第04講 一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別-【暑假自學(xué)課】2023年新九年級(jí)英語(yǔ)暑假課（仁愛版）（解析版）

第頁(yè)第04講一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別1.定義不同：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，或者過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如Shewasverynaughtywhenshewas10yearsold.她十歲的時(shí)候十分淘氣。這里用過(guò)去時(shí)說(shuō)明她過(guò)去（十歲時(shí)）存在的狀態(tài)（淘氣的狀態(tài)）。Hewenttotheparkyesterday.他昨天去公園了。這里用過(guò)去時(shí)說(shuō)明過(guò)去（昨天）發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（去公園）。Shehasfinishedherhomework.她已經(jīng)完成她的作業(yè)。這里要用完成時(shí)說(shuō)明完成作業(yè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生和結(jié)束。Shehasbeenherefortenyears.她已經(jīng)住在這里十年了。這里要用完成時(shí)說(shuō)明她住在這里這個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（10年了），而且還可能一直延續(xù)下去。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)重點(diǎn)不同，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在，強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)和動(dòng)作；而過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)（現(xiàn)在那個(gè)狀態(tài)已經(jīng)不存在了）。Theoldmandiedyesterday.那老人昨天死了。強(qiáng)調(diào)死亡發(fā)生在昨天。Theoldmanhasdied.那老人已經(jīng)死了。強(qiáng)調(diào)死亡成為事實(shí)，die這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成。Theoldmanhasbeendeadforabout20hours.那老人死了大約20個(gè)小時(shí)了。強(qiáng)調(diào)bedead這個(gè)狀態(tài)持續(xù)了約20個(gè)小時(shí)了。3.所接的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不一樣，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跟模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用或不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；過(guò)去時(shí)通常跟具體過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。常跟現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：sofar,till,until,Inthepasttenyears,uptonow,since…ago,for…,now,already,yet,ever,never,before,recently,lately等。常跟過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday,lastweek,lastyear,lastmonth,thedaybeforeyesterday,justnow,in1980等過(guò)去的時(shí)間。常見的同時(shí)可以用在過(guò)去時(shí)和完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：thismorning,tonight,before,recently,lately.例子：Ihavehad10dictionariesuptonow.Shehasfinishedhertestinpastyears.Ihaven’tseenyoubefore.Theyhavebeenthereforalongtime.Nowhehasgrownup.Ifinishedmyhomeworkthismorning.Ihavefinishedmyhomeworkthismorning.Shewas1.5meterslastyear.Nowshehasbeenmuchtaller.注意：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常不跟過(guò)去時(shí)間連用。如果句子中出現(xiàn)yesterday,lastweek等過(guò)去時(shí)間，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)使用時(shí)易錯(cuò)的地方：過(guò)去分詞規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化弄錯(cuò)，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞要特別記憶；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不跟過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，除通用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)外。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)部分時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)用法和位置搞錯(cuò)：Ever曾經(jīng)，用于肯定句或一般疑問(wèn)句，放在句中；Never從不，帶有否定意思，相當(dāng)于not，放在句中；Just剛剛，用于肯定句中，放在句中；Already已經(jīng)，用于肯定句中，放在句中；Yet用于疑問(wèn)句中是“已經(jīng)”的意思，用于否定句中是“尚（否定）”的意思，都放在句子末尾Now（現(xiàn)在）和justnow（剛才）搞錯(cuò)，now用于完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，justnow用于過(guò)去時(shí)。Havebeetto,havegoneto,havebeenin區(qū)別不開。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．—Areyougoinganywhere?—I________aboutvisitingmysister,butIhavechangedmymind.A．think B．havethought C．willthink D．thought2．We____________treeslastSunday.Sofarwe__________over3,000treesthere.A．planted;planted B．planted;haveplantedC．haveplanted;planted D．haveplanted;haveplanted3．—________you________aletterfromyourbrothersofar?—Yes,I________aletterfromhimyesterday.A．Have;got;got B．Have;got;havegotC．Did;get;got D．Did;havegot;got4．—________didyouruncleleaveforthecapitalofDenmark?—Letmesee.He________fornearly2months.A．When;hasleft B．Howlong;hasbeenawayC．Howlong;hasleft D．When;hasbeenaway5．—Couldyoutellmewhenyou________thenewsmartphone?

—Well,I_______itforamonth.A．havebought;havehad B．bought;havebought C．havebought;havekept D．bought;havehad6．Myson________upyetbecausehe________tobedlatelastnight.A．hasn’tgot;went B．didn’tget;wentC．didn’tget;hasgone D．hasn’tgot;hasgone7．—WillyougoandseethemovieWildWindswithme?—Thankyou.ButI________ittwice.A．saw B．haveseen C．willsee8．Mrs.Green________manyplacesofinterestsinceshecametoChinathreeyearsago.A．visit B．visited C．willvisit D．hasvisited9．Theyoungwoman________amillionairesinceherfather_________twoyearsago.A．hasbeenmarriedto;died B．hasmarriedto;diedC．hasbeenmarriedto;dead D．hasmarried;dead10．Youaretoolate.ThetraintoBeijing_______.A．willleave B．hasleft C．isleaving D．wasleaving11．—Where________MissZhang_________?Ican’tfindher.

—ShewenttotheUSAtwomonthsago.A．has,goneto B．did,goto C．had,been D．has,gone12．We________inthisschoolforovertenandahalfyears.A．a(chǎn)re B．were C．havebeen D．willbe13．PremierZhou________formanyyears,buthestilllivesintheheartsofChinesepeople.A．died B．wasdiedC．hasbeendead D．hasbeendied14．—Whereisyourfather?—HewenttoAustraliaforameetingandhe________Sydneyfortwoweeks.A．hasbeenin B．wentto C．hasbeento D．hasgoneto15．LastweekI________anewbicycle.I________itforeightdays.A．havebought,bought B．bought,haveboughtC．bought,bought D．bought,havehad16．Myuncle________inthisbank________hecametoLondon.A．worked;for B．hasworked;since C．hasworked;for17．—When________youbegintoplaythepiano?—In1990.I________thepianoforabout30years.A．did;played B．have;play C．did;play D．did;haveplayed18．Howtimeflies!Tenyears________sinceI________thearmy.A．havepassed;joinedin B．passed;havejoined C．haspassed;joined D．passed;joined19．Alice________in2018andshe________ahappyfamilysince2018.A．gotmarried;had B．hasbeenmarried;hashad C．gotmarried;hashad D．hasbeenmarried;had20．—Howlongisitsincehe______thisschool?—He______forthreeyears.A．hasleft;hasleft B．left;hasbeenaway C．leaves;hasleft D．left;hasleft二、完形填空ItseemsthatShanghaistudentsarenotashappyastheyshouldbe.That’s___21___anarticleinalocalnewspapersaidsometimeago.The___22___didasurveyofsomestudents.It___23___themiftheywerehappy.60%ofthestudentssaidtheywerehappy,___24___almost40%saidtheywereunhappy!However,whenthepaperasked___25___studentsthesamequestion,almost90%said,yes,theywerehappy.It’spretty___26___whenyouthinkaboutit.Thosestudentswhohaveadisability（殘疾）are___27___thantheir“healthier”classmatesorschoolmates.Asateacher,whenIasked___28___studentsiftheywerehappy,mostsaidyes.Buttheyalsosaidtheyhadalotof___29___:toomuchhomework,notenoughfreedom,notenoughmoney.Andsome_____30_____thefuture,suchasgoingintoagooduniversityandgettingagoodjob.Clearly,somestudentssolvethispressurebetterthanothers,andthedeafstudentsseemtosolvethepressurebestofall.Theydon’t_____31_____thepressuregetthemdown（沮喪）.Icanonlyimaginewhythisis.Maybeithasalottodo_____32_____“overcomingadversity（克服逆境）”.Thedeafstudentshavetodealwithabigproblemintheirlives.Theycan’t_____33_____,sotalkingtootherpeopleisverydifficult,ifnotimpossible.Tocommunicatewith_____34_____,theyhavetolearnsignlanguage.Afterlearningto“sign”,theyfindnewfriendsandthey_____35_____findthejoythatcomeswith“overcomingadversity”.Wecanalllearnalessonfromthesedeafstudents.21．A．where B．what C．which D．how22．A．paper B．teacher C．school D．country23．A．ordered B．described C．hoped D．a(chǎn)sked24．A．but B．or C．so D．because25．A．lazy B．clever C．deaf D．healthy26．A．moving B．surprising C．exciting D．delicious27．A．sadder B．bigger C．lower D．happier28．A．my B．his C．her D．your29．A．joy B．pressure C．homework D．hobbies30．A．a(chǎn)greewith B．cutdown C．worryabout D．blowout31．A．let B．take C．want D．like32．A．on B．with C．for D．to33．A．talk B．see C．feel D．hear34．A．others B．other C．theother D．a(chǎn)nother35．A．too B．either C．a(chǎn)lso D．still三、語(yǔ)法填空Recently,aforeignstudentinChinagaveaverytouchinganswertothequestion:WhatshouldChinabeproudof?Itwas___36___(wide)spreadonline.EmmaisfromCanada.ShecametoChinafouryearsago.Nowsheis___37___universitystudentinNingbo.ThefollowingisChinainhereyes.“___38___(find)ajobinChinacanbereallysimple.Therearemorejob___39___(chance)herethananyothercountryintheworld.”“Itspublicsecurityisgreat.I___40___(travel)manycountriessofar,andIthinkChinaisreallysafe.”“About400millionChinesearestudyingEnglish.Chinahasbecomethecountry___41___hasthegreatestnumberofEnglishspeakersinnon-Englishspeakingcountries.”“ThespeedofChinesetrainsishigh.Onmy___42___(three)visittomyfriendinBeijing,Itookatrainthere.FromNingbo___43___Beijing,thetrainruns1,365kilometersforonlysevenhours.”“Ithinkthere___44___(be)manymorethingsChinashouldbeproudof.IbelieveChinamustbemuch____45____(good)thanothercountries.”閱讀理解ADoyougetangrywhenyourfriendssingloudlywhileyouareworking,orwhenyourbestfrienddoesnotwaitforyouafterschool?Ifyoudo,youneedtotakecontrolof(控制)yourfeelingsandstopgettingangrysoeasily.Gettingangrywithpeoplecanmakeyoulosefriends.GaryEgeberg,anAmericanhighschoolteacher,haswrittenMyFeelingsAreJustLikeWildAnimalstohelpyoucontrolyourfeelings.Ittellsteenshowtostaycoolwhenbadthingshappentothem.Thebooksaysthatgettingangryonlymakesproblemsworse.Itcannevermakethembetter.Gettingangryisnotanatured(本性的)waytoact.Itisjustabadhabit,likesmoking.Thebooksaysyoucancontrolyourangereasily—allyouhavetodoistotellyourselfnottobeangry.Whenababyfallsover,itonlycriesifpeoplearewatchingit.Likeababy,youshouldonlygetangryifyouaresureitistherightthingtodo.Thebookgivesmanytipstohelpyouifyougetangryeasily.Herearethetopthree:①Keeparecord.Everytimeyougetangry,writedownwhyyouareangry.Lookatitlaterandyouwillseeyougetangrytooeasily.②Askyourfriendstostoptalkingtoyouwhenyougetangry.Thiswillteachyounottobeangry.③Dosomethingdifferent.Whenyougetangry,walkawayfromtheproblemandgosomewhereelse.Trytolaugh!46．Thewriterthinksthatifyougetangryeasilyyouwill________.A．getillveryeasily B．loseyourfriends C．putonweighteasily D．eatless47．MyFeelingsAreJustLikeWildAnimalsisa________.A．story B．book C．picture D．film48．Inthefourthparagraph,theunderlinedword“it”refersto________.A．thebook B．a(chǎn)nger C．thehabit D．thebaby49．MyFeelingsAreJustLikeWildAnimalsdoesn’ttellusto________ifwegetangryeasily.A．keeparecord B．a(chǎn)skourfriendstostoptalkingtousC．takecontrolofourfeelings D．dosomethingdifferent50．Thewriterwantstotellus________.A．nottogetangry B．toworkhardatschool C．todomoreexercise D．tohelpeachotherBAngerisakindoffeeling.Manythingscanmakeyouangry.Whenyourteachergivesyoutoomuchhomework,whenyourteamlosesanimportantgame,whenafriendborrowsyourfavoritethingandthenbreaksit,youmaygetreallyangry.Usually,yourbodywilltellyouwhenyouareangry.Forexample,youbreathe（呼吸）faster,yourfaceturnsred,andyoumaywanttobreaksomethingorhitsomeone,butsometimes,youhideyouranger.Forexample,youmayhideitinyourheart.Theproblemisthatifyoudothis,youmaygetaheadacheoryourstomachmayhurt.Infact,it’snotgoodtohideyouranger,andit’snormalforyoutogetangrysometimes.Butangermustbeletoutintherightway,withouthurtingothersoryourself.Whenyougetangry,youcantalkaboutitwithotherpeople.It’shelpfultotalkaboutyourangerwithanadult,suchasparents,ateacher,etc.Whenyoutalkaboutanger,thosebadfeelingscanstarttogoaway.Herearesomeotherthingsyoucandowhenyoustarttofeelangry:talktoagoodfriend;countfrom1to100;givesomeoneahug;goforabikeride;thinkaboutgoodthings,etc.Rememberthathowyouactwhenyouareangrycanmakeeverythingbetterorworse.Don’tletyourangercontrolyou.51．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Thewaystostayawayfromanger. B．Howtodealwithanger.C．Thecausesofanger. D．It’snotgoodtogetangry.52．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertointhesecondparagraph?A．Youranger. B．Yourbody.C．Someoneyouhit. D．Somethingyoubreak.53．Accordingtothepassage,whatcan’tyoudowhenyougetangry?A．Goforabikeride. B．Thinkaboutgoodthings.C．Talktoagoodfriend. D．Saybadthingstothepeoplearoundyou.54．Whatcanyouinferfromthepassage?A．It’snormaltogetangryallthetime.B．It’sgoodtoletangercontrolyou.C．It’sgoodforustoletoutourangerintherightway.D．Ifyouhideyourangerinyourheart,youmaygetabackache.參考答案：1．D【詳解】句意：——你打算去某個(gè)地方嗎？——我考慮去看望我姐姐，但是我已經(jīng)改變主意。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“butIhavechangedmymind”，可知，“考慮去看望姐姐”這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，句子用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故選D。2．B【詳解】句意：上周日我們種樹了。到目前為止我們已經(jīng)種了3000棵樹。考查時(shí)態(tài)辨析。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastSunday可知用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，plant的過(guò)去式是planted。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)Sofar可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是havedone的形式。故選B。3．A【詳解】句意：——到目前為止你收到你哥哥的信了嗎？——是的，我昨天收到他的一封信。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)sofar可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是havedone的形式，短語(yǔ)getaletterfrom...“收到……的來(lái)信”，get的過(guò)去分詞是got；排除CD；第二空根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)yesterday可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，排除B。故選A。4．D【詳解】句意：——你叔叔是什么時(shí)候動(dòng)身去丹麥?zhǔn)锥嫉模俊屛蚁胂?。他已?jīng)離開將近兩個(gè)月了。考查特殊疑問(wèn)句和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。when什么時(shí)候；howlong多久。根據(jù)“l(fā)eave”是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞可知，它不能與一段時(shí)間連用，也不能用于howlong疑問(wèn)句中；再根據(jù)“fornearly2months”是一段時(shí)間可知，第二空要用leave的延續(xù)性結(jié)構(gòu)beaway(from)，時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone。故選D。5．D【詳解】句意：——你能告訴我你什么時(shí)候買了新智能手機(jī)嗎？——嗯，我已經(jīng)買了一個(gè)月了?？疾橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。第一個(gè)空處，根據(jù)“whenyou...thenewsmartphone?”可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；第二個(gè)空處，根據(jù)“foramonth”可知有一個(gè)月了，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且是延續(xù)性動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用buy對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have。故選D。6．A【詳解】句意：我兒子還沒(méi)有起床，因?yàn)樗蛲硭煤芡??？疾橹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)yet可知第一個(gè)空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且是否定句的形式；根據(jù)lastnight可知第二個(gè)空處應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故選A。7．B【詳解】句意：——你要和我一起去看電影WildWinds嗎？——謝謝。但我已經(jīng)看過(guò)兩遍了?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“twice”可知，強(qiáng)調(diào)次數(shù)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。8．D【詳解】句意：自從格林夫人三年前來(lái)到中國(guó)以來(lái)，她參觀了許多名勝古跡?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“...sinceshecametoChinathreeyearsago.”可知，本題為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，其構(gòu)成為：have/has+done。故選D。9．A【詳解】句意：自從她父親兩年前去世后，這位年輕女子就嫁給了一位百萬(wàn)富翁?？疾閯?dòng)詞形式辨析。根據(jù)“sinceherfather...twoyearsago.”可知，此從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)且為短暫性動(dòng)詞，故填died；主句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，結(jié)婚“getmarriedto”延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞為“bemarriedto”，故填hasbeenmarriedto”。故選A。10．B【詳解】句意：你來(lái)得太晚了。去北京的火車已經(jīng)開走了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Youaretoolate”可知，已經(jīng)晚了，所以火車已經(jīng)開走了，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasdone的結(jié)構(gòu)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作已完成，故選B。11．D【詳解】句意：——張小姐去哪兒了？我找不到她?！齼蓚€(gè)月前去了美國(guó)?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)“Ican’tfindher”以及“ShewenttotheUSAtwomonthsago.”可知因?yàn)閺埿〗銉蓚€(gè)月前去了美國(guó)，所以找不到她，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。havegoneto表示“去了（未回）”，另外where屬于疑問(wèn)副詞，前面不加任何介詞，省略to。故選D。12．C【詳解】句意：我們?cè)谶@所學(xué)校已經(jīng)超過(guò)十年半了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“forovertenandahalfyears”可知，句子是現(xiàn)在時(shí)完成時(shí)，即“have/has+過(guò)去分詞”，主語(yǔ)是we，助動(dòng)詞用have，be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是been。故選C。13．C【詳解】句意：周總理去世多年了，但他仍然活在中國(guó)人民的心中?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)和延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“formanyyears”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，句子的動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞bedead，而die是短暫性動(dòng)詞，不能和一段時(shí)間連用。故選C。14．A【詳解】句意：——你父親在哪里？——他去澳大利亞開會(huì)了而且他在悉尼待兩個(gè)星期了?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。hasbeenin待在某地（常和時(shí)間段連用）；wentto一般過(guò)去時(shí)；hasbeento去過(guò)某地（已回）；hasgoneto去了某地（未回）。根據(jù)句意和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“fortwoweeks”可知時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，只有hasbeenin能和時(shí)間段連用。故選A。15．D【詳解】句意：上周我買了一輛新自行車。我已經(jīng)買了八天了?？疾閯?dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。第一空根據(jù)“Lastweek”可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，排除A選項(xiàng)；第二空和一段時(shí)間連用，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，buy“買”，是短暫性動(dòng)詞，和時(shí)間段連用，應(yīng)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞have，故選D。16．B【詳解】句意：我叔叔來(lái)到倫敦后一直在這家銀行工作。考查謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和連詞辨析。for為了，持續(xù)……；since自從。根據(jù)“hecametoLondon”可知是時(shí)間點(diǎn)，應(yīng)用since連接，句子時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故選B。17．D【詳解】——你什么時(shí)候開始彈鋼琴的？——1990年，我彈鋼琴大約有30年了?？疾橐话氵^(guò)去時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。第一個(gè)空詢問(wèn)具體的時(shí)間，所以是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，借助于助動(dòng)詞did；第二個(gè)空由“forabout30years”可知，這是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以是haveplayed。故選D。18．C【詳解】句意：時(shí)間過(guò)得真快！我參軍已經(jīng)十年了?？疾橹髦^一致及動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。此處是含since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)是have/hasdone，從句為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。Tenyears表時(shí)間，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，故用助動(dòng)詞has。故選C。19．C【詳解】句意：愛麗絲在2018年結(jié)婚了，從2018年以后她有了一個(gè)幸福的家庭。考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“in2018”可知，第一個(gè)空用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，getmarried“結(jié)婚”，動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，get的過(guò)去式為got，排除BD選項(xiàng)；根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“since2018”可知，第二個(gè)空用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)have/hasdone，主語(yǔ)為單三，故用hashad。故選C。20．B【詳解】句意：——自從你畢業(yè)有多久了？——他已經(jīng)畢業(yè)三年了。考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法。第一空根據(jù)句意可知，since自從，后面接句子用過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)填left；第二空f(shuō)orthreeyears為延續(xù)性時(shí)間，動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)填hasbeenaway。故選B。21．B22．A23．D24．A25．C26．B27．D28．A29．B30．C31．A32．B33．D34．A35．C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文結(jié)合上海當(dāng)?shù)貓?bào)紙對(duì)學(xué)生幸福度的調(diào)查，列舉了學(xué)生普遍存在的壓力類型，分析了失聰學(xué)生比其他學(xué)生更快樂(lè)的原因。21．句意：這是不久前當(dāng)?shù)匾患覉?bào)紙上的一篇文章所說(shuō)的。where哪里；what什么；which哪一個(gè)；how怎樣。根據(jù)“anarticleinalocalnewspapersaid”可知此處應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句，what在從句中作said的賓語(yǔ)。故選B。22．句意：這篇文章對(duì)一些學(xué)生做了調(diào)查。paper文章；teacher老師；school學(xué)校；country國(guó)家。根據(jù)上文“anarticleinalocalnewspaper”可知，此處是指“報(bào)紙上的這篇文章”。故選A。23．句意：它問(wèn)他們是否快樂(lè)。ordered命令；described描述；hoped希望；asked問(wèn)。根據(jù)“iftheywerehappy”可知是問(wèn)這些學(xué)生是否快樂(lè)。故選D。24．句意：60%的學(xué)生說(shuō)他們很快樂(lè)，但是幾乎40%的學(xué)生說(shuō)他們不快樂(lè)。but但是；or或者；so所以；because因?yàn)椤８鶕?jù)“60%ofthestudentssaidtheywerehappy”和“almost40%saidtheywereunhappy”可知兩個(gè)句子存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用連詞but來(lái)表轉(zhuǎn)折。故選A。25．句意：當(dāng)文章問(wèn)到失聰學(xué)生同樣的問(wèn)題時(shí)，幾乎90%的學(xué)生說(shuō)，是的，他們是快樂(lè)的。lazy懶惰的；clever聰明的；deaf聾的；healthy健康的。根據(jù)下文“Thosestudentswhohaveadisability”可知，說(shuō)的是那些有殘疾的學(xué)生，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知此處是指失聰學(xué)生。故選C。26．句意：仔細(xì)想想，這很奇怪。moving感人的；surprising令人驚訝的，奇怪的；exciting令人興奮的；delicious美味的。根據(jù)“whenthepaperasked…studentsthesamequestion,almost90%said,yes,theywerehappy”可知當(dāng)文章問(wèn)到這些學(xué)生同樣的問(wèn)題時(shí)，幾乎90%的學(xué)生說(shuō)他們是快樂(lè)的，可知這很奇怪，令人驚訝的。故選B。27．句意：那些有殘疾的學(xué)生比他們“更健康”的同學(xué)或校友更快樂(lè)。sadder更悲傷的；bigger更大的；lower更低的；happier更快樂(lè)的。根據(jù)“Clearly,somestudentssolvethispressurebetterthanothers,andthedeafstudentsseemtosolvethepressurebestofall”可知，有些學(xué)生比其他學(xué)生更好地解決了這種壓力，而失聰學(xué)生似乎最能解決壓力，可知有殘疾的學(xué)生比健康的學(xué)生更快樂(lè)。故選D。28．句意：作為一名教師，當(dāng)我問(wèn)我的學(xué)生是否快樂(lè)時(shí)，大多數(shù)人都說(shuō)是的。my我的；his他的；her她的；your你的。根據(jù)“Asateacher”可知，我作為一名教師，可知應(yīng)是問(wèn)我的學(xué)生。故選A。29．句意：但他們也說(shuō)他們有很多壓力：家庭作業(yè)太多、自由度不夠、錢不夠。joy快樂(lè)；pressure壓力；homework家庭作業(yè)；hobbies愛好。根據(jù)“toomuchhomework,notenoughfreedom,notenoughmoney”可知，家庭作業(yè)太多、自由度不夠、錢不夠，可知學(xué)生們也有很多壓力。故選B。30．句意：有些人對(duì)未來(lái)感到擔(dān)憂，比如，進(jìn)入一所好的大學(xué)，得到一份好的工作。agreewith同意；cutdown砍倒；worryabout擔(dān)憂；blowout吹滅。根據(jù)“suchasgoingintoagooduniversityandgettingagoodjob”可知，上一所好大學(xué)，找到一份好工作，這些都是未來(lái)的事情，可知有些人對(duì)未來(lái)感到擔(dān)憂。故選C。31．句意：他們不會(huì)因?yàn)閴毫Χ趩?。let讓；take帶走；want想；like喜歡。根據(jù)“…thepressuregetthemdown”可知此處用letsth.dosth.表示“讓……做某事”，即“讓壓力使他們沮喪”。故選A。32．句意：也許這與“克服逆境”有很大關(guān)系。on在上面；with和……一起；for為了；to向。根據(jù)“hasalot…todo”可知此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)have…todowithsth.表示“與……有關(guān)”。故選B。33．句意：他們聽不見，所以與他人交談?dòng)欣щy，即使并非不可能。talk談話；see看見；feel感覺(jué)；hear聽見。根據(jù)上文“Thedeafstudentshavetodealwithabigproblemintheirlives.”可知此處指失聰?shù)膶W(xué)生，他們聽不見。故選D。34．句意：為了和別人交流，他們不得不學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)。others其他人；other其他的；theother特指兩者中的另一個(gè)；another泛指另一個(gè)。根據(jù)“Tocommunicatewith”可知學(xué)習(xí)手語(yǔ)是為了和其他人交流。此處應(yīng)用可作賓語(yǔ)的others表示“別人，其他人”。故選A。35．句意：學(xué)會(huì)“手語(yǔ)”后，他們找到了新朋友，他們也找到了“克服逆境”帶來(lái)的快樂(lè)。too也，放于肯定句句末；either也，放于否定句句末；also也，放于實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前、系動(dòng)詞后；still仍然。根據(jù)“theyfindnewfriendsandthey…findthejoy”可知此處應(yīng)填“也”，在動(dòng)詞find前用also。故選C。36．widely37．a(chǎn)38．Finding39．chances40．havetraveled/havetravelled41．that/which42．third43．to44．willbe45．better【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要介紹了在一名加拿大留學(xué)生艾瑪?shù)难壑?，中?guó)是怎么樣的，并為中國(guó)感到驕傲。36．句意：這在網(wǎng)上廣泛傳播。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處修飾動(dòng)詞spread“傳播”，用副詞widely“廣泛地”。故填widely。37．句意：現(xiàn)在她是一名寧波的大學(xué)生。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞表示“一名”，且空后是university“大學(xué)”，首字母為非元音因素，用a。故填a。38．句意：在中國(guó)找到一份工作很簡(jiǎn)單。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處是動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)，find“找到”應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式finding，且放句首首字母開頭大寫。故填Finding。39．句意：有比世界其他國(guó)家更多的工作機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為名詞，根據(jù)thereare“有”可知，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，chance“機(jī)會(huì)”復(fù)數(shù)形式為chances。故填chances。40．句意：到目前為止，我已經(jīng)參觀了很多國(guó)家，我認(rèn)為中國(guó)真的很安全。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處應(yīng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)sofar“到目前為止”，可知此處是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為I，助動(dòng)詞用have。