考研2017考研英語一真題

2017年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(一)真題

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumbered

blankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?Theanswermaybea

resounding"yes!"1helpingyoufeelcloseand2topeopleyoucareabout,

itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3ofhealthbenefitstoyourbodyandmind.

Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou4gettingsickthis

winter.

Inarecentstudy5over400healthadults,researchersfromCarnegie

MellonUniversityinPennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocial

supportandthereceiptofhugs6theparticipants1susceptibilityto

developingthecommoncoldafterbeing7tothevirus.Peoplewho

perceivedgreatersocialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8withacold,and

theresearchers9thatthestress-reducingeffectsofhugging10about32

percentofthatbeneficialeffect.11amongthosewhogotacold,theones

whofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadless

severe12.

“Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13riskfor

coldsthat'susually14withstress,0notesSheldonCohen,aprofessorof

psychologyatCarnegie.Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps15the

feelingthatothersaretheretohelp16difficulty/1

Someexperts17thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsof

huggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,oftencalled"thebondinghormone”18

itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmotherand

theirnewbornbabies.Oxytocinismadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartof

thebrain,andsomeofitisreleasedintothebloodstream.Butsomeofit19

inthebrain,whereit20mood,behaviorandphysiology.

l.[A]Unlike[B]Besides[C]Throughout[D]Despite

2.[A]equal[B]restricted[C]connected[D]inferior

3.[A]host[B]view[C]lesson[D]choice

4.[A]recall[B]forget[C]avoid[D]keep

5.[A]collecting[B]affecting[C]guiding[D]involving

6.[A]on[B]in[C]at[D]of

7.[A]devoted[B]exposed[C]lost[D]attracted

8.[A]across[B]along[C]down[D]out

9.[A]imagined[B]denied[C]doubted[D]calculated

10.[A]served[B]explained[C]restored[D]required

ll.[A]Thus[B]Still[C]Rather[D]Even

12.[A]defeats[B]symptoms[C]errors[D]tests

13.[A]highlighted[B]minimized[C]controlled[D]increased

14.[A]associated[B]equipped[C]presented[D]compared

15.[A]assess[B]moderate[C]generate[D]record

16.[A]inthefaceof[B]intheformof[C]inthewayof[D]inthenameof

17.[A]attribute[B]commit[C]transfer[D]return

18.[A]unless[B]because[C]though[D]until

19.[A]emerges[B]vanishes[C]remains[D]decreases

20.[A]experiences[B]combines[C]justifies[D]influences

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthorities

arerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastat

somemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines.

Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprocedures

inreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,which

terroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanother

tragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersor

providingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportforthe

process.Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicand

privatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration(TSA)foundina

secretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons一

bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried.

Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen,combinedwithariseinairlinetravel

duetotheimprovingChicago,sO'HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhow

muchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious.

Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteep

increaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenerson

theline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomfor

screeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingto

overpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughthe

airlinesstronglydisputethis.

ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodeling

airportsorrushingtohire:EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram.

PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA.Passengers

whopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes.

ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravellerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimefor

everyoneinvolved.TheTSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck.

Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonissticker

shock.Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheir

backgroundchecks.Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck,

sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonable

level.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinance

PreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways.

TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreCheck

laneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itis

longpasttimetomaketheprogramwork.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto

[A]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide.

[B]explainAmericans'toleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks.

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorUSairports.

[D]emphasistheimportanceofprivacyprotection.

22.Whichofthefollowingcontributionstolongwaitsatmajorairport?

[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags.

[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.

[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravelers.

[D]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks.

23.ThewordHexpedited"(Line4,Para.5)isclosestinmeaningto

[A]quieter.

[B]faster.

[C]wider.

[D]cheaper.

24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis

[A]Adramaticreductionofitsscale.

[B]Itswrongly-directedimplementation.

[C]Thegovernment,sreluctancetobackit.

[D]Anunreasonablepriceforenrollment.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

[A]GettingStuckinSecurityLines

[B]PreCheck—aBelatedSolution

[C]LessScreeningforMoreSafety

[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes

Text2

"TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers/1wroteQueenLiliuokalani,

Hawaii1slastreigningmonarch,in1897.Starwatcherswereamongthe

mostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety.Sadly,allisnotwellwith

astronomyinHawaiitoday.Protestshaveeruptedoverconstructionofthe

ThirtyMeterTelescope(TMT),agiantobservatorythatpromisesto

revolutionizehumanityzsviewofthecosmos.

AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormant

volcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectsthe

HawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeof

theworld1smostpowerfultelescopes.RestedinthePacificOcean,Mauna

Kea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet,sdenseatmosphere,where

conditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.

OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.Asmallbut

vocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentshavelongviewedtheir

presenceasdisrespectforsacredlandandapainfulreminderofthe

occupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.

Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers.In

theireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisthe

onlywayofunderstandingtheworld.Theydidnotalwaysprioritizethe

protectionofMaunaKea/sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheisland'

sinhabitants.Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast;itisalivingculture

undergoingarenaissancetoday.

Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothe

dawnofcivilization.Thesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizon

thatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomers

todaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMauna

Keaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomy

andHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,

wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhywe

explorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselves

andourtrueancestralhomes.

Theastronomycommunityismakingcompromisestochangeitsuseof

MaunaKea.TheTMTsitewaschosentominimizethetelescope'svisibility

aroundtheislandandtoavoidarchaeologicalandenvironmentalimpact.

TolimitthenumberoftelescopesonMaunaKea,oldoneswillberemoved

attheendoftheirlifetimesandtheirsitesreturnedtoanaturalstate.There

isnoreasonwhyeveryonecannotbewelcomedonMaunaKeatoembrace

theirculturalheritageandtostudythestars.

26.QueenLiliuokalani7sremarkinParagraph1indicates

[A]itsconservativeviewonthehistoricalroleofastronomy.

[B]theimportanceofastronomyinancientHawaiiansociety.

[C]theregrettabledeclineofastronomyinancienttimes.

[D]herappreciationofstarwatchers'featsinhertime.

27.MaunaKeaisdeemedasanidealastronomicalsitedueto

[A]itsgeographicalfeatures

[B]itsprotectivesurroundings.

[C]itsreligiousimplications.

[D]itsexistinginfrastructure.

28.TheconstructionoftheTMTisopposedbysomelocalspartly

because

[A]itmayriskruiningtheirintellectuallife.

[B]itremindsthemofahumiliatinghistory.

[C]theirculturewillloseachanceofrevival.

[D]theyfearlosingcontrolofMaunaKea.

29.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph5thatprogressintoday,s

astronomy

[A]isfulfillingthedreamsofancientHawaiians.

[B]helpsspreadHawaiiancultureacrosstheworld.

[C]mayuncovertheoriginofHawaiianculture.

[D]willeventuallysoftenHawaiians'hostility.

30.Theauthor,sattitudetowardchoosingMaunaKeaastheTMTsiteis

oneof

[A]severecriticism.

[B]passiveacceptance.

[C]slighthesitancy.

[D]fullapproval.

Text3

RobertF.Kennedyoncesaidthatacountry*sGDPmeasures

"everythingexceptthatwhichmakeslifeworthwhile."WithBritainvoting

toleavetheEuropeanUnion,andGDPalreadypredictedtoslowasaresult,

itisnowatimelymomenttoassesswhathewasreferringto.

ThequestionofGDPanditsusefulnesshasannoyedpolicymakersfor

overhalfacentury.Manyarguethatitisaflawedconcept.Itmeasures

thingsthatdonotmatterandmissesthingsthatdo.Bymostrecent

measures,theUK,sGDPhasbeentheenvyoftheWesternworld,with

recordlowunemploymentandhighgrowthfigures.Ifeverythingwasgoing

sowell,thenwhydidover17millionpeoplevoteforBrexit,despitethe

warningsaboutwhatitcoulddototheircountry,seconomicprospects?

Arecentannualstudyofcountriesandtheirabilitytoconvertgrowth

intowell-beingshedssomelightonthatquestion.Acrossthe163countries

measured,theUKisoneofthepoorestperformersinensuringthat

economicgrowthistranslatedintomeaningfulimprovementsforitscitizens.

RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafrom

health,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtoget

amoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.

Whileallofthesecountriesfacetheirownchallenges,therearea

numberofconsistentthemes.Yes,therehasbeenabuddingeconomic

recoverysincethe2008globalcrash,butinkeyindicatorsinareassuchas

healthandeducation,majoreconomieshavecontinuedtodecline.Yetthis

isn'tthecasewithallcountries.SomerelativelypoorEuropeancountries

haveseenhugeimprovementsacrossmeasuresincludingcivilsociety,

incomeequalityandtheenvironment.

Thisisalessonthatrichcountriescanlearn:WhenGDPisnolonger

regardedasthesolemeasureofacountry,ssuccess,theworldlooksvery

different.

So,whatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthe

mostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asa

measure,itisnolongerenough.Itdoesnotincludeimportantfactorssuch

asenvironmentalqualityoreducationoutcomes-allthingsthat

contributetoaperson'ssenseofwell-being.

ThesharphittogrowthpredictedaroundtheworldandintheUKcould

leadtoadeclineintheeverydayserviceswedependonforourwell-being

andforgrowth.Butpolicymakerswhorefocuseffortsonimproving

well-beingratherthansimplyworryingaboutGDPfigurescouldavoidthe

forecasteddoomandmayevenseeprogress.

31.RobertF.Kennedyiscitedbecausehe

[A]praisedtheUKforitsGDP.

[B]identifiedGDPwithhappiness.

[C]misinterpretedtheroleofGDP.

[D]hadalowopinionofGDP.

32.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph2that

[A]theUKisreluctanttoremolditseconomicpattern.

[B]GDPasthemeasureofsuccessiswidelydefiedintheUK.

[C]theUKwillcontributelesstotheworldeconomy.

[D]policymakersintheUKarepayinglessattentiontoGDP.

33.Whichofthefollowingistrueabouttherecentannualstudy?

[A]Itissponsoredby163countries.

[B]ItexcludesGDPasanindicator.

[C]Itscriteriaarequestionable.

[D]Itsresultsareenlightening.

34.1nthelasttwoparagraphs,theauthorsuggeststhat

[A]theUKispreparingforaneconomicboom.

[B]highGDPforeshadowsaneconomicdecline.

[C]itisessentialtoconsiderfactorsbeyondGDP.

[D]itrequirescautiontohandleeconomicissues.

35.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

[A]HighGDPButInadequateWell-being,aUKLesson

[B]GDPFigures,aWindowonGlobalEconomicHealth

[C]RebortF.Kennedy,aTerminatorofGDP

[D]Brexit,theUK'sGatewaytoWell-being

Text4

Inarareunanimousruling,theUSSupremeCourthasoverturnedthe

corruptionconvictionofaformerVirginiagovernor,RobertMcDonnell.But

itdidsowhileholdingitsnoseattheethicsofhisconduct,whichincluded

acceptinggiftssuchasaRolexwatchandaFerrariautomobilefroma

companyseekingaccesstogovernment.

ThehighcourtzsdecisionsaidthejudgeinMr.McDonnellstrialfailed

totellajurythatitmustlookonlyathis"officialacts,"ortheformer

governor*sdecisionson“specific"and"unsettled"issuesrelatedtohis

duties.

Merelyhelpingagift-givergainaccesstootherofficials,unlessdone

withclearintenttopressurethoseofficials,isnotcorruption,thejustices

found.

Thecourtdidsuggestthatacceptingfavorsinreturnforopeningdoors

is"distasteful"and"nasty."Butunderanti-briberylaws,proofmustbe

madeofconcretebenefits,suchasapprovalofacontractorregulation.

Simplyarrangingameeting,makingaphonecall,orhostinganeventisnot

an"officialact".

Thecourt1srulingislegallysoundindefiningakindoffavoritismthatis

notcriminal.日ectedleadersmustbeallowedtohelpsupportersdealwith

bureaucraticproblemswithoutfearofprosecutionforbribery/1Thebasic

compactunderlyingrepresentativegovernment,z,wroteChiefJusticeJohn

Robertsforthecourt/7assumesthatpublicofficialswillhearfromtheir

constituentsandactontheirconcerns.”

Buttherulingreinforcestheneedforcitizensandtheirelected

representatives,notthecourts,toensureequalityofaccesstogovernment.

Officialsmustnotbeallowedtoplayfavoritesinprovidinginformationorin

arrangingmeetingssimplybecauseanindividualorgroupprovidesa

campaigndonationorapersonalgift.Thistypeofintegrityrequires

well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparency,suchasrecordsofofficial

meetings,rulesonlobbying,andinformationabouteachelectedleader1s

sourceofwealth.

Favoritisminofficialaccesscanfanpublicperceptionsofcorruption.

Butitisnotalwayscorruption.Ratherofficialsmustavoiddoublestandards,

ordifferenttypesofaccessforaveragepeopleandthewealthy.If

connectionscanbebought,abasicpremiseofdemocraticsociety—thatall

areequalintreatmentbygovernment—isundermined.Goodgovernance

restsonanunderstandingoftheinherentworthofeachindividual.

Thecourtzsrulingisastepforwardinthestruggleagainstboth

corruptionandofficialfavoritism.

36.Theunderlinedsentence(Para.l)mostprobablyshowsthatthe

court

[A]avoideddefiningtheextentofMcDonnelTsduties.

[B]madenocompromiseinconvictingMcDonnell.

[C]wascontemptuousofMcDonnelTsconduct.

[D]refusedtocommentonMcDonnelTsethics.

37.AccordingtoParagraph4,anofficialactisdeemedcorruptiveonlyif

itinvolves

[A]leakingsecretsintentionally.

[B]sizablegainsintheformofgifts.

[C]concretereturnsforgift-givers.

[D]breakingcontractsofficially.

38.Thecourtsrulingisbasedontheassumptionthatpublicofficials

are

[A]justifiedinaddressingtheneedsoftheirconstituents.

[B]qualifiedtodealindependentlywithbureaucraticissues.

[C]allowedtofocusontheconcernsoftheirsupporters.

[D]exemptfromconvictiononthechargeoffavoritism.

39.Well-enforcedlawsingovernmenttransparencyareneededto

[A]awakentheconscienceofofficials.

[B]guaranteefairplayinofficialaccess.

[C]allowforcertainkindsoflobbying.

[D]inspirehopesinaveragepeople.

40.Theauthor'sattitudetowardthecourt'srulingis

[A]sarcastic.

[B]tolerant.

[C]skeptical.

[D]supportive

PartB

Directions:

Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions

41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherent

articlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gtofillingthemintothenumberedbox.

ParagraphsBandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.Markyouranswerson

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Thefirstpublishedsketch,"ADinneratPoplarWalk"broughttears

toDickens*seyeswhenhediscovereditinthepagesofTheMonthly

Magazine.Fromthenonhissketches,whichappearedunderthepenname

"Boz"inTheEveningChronicle,earnedhimamodestreputation.

[B]TherunawaysuccessofThePickwickPapers,asitisgenerallyknown

today,securedDickens'sfame.TherewerePickwickcoatsandPickwick

cigars,andtheplump,spectacledhero,SamuelPickwick,becameanational

figure.

[C]SoonafterSketchesbyBozappeared,apublishingfirmapproached

Dickenstowriteastoryinmonthlyinstallments,asabackdropforaseries

ofwoodcutsbythethen-famousartistRobertSeymour,whohadoriginated

theideaforthestory.Withcharacteristicconfidence,Dickenssuccessfully

insistedthatSeymour*spicturesillustratehisownstoryinstead.Afterthe

firstinstallment,Dickenswrotetotheartistandaskedhimtocorrecta

drawingDickensfeltwasnotfaithfulenoughtohisprose.Seymourmade

thechange,wentintohisbackyard,andexpressedhisdispleasureby

committingsuicide.Dickensandhispublisherssimplypressedonwitha

newartist.Thecomicnovel,ThePosthumousPapersofthePickwickClub,

appearedseriallyin1836and1837,andwasfirstpublishedinbookformin

1837.

[D]CharlesDickensisprobablythebest-knownand,tomanypeople,

thegreatestEnglishnovelistofthe19thcentury.Amoralist,satirist,and

socialreformer.Dickenscraftedcomplexplotsandstrikingcharactersthat

capturethepanoramaofEnglishsociety.

[E]Soonafterhisfather'sreleasefromprison,Dickensgotabetterjob

aserrandboyinlawoffices.Hetaughthimselfshorthandtogetaneven

betterjoblaterasacourtstenographerandasareporterinParliament.At

thesametime,Dickens,whohadareporter*seyefortranscribingthelife

aroundhimespeciallyanythingcomicorodd,submittedshortsketchesto

obscuremagazines.

[F]DickenswasborninPortsmouth,onEngland1ssoutherncoast.His

fatherwasaclerkintheBritishnavypayoffice-arespectableposition,but

withlittlesocialstatus.Hispaternalgrandparents,astewardanda

housekeeperpossessedevenlessstatus,havingbeenservants,andDickens

laterconcealedtheirbackground.Dickens'smothersupposedlycamefrom

amorerespectablefamily.YettwoyearsbeforeDickens'sbirth,hismother7

sfatherwascaughtstealingandfledtoEurope,nevertoreturn.Thefamily'

sincreasingpovertyforcedDickensoutofschoolatage12toworkin

Warren1sBlackingWarehouse,ashoe-polishfactory,wheretheother

workingboysmockedhimas"theyounggentleman.Hisfatherwasthen

imprisonedfordebt.Thehumiliationsofhisfather,simprisonmentandhis

laborintheblackingfactoryformedDickens'sgreatestwoundandbecame

hisdeepestsecret.Hecouldnotconfidethemeventohiswife,although

theyprovidetheunacknowledgedfoundationofhisfiction.

[G]AfterPickwick,Dickensplungedintoableakerworld.InOliverTwist,

hetracesanorphan1sprogressfromtheworkhousetothecriminalslumsof

London.NicholasNickleby,hisnextnovel,combinesthedarknessofOliver

TwistwiththesunlightofPickwick.Thepopularityofthesenovels

consolidatedDickens'asanationallyandinternationallycelebratedmanof

letters.

D-41.一42.一43.一44.一B-45.

PartC

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlined

segmentsintoChinese.Yourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

ThegrowthoftheuseofEnglishastheworld,sprimarylanguagefor

internationalcommunicationhasobviouslybeencontinuingforseveral

decades.(46)ButevenasthenumberofEnglishspeakersexpandsfurther

therearesignsthattheglobalpredominanceofthelanguagemayfade

withintheforeseeablefuture.

Complexinternational,economic,technologicalandculturechange

couldstarttodiminishtheleadingpositionofEnglishasthelanguageofthe

worldmarket,andUKinterestswhichenjoyadvantagefromthebreathof

Englishusagewouldconsequentlyfacenewpressures.Thoserealistic

possibilitiesarehighlightedinthestudypresentedbyDavidGraddoL

(47)Hisanalysisshouldthereforeendanyself-contentednessamongthose

whomaybelievethattheglobalpositionofEnglishissostablethatthe

younggenerationoftheUnitedKingdomdonotneedadditionallanguage

capabilities.

DavidGraddolconcludesthatmonoglot