對撞機,通過模擬自宇宙誕生以來從沒見過的環(huán)境以及在特殊工廠制造反物質(zhì)來為這一探索提供新的信息?;艚鸾淌谡f,這種信息也許正是人類繼續(xù)存活下去的關鍵。他說:“只要將人類限制在一個星球上,人類的長期延續(xù)就處在危險中。遲早,小行星撞擊地球和核戰(zhàn)爭等威脅會將我們消滅殆盡。但是,一旦我們向太空擴展并建立自給自足的聚居地,我們的未來應該是安全的。太陽系沒有一個類似于地球的地方,因此我們必須尋找另外一顆恒星?!敝R點解析:暫無解析二、漢譯英(本題共8題,每題1.0分,共8分。)9、中國加強基礎研究和前沿探索,突破一批關鍵核心技術,填補了多項重大產(chǎn)品和裝備的空白。標準答案:Chinastrengthened/boostedbasicresearchandresearchinfrontierareas,madebreakthroughsinanumberofcoreandkeytechnologies,andfilledingapsinmanyimportantproductsandequipment.知識點解析:暫無解析10、我國創(chuàng)新型建設取得新成就,載人航天、探月工程、載人深潛、北斗衛(wèi)星導航系統(tǒng)、超級計算機、高速鐵路等實現(xiàn)重大突破。標準答案:China/Wemademoreinnovativebreakthroughs(Innovativebreakthroughsweremade)indevelopingmannedspaceflightandthelunarexplorationprogram,buildingamanneddeep-seasubmersible,launchingtheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem,developingsupercomputers,andconstructing/buildinghigh-speedrailways.知識點解析:暫無解析11、全社會研究與試驗發(fā)展經(jīng)費支出占國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值的比重由五年前的1.4%提高到現(xiàn)在的1.97%,企業(yè)研發(fā)活動支出占比超過74%。標準答案:China’sR&Dspending(expenditureonresearchanddevelopment)accountedfor1.97%oftheGDPintheyear,upfrom1.4%fiveyearsago,andover74%ofthisspendingwasmadebycompanies/enterprises.知識點解析:暫無解析12、科學家們知道他們的工作是永遠無止境的,即使是最完美的理論可能是錯誤的。標準答案:Scientistsknowthattheirworkisneverfinished/perfect,andeventhebesttheorycanturnout/provetobewrong.知識點解析:暫無解析13、這個研究項目進行了不過三個月,所以要對它的成績作出評價為時尚早。標準答案:Theresearchprojecthasonlybeenunderway(beenconducted)forthreemonths,soit’s(still)tooearlytoevaluateitssuccess/assessit.知識點解析:暫無解析14、居里夫人生于波蘭華沙,后入法國籍,是近代有名的化學家和物理學家,一生得過兩次諾貝爾獎。標準答案:MadameCurie,borninWarsaw,PolandandlaternaturalizedasaFrenchcitizen(latergainedFrenchnationality/citizenship),wasafamous/renownedphysicianandchemistofthemoderneraandwashonoredwithtwoNobelPrizes(atwo-timeNobelPrizewinner).知識點解析:暫無解析15、利用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術的行業(yè)機械和制造業(yè)是首批利用物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術的行業(yè)之一。如今,全球的工廠中有數(shù)十億臺無線設備和感應器已經(jīng)聯(lián)網(wǎng)。工業(yè)網(wǎng)絡在許多方面讓日常運營更加“智能化”。為了打造“智能”的生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng),許多公司在生產(chǎn)流程和系統(tǒng)中采用了基于感應器的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)有提高生產(chǎn)速度和生產(chǎn)效率、擴大利潤的潛力。比起實體商店,網(wǎng)店購物的便捷是個巨大的優(yōu)勢。正因如此,亞馬遜(Amazon)等電子商務巨頭正在以驚人的速度不斷增長。但是隨著物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術的發(fā)展,實體零售商如今有機會以實時跟蹤存貨和顧客的特性,從而在競爭中能平起平坐。通過移動物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術,實體零售商得以營造更加個性化的購物體驗,這讓他們重獲新生。如今,這些商店能夠收集顧客的地址、人口信息和購買記錄,進而改善購物體驗。在實時數(shù)據(jù)的幫助下,銷售助理可以迅速為顧客提出個性化的推薦和提議,增加銷售的成功率。此外,零售商開始用射頻識別標簽來識別店內(nèi)的商品。射頻識別標簽與條形碼的原理類似,但它們可用于無線環(huán)境中。使用這種標簽,實體店就能有效地追蹤庫存,并持續(xù)更新商品信息。銷售助理也能夠立刻給出建議,這讓實體店在與網(wǎng)店的競爭中擁有了優(yōu)勢。標準答案:Sectors/IndustriesMakingUseofIoTMachineryandmanufacturingwereamongthefirstindustriesthatmadeuseofInternetofThings(IoT)technology,withfactoriesaroundtheworldhavinginstalledbillionsofIoT-linkedwirelessdevicesandsensors.Incountlessways,industrialnetworksaremakingroutineoperations"smarter/moreintelligent".Inordertocreatean"intelligent"productionsystem,manycompanieshaveappliedsensor-basedIoTtechnologyto/intotheirproductionprocessesandsystems,asIoTispotentiallycapableofincreasingproductionspeed,efficiencyandprofits.Comparedwithphysicalstores,convenientonlineshoppinghasanobviousedge,whichaccountsfortheamazinggrowthofe-businessgiantslikeAmazon.ThankstotheimprovementstoIoTtechnology,physicalstoreretailers’canbenefitfromthereal-timetrackingofbothstockandcustomerssoastostayevenwiththeircompetition.MobileIoTtechnologyhasgivenphysicalstoresanewleaseon/oflifebecauseithasenabledthemtoofferamorepersonalizedshoppingexperience.Nowstorescancollectthecustomer’saddress,personaldata,andshoppingrecordstoimprovetheirshoppingexperience.Withthehelpof/Usingreal-timedata,salesagentsandshopassistantscanquicklymaketailor-madesuggestionsforcustomers,thusincreasingtheprobabilityofasuccessfulsale.Aswell,retailersarebeginningtouseradiofrequencyidentificationlabelstoidentifythemerchandiseinashop.TheworkingprincipleofRFTDlabelsissimilartothatofbarcodes,buttheformercanworkinawireless(WLAN)environment.Thankstothese(such)labels,brick-and-mortarstorescaneffectivelytrackandupdatetheinformationabouttheirstock.Aswell,shopassistantscanmakesuggestionsonthespot,thusgainingadvantagesinthecompetitionwithonlinesellers.知識點解析:暫無解析16、新的科技革命新的科技革命,給各國人民帶來了難得的發(fā)展機遇,也帶來了嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。一個國家,一個民族,如果不緊緊跟上科技進步的時代潮流,不結合本國發(fā)展的實際努力提高科學技術水平,就會落后,就會陷入極為被動的境地。要迎接科學技術突飛猛進和知識經(jīng)濟迅速興起的挑戰(zhàn),最重要的是堅持創(chuàng)新。創(chuàng)新是一個民族的靈魂,是一個國家興旺發(fā)達的不竭動力。創(chuàng)新的關鍵在人才,人才的成長靠教育。教育水平提高了,科技進步和經(jīng)濟發(fā)展才有后勁??茖W技術實力和國民教育水平,始終是衡量綜合國力和社會文明程度的重要標志,也是每個國家走向繁榮昌盛的兩個不可缺少的飛輪。標準答案:TheNewScientificandTechnologicalRevolutionThenewscientificandtechnologicalrevolutionhaspresentedpeopleofallcountrieswithpreciousdevelopmentopportunitiesandseriouschallenges.Acountryornationwouldlagbehindandlanditselfinanextremelypassivepositionunlessitcloselykeepsabreastofscientificandtechnologicalprogressandupgradesitsscientificandtechnologicallevelinthelightofitsnationaldevelopment.Tomeetthechallengeofrapidscientificandtechnologicaladvancesandthefast-risinginformationeconomy,wemustcreateandinnovate.(Onlycreativityandinnovationcanhelpacountrytomeetthechallengesarisingfromadvancesinscienceandemergenceoftheknowledgeeconomy.)Creativityisthesoulofanationandaninexhaustiblesourceofacountry’sprosperity.Thekeytocreationandinnovationliesintalentedpeople/experts/specialists,whosedevelopmentdependsoneducation.Onlyawell-developededucationalsystemcansustainscientificandtechnologicalprogressandeconomicdevelopment.Scientificandtechnologicalstrengthandtheeducationallevelofanationhavealwaysbeenanimportantyardstickformeasuringtheoverallstrengthandcivilizationofasociety.Likeindispensablewheels,theypropelacountrytoprosperity.知識點解析:暫無解析筆譯三級實務(綜合)模擬試卷第2套一、英譯漢(本題共8題,每題1.0分,共8分。)1、Thosesamepoliticiansaredrivenbyanintenttousethecountry’sresourcestomaximumfinancialbenefit,whatevertheymaybe,howevertreasuredandiconic.標準答案:這些同樣的政客也受到驅動,想要動用本國資源,使其商業(yè)利益最大化——不管這些資源是什么,也不管它們是何等珍貴或是帶有地區(qū)標志性。知識點解析:暫無解析2、ThechallengeforChinaandotheremergingmarketsishowtomeetthatdemandwithoutdestroyingboththeoilbudgetsandthequalityoftheair.標準答案:中國及其他新興市場所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是如何在滿足需求的同時,避免過多石油支出,避免污染空氣。知識點解析:暫無解析3、GM’shydrogenfuelcarinChinaunderscoresadrivetowardgoinggreen,companyCEORickWagonersays.標準答案:通用汽車總裁RickWagoner稱,通用在中國市場推出的氫燃料汽車反映了通用公司走環(huán)保路線的趨勢。知識點解析:暫無解析4、Airpollutionisnotapopularsubject,whichiswhylittlenoticehasbeentakenofanEUjudgmentagainsttheUKonthesubject.標準答案:空氣污染不是一個流行的議題,這就是為什么最近歐盟針對英國空氣污染的一項裁定案并未引起人們多少關注。知識點解析:暫無解析5、Theymaypaylipservicetorespectingourheritageandenvironment.標準答案:他們可能只是動動嘴皮子說尊重我們的歷史遺產(chǎn)和環(huán)境。知識點解析:暫無解析6、Carbonmonoxidedoesn’tnormallycauseproblemsinawell-ventilatedareawherethegasisspread,butifitbuildsupinenclosedorpoorly-ventilatedspaces,itcausespoisoningwhenthefumesareinhaled.標準答案:如果通風狀況良好,一氧化碳能迅速散開,通常不會產(chǎn)生嚴重問題;但如果環(huán)境封閉,流通性差,一氧化碳積累起來,人們吸入積聚的煙塵就會中毒。知識點解析:暫無解析7、PollutionandEcocrisisTheproblemofpollutionisalsoofgreatsocialconcern.Continuedpopulationincrease,accompaniedbyariseintheleveloflivingstandards,notonlythreatenstoexhaustAmericanresourcesbutpollutestheenvironmenttosuchanextentthatproductioninthethicklysettledareaisimpossiblewithoutdamagingthehealthofthelocalresidents.Smog,onceanurbanannoyance,isnowrecognizedasahealthrisk,andtheautomobilehasbeenpinpointedastheprincipalculprit.Heavyindustrieshavebeenblamedforriver,soil,air,noiseandvisualpollutions.DDTandotherchemicalremedieshavebeendoingmoreecologicalharmthanthegoodthattheymayhavebroughtalong.Severaldecadesago,Americansdumpedrawsewageintoriversandmanyindustrialplantsarenowstilldumpingchemicalpollutantsintolakes,riversandoceans.Oceansusedtobeandarestillbeingconsideredtobeareserveofseafood.Today,aftertheoceanshavebecomethehomeofallpollutants,thisuseoftheoceansisbeingreducedatanalarmingrate.Theworstpollutionthreatisconcentratedinandnearlargecities.Therethepeople-madepollutantsincreasinglysurpasstheabilityofairandwatertodilutethecontaminantstosafelevels.Thenaturalecologicalcycledependsonplants,whichabsorbsomepollutantsandreleaseoxygentotheair.Butnearlargecities,naturalvegetationbecomesscarce,andintroducedtrees,ornamentalshrubsandgardensarefarfromadequateinabsorbingmotorvehicleandindustrialairpollutants.Finally,somepollutants,mostnotablyatomicwaste,maycontinuetocontaminateair,land,andwaterforthousandsofyears.Therefore,ecocrisis—ecocatastropheorecocide—hasbeenforsometimeoneofthemajorconcernsofnotonlytheecoactivistsandenvironmentalists,butofmanyscientistsofotherfieldsandthegovernmentauthoritiesofmanycountriesaswell.Lastbutnotleast,thereisthequestionofwhetherthepeoplewilleventuallybeabletosolvealltheseproblems.TheAmericancontinentisawealthylandinhabitedbymanyableandwell-educatedpeople.Theretoday,peoplehaveoriginatedalife-stylewhichisknowntotheworldasbeingcharacteristicofasocietyofconsumption—alife-stylebasedontheprodigaluseofmaterialgoods.Theyareusingupmanytimestheirshareoftheearth’sresourcesatarateunparalleledinhistory.AndIamsorrytosaythatthislife-styleofAmericanhasbeencopiedbythepeopleofmanydevelopedcountries,leadingtothegreatestproblemofthemodernworldasawhole.SoImustask:AretheAmericansaptenoughtocooperatewithotherpeoplestopreventoverpopulation,resourceexhaustion,thecatastropheofpollutionandthewantonwasteofwealth-problemswhicharebasictothesolutionofmanyoutstandingeconomic,socialandpoliticalproblems?Onlytimewilltell.標準答案:污染和生態(tài)危機污染問題也受到了社會的極大關注。人口在持續(xù)增長,生活水平在提高,這不僅威脅到美國資源的枯竭,而且還污染環(huán)境到了極嚴重的地步:人口密集區(qū)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)與當?shù)鼐用竦慕】狄殉蔀椴豢烧{(diào)和的矛盾。煙霧,原先不過是城市居民的一件煩心事,現(xiàn)在被公認為危害健康的頭號大敵。機動車輛已被視為造成煙霧的罪魁禍首。重工業(yè)因污染河流、土壤、空氣、產(chǎn)生噪音和影響可見度等方面而備受指責。滴滴涕(DDT)及其他化學藥劑對生態(tài)的影響是弊大于利。幾十年前,美國人把未經(jīng)處理的污水倒入河流,而許多工廠如今仍在把化學污染物傾入湖泊、江河和海洋。人們一向認為海洋是海產(chǎn)品的寶庫。今天,海洋已成為一切污染物的集中地之后,海產(chǎn)品正以驚人速度縮減。大城市及其周邊是污染最嚴重的地方。在那里,人為污染物的擴散越來越超過空氣和水將污染物分解稀釋到安全水平的能力。自然界生態(tài)循環(huán)依賴于植物;植物吸收一些污染物,把氧氣釋放到空氣中。但鄰近大城市的地區(qū),天然植被日漸稀少,而移植的樹木、觀賞灌木及花園又遠不足以吸收機動車輛和工業(yè)產(chǎn)生的空氣污染物。最終,有些污染物,尤其是原子能廢料,可能會繼續(xù)污染空氣、土地和水源達幾千年之久。因此,生態(tài)危機——也稱為生態(tài)災難或生態(tài)滅絕——一段時期以來不僅是生態(tài)活動家和環(huán)保主義者關注的主要問題,而且引起了其他領域許多科學家和許多國家政府當局的重視。最后,問題是,人們最終是否能解決所有這些問題?美國大陸是一塊富裕的土地,居住著許多能干的、受過良好教育的人。如今,在那里人們開創(chuàng)了一種以消費社會為特色而聞名全球的生活方式,即一種揮霍物質(zhì)財富為基礎的生活方式。美國人正以前所未有的速度耗費著超過他們份額不知多少倍的地球資源。我遺憾地說,美國人的這種生活方式,已被許多發(fā)達國家的人民所仿效,導致了當前整個世界的最嚴重的問題。因此我不得不問:美國人是否善于與別國人民合作來防止人口過剩、資源枯竭、污染災難和恣意浪費人類財富的行為?這一系列問題正是解決許多懸而未決的經(jīng)濟、社會和政治問題的基礎。我們將拭目以待。知識點解析:暫無解析8、AirPollutionandtheImportanceofTreesAirpollutionisnotapopularsubject,whichiswhylittlenoticehasbeentakenofanEUjudgmentagainsttheUKonthesubject,butitdeservesfullattention:itshowshowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentandourhealth.LondonhastheworstairqualityofanycapitalcityinEuropeandthereare12otherareasofBritainwithseriousairpollutionproblemslargelycausedbyvehicles.Aftersmokingitisthebiggestthreattohealth.Despitethis,thegovernmentplanstodelayintroducingmandatorycutstopollutantlevelsasrequiredbytheEuropeanCommission,andfaceslargefinesasaresult.IamfortunatetoliveinoneofthefewplacesinBritainwheretheairqualityissogoodrarelichenssurvivestillandthelightiscrystalclear;wheneverIvisitLondon,withinminutesmyeyesbecomeirritatedandmythroatsore,andIfeelpoisoned,whichofcourseIam,anditisextraordinarythatmillionsofpeopleinBritainandmostworldcitiesarebeingdamagedtosuchanextentthattheirlifeexpectancyisbeingreduceddaily.Theofficialconcernisoftheimpactofthesepollutantsonpublichealth,butmyconcernextendstoincludetheeffectonthebirds,insectsandmammalswhichshareourcitiestoo.Theyaresosmall,andsosuffersomuchmore.Itseemsthat,inordertocomplywiththelaw,thegovernmentisconsideringintroducinganationalzonesystemfromwhichtheworstpollutingvehicleswillbebanned.Itwillhelp,butcouldleadtothetrafficbeingdivertedtopollutethecountrysideinstead.Whydotheynotconsiderbanningpollutingvehiclesaltogether?Itwouldbesomucheasieraswellascleaner—butthenbusinesscirclewouldbeupset,andthatwouldneverdo.Wouldit?Itisrefreshingtohearofaquietbutverysignificantreportbyexpertswhichwillconfirmtheimportanceoftreesandforestsforthemaintenanceofessentialeco-systems,forfloodmanagement,reductionofcarbonemissions,wildlifebenefitsandpublicenjoyment.Thefindings,tobepublishedtoday,willassert,Ibelieve,thatthisfreebutimmenselyvaluableresourcehasbeenignoredandunderestimatedfortoolong,andthatthenumberofforestedareasinEnglandshouldbeincreasedby50percentoverthenextfewdecades,aswellasbeingheldintrustforthepeopleofBritainratherthanbeingsoldoffforprofitasonceintendedbygovernment.Itisgoodnews.However,themoneyissueonceagainwilldeterminetheoutcomeofthereport.Itisironicthatjustasthereiscriticismledbypoliticiansandthemediaaboutbankerstryingtomakeprofitoutofmarketmanipulation,thosesamepoliticiansaredrivenbyanintenttouseBritishresourcestomaximumfinancialbenefit,whatevertheymaybe,howevertreasuredandiconic.Theymaypaylipservicetorespectingourheritageandenvironment,butgiventhechoicebetweenmakingmoneybyfellingtimberingreatquantitiesandinvestingincaringforanddevelopingourwoodlands,profitusuallywillbethepreferredchoiceofaction.Itmaynotbeillegalasitisinthecaseofthebankers’activities,butformeitisjustasunethicalaswellasbeingveryshort-sighted.ThereportonEngland’sforestsdeservesfullattentionbutitwillbeovershadowedbybusinesstycoons’determinationtoreapagreaterprofit.Whatacontrastofvalueswehave.標準答案:空氣污染及樹木的重要性空氣污染不是一個流行的議題。這就是為什么最近歐盟對英國的一項裁定案并未引起人們多少關注。但是這事值得我們關注:事關我們對環(huán)境和健康的重視程度。歐洲國家首都中,倫敦空氣質(zhì)量最差。由于交通原因,英國還有12個地方的空氣污染也非常嚴重。空氣污染已是繼吸煙之后人類健康第二大殺手。盡管如此,英國政府還是未能遵循歐盟委員會的強制要求,并且計劃延遲引入污染等級強制削減計劃,最終面臨巨額罰款。我很幸運:我住在英國少數(shù)幾個污染并不嚴重的地區(qū),這里空氣質(zhì)量尚佳、稀有菌類依舊可見、日間光線通透明亮。每每造訪倫敦,雙眼數(shù)分鐘內(nèi)即感不適、喉嚨酸痛,有種被囚禁的感覺,事實上我也的確被囚禁了。英國及世界其他城市中數(shù)百萬居民受到空氣污染的威脅,他們的預期壽命日朘月減。政府擔憂污染物會對公眾健康產(chǎn)生不良影響。但更多的擔憂集中在空氣污染對和我們居住在一起的鳥類、昆蟲和哺乳動物的影響。他們?nèi)绱粟A弱,卻比人類承受更多。為遵循法律條款,政府似乎正在考慮引進全國區(qū)域系統(tǒng)——區(qū)域內(nèi)對環(huán)境污染最為嚴重的機動車輛禁止行駛。這可能起點作用,但也可能導致車流涌向鄉(xiāng)村,造成當?shù)乜諝馕廴?。為什么不考慮全面禁止排污嚴重的車輛行駛呢?這樣就方便又清潔——可能商企界會為此不安,所以這做法永遠無法實施。這做法可行嗎?一則低調(diào)發(fā)布但卻意義重大的專家報告讓人為之欣慰。報告確認了植樹造林對于維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)、抗洪減排、野生動物保護及大眾游憩等方面的重要性。我相信今天就要發(fā)布的報告結論將佐證人們長久以來忽視或低估了這種免費且價值巨大的資源,并將佐證森林面積應在接下來的數(shù)十年中增加百分之五十。為了民眾,政府應保護森林,而非像之前的做法——砍伐樹木獲利。這不啻于一則鼓舞人心的好消息。然而,資金問題將再一次決定該報告的最終結果。諷刺的是,正如政客和媒體對銀行試圖通過市場操控獲利的行為大肆批判一樣,這些政客本身也想著動用本國資源,使其商業(yè)利益最大化——不管這些資源是什么,也不管它們是如何的珍貴或是帶有地區(qū)標志性。他們可能動動嘴皮子說尊重我們的歷史遺產(chǎn)和環(huán)境,但是在伐樹獲利和注資于發(fā)展林木之間,利益總是放在優(yōu)先考慮的位置。銀行家的行為或許不犯法,但是就我看來,其行為無德且短視。這份英國森林調(diào)查報告值得我們注意,但是與商界大佬決意追求利潤的背景相形見絀。我們和他們的價值觀差異可謂天壤之別!知識點解析:暫無解析二、漢譯英(本題共8題,每題1.0分,共8分。)9、環(huán)境污染足以引起民眾的憂慮,但人們正采取一系列積極有效的對應措施。標準答案:Environmentalpollution/contaminationisgreatcauseforpublicconcern,butpeopleareadoptingaseriesofeffectivemeasurestodealwith/copewiththeproblem.知識點解析:暫無解析10、一些發(fā)展中國家正致力于發(fā)展循環(huán)經(jīng)濟,大規(guī)模利用太陽能、風能等可再生清潔能源,普及發(fā)展生態(tài)交通、生態(tài)建筑和環(huán)保建材。標準答案:Somedevelopingcountries/economiesarecommittedto(pledgethemselvesto)arecyclingeconomy,exploiting/tappingsolarpower,windenergyandotherrenewableenergiesandpromotingeco-traffic,ecologicalconstructionandenvironment-friendlybuildingmaterials.知識點解析:暫無解析11、科學技術在促進人類進步的同時,也逐漸將人類推向了環(huán)境惡化的深淵,它到底是福還是禍呢?標準答案:Thoughsciencepromoteshumanprogress(ispushingforward/advancingthedevelopmentofthehumanspecies),italsopusheshumanbeingstotheabyssofenvironmentaldeterioration—isitablessingoracurse?知識點解析:暫無解析12、我們要下決心解決好關系群眾切身利益的大氣、水、土壤等突出環(huán)境污染問題,改善環(huán)境質(zhì)量,維護人民健康。標準答案:Weshould/mustresolve(makeupourminds)tosolvetheproblemsofseriousair,waterandsoilpollutionthataffectthepeople’svitalinterests/wellbeing;improveenvironmentalquality,andprotect/safeguardpeople’shealth.知識點解析:暫無解析13、中國將使二氧化碳排放比十年前年下降60%一65%,非化石能源占一次能源消費(primaryenergyconsumption)比重達到20%左右。標準答案:Chinawillcut/reducecarbonemissionsby60%-65%comparedto/withtenyearsagoandincreasetheshareofnon-fossilfuelsinprimaryenergyconsumptiontoabout20%.知識點解析:暫無解析14、這家野生動物園內(nèi)匯集著許多珍稀動物和瀕危動物,其中就有中國特產(chǎn)的大熊貓和金絲猴(snub-nosedmonkey)等。標準答案:Thewildlifepark/safarihasmanyrareandendangeredanimals,includinggiantpandasandsnub-nosedmonkeysnativetoChina(,whichlive/existonlyinChina).知識點解析:暫無解析15、環(huán)境保護霧霾天氣范圍擴大,環(huán)境污染矛盾突出,是大自然向粗放發(fā)展方式亮起的紅燈。必須加強生態(tài)環(huán)境保護,下決心用硬措施完成硬任務。我們要出重拳強化污染防治。以霧霾頻發(fā)的特大城市和區(qū)域為重點,以細顆粒物和可吸入顆粒物治理為突破口,抓住產(chǎn)業(yè)結構、能源效率、尾氣排放和揚塵等關鍵環(huán)節(jié),健全政府、企業(yè)、公眾共同參與新機制,實行區(qū)域聯(lián)防聯(lián)控,深入實施大氣污染防治行動計劃。今年要淘汰燃煤小鍋爐5萬臺。實施清潔水行動計劃,加強飲用水源保護,推進重點流域污染治理。實施土壤修復工程。推動能源生產(chǎn)和消費方式變革。加大節(jié)能減排力度,控制能源消費總量,今年能源消耗強度要降低3.9%以上。要提高非化石能源發(fā)電比重,發(fā)展智能電網(wǎng),鼓勵發(fā)展風能、太陽能,開工一批水電、核電項目。加強天然氣、頁巖氣勘探開采與應用。強化節(jié)水、節(jié)材和資源綜合利用。加快開發(fā)應用節(jié)能環(huán)保技術和產(chǎn)品,把節(jié)能環(huán)保產(chǎn)業(yè)打造成生機勃勃的朝陽產(chǎn)業(yè)。標準答案:EnvironmentalProtectionThehazethathasbeenhangingovermoreareasofChinaforlongerperiods,andtheproblemsofenvironmentalpollutionarebecomingmajorconcerns;theyarearedlightfromNaturewarningagainsttheextensiveeconomicgrowthmodel.Therefore,wemustforcefully/betterprotecttheecologicalenvironmentandbedeterminedtotakeresolutemeasurestoaccomplishthisdemandingmission.Toughmeasureswillbeadoptedtobetterpreventandcontrolpollution.Wewillfullyimplementtheplanforpreventingandcontrollingairpollution,withthefocusonmegacitiesandregionswithfrequentoccurrenceofsmog.WewillstartbyreducingPM10andPM2.5emissions,andfocusonthefollowingkeyareas:improvingtheindustrialstructure,raisingenergyefficiency,reducingvehicleexhaustemissions,andpreventingandmonitoringwind-bornedust.Wewillimprovethenewmechanisminvolvinggovernment,enterprisesandthegeneralpublic,coordinatepreventionandcontroleffortsinaffectedregions,andfullyimplementtheactionplanforpreventingandcontrollingairpollution.Specifically,50,000smallcoal-firedfurnacesshallbephasedoutthisyear.Wewillputinplaceanactionplanforcleanwaterbyvigorouslyprotectingthesourcesofdrinkingwater,andmovingaheadwiththetreatmentofpollutioninmajorrivervalleys.Wewillalsorestorepollutedland.Chinawillreform(themodesof)energyproductionandconsumption.Chinawillenhanceenergysavingsandlimitemissionstocontrolthetotalvolumeofenergyconsumption,soastoreduceenergyconsumptionbyover3.9%thisyear.Wewillincreasetheproportionofnon-fossil-fuel-generatedelectricity;developsmartelectricgrids;encouragethedevelopmentofwindandsolarpower,andlaunchanumberofhydroelectric-powerandnuclearpowerprojects.Wewillincreaseexploration,developmentandapplicationofnaturalgasandshalegas.Employingcleanmethodsofproduction,greenandlow-carbontechnologiesandarecyclingeconomywillbetterenableustocopewithachangingclimate.Conservingwaterandmaterialsandtheoverallbetteruseofresourcesshallbeourgoal.Wewillspeedupthedevelopmentanduseofenergy-efficientandenvironmentallyfriendlytechnologiesandproductsandturntheenergyconservationandenvironmentalprotectionindustriesintodynamicsunriseindustries.知識點解析:暫無解析16、環(huán)境惡化人類有史以來不斷改變自然環(huán)境,以改善自己的生活方式。人類借助技術工具改變了地球的許多自然特征。他將林地和草原改造成為農(nóng)田,使江河變成湖泊和水庫,用于灌溉或用于水力發(fā)電。人類還通過給沼澤地排水、鑿石劈山、修建公路和鐵路等方式,改變了地球的面貌。然而,人類改變自然環(huán)境并不總是帶來有益的結果。今天,空氣和水的污染給地球的健康造成越來越嚴重的危害。每天機動車輛的排氣管排出成千上萬噸廢氣。工廠釋放的煙霧污染了工業(yè)區(qū)和周圍鄉(xiāng)村的空氣。水污染同樣有害,海洋的整個生態(tài)平衡正在受到破壞,工業(yè)廢水已使許多河流的生物死亡。現(xiàn)在,環(huán)境保護比以往任何時候都更為緊迫。我們知道,對環(huán)境的大規(guī)模破壞已經(jīng)帶來負面影響,甚至咄咄逼人地威脅到人類的生存。對這些問題漠不關心將意味著自我毀滅。標準答案:TheDeteriorationoftheEnvironmentThroughouthistory/Throughtheages,man/mankind/humanityhasbeenconsistentlychangingnature(haschangedhisphysicalenvironment)inordertoimprovehiswayoflife.Withthetools/instrumentsoftechnologyhehasalteredmanyphysicalfeaturesoftheearth.Hehastransformedwoodlands/forestsandprairiesintofarmsandmadelakesandreservoirsoutofriversforirrigationpurposesorhydroelectricpower(forirrigationandpowergeneration).

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