英語復(fù)習(xí)教案：UnitHumnBiology

學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精學(xué)必求其心得，業(yè)必貴于專精[話題素材］好詞1．low。carbonadj.低碳的2．severelyadv。嚴(yán)重地3．healthyadj.健康的4．balancedadj.均衡的5．keepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離6．take_it_easy別著急；慢慢來；不要慌7．a(chǎn)majorityof大多數(shù)8．saveenergy節(jié)約能源9．a(chǎn)s_follows如下10．innotime立刻11．onconditionthat條件是12．protect.。.against保護(hù)……免受……13．runout用完佳句1．Nothingismorepreciousthanyoukeepfit。再也沒有什么比你保持健康更珍貴了。2．No_matter_howoftentheyturnup，theirwelcomeneverwearsout.不管他們多久露面一次，都永遠(yuǎn)那么受歡迎.3．According_tomypersonalexperience,neitheryounorIamunlikelytopersuadehimtodealwiththematterimmediately。根據(jù)我的個人經(jīng)驗，你和我都不可能說服他馬上處理這件事。[精美語篇］Itissaidthatsportsisanimportantformoflife.Sportscanhelpeveryonekeephealthy，enrichourlifeandmaintainourpsychologicalhealth,andhelpusrelaxafteraperiodofexhaustingwork。Apersonwhooftentakesexerciseisalwaysfullofenergy.Sportscanalsomakepeoplelookyoungerthantheyreallyare。What'smore，itproduceschancestotrainourintelligence。Becausewethinkactivelywhenwedoexercise。Myparticipationinsportstellsmethatsportscanmakeushealthybothphysicallyandpsychologically。Itisalsoagoodwayforpeopletoknoweachotherandcanpromotefriendshipbetweenpeople。Solongaswearecarefulenough，sportscandousnothingbutgood。Personally,Ilovesports.Ienjoyparticipatinginsports.IfeelthatInotonlygainawell-balancedlifethroughsports,butalsogetmorechancestomoveclosertonature.Sportshavereallyaddedhappinesstomydailylife。高頻單詞1．tolerate(vt。)容忍→tolerant（adj.）容忍的；寬容的→tolerance(n。）容忍；忍受2．fundamental(adj.)根本的，基礎(chǔ)的3．seek(vt。）尋找→seeker（n。）尋找者；追求者4．oppose（vt。）反對→opposition（n.）反方；對立面→opposite（adj。）相反的；對面的→opposed（adj。）反對的5．violate(vt。)違反；違背→violent(adj.）猛烈的→violence（n。）暴力6．postpone（vt。）推遲，延期7．prohibit（vt.）禁止→prohibition（n。)禁止8．faith(n.）信心→faithful(adj.)忠誠的；忠實的→faithfully(adv。)忠誠地9．rob(vt。)使喪失；搶劫→robber（n。)強(qiáng)盜→robbery(n.)盜竊10．decline(vi.）下降（n。)減少；下降；衰減11．minimum（n。)最低,最小→maximum(n。)最高,最大12．equip（vt。)使有準(zhǔn)備→equipment（n.）設(shè)備；裝備13．fortune（n。)大筆錢財,巨款；運氣→fortunate(adj。）幸運的→fortunately(adv。)幸運地14．enquiry(n。）詢問→enquire（vt。）詢問；調(diào)查15．submit（vt。）提交→submission（n。)提交16．extension(n.)延期→extend（v。）延長17．concern（n.)擔(dān)心;擔(dān)憂→concerned（adj。)關(guān)心的;擔(dān)憂的→concerning(prep。）關(guān)于；有關(guān)18．circumstance（n。）情形；情況重點短語1．a(chǎn)t_all_costs不管多大代價；無論如何2．straight_away立刻;馬上3．in_vain徒然；白費力氣4．a(chǎn)t_random隨便地;隨意地5．wipe_out徹底消失6．stop_sth。_in_its_tracks終止;消滅7．a(chǎn)t_any_rate無論如何；至少8．bringup教育;養(yǎng)育；嘔吐;引述9．gothrough經(jīng)歷；通過10．putoff推遲11．getdownto開始做12．getthrough通過(考試等)；完成13．focuson聚集；集中；對準(zhǔn)14．forgood（andall）長期地；永遠(yuǎn)地15．missout遺漏；遺忘；錯過機(jī)會熱點句型1．if引導(dǎo)狀語從句用過去完成時,表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)Manycontemporaryamateurathleteswould_have_broken_world_records_if_they_had_taken_part_inthefirstOlympicGames。（教材P34)許多當(dāng)代的業(yè)余運動員如果參加了首屆奧運會，他們會打破很多項世界紀(jì)錄的。2．ratherthan是一個并列連詞,表示“而不是”TheOlympicspirit－thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartrather_thanwinning－h(huán)asbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.（教材P34）人們不惜任何代價想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。3．Itis＋adj.＋todosth.句式Unfortunately，it_is_not_easytocatchathletesusingillegaldrugs.(教材P34）不幸的是，要檢查出運動員服用違禁藥物是不容易的。4．havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu)Inthefuture,athleteswhohave_their_genes_changedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.(教材P34)將來，改變基因的運動員有可能創(chuàng)下8秒跑完100米的紀(jì)錄或不到兩小時跑完馬拉松的記錄。5．sb。/sth。bebelievedto。..為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“某人或某物被認(rèn)為是……”Havingkilledupto50millionpeoplein18months，withatendencytostriketheyoungandfitratherthantheold，the_Spanish_Flu_is_believed_to_have_beenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory。（教材P38）西班牙流感在18個月內(nèi)使多達(dá)5千萬人喪命，并且發(fā)病的傾向為:年輕力壯的而不是老年人容易發(fā)病，它被認(rèn)為是歷史上最嚴(yán)重的流行性傳染病。教材復(fù)現(xiàn)在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1．________(take）thesedrugsisknownas“doping"andalthoughtheyenhanceperformance,theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthose________abusethem。答案:Taking；who2．BenJohnson________stillbethe100metresworldrecordholderifhehadn'tbeencaught________(take)drugsinthe1988Olympics。答案：would;taking3．Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics,itispartofeverysportswhereathletesseek________achievebeyondtheir________(nature）limitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.答案：to;natural4．Unfortunately,itisnoteasytocatchathletes________(use)illegaldrugs。答案:using5．TheOlympicspirit－thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthan________（win)－h(huán)asbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts。答案:winning6．SinceBirdFlufirstappearedin1997,ithas________（take）morethanahundredlives.答案：taken7．________isimportanttolookatthespreadofdiseasesthroughouthistorytodiscoverthecausesandeffectsofepidemics。答案:It8．InurbanareasalloverEurope,Asia，AfricaandtheMiddleEast,up________onehalfofthepopulationwaslosttotheBlackDeath.答案：to9．Herhusband________(disagree）andsaidthatTerriwouldnothavewantedtoliveoninthisstate.答案：disagreed10．IagreewiththedecisionofthecourtsandmedicalinstitutionsintheUnitedStates,________inthecaseoflong。termcomastates，。..答案：that1eq\a\vs4\al(abusevt。＆n。濫用；虐待;辱罵）Theyalsocauseserioushealthproblemsinlaterlifeforthosewhoabusethem。（P34)對濫用興奮劑的人來說，興奮劑也會給他們以后的生活帶來嚴(yán)重的健康問題。（1)abusesb。辱罵某人，虐待某人abusedrugs/alcohol吸毒/酗酒abuseone’sposition/power濫用職權(quán)/權(quán)力(2)drugabuse濫用毒品alcoholabuse酗酒abuseofpower濫用職權(quán)①［2013·江西高考]Itwillhitbackatyouifyouabuseit。如果你虐待它，它將回?fù)裟?②［朗文詞典］Heabused_his_positionasmayorbygivingjobstohisrelatives。他濫用市長職權(quán),任用親屬。③[朗文詞典]Shehadbeenabusing_drugssinceshewastwelve。她從十二歲起就吸毒。④［朗文詞典]Peoplewereshoutingabuseatthesoldiers.人們高聲辱罵那些士兵.2eq\a\vs4\al（toleratevt。忍受，容忍)Thesportsworlddoesnottoleratedopingasitisafundamentalformofcheating.(P34）由于它是影響巨大的欺騙形式，所以體育界是不會容忍運動員服用興奮劑的。（1）tolerate(sb.)doingsth。容忍/容許做某事(2)tolerantadj。容忍的;寬容的betolerantof/towards對……容忍；寬容(3）tolerableadj.可容忍的;可忍受的(4)tolerancen。容忍have(no)toleranceof/for。..對……（毫不容忍)一言串記Weareinfavoroftolerance,_butitisverydifficulttotoleratetheintolerantandimpossibletotoleratetheintolerablethings。我們贊成容忍,但是很難容忍不容異己的人，也不可能容忍無法容忍的事情.①[2014·廣東高考]Ican’ttolerateanymoreexcuse.我不能再忍受任何借口了。②[牛津詞典]Iwon'ttolerate_your_behavinginthisway.我不能容忍你這樣做。③[牛津詞典]Theheatwastolerableatnightbutsuffocatingduringtheday。這種炎熱的天氣在夜間尚能忍受，但白天就令人感到呼吸困難.④[牛津詞典］Herownmistakesmadeherverytolerate_of/towards(thefaultsof)others.她因自己有錯誤,對別人（的錯誤）就根本不計較了。⑤[朗文詞典]Hehadlittletolerance_for/ofmistakes.他幾乎不能容忍錯誤。3seeksought,soughtvt。尋找；尋求;謀求;征求意見，建議；請求幫助，援助vi。試圖;企業(yè)；尋找Dopingisnotonlyaprobleminathletics，itispartofeverysportwhereathletesseektoachievebeyondtheirnaturallimitsandarepreparedtocheattodoso.（P34)服用興奮劑不僅僅是田徑運動存在的問題,每個運動項目都存在這個問題，運動員為尋求取得超常體育成績而準(zhǔn)備這樣欺騙。eq\a\vs4\al（1seekafter/forsth。找到/得到某事物,2seekone'sfortune尋找成功致富的機(jī)會,3seekout找出；找到,4seektodosth。試圖做……）①［2014·天津高考]Thebookinspiresconfidenceinstudentswhowishtoseektheirownanswers。這本書使那些想尋求自己的答案的學(xué)生產(chǎn)生自信心。②［牛津詞典]Wesoughtherouttotellherofhersuccess。我們找到她，告訴她她成功了。③Scientistshavebeenseeking_to_understandthemysteryofthe“sixthsense"ofdirection.科學(xué)家一直在試圖解開方向的第六感官之謎。④Theysought_foraplacetoshelterfromtherain,butinvain.他們尋找避雨的地方,但沒能找到.4eq\a\vs4\al（opposevt.&vi.反對；反抗）Gene。therapyisverycontroversialandmanypeopleopposefurtherresearchintoit.（P34）基因治療是很有爭議的,許多人反對進(jìn)一步研究。(1）oppose（sb.)doingsth。反對（某人)做某事opposesth.to/againststh.使某事物與另一事物對照或?qū)?2)opposedadj。相反的;對立的beopposedto＝opposeoneselfto＝objectto＝beagainst反對；與……對立asopposedto與……對照;與……對比；而非(3)oppositeadj.相對的；對面的n。對立的人(物)；對立面adv.對面①［牛津詞典］Heopposedtheproposaltobuildanewhall。他反對修建新禮堂的建議。②［2014·四川高考］Thisis_opposed_tothe“earlybird”schedule，andisakindofdisorderwheretheindividualtendstostayupmuchpastmidnight.這是一種與“早起鳥”型相反的類型的人，是一種生活失序經(jīng)常熬夜到午夜的人。③［朗文詞典］Theteachingisgearedtopracticalproblems，as_opposed_totheory.該教學(xué)旨在解決實際問題,而不是教授理論.④［牛津詞典］Donotopposeyourwillagainstmine.不要用你的意愿和我的抗衡。5eq\a\vs4\al（postponevt。推遲；延期)Idecidednottopostponestudyingandgotupearlyeverymorningtogetdowntoworkstraightaway。（P37)我決定不推遲學(xué)習(xí),并每天早上早起直接準(zhǔn)備去工作。postponedoingsth.＝delaydoingsth。＝putoffdoingsth.延緩做某事，推遲做某事postponesth.until/till/to把某事推遲到……①［2013·廣東高考］IthasbeendecidedthemeetingshouldbepostponeduntilnextSaturday.已經(jīng)決定，會議延期到下星期六舉行。②［牛津詞典］Let’spostpone_makingadecisionuntilwehavemoreinformation.咱們在獲取更多情報之后再做決定不遲。③［牛津詞典]Thematchwaspostponed_tothefollowingSaturdaybecauseofbadweather。比賽因天氣不好而延期到下周六進(jìn)行。6eq\a\vs4\al(prohibitvt.禁止；阻止)SincetheSARSepidemicended，scientistshavebeendoingtrialsontreatmentstoprohibitanyfutureoutbreaks.(P38）自從SARS流行病結(jié)束以來，科學(xué)家們一直在對治療進(jìn)行反復(fù)試驗以阻止任何未來疫情的突然爆發(fā)。（1）prohibitdoingsth.禁止/阻止做某事prohibitsb.fromdoingsth.＝prohibitone'sdoingsth。＝prevent/stop/keepsb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事（2)prohibitionn．禁止;禁令①［2014·課標(biāo)全國卷Ⅰ]In1897,thestateofMichiganpassedalawprohibitingthekillingofpassengerpigeons。在1897年，美國密歇根州通過一項法律,禁止獵殺旅鴿。②Smokingisprohibited。禁止吸煙。③[牛津詞典］Thelawprohibitstobacconistsfrom_sellingcigarettestochildren.法律禁止煙販向兒童出售香煙。④[朗文詞典］Storesareprohibited_from_sellingalcoholtopeopleunder21.禁止商店向21歲以下人群售酒。7eq\a\vs4\al（robvt.使喪失；搶奪；搶劫；打劫；剝奪)Terrihadfallenintoacomain1990whenaheartattackrobbedherbrainofoxygencausingpermanentharm.（P40)1990年，特里心臟病發(fā)作，由于大腦缺氧造成了永久性傷害,陷入昏迷狀態(tài)。（1)robsb。ofsth.搶劫或剝奪某人某物；使某人喪失某物（2）robberyn.盜竊，搶劫robbern。強(qiáng)盜，搶劫犯（3）stealsth.fromsb./sp。從某人/某地竊取某物①[2015·重慶高考]IjustheardthebankwhereDoraworkswas_robbedbyagunmanwearingamask。我剛剛聽說一個戴面具的持槍歹徒搶劫了多拉工作的那家銀行.②[朗文詞典]Ahamstringinjuryrobbedhimofhisspeed。腿筋受傷使得他發(fā)揮不出以前的速度了。③［牛津詞典］Iwasrobbed_ofmycashandcheque。book。我的現(xiàn)金和支票薄被搶了。④[2014·湖北高考］Thepolicewillrewardwhoeverprovidesusefulinformationtocatchtherobber。任何人提供有用信息幫助抓住劫匪，警方將予以獎勵。⑤［朗文詞典]Mosthomerobberiesaredrug-related.多數(shù)的入室搶劫案都與吸毒有關(guān)。易混辨析rob用來談?wù)摫粨尳俚娜嘶虻胤?，尤其是銀行“rob＋被搶的人/地”，短語為robsb。of..。譯作:“搶劫某人/某地的事物”steal用來談?wù)摫煌当I的物品，短語為stealsth。from/sb./sp.［一言辨異］Athiefstolemymoneyfromthedeskdrawer;andwhat’sworse,Iwasrobbedofthemoneyonthewaybackhomefromthebank。小偷從我的桌子抽屜里偷走了我的錢,更糟糕的是，我在從銀行回家的路上被搶劫了。圖解助記⑥用steal/rob的適當(dāng)形式填空a．［朗文詞典］Twolocalmenwerearrestedfor________acar。b．Theoldladycametothepolicestationandclaimedtobe________ofherpursewhenshewasshopping。c．Thepassingyears________fromusonethingafteranother.d．Theyknockedhimdownand________himofhisbriefcase。答案：a。stealing B．robbedC．steal D．robbed8declinevt.拒絕；謝絕vi。下降；變少；衰減，拒絕n.減少；下降；衰減.。.itisgenerallyagreedthatapatient’schancesofrecoverydecline..。(P40)……通常認(rèn)為病人康復(fù)的可能性下降了……(1)declineto_dosth.婉拒做某事（2)adeclinein/ofsth.在某方面減少/下降indecline/onthedecline在消減；在衰退fall/go_into（a）decline失去力量、影響等①［2014·山東高考］ShedeclinedandinsteadwenttoworkforSedgewick。她拒絕了，相反她去為Sedgewick工作了。②［2014·山東高考］Acompanywhoseprofitsfromhomemarketsare_decliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad.在國內(nèi)市場利潤下降的公司可能會尋求到國外發(fā)展的機(jī)會。③Inspiteofmanyinvitations，hewouldalwaysdecline_tovisitOxford。盡管多次受到邀請,他還是拒絕去牛津.④［朗文詞典]Duringthelasttenyears,theconstructionindustryhasbeenin_decline.過去十年里,建筑業(yè)一直在走下坡路.9eq\a\vs4\al（equipvt.＆vi。裝備；配備；使有準(zhǔn)備）There'snodoubtthatthiswillequipustocureallsortsofillnesses，fromheartdiseasetocancer。（P41)毫無疑問它將裝備我們以治愈從心臟病到癌癥的各種疾病。（1)equipsb。/sth。withsth。用某物裝備某人/某物beequipped_withsth.裝備有某物equipsb。/sth.for（doing）sth。為（做）某事而準(zhǔn)備(2）equipmentn.設(shè)備,設(shè)施①［朗文詞典]Thenewschoolwillbe_equipped_withthelatestcomputers.新學(xué)校將裝備最新的計算機(jī)。②[牛津詞典]Pleaseequipyourselfwithasharppencilandarubberfortheexam。請準(zhǔn)備一支尖的鉛筆和一塊橡皮參加考試。③［牛津詞典］Theyequippedthemselvesfortheexpedition.他們?yōu)檫h(yuǎn)征治裝。④［2014·廣東高考］Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh.techequipment。大部分人進(jìn)行研究是通過衛(wèi)星和其它高科技設(shè)備。10eq\a\vs4\al(submitvt.遞交；提交；順從；屈服;認(rèn)輸）Youweresupposedtosubmititonthe14thJune。（P41）你本應(yīng)該在6月14日提交它(文章）。（1)submitsth.to把……提交給……,向……提出……submitsb./oneselfto使某人/自己甘受/服從submitto服從于，屈從于（2)submissionn。服從;順從；提交一言串記Hesubmittedtotheheadmaster’sorderfinallythatallteachersshouldsubmitthatreporttotheheadmaster。他最終服從了校長的命令——所有的老師都應(yīng)將那份報告呈交給校長。－特別提示－在submitsth。to短語中,submit是及物動詞，意為“呈交”；而在submitto短語中，submit是不及物動詞，意為“服從”。①[牛津詞典]Irefusetosubmit.我絕不屈服.②[2013·北京高考］Youarefreetosubmitthearticle.你可以自由地提交文章.③［朗文詞典］Isubmittedtheplantothecommitteeyesterday。昨天我把計劃書提交給委員會了。④［朗文詞典］Theyrefusedtosubmit_tothekidnapper’sdemands。他們拒絕服從綁匪的要求。過關(guān)演練在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式1．[2015·江蘇高考］Itsometimesrequiresthereader________(tolerate)unpleasantnessorannoyance.答案：totoleraterequiresb.todo“要求某人做……"。2．[2013·福建高考］Theeventwasheldforyoungpeoplefromaroundtheworld,________(seek）theirviewsonhowthefutureofyouthandeducationshouldlook。答案：toseek不定式作目的狀語。3．Allthememberspresent________（oppose）theplanbitterly。答案：opposed此句謂語為過去時。4．Itwasanunpopulardecisiontopostpone________(build)thenewschool。答案：buildingpostponedoingsth?！巴七t做某事".5．[2015·天津高考］Pleasenotethatany________（prohibit)itemswillbetakenawaybytheOfficeofResidenceLife。答案：prohibited過去分詞作items的定語表示被動.6．Theyoungmanrobbedher________herbag.答案:ofrobsb.ofsth?！皳尳倌橙四澄铩?7．[2015·天津高考]Althoughherdescriptionsoundedwonderful,thepricewasbeyondourrange，sowe________(decline）．答案：declined由前句中sounded及was可知此句為一般過去時。8．[朗文詞典］Theprogramequipsyoungsters________technicalskills。答案：withequipsb。withsth。“用某物裝備某人”。9．Hesubmittedhimself________asearchbytheguards。答案：tosubmitsb.to。。.“使……甘受/服從……”.1eq\a\vs4\al（invain徒然;無用的；無結(jié)果的；無效果的)FloydLandismadeseverallameexcusesblamingmedicinehehadbeentakingforaninjurybutthesewereallinvain.（P34）弗洛伊德·蘭蒂斯做了幾次站不住腳的辯解,責(zé)怪他因傷服用的藥物，但是這些都是徒勞的。eq\a\vs4\al（1vainattempt/hope/effort徒勞的嘗試/希望/努力,2Itisvaintodosth.做某事是無益的)①Ihavetriedveryhardtofindasolutiontotheproblem,butin_vain。我曾苦苦的探求解決問題的辦法,但都是徒勞。②[朗文詞典]Allourworkwasin_vain.我們的工作全白干了。③Thepolicetriedin_vaintobreakuptheprotestcrowds。警察企圖驅(qū)散抗議的人群，但是沒有成功.2eq\a\vs4\al（atallcosts＝atanycost不管多大代價，無論如何）TheOlympicspirithasbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts。(P34）奧運精神已經(jīng)被不惜一切代價獲得成功的欲望所玷污了。（1）atthecostof犧牲；以……為代價/犧牲atacostof以……的價格atanycost＝atallcosts以任何代價atcost按成本價(2）toone'scost付了代價;吃了苦頭(3)costsb.sth.花費某人……；使某人付出/喪失……①Thebridgemustberepairedwithinthreedaysat_all_costs。要不惜一切代價在3天內(nèi)把橋修好。②[牛津詞典］Wemustat_all_costspreventthemfromfindingoutabouttheplan。我們無論如何不能讓他們探知這個計劃。③[朗文詞典]Weneedtogetthatcontract,at_any_cost/at_all_costs.我們必須得到那份合同,不惜任何代價.④[朗文詞典］Thesoftwareisavailableat_a_cost_of$30.這個軟件可以花30美元買到。⑤[牛津詞典]Shesavedhimfromdrowningbutonlyat_the_cost_ofherownlife.他遇溺時她把他救了，但卻犧牲了她自己的生命。3wipeout徹底毀滅；全部摧毀;除去或取消某事物;擦試盆、碗等的內(nèi)部Epidemicscanwipeoutuptohalfofthepopulationinurbanareas.(P38)流行病可以消滅居住在城市的多達(dá)一半的人口。eq\a\vs4\al(wipeaway擦掉，清除掉，wipesth。off/fromsth。從……上擦去某物；勾銷債務(wù)等，wipeup擦干凈）①［2013·江西高考］Wearealwaysreadytowipe_outanyenemywhodarestoattack.我們時刻準(zhǔn)備消滅一切膽敢來犯之?dāng)?。②［北師大⑧?2］Avolcaniceruptionnearlywiped_outthesmallislandofMontserratin1997。1997年的一次火山噴發(fā)差點把蒙塞拉特這一小島給毀滅了。③Don’twipethescalesoffthefish。不要把魚鱗剔除。4eq\a\vs4\al（atanyrate無論如何；不管怎樣)Iftrendscontinuethewaythey’regoing，theninmyopinion,yes－indevelopedcountriesatanyrate.(P41）如果這種趨勢繼續(xù)以它們現(xiàn)在的方式發(fā)展下去的話,我認(rèn)為至少在發(fā)達(dá)國家是那樣的。eq\a\vs4\al(atthis/thatrate照此情形；如此下去,atthe/arateof以……的速度或比率；以……的價格，ataspeedof以……速度)①[牛津詞典］That'sonepartofthejobdoneatanyrate。不管怎么說，這工作已經(jīng)做了一部分了.②[朗文詞典］Heiswhat，17?At_any_rate,_heisoldenoughtogoonhisown.他多大了,17？不管怎么說，他都該自立了。③［朗文詞典］At_this_rate，_we’llneveraffordavacation.照這種情形看，我們永遠(yuǎn)也度不起假.過關(guān)演練選詞填空atthecostof;wipeout；atallcosts；invain；atarateof；atanyrate1．Weshouldpromotetheproject________。答案：atallcosts2．Hesucceeded________hishealth.答案：atthecostof3．Hiseffortstoraisemoneyforhisprogramwere________becausenooneshowedanyintentiontotakeacentoutoftheirpockets。答案：invain4．[朗文詞典］Fires________halfofthecity.答案：wipedout5．Thecarisrunning________eightykilometersanhour.答案:atarateof6．Hedoesn’tunderstandme，or________notfully.答案:atanyrate1TheOlympicspirit－thespiritofcompetitionwhichemphasisestakingpartratherthanwinning－h(huán)asbeenviolatedbythedesiretosucceedatallcosts.P34人們不惜任何代價想獲勝的愿望違背了重在參與而不是獲勝的奧林匹克精神。－特別提示－（1）ratherthan為并列連詞,意為“而不是;與其……不如……",這一表達(dá)方式通常用在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中,連接相同的句子成分，即ratherthan前后兩部分在成分和形式上應(yīng)當(dāng)一致。（2）ratherthan連接兩個名詞或代詞作主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與ratherthan前面的詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。(1)prefertodosth.rather_thandosth.寧愿做……而不做……（2）woulddosth.ratherthandosth。wouldratherdosth.thandosth。寧愿做……而不做……①［朗文詞典]Weusuallytravelbytrainratherthanbyplane.我們通常坐火車而不是乘飛機(jī)出行。②［牛津詞典]She'dratherdiethanlosethechildren。她寧可死也不愿失去孩子們。③Shepreferredtostayathomerather_thangoshoppingwithhim.她寧愿待在家里，而不愿與他去購物。④Mary，rather_thanyou，istoblamefornotfinishingtheworkontime.是瑪麗而不是你因為沒有按時完成工作而受責(zé)備。2Itiscompulsoryforwinnerstobetestedbutotherparticipantsareonlytestedatrandom。P34獲勝者要強(qiáng)制性地進(jìn)行檢查，而其他參與者只是隨意地檢查。本句為“Itis＋adj.＋(forsb。）todosth.”句式，it作形式主語，真正的主語是不定式短語todosth。。（1）在“Itis＋adj。＋forsb.to_dosth?！本涫街?，作表語的形容詞說明不定式行為的性質(zhì)和特點,常見的有：easy,difficult,important,necessary，vital，possible等。(2)在“Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.todosth?！本涫街?，作表語的形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的品行、性格或性質(zhì),常見的有：kind,nice,good，clever,wise，careful,stupid,foolish,rude等。①Howsillyit_was_of_youtogiveupsuchagoodchance！放棄這么好的一個機(jī)會,你真是太傻了!②It_isbadmannersfor_the_young_totakeuptheseatsfortheold。年輕人占據(jù)老年人的座位是不禮貌的。3Inthefuture，athleteswhohavetheirgeneschangedmightbeabletodothe100metresdashinjust8secondsorthemarathoninlessthantwohours.P34將來，基因發(fā)生改變的運動員可能能在僅僅8秒內(nèi)跑完100米，或在不到兩個小時的時間里跑完馬拉松.eq\x(本句使用了havesth.done結(jié)構(gòu).）eq\a\vs4\al(此結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示以下幾個含義：,1使/讓/請別人做某事某事物被……。，2主語遭受某種情況.）①[牛津詞典]Theyaregoingtohavetheirhousepainted.他們準(zhǔn)備把房子粉刷一下。②[牛津詞典］We'rehavingourcarrepaired。我們的車正在修理.③[牛津詞典］Theyhavehadtheirrequestrefused.他們的請求遭到拒絕。④[牛津詞典］CharlesⅠhadhisheadcut_off.查理一世遭斬首.過關(guān)演練完成句子1．(1)Itisvital________haveagratefulheartandshowourthankstoanythinggoodandanypersonthatisnice.對我們來說，擁有一顆感恩的心,并對任何好人好事表示感謝是至關(guān)重要的.(2)________walksuchalongwayinthesnow。在雪中走那么遠(yuǎn)的路不容易.(3)It’snice________finisheatingeverythingonyourplate。你吃完你盤子里的所有東西，真是太好了.答案：(1)forusto(2)Itisnoteasyto（3)ofyouto2．(1）［2014·安徽高考］Whatweexpectfromyouisworkinghard________hardlyworking.我們對你的期望是努力工作而不是幾乎不工作。(2）Toenjoythescenery，Bobwouldspendlongtimeonthetrainratherthan________byair.為了欣賞風(fēng)景，鮑勃寧愿花長時間坐火車而不愿坐飛機(jī)旅行。（3)I________thancheatinthe