英語語言學（山東大學）智慧樹知到答案2024年山東大學（威海）

英語語言學（山東大學）山東大學（威海）智慧樹知到答案2024年第一章測試

Toputitinasimpleway,linguisticsstudies________,meaningoflinguisticunits,andtheuseandinterpretationofasentenceindifferentcontexts.

A:combinationofspeechsoundsintoameaningfulunitB:propertiesofspeechsoundsC:wordformationD:sentencestructure

答案:ABCDTohaveascientificlanguagestudy,wemustpursuebrevityinanalyzingthedataandinstatingourfindings,whichcanbesummarizedasthestandardof________.

A:consistencyB:exhaustivenessC:economyD:objectivity

答案:C

Parolereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity.

A:對B:錯

答案:BThereasonforFrenchmentousechevalandforEnglishtousehorsetorefertothesameanimalisinexplicable.

A:對B:錯

答案:AOfspeechandwriting,modernlinguisticsregardswritingastheprimarymediumofcommunication.

A:對B:錯

答案:BAccordingtoChomsky,competenceistheactualrealizationoftheperformanceinlinguisticcommunication.

A:對B:錯

答案:BWhichofthefollowingdisciplinesarerelatedtoappliedlinguistics?

A:educationB:psycholinguisticsC:geologyD:physics

答案:ABUnlikeanimalcommunicationsystems,humanlanguageis________.

A:stimulusfreeB:underimmediatestimuluscontrol

C:stimulatedbysomeoccurrenceofcommunalinterest

D:stimulusbound

答案:A________hasbeenwidelyacceptedastheforefatherofmodernlinguistics.

A:ChomskyB:JohnLyonsC:deSaussureD:Bloomfield

答案:CBysayinglanguageisarbitrary,wemeanthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningand________.

A:phonemeB:sound

C:morphemeD:word

答案:B

第二章測試

Whatkindofsoundscanwemake,whenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A:VoicedconsonantsB:GlottalstopC:VoicelessconsonantsD:Vowels

答案:ADWhichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtomannersofarticulation?

A:[v]

B:[f]

C:[w]D:[z]

答案:CWhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeconsideredasaminimalpair?

A:but-bus

B:but-bat

C:but-put

D:but-cut

答案:CThesound/z/canbedescribedwith“voiced,________,alveolar”.

A:affricate

B:labiodental

C:palatalD:fricative

答案:DInEnglish,ifthreeconsonantsclustertogetheratthebeginningofaword,thecombinationcouldbethefollowingEXCEPT________.

A:[spr]

B:[stj]

C:[spl]

D:[skw]

E:[sks]

答案:BEAphonemeinonelanguageoronedialectmaybeanallophoneinanotherlanguageordialect.

A:對B:錯

答案:AThespeechsoundswhichareincomplementarydistributionaredefinitelyallophonesofthesamephoneme.

A:錯B:對

答案:ABroadTranscriptionisintendedtosymbolizeallthepossiblespeechsounds,includingtheminuteshades.

A:錯B:對

答案:ATheinitialsoundof“peak”isaspiratedwhilethesecondsoundof“speak”isunaspirated.Theyareallophones.

A:對B:錯

答案:APhoneticsimilaritymeansthattheallophonesofaphonememustbearsomemorphologicalresemblance.

A:對B:錯

答案:B

第三章測試

Theitalicizedwordinthesentence“Theyarebetterfed,betterhoused,andbetterclothedthaneverbefore”isagoodexampleof________.

A:blending

B:conversion

C:compoundingD:derivation

答案:BWecanclassifymorphemesinto________.

A:lexicalmorphemesandgrammaticalmorphemesB:boundmorphemesandfreemorphemesC:adjectivemorphemesandnumeralmorphemesD:derivationalmorphemesandinflectionalmorphemes

答案:ABD________ofthefourwordsaregoodexamplesofcompounding.

A:blackboard

B:mouthfulC:

hotdog

D:blueprint

答案:ACDA(n)________isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmallerforms.

A:word

B:morpheme

C:allomorph

D:lexeme

答案:BThewordchildrencontains_________morphemes

A:

3B:

1C:

2D:

4

答案:CTheitalicizedwordinsentence________,theitalicizedpartDOESN'Tinvolveconversion.

A:Hissmilecouldnotverywellmaskhisanger.B:Theteachertoldthestudentstobequiet.

C:

Thebookyellowedwithage.D:Hewalkedcarefullysoasnottowethisshoes.

答案:BMostprefixescanoccurasindependentwords.

A:錯B:對

答案:ASuchcompoundsasquick-frozen,far-fetched,fresh-baked,andlong-awaitedare

createdby“a./ad.+v.-ed”.

A:對B:錯

答案:AInAmericanEnglish,compoundsareNOTusuallywrittensolidassoonastheyhavegainedsomepermanentstatus.

A:錯B:對

答案:AAcompoundcanbeformedbyplacinganylexicaliteminfrontofanother.

A:對B:錯

答案:B

第四章測試

Syntaxisthestudyofhowwordsandphrasesareproperlyformedoutofelementsofalanguage.

A:錯B:對

答案:AManysyntactictheorieshavedevelopedinresponsetogenerativesyntax.

A:對B:錯

答案:AInthecourseofitsdevelopment,generativegrammargraduallyshifteditsfocusfromlanguageitselftothenativespeaker’sknowledgeoflanguage.

A:對B:錯

答案:AInthegenerativetradition,languageisusuallyunderstoodtorefertotheallthelanguagestructuresthatnativespeakerscangenerate.

A:錯B:對

答案:AAccordingtoChomsky,I-languagereferstoasetofsentencesanativespeakercanuse.

A:對B:錯

答案:BThesub-componentwhichincludestherulesgoverningwordformationiscalled________.

A:semantics

B:phonology

C:pragmaticsD:morphology

答案:D________istosyntaxwhatphonemetophonologyandmorphemetomorphology.

A:Syntacticcategory

B:Sentence

C:MeaningD:Utterance

答案:AAmongthefollowingcategories,________arewordcategories.

A:PB:VP

C:Adj.D:NP

答案:ACInthecategoryofCP,letterCstandsfor____________.

A:capital

B:complement

C:complementizerD:curriculum

答案:CAdverbsinEnglishcanbedividedinto________.

A:smalladverbs

B:manneradverbsC:sentence-adverbsD:bigadverbs

答案:BC

第五章測試

Theapproachtosemanticstudythatismoreconcernedwiththerelationshipbetweenlinguisticexpressionsandthephenomenaintheworldtowhichtheyrefermaybecalled________.

A:CognitiveSemanticsB:LogicalSemantics

C:LinguisticSemantics

D:FormalSemantics

答案:BTheContextualistViewofmeaningisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderivemeaningfromobservablecontexts.

A:錯B:對

答案:BMeaningcanbestudiedas________.

A:concepts

B:contexts

C:behaviorD:naming

答案:ABCDPredicationanalysisistobreakdownpredicationsintotheirconstituents:________and________.

A:head

B:argument

C:predicate

D:complement

答案:BCThepredicationofthesentence“Jackishappy”issaidtoconsistofJack,the_________,andhappy,thepredicate.

A:predication

B:predicate

C:argument

D:subject

答案:CThesenserelationsbetweenwordscanbeanalyzedintermsoftruthconditions.

A:錯B:對

答案:AAsforgradableantonyms,thedenialofoneistheassertionoftheother.

A:對B:錯

答案:BApairofcomplementaryantonymsischaracterizedbythefeaturethatthedenialofonememberimpliestheassertionoftheother.

A:錯B:對

答案:BTheconceptofREFERENCEcanberegardedasaconnectionbetweenthelinguisticelementandthenon-linguisticworldofexperience.

A:對B:錯

答案:AAccordingtotheclassicsemantictrianglesuggestedbyOgdenandRichards,themeaningofawordistheconceptconnectingthewordwiththerealthingintheworld.ThisconceptiscalledReferenceorThought.

A:對B:錯

答案:A

第六章測試

Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategoryactsharethesamepurposeorthesameillocutionaryact,andtheyarethesameintheirstrengthorforce.

A:錯B:對

答案:AConversationparticipantsalmostalwaysobservetheCPandthemaximsoftheCP.

A:對B:錯

答案:BAsentenceisgrammaticalconcept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedastheabstractintrinsicpropertyofthesentenceitselfintermsofapredication

A:對B:錯

答案:AUtteranceisbasedonsentencemeaning;itistherealizationoftheabstractmeaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunicationorsimplyinacontext.

A:對B:錯

答案:AAlltheutterancethatcanbemadetoservethesamepurposemayvaryintheir________form.

A:grammatical

B:syntactic

C:semantic

D:pragmatic

答案:BTheCooperativePrincipleisproposedby________.

A:JohnSearle

B:JohnAustin

C:JohnLyons

D:PaulGrice

答案:DThemaximofquantityrequires:________.

A:Donotsaythatforwhichyoulackadequateevidence.B:Donotsaysomethingthatisnotrelevant.C:Donotmakecontributionmoreinformativethanisrequired.D:Makeyourcontributionasinformativeasrequired.

答案:CDMostoftheviolationsofthemaximsoftheCPgiveriseto________.

A:utterancemeaningB:conversationalimplicaturesC:alloftheoptionsD:speechacttheory

答案:BThesignificanceofGrice’sCPliesinthatitexplainshowitispossibleforthespeakertoconvey________isliterallysaid.

A:noneofthe

optionsB:thesameas

C:morethan

D:lessthan

答案:C

第七章測試

ThefollowingistheclippedwordsEXCEPT________.

A:cam

B:fridge

C:butch

D:info

答案:CAsaresultoftheNormanConquestof1066,vastquantitiesof________wordswereaddedtotheEnglishvocabulary.

A:Latin

B:German

C:Roman

D:French

答案:DMorphologicalandsyntacticchangesinEnglishlanguageincludingthefollowingEXCEPT________.

A:lossofinflectionsB:changeinagreementrule

C:analogicchange

D:processofsimplification

答案:CThefollowingarethemethodsfortheadditionofnewwordsEXCEPT________.

A:clipping

B:back-formation

C:blending

D:meaningshift

答案:DThemeaningofwordaccidenthasundergonetheprocessof________.

A:meaningelevation

B:wideningofmeaning

C:meaningdegradationD:narrowingofmeaning

答案:DThewordpioneerusedtorefertoafootsoldierwhoclearedthewayforanyarmybyfallingtrees,butnowitreferstoapersonwhogoesbefore,preparingthewayforothers,asascientistdoingexploratorywork.Thisprocessofchangeiscalled________.

A:narrowingofmeaning

B:meaningdegradationC:meaningelevation

D:wideningofmeaning

答案:CWhichofthefollowingwordsareformedbyclipping?

A:docudrama

B:bookkeepC:sci-fi

D:comfy

E:script

答案:DEOnlywordsofthesamepartsofspeechcanbecombinedtoformcompounds.

A:對B:錯

答案:BAlltheformerjobtitleswith-manhavebeenreplacedbythenewjobtitleswith-person.

A:對B:錯

答案:BThechangeofgrammariscausedbyeconomyofmemory.

A:對B:錯

答案:B

第八章測試

Someonewhocanspeakmanylanguagesiscalled________.

A:Bilingualist

B:Polyglot

C:Linguist

D:Genius

答案:BThesocialfactorsinsociolinguisticstudiesdoinclude________.

A:Educationalbackground

B:SocialclassC:Socialhierarchy

D:Occupation

答案:ABCDEthnicdialectsaremainlyspokenbyalessprivilegedpopulation,suchasthe________.

A:BlackEnglish

B:AmericanEnglishC:BritishEnglish

D:Queen’sEnglish

答案:ACode-switchingcanhappenin________.

A:MacaoB:BelgiumC:GermanyD:Hongkong

答案:ABCDFromdifferentperspectives,sociolinguisticsmaybeclassifiedinto________.

A:SociolinguisticsandsocialdialectsB:Macro-sociolinguisticsandmicro-sociolinguisticsC:SociolinguisticsandsociologyoflanguageD:Broadsociolinguisticsandnarrowsociolinguistics

答案:BCDGendervarietiesarisebecauselanguage,asasocialphenomenon,iscloselyrelatedtosocialattitudes.

A:錯B:對

答案:BMacro-studiesaretolookatsocietyasawholeandconsiderhowlanguagefunctionsinitandhowitreflectsthesocialdifferentiations.

A:對B:錯

答案:AForasociolinguist,code-switchingmeanstheswitchmadebyaspeakerorwriterfromonelanguageorlanguagevarietytoanother.

A:對B:錯

答案:AGreekdoesnotbelongtoIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily.

A:錯B:對

答案:AInsociolinguistics,code-switchingistheuseofmorethanonelinguisticvarietyinamannerconsistentwiththesyntaxandphonologyofeachvariety.

A:錯B:對

答案:B

第九章測試

Languageisheavilytintedwithitsculture,andculturealsoaffectsitspeople’slanguageuses.

A:錯B:對

答案:BAcculturationmeansacontinuingprocesswherebyanindividualacquiresapersonalidentityandlearnsthenorms,values,behavior,andsocialskillsappropriatetohisorhersocialposition.

A:錯B:對

答案:ATheappearanceofloanwordsisonetypicalexampleofculturaldiffusion.

A:錯B:對

答案:BLanguageandculturearecloselyrelatedtoeachother,anditisextremelydifficulttoseparatethetwo.

A:對B:錯

答案:ATheignoranceofculturaldifferenceswillnotnecessarilycreatebarriersinlearningthetargetlanguageandincommunication.

A:錯B:對

答案:ADenotativemeaningreferstothemeaningthatisn’tstatedbutimplied;theimplicationofaword,apartfromitsprimarymeaning.

A:錯B:對

答案:AAsthesayinggoes“Aman’shomeishiscastle”,westernpeopleplaceahighvalueon________.

A:complimentB:addressingC:privacyD:proverb

答案:CSuccessfulcommunicationoccurswhenthelistenercan________fromthespeaker’spointofview.

A:sensethefeelingstogivenissuesB:smellthingsC:understandthewaysofknowingtheworldD:seethings

答案:ACDIncross-culturalcommunication,________arekeypointstomutualunderstandingandcanserveasthebridgethatwillhelpustranscendculturalbarriers.

A:sensitivityB:sincerityC:nationalismD:honesty

答案:BDAlinguisticsignmaysimultaneouslyhave________meaningswhichareboundwithculturalencodingsorassociations.

A:ironicB:connotativeC:associativeD:denotative

答案:ABD

第十章測試

Thecommondenialthatbirdsareanimalsamongveryyoungchildrenisatypicalexampleofover-extension.

A:錯B:對

答案:ADyslexiareferstotheabnormaldifficultyinreadingandspellingcausedbyabrainlesion.

A:錯B:對

答案:BAccordingtothebehavioristviewoflanguageacquisition,________and________arepreliminaryorfundamental,anddiscriminationandgeneralizationarecrucialorkeytolanguagedevelopment.

A:innermechanismB:practiceC:imitationD:pre-equippedUG

答案:BCAccordingtotheinteractionistviewoflanguageacquisition,languagedevelopmentisaresultofthecomplexinteractionbetween________and________.

A:thehumancharacteristicsofthechildB:thereinforcementthechildhasreceivedC:theenvironmentinwhichthechilddevelopsD:theconceptsthechildhasformedabouttheworld

答案:ACManystudiesofchildren’sacquisitionsequencesanderrorsinvariouslanguageshaverevealedthatchildrenhavesome________formakingsenseoflanguageinformation.

A:rewardprinciplesB:operatingprinciplesC:grammarprinciplesD:reinforcementprinciples

答案:BAccordingtoChomsky,humanbeingsarenotbiologicallyprogrammedforlanguageandthelanguagedevelopsinthechildwithextremeattentionandefforts.

A:對B:錯

答案:BTheinnatistsarguethatchildrencandiscovertherulesandprinciplesunderneaththelanguagebytrialanderror.

A:對B:錯

答案:BThespeechcontainscontentwordsandlacksfunctionelementscanbecalled________.

A:caretakertalkB:childdirectedspeechC:telegraphicspeechD:motherese

答案:CAchildmaygetconfusedhearingthecolorofwhiteusedforpaperbecauseheoriginallythoughtitasthewordonlyforsnow.Thisphenomenonbelongsto________.

A:under-extensionB:over-extensionC:overgeneralizationD:analogy

答案:AWhichofthefollowingisthetermmeaningrepetitionofsounds,syllables,orphraseswherethespeakercannot“release”thewords?

A:dysgraphiaB:stutteringC:aphasiaD:autism

答案:B

第十一章測試

Interlanguageisdefinedasanabstractsystemoflearners’targetlanguagesystem.

A:錯B:對

答案:AThegoalofcontrastiveanalysisistopredictwhatareaswillbeeasytolearnandwhatareaswillbedifficulttolearn.

A:錯B:對

答案:BContrastiveanalysisinvolvesdescribingthelearners’interlanguage,thencomparingthetwoformstolocatemismatches.

A:錯B:對

答案:AItisgenerallybelievedthatpeoplelearntheirfirstlanguageconsciouslyandacquiretheirsecondlanguagenaturally.

A:錯B:對

答案:AMistakesoftenoccurwhenlearnersfailtoperformtheircompetence,suggestingfailurein________.

A:competenceB:performanceC:knowledgeD:attention

答案:B________errorsoccurwhenthelearnermisusesanitembecauseitsharesfeatureswithaniteminthenativelanguage.

A:interlingualB:transferC:developmentalD:intralingual

答案:ABAccordingtoKrashen,________and________weretwoindependentmeansorroutesofsecondlanguagelearning.

A:inputB:acquisitionC:transferD:learning

答案:BD*“Ilosedthegame.”and“Therearetensheeps.”areillustrationsof________andperformanceerrors.

A:developmentalmistakesB:transfermistakesC:overgeneralizationD:cross-association

答案:CItisgenerallyacceptedthatsuccessfullearnerstendtousemorestrategiesandusethemmoreselectivelyandflexibly.

A:對B:錯

答案:AAccordingtocontrastiveanalysis,thegreaterthedifferencesbetweenL1andL2,themorefrequentlytheerrorwilloccur.

A:對B:錯

答案:A

第十二章測試

________producefastandfluentspeechwithgoodintonationandpronunciationbutthecontentoftheirspeechrangesfrommildlyinappropriatetocompletenonsense,oftenasunintelligible.

A:Wernicke’saphasicB:ThelinguisticdeprivationC:Broca’saphasicD:Thedamageontheangulargyrus

答案:A________isthestudyoflanguageinrelationtothemind.

A:LinguisticsB:SociolinguisticsC:SemanticsD:Psycholinguistics

答案:DThebrainisdividedintotworoughlysymmetricalhalves,called________,oneontherightandoneontheleft.

A:stemsB:cortexesC:hemispheresD:cerebrums

答案:CWhichofthefollowingpartsofthebrainaccountsforthehumandistinctnessintheanimalworld?

A:brainstemB:cerebralcortexC:cerebrumD:neuron

答案:BWhichofthefollowingmethodsareusedtoexaminethebehaviorassociatedwiththebrain?

A:autopsystudiesB:dichoticlisteningC:splitbrainstudiesD:SATE:CET

答案:BCLefthemisphereisprimarilyresponsibleforlanguageandtherearespecificlanguageareaswithinthelefthemisphere.

A:對B:錯

答案:AIthasbeenprovedthattherightearshowsanadvantagefortheperceptionoflinguisticsignal.

A:錯