2024-2025學(xué)年高一英語(yǔ)必修第一冊(cè)（譯林版）UNIT 4 Grammar and usage教學(xué)課件

UNIT4Lookinggood，feelinggoodGrammarandusageGrammarandusageRestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbsI’llneverforgetthemuseum__________wevisitedtogether.Wearelivinginanage___________isseeinggreatchanges.Thereason___________hegaveusisnottrue.antecedent

(which/that)antecedent

which/thatantecedent

(which/that)wevisitedthemuseumtogethertheageisseeinggreatchangeshegaveusthereasonI’llneverforgetthemuseum__________thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanage___________manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason___________hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.thepaintingsaresoappealing

inthemuseummanythingsaredoneoncomputerintheagehedidn’tcometoschoolforthereason

where

when

whyI’llneverforgetthemuseum(which/that)

wevisitedtogether.I’llneverforgetthemuseumwhere

thepaintingsaresoappealing.Wearelivinginanagewhich/thatisseeinggreatchanges.Wearelivinginanagewhen

manythingsaredoneoncomputer.Thereason(which/that)hegaveusisnottrue.Thereasonwhy

hedidn’tcometoschoolisnottrue.RulesArestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphrasebeforeit.Thenoun,pronounornounphraseistheantecedent.Wecanuserelativeadverbstointroducerestrictiverelativeclauses.Belowisapartofamagazinearticleaboutsleepproblems.Findthesentenceswithrestrictiverelativeclausesinthearticleandfillintheboxbelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.PartADoyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Theyarestillgrowing,andnightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Teenagerswhodonotsleep

wellmayexperiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Doyourememberatimewhenyouhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srest?Doyourememberatime?Youhadnoworriesstoppingyoufromgettingagoodnight’srestatthetime.Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.Oneofthereasonsispressurefromschoolorwork.Peoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepforthereason.Theyarestillgrowing,andnightisthetimewhentheirbodiesgrowfaster.Theyarestillgrowingandnightisthetime.Theirbodiesgrowfasteratthetime.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituationswherebodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffers.Teenagerswhodonotsleepwellmayexperiencesituations.Bodydevelopmentslowsdown,andtheirhealthsuffersinthesituations.RulesWehaverelativeadverbs:where,whenandwhy.Therelativeadverbwhererefersto________,therelativeadverbwhenrefersto________,andtherelativeadverbwhyrefersto________.Restrictiverelativeclausescanberewrittenastwosentences.aplaceatimeareasonNightisthetimewhen...Teenagersmayexperiencesituationswhere...Oneofthereasonswhy...ispressurefromschool/work.LearnbyimitationTheschoolwhereheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.Thisisthereasonwhyhecamelate.Thisisthereasonforwhichhecamelate.Doyourememberthedaywhenyoujoinedourclub?Doyourememberthedayonwhichyoujoinedourclub?RulesInmoreformalEnglish,therelativeadverbswhere,whenandwhycanbereplacedby“preposition+__________”.Theantecedentsareusuallythewordsrelatedtoplace,timeandreason.which

Fillintheblankswithproperrelativepronounsoradverbs.Doyourememberthedays

__________affectedusalot?

__________wespenttogether?____________westayedtogether?

______effectisstillexisting?which/thatwhich/thatinwhich/whenwhoseDoyourememberthefarm__________wasbuilttwentyyearsago?

__________wevisitedtogether?

______________westayedtogether?

______

productsaresoldallovertheworld?which/thatwhich/thatonwhich/wherewhoseDoyoubelievethereason

causedhissickness?

hegavetousyesterday?

_____________hedidnotcometoschoolyesterday?which/thatwhich/thatforwhich/why在一個(gè)往往以瘦為美的社會(huì)里，青少年有時(shí)會(huì)借助極端的方法來(lái)快速減肥。Inasocietywherebeingthinisoftenseenasbeingbeautiful,teenagerssometimesturntoextrememethodstoslimdownquickly.他們沒(méi)有理由擔(dān)心。Thereisnoreasonwhytheyshouldbeworried.我還記得我上初中的那一天。IstillrememberthedaywhenIenteredjuniorhighschool.Translatethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingrelativeadverbsor“preposition+which”.PartB1Ididnotperformwellatschoollastweek.Thereasonwasmypoor-qualitysleep.Thosewerethedays.Iusedtosleepreallywellinthosedays.forthereason.Thereasonwasmypoor-qualitysleep.forwhich/whyIdidnotperformwellatschoollastweekThosewerethedaysinwhich/whenIusedtosleepreallywell.Thehospitalisnearmyhome.Ivisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsinthathospital.Istillrememberthatafternoon.ThatafternoonIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.Thehospitalisnearmyhome.inwhich/where

IvisitedadoctorforadviceonsleepproblemsIstillrememberthatafternooninwhich/whenIfellasleeponthebusandwentpastmystop.Inthatafternoon1.Wehaveenteredintoanage.Intheagedreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.2.Self-drivingisanarea.IntheareaChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.Wehaveenteredintoanageinwhich/whendreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.Self-drivingisanareainwhich/whereChinaandtherestoftheworldareonthesamestartingline.Rewritethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.3.Theirchildisatastage.Atthisstageshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.4.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweek.Nextweektheweathermaybebetter.

5.Hetoldmethereason.Hedidn’tcometoschoolforthereason.Theirchildisatastageatwhich/whereshecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.Wewillputoffthepicnicintheparkuntilnextweekwhentheweathermaybebetter.

Hetoldmethereasonforwhich/whyhedidn’tcometoschool.

Rewritethesentencesusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswithrelativeadverbs.Completethepassagewithcorrectrelativepronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+which”wherenecessary.PartB2Completetheclausewiththeantecedent.Usetherightrelativepronoun,relativeadverbor“preposition+which”toreplacetheantecedent.Findtheantecedent.which/thatwhen/atwhichwhere/inwhichwhich/thatwhy/forwhichWriteashortpassageparagraphusingrestrictiverelativeclauseswherenecessary.PartB3Inasocietywherepeopleareunderalotofpressure,sleepproblemshavebecomeverycommon.ThatisthereasonwhyWorldSleepDayiscelebratedeveryyearontheFridayofthesecondfullweekofMarch.Itsaimsaretomakepeopleunderstandtheimportanceofgoodandhealthy

sleepandtodrawsociety’sattentiontosleepproblems.Itisatimewhenpeoplehavediscussionsandgivetalksabouttheimportanceofhealthysleep.SampleExchangeyourwritingwithyourpartnersandcorrectthemistakesifthereisany.Homework單元語(yǔ)法由關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句1when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞是表示時(shí)間的詞，如time，moment，month，day，year等，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。

Doyourememberthedaywhenhewasborn?你記得他出生的日子嗎？（Hewasbornontheday.→ontheday作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

Wedon’tknowtheexacttimewhenhewillreturn.我們不知道他將要回來(lái)的確切日期。（Hewillreturnattheexacttime.→attheexacttime作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）

2where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的詞，如school，house，place，village等，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。

Thisisthehousewherehewasborn.這座房子就是他出生的地方。（Hewasborninthehouse.→inthehouse作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）附：?jiǎn)卧Z(yǔ)法全解SheworkedinChinaforafewyearswhereshetaughtEnglish.她在中國(guó)工作了幾年，在那里她教英語(yǔ)。（ShetaughtEnglishinChina.→inChina作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）【歸納拓展】

（1）當(dāng)先行詞是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，如place，room，airport等，同時(shí)關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句需用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。（2）如果先行詞是表示抽象意義的地點(diǎn)名詞，如case，situation，condition，job，career，point等，其后的關(guān)系副詞也用where。Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherewherehisemployeesenjoytheirwork.公司老板正盡力創(chuàng)造一種輕松的氣氛，在這種氣氛中，員工喜歡他們的工作。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

Studentsshouldinvolvethemselvesincommunityactivitieswheretheycanacquireexperienceofgrowth.學(xué)生們應(yīng)該參與社區(qū)活動(dòng)，他們能從活動(dòng)中獲取成長(zhǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Canyouthinkofasituationwherethephrasecanbeused?你能想出一個(gè)可以使用這個(gè)詞組的場(chǎng)合嗎？3why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的先行詞是表示原因的詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)。Tellmethereasonwhyyouwereangryyesterday.告訴我你昨天生氣的原因。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］4“介詞+which”可以替代關(guān)系副詞where、when、why在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系副詞?？勺?yōu)椤敖樵~+which”的形式。We’llneverforgetthedaywhen/onwhichweformedaband.我們將永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們組建樂(lè)隊(duì)的那一天。

SheworkedinJapanfortwoyearswhere/inwhichshetaughtEnglish.她在日本工作了兩年，在那里她教英語(yǔ)。Tellmethereasonwhy/forwhichyouwereabsentyesterday.告訴我你昨天缺席的原因。5定語(yǔ)從句的主要考點(diǎn)以及應(yīng)對(duì)策略（1）主要考點(diǎn)：①關(guān)系詞的選擇；②定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致。（2）應(yīng)對(duì)策略：①確定先行詞；②將先行詞代入從句中；③將代入從句中的先行詞改成合適的關(guān)系詞。如，

Wewillremembertheday

wespentdoingtheexperiment.［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］先行詞是theday，將theday代入定語(yǔ)從句中組成句子“Wespentthedaydoingtheexperiment”，theday作spent的賓語(yǔ)。先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故可填that或which。Iwillnotforgetthedays

weworkedtogetherinthatfactory.要選擇定語(yǔ)從句weworkedtogetherinthatfactory的關(guān)系詞，首先要確定先行詞為thedays；將thedays代入從句中，發(fā)現(xiàn)它只能與介詞on一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)作從句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，這時(shí)可以將先行詞轉(zhuǎn)化為關(guān)系代詞which，用onwhich來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；也可以用關(guān)系副詞when（=onwhich）來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。把下列句子用定語(yǔ)從句改寫(xiě)成一個(gè)句子(1)Thehousehasbeenpulleddown.Helivedinthehouse10yearsago.

__________________________________________________________(2)Theschoolliesintheeastofthetown.Heoncestudiedattheschool.

_____________________________________________________(3)Doyourememberthedays?Weplayedtogetherduringthedays.

_____________________________________________________(4)Today，wewilldiscussanumberofcases.BeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.________________________________________________________________________________(5)Thetimewasthehappiestforme.AtthattimeItaughtatavillageschool.

_________________________________________________________________________Thehousewherehelived10yearsagohasbeenpulleddown.Theschoolwhereheoncestudiedliesintheeastofthetown.Doyourememberthedayswhenweplayedtogether?Today，wewilldiscussanumberofcaseswherebeginnersofEnglishfailtousethelanguageproperly.ThetimewhenItaughtatavillageschoolwasthehappiestforme.

用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子(6)Salesdirectorisaposition

communicationabilityisjustasimportantassalesthemselves.(7)By16：30，

wasalmostclosingtime，nearlyallthepaintingshadbeensold.(8)Weliveinanage

moreinformationisavailablewithgreatereasethaneverbefore.(9)Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisabreak，

theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.(10)Abankistheplace

theylendyouanumbrellainfairweatherandaskforitbackwhenitbeginstorain.(11)Thedaysaregone

physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.(12)Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriend，

weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.where

which

whenwhen

where

when

where

(13)StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet

lifehasdevelopedgradually.(14)Thisisthemuseum

wesawanexhibitiontheotherday.(15)Asachild，Jackstudiedinavillageschool，

isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(16)Thereason

hedidn’tcometoclasswasthathewasill.(17)—CanyoubelieveIhadtopay30dollarsforahaircut?—Youshouldtrythebarber’s

Igo.It’sonly15.where

where

which

why

whereLanguagepoints教材原句p.48Oneofthereasonswhypeoplefailtogetagoodnight’ssleepispressurefromschoolorwork.人們晚上睡不好的原因之一是來(lái)自學(xué)校或工作的壓力。1pressuren.

心理壓力，緊張；壓力；要求，催促搭配underpressure（from...）承受著（來(lái)自……的）壓力 giveintopressure屈服于壓力 pressureofwork工作壓力 highbloodpressure高血壓 putpressureon施加壓力題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法Theyouthareusuallyeagertoberichwithinashorttimeandthedesirehasputthemunderalotofpressure.年輕人往往急于一夜暴富，這種渴望給他們帶來(lái)很多壓力。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Nowadaysmanyyoungpeopleareundergreatpressureandoftenstayup.如今很多年輕人壓力很大，經(jīng)常熬夜。【詞語(yǔ)積累】pressvt.

按；壓；敦促；催促presssb.todosth.催促某人做某事Theyarepressingustomakeanimmediatedecision.他們正催促我們立即作出決定。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

（press）byhisparents，theboydecidedtomakethemostoftheholidaytocatchup.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Everyoneneedstobattleagainstthe

（press）oflife.(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Katiepressedme

（contact）themanagerimmediately.(4)Johnonlyagreedtogounderpressure

hisparents.完成句子(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thecompanyis

（承受壓力）toimprovepayandworkingconditions.(6)Theirparentswere

（對(duì)他們施加壓力）togetmarried.Pressed

pressure

tocontact

from

underpressure

puttingpressureonthem

教材原句p.48Noisepollutionandlightpollutioninbigcitiesmayalsocontributetosleepproblems.大城市的噪音污染和光污染也可能導(dǎo)致睡眠問(wèn)題。2contributevi.&vt.

是……的原因之一；捐贈(zèng)，捐獻(xiàn)；增加，添加搭配

contribute...to...把……捐給……

contributeto（to為介詞）促成；導(dǎo)致

Ourteachertellsusthatexercisecontributestogoodhealth.我們的老師告訴我們運(yùn)動(dòng)有助于健康。

Hecontributedsomemoneytothe?oodvictims.他向水災(zāi)受害者捐了一些錢(qián)。

Wouldyouliketocontributetoourorganization?你愿意給我們的機(jī)構(gòu)募捐嗎？

Overtime，immigrantshavecontributedtoBritishcultureinmanyways.久而久之，移民在許多方面都對(duì)英國(guó)文化有所貢獻(xiàn)。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】contributionn.

捐款；貢獻(xiàn)；捐贈(zèng)makeacontributionto向……捐贈(zèng)/捐款Hemadeaverypositive

contributiontothesuccessoftheproject.他對(duì)項(xiàng)目的成功貢獻(xiàn)良多。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thesemeasureswouldmakeavaluablecontributiontowardsreducingindustrialaccidents.這些措施將會(huì)對(duì)減少工業(yè)事故起重要的作用。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)CharlieChaplinmadegreatcontributions

the?lmindustry.(2)Imakeaten-dollar

（contribute）tothechurcheverySunday.(3)Iamsureyoursuggestionwillcontributeto

（solve）theproblem.完成句子(4)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Goodqualities，suchasbeinghonestandpositive________________________

（有助于成功和幸福）.(5)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thelocalgovernmenthopesthateverybodylivingintheareawill

______________（向……捐款）theRedCrosstomakeadifference.(6)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Ibelievethatindividualscan

（為……做出貢獻(xiàn)）theworld.tocontribution

solvingcontributetosuccessandhappinesscontributeto

contributeto/makecontributionsto

教材原句p.48Inthelongterm，theymaybeatincreasedriskofhavingapoormemory，beingoverweightandsufferingaheartattack.從長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看，他們可能會(huì)面臨記憶力差、超重和心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。3memory

n.

記憶力，記性；記憶，回憶搭配：inmemoryof為了紀(jì)念I(lǐng)nmymemory，hiswifestucktohimthroughthickandthin.在我的記憶中，他的妻子和他同甘共苦，不離不棄。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

Theparkwasbuiltinmemoryofthefamouspoet.建造那個(gè)公園是為了紀(jì)念那位著名的詩(shī)人。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］【歸納拓展】inhonorof為了紀(jì)念……；為了向……表示敬意inneedof需要infavorof支持inchargeof負(fù)責(zé)，掌管insearchof尋找incaseof萬(wàn)一，以防Tomisinchargeofanorganization，whichisinsearchofchildreninneedofhelpandoffersthemwhattheyneed.Acharitypartywasheldlastweekinhonorofthosewhoareinfavoroftheorganizationandcontributetoit.湯姆是一個(gè)組織的負(fù)責(zé)人，這個(gè)組織尋找需要幫助的孩子并提供幫助。上周舉行了一個(gè)慈善聚會(huì)來(lái)向那些支持這個(gè)組織并捐款的人士表示敬意。選詞填空（inmemoryof/incaseof/inchargeof/inneedof/infavorof/inhonorof）(1)Themonumentwasbuilt

thosewhodiedfortheircountry.(2)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Callthisnumber

anemergency.(3)Hewas

thecompany.(4)Thehungrychildrenwere

food.(5)Areyou

myplan?(6)Abanquet（宴會(huì)）wasgiven

thevisitingPresident.完成句子

(7)Hesuffered

（失去記憶）forweeksaftertheaccident.(8)Hehaslotsof

（快樂(lè)的回憶）ofhisstayinJapan.inmemoryof

incaseofinchargeof

inneedof

infavorof

inhonorof

lossofmemory

happymemories4attackn.，vt.&vi.

（1）n.發(fā)作；攻擊；抨擊搭配anairattack空襲

underattack受到攻擊personalattack人身攻擊

aheartattack心臟病

anattackon針對(duì)……的攻擊

Therehavebeenseveralattacksonforeignersrecently.最近發(fā)生了幾起針對(duì)外國(guó)人的暴力事件。（2）vt.&vi.攻擊；侵襲；抨擊

搭配：attacksb.withsth.用某物攻擊某人

Thereisanarticleontheforum

attackingthePrimeMinister.論壇上有一篇抨擊首相的文章。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

Snakeswillonlyattackifyoudisturbthem.蛇只有在受到打擾時(shí)才會(huì)主動(dòng)攻擊。

Thechanceofbeingattackedbyasharkisverylittlecomparedtootherdangers.與其他危險(xiǎn)相比，被鯊魚(yú)襲擊的可能性很小?！驹~語(yǔ)積累】attackern.攻擊者單句語(yǔ)法填空(1)Jim

（attack）byamaninthepark.(2)Shestartedattackingthethief

herbag.(3)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Shewasabletorecognizeher

（attack）.(4)Thebookiswidelyseenasanattack

theeducationsystem.完成句子(5)Whenananimalis

（遭到攻擊），itcanrunawayor?ghtback.(6)［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Withgoodtreatmentandcare，ProfessorSmithrecoveredfrom_______________

（心臟?。?(7)Hisspeechwas

（對(duì)……強(qiáng)有力的攻擊）theenemy.wasattacked

with

attacker

on

Underattack

aheartattack

apowerfulattackon教材原句p.49Everyoneknowsthattheamountofqualitysleepthatwegetisimportanttous.每個(gè)人都知道高質(zhì)量的睡眠對(duì)我們很重要。5amountn.

數(shù)量

搭配：alargeamountof=largeamountsof大量的It’sbettertocookvegetablesinasmallamountofwater.烹制蔬菜時(shí)盡量少放水。Wehavehadalargeamountofhelp.我們已經(jīng)得到了大量的幫助?！練w納拓展】“許多，大量”的多種表達(dá)（1）agood/greatmanyalarge/greatnumberofquiteafew+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（2）manya（n）+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（3）agreat/gooddealof+不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（4）alotof/lotsofplentyof+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（5）alarge