大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷21（共265題）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷21（共9套）（共265題）大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)改革適用（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套一、長(zhǎng)篇閱讀(本題共20題，每題1.0分，共20分。)TheChangingGeneration[A]Itturnsouttoday'steenagersaren'tsoscaryafterall.ResultsofUSAWEEKEND’sTeens&Parentssurveyrevealagenerationofyoungpeoplewhogetalongwellwiththeirparentsandapproveofthewaythey'rebeingraised.Theythinkoftheirparentswithaffectionandrespect.TheyspeakwithMomorDadwhentheyhaveaproblem.Mostfeelthattheirparentsunderstandthem,andtheybelievetheirfamilyistheNo.1priorityintheirparents'lives.Manyeventhinktheirparentsarecool!Althoughmorethanathirdhaveanobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents,rarelyisitanythingmorealarmingthanadiaryoroff-color(低俗的)bookorCD.[B]Suchresultsmayseemsurprisingagainstthebackgroundofshockingincidentsthatcolorthewaythemassmediaportraytheyoung.InOctober2000,thesamemonththesurveywastaken,theWashington-basedCenterforMediaandPublicAffairswroteinitspublicationMediaMonitorthat,inarecentmonthofTVnewscoverageofAmericanyouth,just2%ofteenswereshownathome,andjust1%wereportrayedinaworksetting.Incontrast,thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds.Nowonderparentsworrytheirownkidsmightspinoutofcontroloncetheyhittheturbulentwatersofadolescence.[C]Theoverallfactsoughttoreassureus.Thesurveyshowsusthattoday'steensareaffectionate,sensibleandfarhappierthantheangryandtorturedsoulsthathavebeenpaintedforusbystereotypes.Fromothersources,wealsoknowteenagecrime,drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline.We,ofcourse,needtopayattentiontoyoungsterswhoarefilledwithdiscontentandhostility,butweshouldnotallowtheseextremecasestodistortourviewofmostyoungpeople.[D]MyownresearchattheStanfordCenteronAdolescenceusesin-depthinterviewswithsmallsamplesofyoungstersratherthanlarge-scalesurvey.Still,inmystudiesandothersIhaveread,IfindthesamepatternsasinUSAWEEKEND’ssurvey.Today'steenagersadmiretheirparentsandwelcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice—thoughcertainlynotMomandDad'sadviceonmattersofpersonaltaste,suchasmusicorfashion.Whenweaskteenstochooseahero,theyusuallyselectanolderfamilymemberratherthanaremotepublicfigure.Mostteenssaytheyenjoythecompanyofbothparentsandfriends.[E]Contrarytosomestereotypes,mostadolescentsbelievetheymustbetolerantofdifferencesamongindividuals(thoughtheydonotalwaysfindthiseasyinthecliquishenvironmentofhighschool).Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople.Oneprevalentqualitywehavefoundinteens'statementsaboutthemselves,theirfriendsandtheirfamiliesisastrikinglypositiveemotionaltone.Byandlarge,theseareverynicekids,andasthebandTheWhousedtosing,"Thekidsarealright."[F]Howmuchistoday'sspiritofharmonyachangefromourmoreturbulentpast?Ameregenerationago,parent-childrelationsweredescribedas"thegenerationgap."Yeteventhenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone:Mostkidsinthe'60sand'70ssharedtheirparents'basicvalues.Still,itistruethatAmericanfamiliesaregrowingcloseratthedawnofthisnewmillennium(千年).Perhapsthereislesstofightabout,withthecountryinaperiodoftranquilityandthedangersofdrugabuseandotherunwholesomebehaviorwellknown.Perhapsinthefaceofimpersonalandintimidatingglobalization,ayoungperson'sfamilyfeelsmorelikeafriendlyhaventhananoppressivetrap.Andperhapsparentsareactingmorelikeparentsthanintherecentpast.Withinjustthepastfiveyears.Ihavenoticedparentsreturningtoabeliefthatteenagersneedtheguidanceofeldersratherthantheliberal,"anythinggoes"modeofchild-rearingthatbecamepopularinthesecondhalfofthe20thcentury.[G]Butmissingfromallthesedataisthesensethattoday'syoungcareverymuchabouttheircountry,aboutthebroadercivicandpoliticalenvironment,oraboutthefutureoftheirsociety.Theyseemtobeturninginward—generallyinapro-socialmanner,certainlywithpositivebenefitsforintimaterelationships,buttoooftenattheexpenseofaconnectionwiththepresentandfutureworldbeyond,includingthesocietytheywillonedayinherit.[H]Recently,weexaminedmorethan400essaysonthe"lawsoflife"thatteensfromtwocommunitieshadwrittenaspartofaneducationalprograminitiatedbytheJohnTempletonFoundationinRadnor,Pa.Inthoseessays,andinfollow-upinterviewswithafewoftheteenagers,wefoundlotsofinsight,positivefeelingandinspirationalthinking.Butwealsofoundlittleinterestinciviclifebeyondthetightcirclesoftheirfamilyandimmediatefriends.[I]Forexample,onlyoneboysaidhewouldliketobepresidentwhenhegrowsup.WhenIwasinhighschool,dozensinmyclassalonewouldhaveanswereddifferently.Infact,otherrecentstudieshavefoundtherehasneverbeenatimeinAmericanhistorywhensosmallaproportionofyoungpeoplehavesoughtoracceptedleadershiprolesinlocalcivicorganizations.Itisalsotroublingthatvotingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters—18-to24-year-olds—arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections,comparedwithalmosttwicethatmanywhen18-year-oldswerefirstgiventhevote.[J]Inourinterviews,manystudentsviewedpoliticswithsuspicionanddistaste."Mostpoliticiansarekindofcrooked(不誠(chéng)實(shí)的),"onestudentdeclared.Another,discussingnationalpolitics,said,"Igettheimpressionmostpeopledon'tthinkagroupofpeoplecandothatmuch."Askedwhattheywouldliketochangeintheworld,thestudentsmentionedonlypersonalconcernssuchasslowingdownthepaceoflife,gaininggoodfriends,becomingmorespiritual,becomingeithermoremateriallysuccessfulorlessmateriallyoriented(dependingonthestudent'svalues),andbeingmorerespectfuloftheEarth,animalsandotherpeople.Oneboysaid,"I'dratherbeconcentratingonartisticeffortsthansavingtheworldorsomething."[K]Itisfineandhealthyforteenstocultivatetheirpersonalinterests,anditisgoodnewswhenyoungpeopleenjoyharmoniousrelationswiththeirfamilyandfriends.Butthereisalsoaplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposesthatincludeadedicationtothebroadersociety,aloveofcountryandanaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions.[L]Inthepast,theyounghaveeagerlyparticipatedinnationalserviceandcivicaffairs,oftenwithlotsofenergyandidealism.Ifthisisnothappeningtoday,weshouldaskwhy.Oursocietyneedsthefullparticipationofitsyoungercitizensifitistocontinuetothrive.Weknowthepromiseisthere—thisisawell-grounded,talented,warm-heartedgroupofyoungsters.Wehaveeverythingtogainbyencouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld.1、Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelectionsthesedays.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：I知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：如今沒(méi)有多少具有投票資格的年輕選民對(duì)本地或國(guó)家選舉感興趣了。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Notmanyyoungpeopleeligibleforvotingareinterestedinlocalornationalelections與I段末句的votingratesamongouryoungesteligiblevoters—18-to24-year-olds—arewaydown:Littlemorethanoneinfournowgotothepolls,eveninnationalelections相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)I段末句的同義替換。故本題選I。2、Parentsareconcernedthattheirchildrenmaygetinvolvedincriminaloffencesoncetheyreachtheirteens.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：父母擔(dān)心，他們的孩子一旦成為青少年，就會(huì)被卷入刑事犯罪中。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Parentsareconcernedthat和getinvolvedincriminaloffences與B段末句的Nowonderparentsworry及倒數(shù)第二句的thecriminaljusticesystemaccountedfornearlyoneoutofeveryfivevisualbackgrounds相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)B段的概括總結(jié)。故本題選B。3、Evenduringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury,youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：即使是在20世紀(jì)的動(dòng)蕩年代，媒體也經(jīng)常會(huì)夸大年輕人的叛逆。題干的時(shí)間關(guān)鍵詞duringtheturbulentyearsoflastcentury，以及其他關(guān)鍵詞youthrebellionwasoftenexaggeratedinthemedia與F段第二句的Ameregenerationago及第三句的thenreportsofwidespreadyouthrebellionwereoverdone相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)F段第二、三句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選F。4、Teenagersoftodayoftenturntotheirparentsforadviceonsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：如今的年輕人經(jīng)常向父母尋求關(guān)于職業(yè)選擇等重要事項(xiàng)的建議。題干的人物關(guān)鍵詞Teenagersoftoday，以及其他關(guān)鍵詞turntotheirparentsforadvice，onsuchimportantmattersascareerchoice與D段第三句的Today’steenagers及welcomeparentalguidanceaboutimportantmatterssuchascareerchoice相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)D段第三句的同義替換。故本題選D。5、Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehaviorisdecreasingnowadays.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：如今，青少年的犯罪率和行為不端的發(fā)生率在逐漸降低。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Theincidenceofteenagecrimeandmisbehavior和isdecreasingnowadays與C段第三句的teenagecrime，drugabuseandpremaritalsexareingeneraldecline相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)C段第三句的同義替換。故本題選C。6、Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyidealsinlifeandstrivetobeleaders.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：年輕人在生活中應(yīng)該具有崇高的理想，努力成為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Youngpeopleshouldhaveloftyideals和strivetobeleaders與K段末句的aplaceinayounglifefornoblepurposes及anaspirationtomaketheirownleadershipcontributions相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)K段末句的同義替換。故本題選K。7、Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselvesanddon’twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：一些年輕人想要保留一些秘密，不想讓父母知道。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Someyoungpeopleliketokeepsomethingtothemselves和don’twanttheirparentstoknowaboutit與A段末句的haveallobjectintheirroomstheywouldliketokeepsecretfromtheirparents相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)A段末句的同義替換。故本題選A。8、Itisbeneficialtoencourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldandgetreadytomakeitabetterplace.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：L知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：鼓勵(lì)年輕人探索更廣闊的世界，并準(zhǔn)備好使其變成一個(gè)更美好的世界，這是有益的。題干的關(guān)鍵詞encourageyoungpeopletoexplorethebroaderworldgetreadytomakeitabetterplace和isbeneficial與L段末句的encouragingthemtoexploretheworldbeyondtheirimmediateexperienceandtopreparethemselvesfortheirturnatshapingthatworld及Wehaveeverythingtogain相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)L段末句的同義替換。故本題選L。9、Manyteenagersnowoffertorenderservicetotheneedy.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：許多年輕人現(xiàn)在自愿為有需要的人提供服務(wù)。題干的關(guān)鍵詞offertorenderservicetotheneedy和Manyteenagers與E段第二句的Manyofthemvolunteerforcommunityservicewithdisadvantagedpeople相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)E段第二句的同義替換。故本題選E。10、Interviewswithstudentsfindmanyofthemareonlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatters.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：從對(duì)學(xué)生的采訪中發(fā)現(xiàn)，他們中的許多人只關(guān)心自己的事情。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Interviewswithstudents和onlyconcernedaboutpersonalmatter與J段第一句的Inourinterviews第四句的studentsmentionedonlypersonalconcerns相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)J段第一、四句的同義替換。故本題選J。TheAmericanWorkplaceIsBroken.Here'sHowWecanStartFixingIt.[A]Americansareworkinglongerandharderhoursthaneverbefore.83%ofworkerssaythey'restressedabouttheirjobs,nearly50%saywork-relatedstressisinterferingwiththeirsleep,and60%usetheirsmartphonestocheckinwithworkoutsideofnormalworkinghours.Nowonderonly13%ofemployeesworldwidefeelengagedintheiroccupation.[B]Glimmers(少許)ofhope,however,arebeginningtoemergeinthisbruisingenvironment:Americansarebecomingawareofthetolltheirjobstakeonthem,andemployersareexploringwaystoalleviatetheharmfuleffectsofstressandoverwork.Yetmuchmoreworkremainstobedone.Tocallstressanepidemicisn'texaggeration.The83%ofAmericanemployeeswhoarestressedabouttheirjobs—upfrom73%justayearbefore—saythatpoorcompensationandanunreasonableworkloadaretheirnumber-onesourcesofstress.Andifyoususpectedthattheworkplacehadgottenmorestressfulthanitwasjustafewdecadesago,you'reright.Stresslevelsincreased18%forwomenand24%formenfrom1983to2009.Stressisalsostartingearlierinlife,withsomedatasuggestingthattoday'steensareevenmorestressedthanadults.[C]Stressistakingasignificanttollonourhealth,andthecollectivepublichealthcostmaybeenormous.Occupationalstressincreasestheriskofheartattackanddiabetes,acceleratestheagingprocess,decreaseslongevity,andcontributestodepressionandanxiety,amongnumerousothernegativehealthoutcomes.Overall,stress-relatedhealthproblemsaccountforupto90%ofhospitalvisits,manyofthempreventable.Yourjobis"literallykillingyou,"asTheWashingtonPostputit.It'salsohurtingourrelationships.Workingparentssaytheyfeelstressed,tired,rushedandshortonqualitytimewiththeirchildren,friendsandpartners.[D]Sevenin10workerssaytheystruggletomaintainwork-lifebalance.Astechnology(andwithit,workemails)seeps(滲入)intoeveryaspectofourlives,work-lifebalancehasbecomeanalmostmeaninglessterm.Addarapidlychangingeconomyandanuncertainfuturetothis24/7connectivity,andyou'vegotarecipeforoverwork,accordingtoPhyllisMoen."There'srisingworkdemandcoupledwiththeinsecurityofmergers,takeovers,downsizingandotherfactors,"Moensaid."Partofthework-lifeissuehastotalkaboutuncertaintyaboutthefuture."[E]Thesefactorshaveconvergedtocreateanincreasinglyimpossiblesituationwithmanyemployeesoverworkingtothepointofburnout.It'snotonlyunsustainableforworkers,butalsoforthecompaniesthatemploythem.Sciencehasshownaclearcorrelationbetweenhighstresslevelsinworkersandabsenteeism(曠工),reducedproductivity,disengagementandhighturnover.Toomanyworkplacepolicieseffectivelyprohibitemployeesfromdevelopingahealthywork-lifebalancebybarringthemfromtakingtimeoff,evenwhentheyneeditmost.[F]TheU.S.trailsfarbehindeverywealthynationandmanydevelopingonesthathavefamily-friendlyworkpoliciesincludingpaidparentalleave,paidsickdaysandbreast-feedingsupport,accordingtoa2007study.TheU.S.isalsotheonlyadvancedeconomythatdoesnotguaranteeworkerspaidvacationtime,andit'soneofonlytwocountriesintheworldthatdoesnotofferguaranteedpaidmaternityleave.Butevenwhenemployeesaregivenpaidtimeoff,workplacenormsandexpectationsthatpressurethemtooverworkoftenpreventthemfromtakingit.Fulltimeemployeeswhodohavepaidvacationdaysonlyusehalfofthemonaverage.[G]Ourmodernworkplacesalsooperatebasedonoutdatedtimeconstraints.Thepracticeofclockinginforaneight-hourworkdayisaleftoverfromthedaysoftheIndustrialRevolution,asreflectedinthethen-popularsaying,"Eighthourslabor,eighthoursrecreation,eighthoursrest."[H]We'veheldontothisworkdaystructure—butthankstoourdigitaldevices,manyemployeesneverreallyclockout.Today,theaverageAmericanspends8.8hoursatworkdaily,andthemajorityofworkingprofessionalsspendadditionalhourscheckinginwithworkduringevenings,weekendsandevenvacations.Theproblemisn'tthetechnologyitself,butthatthetechnologyisbeingusedtocreatemoreflexibilityfortheemployerratherthantheemployee.Inacompetitiveworkenvironment,employersareabletousetechnologytodemandmorefromtheiremployeesratherthanmotivatingworkerswithflexibilitythatbenefitsthem.[I]Inastudypublishedlastyear,psychologistscoinedtheterm"workplacetelepressure"todescribeanemployee'surgetoimmediatelyrespondtoemailsandengageinobsessivethoughtsaboutreturninganemailtoone'sboss,colleaguesorclients.Theresearchersfoundthattelepressureisamajorcauseofstressatwork,whichovertimecontributestophysicalandmentalburnout.Ofthe300employeesparticipatinginthestudy,thosewhoexperiencedhighlevelsoftelepressureweremorelikelytoagreewithstatementsassessingburnout,like"I'venoenergyforgoingtoworkinthemorning,"andtoreportfeelingfatiguedandunfocused.Telepressurewasalsocorrelatedwithsleepingpoorlyandmissingwork.[J]HarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorLesliePerlowexplainsthatwhenpeoplefeelthepressuretobealways"on,"theyfindwaystoaccommodatethatpressure,includingalteringtheirschedules,workhabitsandinteractionswithfamilyandfriends.Perlowcallsthisviciouscyclethe"cycleofresponsiveness":Oncebossesandcolleaguesexperienceanemployee'sincreasedresponsiveness,theyincreasetheirdemandsontheemployee'stime.Andbecauseafailuretoaccepttheseincreaseddemandsindicatesalackofcommitmenttoone'swork,theemployeecomplies.[K]Toaddressskyrocketingemployeestresslevels,manycompanieshaveimplementedworkplacewellnessprograms,partneringwithhealthcareprovidersthathavecreatedprogramstopromoteemployeehealthandwell-being.Someresearchdoessuggestthattheseprogramsholdpromise.AstudyofemployeesathealthinsuranceproviderAetnarevealedthatroughlyonequarterofthosetakingin-officeyogaandmindfulnessclassesreporteda28%reductionintheirstresslevelsanda20%improvementinsleepquality.Theseless-stressedworkersgainedanaverageof62minutesperweekofproductivity.Whileyogaandmeditation(靜思)arescientificallyproventoreducestresslevels,theseprogramsdolittletotargettherootcausesofburnoutanddisengagement.Theconditionscreatingthestressarelonghours,unrealisticdemandsanddeadlines,andwork-lifeconflict.[L]Moenandhercolleaguesmayhavefoundthesolution.Ina2011study,sheinvestigatedtheeffectsofimplementingaResultsOnlyWorkEnvironment(ROWE)ontheproductivityandwell-beingofemployeesatBestBuy'scorporateheadquarters.[M]Forthestudy,325employeesspentsixmonthstakingpartinROWE,whileacontrolgroupof334employeescontinuedwiththeirnormalworkflow.TheROWEparticipantswereallowedtofreelydeterminewhen,whereandhowtheyworked—theonlythingthatmatteredwasthattheygotthejobdone.Theresultswerestriking.Aftersixmonths,theemployeeswhoparticipatedinROWEreportedreducedwork-familyconflictandabettersenseofcontroloftheirtime,andtheyweregettingafullhourofextrasleepeachnight.Theemployeeswerelesslikelytoleavetheirjobs,resultinginreducedturnover.It'simportanttonotethattheincreasedflexibilitydidn'tencouragethemtoworkaroundtheclock."Theydidn'tworkanywhereandallthetime—theywerebetterabletomanagetheirwork,"Moensaid."Flexibilityandcontroliskey,"shecontinued.11、Workplacenormspressureemployeestooverwork,deterringthemfromtakingpaidtimeoff.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：職場(chǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)迫使員工過(guò)勞工作，阻止他們帶薪休假。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Workplacenorms和deterringthemfromtakingpaidtimeoff與F段倒數(shù)第二句的workplacenorms及preventthemfromtakingit(it指paidtimeoff)相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)F段倒數(shù)第二句的同義替換。故本題選F。12、Theoverwhelmingmajorityofemployeesattributetheirstressmainlytolowpayandanexcessiveworkload.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：絕大多數(shù)員工認(rèn)為自己的壓力主要源于低工資和過(guò)度的工作負(fù)擔(dān)。題干的人物關(guān)鍵詞Theoverwhelmingmajorityofemployees，以及其他關(guān)鍵詞lowpayandanexcessiveworkload、attributetheirstressmainlyto與B段第四句的The83％ofAmericanemployees及poorcompensationandanunreasonableworkload，theftnumber-onesourcesofstress相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)B段第四句的同義替換。故本題選B。13、AccordingtoMoen,flexibilitygivesemployeesbettercontrolovertheirworkandtime.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：M知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：根據(jù)莫恩的說(shuō)法，靈活性能夠讓員工更好地協(xié)調(diào)自己的工作和生活。題干的人物關(guān)鍵詞Moen，以及其他關(guān)鍵詞flexibility、bettercontrolovertheirworkandtime與原文M段末句的Moensaid／Flexibilityandcontroliskey相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)M段最后兩句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選M。14、Flexibilityresultingfromtheuseofdigitaldevicesbenefitsemployersinsteadofemployees.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：H知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：因使用數(shù)字設(shè)備而產(chǎn)生的靈活性對(duì)雇主有利，而非員工。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Flexibilitybenefitsemployersinsteadofemployees和theuseofdigitaldevices與H段第三句的createmoreflexibilityfortheemployerratherthantheemployee及首句的thankstoourdigitaldevices相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)H段第一、三句的概括總結(jié)。故本題選H。15、Researchfindsthatifemployeessufferfromhighstress,theywillbelessmotivated,lessproductiveandmorelikelytoquit.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果員工壓力過(guò)大，他們的工作積極性就會(huì)降低，工作效率下降，更有可能離職。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Researchfindsthatifemployeessufferfromhighstress和belessproductiveandmorelikelytoquit與E段第三句的Sciencehasshownaclearcorrelationbetweenhighstresslevelsinworkers…h(huán)ighturnover相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)E段第三句的同義替換。故本題選E。16、In-officewellnessprogramsmayhelpreducestresslevels,buttheyarehardlyanultimatesolutiontotheproblem.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：K知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：辦公室內(nèi)的健身項(xiàng)目可能有助于緩解壓力，但它們難以完全解決該問(wèn)題。題干的關(guān)鍵詞In-officewellnessprograms和hardlyanultimatesolutiontotheproblem與K段第五句的yogaandmeditation及dolittletotargettherootcauses相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)K段第五句的同義替換。故本題選K。17、Healthproblemscausedbystressintheworkplaceresultinhugepublichealthexpenses.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：職場(chǎng)壓力帶來(lái)的健康問(wèn)題導(dǎo)致巨大的公共健康支出。題干的關(guān)鍵詞Healthproblemscausedbystress和resultinhugepublichealthexpenses與C段首句的Stressistakingasignificanttollonourhealththecollectivepublichealthcostmaybeenormous相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)C段首句的同義替換。故本題選C。18、Ifemployeesrespondquicklytotheirjobassignments,theemployerislikelytodemandmorefromthem.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：J知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：如果員工迅速響應(yīng)工作任務(wù)，雇主就有可能對(duì)他們提出更多的要求。題干的關(guān)鍵詞employeesrespondquickly和demandmorefromthem與J段第二句的anemployee’sincreasedresponsiveness及increasetheirdemandsontheemployee’stime對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)J段第二句的同義替換。故本題選J。19、Withtechnologyeverywhereinourlife,ithasbecomevirtuallyimpossibleformostworkerstokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：隨著科技滲透我們生活的方方面面，大多數(shù)工人保持工作和生活的平衡實(shí)際上是不可能的。題干的關(guān)鍵詞technologyeverywhereinourlife和impossibleformostworkerstokeepabalancebetweenworkandlife與D段第二句的technologyseepsintoeveryaspectofourlives及work—lifebalancehasbecomeanalmostmeaninglessterm相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)D段第二句的同義替換。故本題選D。20、InAmericatoday,eventeenagerssufferfromstress,andtheirproblemisevenmoreseriousthangrown-ups’.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：題干：在當(dāng)今的美國(guó)，即使是青少年也有壓力，他們的問(wèn)題甚至比成年人還要嚴(yán)重。題干的關(guān)鍵詞teenagerssufferfromstress和evenmoreseriousthangrown-ups與B段末句的today’steensareevenmorestressedthanadults相對(duì)應(yīng)，題干是對(duì)B段末句的同義替換。故本題選B。二、仔細(xì)閱讀(本題共10題，每題1.0分，共10分。)Closeto6,000individuals,amongthemmanyhistorians,havesignedanonlinepetitionprotestingtherecentdecisionbyadministratorsatAstonUniversityinBirmingham,U.K.,todissolvetheirdepartmentofhistory,languagesandtranslationandtorenderthefacultymembers"redundant"—thatis,toterminatetheircontractswithinthenextfewyears.Fromaperspectivebeyondtheethicsofemploymentinhighereducation,whatishappeningatAstonamplifiesalarmsthathavebeguntoringelsewhereaswell,notjustintheU.K.butalsohereintheUnitedStates.Itappears,basedonTheGuardian'sreporting,thatthedecisionatAstoncouldbepartofabroaderattackonhumanitiesteachingintheso-calledmodernuniversitiesintheU.K.thatcaterinparticulartofirst-generationcollegestudents.Similarly,inAmerica,especiallyatnoneliteuniversities,governingboardsandadministratorshavemistakenlyassumedthathistoryandotherhumanitiessubjectsdonotpreparestudentsforjobs.Statelegislatureshaveevenbeguntoconsiderproposalstotiefinancialaidtoastudent'sdeclarationofmajorsthat"leaddirectlytoemployment."Thisisnotamatterofthescience,technology,engineeringandmathematicsdisciplines(STEM)versusthehumanities.Onewouldbehard-pressedtoseewherephysicsleadsanymore"directly"toimmediateemploymentthanhistory.Instead,itisanattackontwooftheverypremisesofundergraduateeducationinademocraticsociety:accesstoopportunityandpreparationforcitizenship.Manyemployersareseekingentry-levelapplicantswhoknowhowtolearn,ratherthan,orinadditionto,specificoccupationalknowledge.Moreover,learninghowtolearn—indeed,thehungerforlifelonglearning—mightwellbemoreappropriatetoaneconomythatshiftsasrapidlyasweseetoday,nottomentiontheforeseeablefuture.WhenAstonUniversityeliminatesprogramsinhistoryandotherhumanitiesdisciplines,itisdenyingitsstudentsthebroadeducationalfoundationnecessarytoopenopportunitiesavailabletotheirpeersattheUniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge.Aston'sdefenseseemstobethatitwantstoprovidea"practical"education.History,likeotherhumanitiesdisciplines,mightnotpreparestudentsforparticularjobs.Butitpreparesthemforalifeofcareers.Studentswholearntothinkhistoricallywillbelifelonglearners.Inthe21st-centuryeconomy,thatisratherpracticalindeed.Everythinghasahistory.AsoneAstonstudentrecentlyexplained,"IfeelliketheskillsIamlearninginthisdegree,Icouldtakeanywhere.It'saboutputtingtogetherinformationandbackingupanargumentwithevidence.Theideathathistoryisn'tanemployabledegreeisjustbizarre."21、WhathavetheAdministratorsatAstonUniversityrecentlydecidedtodo?A、Toterminatesomehumanitiesdepartments.B、Toinvitemorehistorianstodeliverlectures.C、Torenewfacultymembers’contracts.D、Toredesignhistoryandlanguagescourses.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞AdministratorsatAstonUniversity和recentlyhavedecided可定位至第一段，該段指出Closeto6000individuals…terminatetheircontractswithinthenextfewyears(包括許多歷史學(xué)家在內(nèi)的近6000人簽署了一份在線請(qǐng)?jiān)笗棺h位于英國(guó)伯明翰阿斯頓大學(xué)的管理人員近期作出的一項(xiàng)決定，該決定將解散他們的歷史系、語(yǔ)言系和翻譯系，致使這些教職工變得“多余”，也就是說(shuō)，在未來(lái)幾年內(nèi)終止他們的合同)，A項(xiàng)“停辦部分人文院系”是對(duì)todissolvetheirdepartmentofhistory,languagesandtranslation的同義替換。故本題選A。B項(xiàng)“邀請(qǐng)更多歷史學(xué)家來(lái)做講座”與第一段的“許多歷史學(xué)家參與了請(qǐng)?jiān)浮北硎霾环?。C項(xiàng)“跟教職員工續(xù)簽合同”與第一段的“終止這些教職員工的合同”表述相反，屬于正反混淆。D項(xiàng)“重新設(shè)計(jì)歷史和語(yǔ)言課程”與第一段的“將解散歷史系、語(yǔ)言系和翻譯系”表述不符。22、WhatistheopinionofmanagersofsomeAmericannoneliteuniversitiesabouthumanitiessubjects?A、Theyhardlyattractfirst-generationcollegestudents.B、Theyareineffectiveinhelpingstudentsfindjobs.C、Theyfailtopromotestudents’creativethinking.D、Theyareinneedofexcessivefederalfinancialsupport.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：R知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞managers和Americannoneliteuniversities可定位至第二段第三句，該句指出Similarly,inAmerica，especiallyatnonelite…h(huán)istoryandotherhumanitiessubjectsdonotpreparestudentsforjobs(同樣，在美國(guó)，尤其是在非精英大學(xué)，管理委員會(huì)和行政人員錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為歷史和其他人文學(xué)科無(wú)法幫助學(xué)生為就業(yè)做好準(zhǔn)備)，B項(xiàng)“它們不能有效幫助學(xué)生就業(yè)”是對(duì)humanitiessubjectsdonotpreparestudentsforjobs的同義替換。故本題選B。A項(xiàng)“它們很難吸引第一代大學(xué)生”與對(duì)第二段第二句的“英國(guó)某些所謂的現(xiàn)代大學(xué)特別迎合第一代大學(xué)生的需求”表述不符。C項(xiàng)“它們不能促進(jìn)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造性思維”屬于無(wú)中生有。D項(xiàng)“它們需要額外的聯(lián)邦財(cái)政支持”與第二段第四句的“州立法機(jī)構(gòu)在考慮將經(jīng)濟(jì)資助與學(xué)生申報(bào)‘能夠直接就業(yè)’的專業(yè)相掛鉤”表述不符。23、Whatdowelearnaboutemployers’favoredapplicants?A、Theyshouldneverbehistorymajors.B、TheyareinterestedinlearningSTEM.C、Theyshouldbelifelonglearners.D、Theyarestraight-Astudents.標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞employers和favoredapplicants可定位至第三段第四句，該句指出。Manyemployersareseekingentry-levelapplicantswhoknowhowtolearn,ratherthan,orinadditionto,specificoccupationalknowledge(許多雇主正在尋找入門級(jí)的求職者，與其說(shuō)他們需要掌握特定的專業(yè)知識(shí)，還不如說(shuō)他們需要具備知道如何學(xué)習(xí)的能力)，接著第五句指出Moreover；learninghowto…theforeseeablefuture(此外，學(xué)習(xí)如何學(xué)習(xí)——