專題13 閱讀理解議論文-【好題匯編】五年（2020-2024）高考英語真題分類匯編

【好題匯編】五年（2020-2024）高考英語真題分類匯編（全國通用）解析版專題13閱讀理解議論文考點(diǎn)五年考情（2020-2024）命題趨勢考點(diǎn)1人與自我型議論文（5年2考）2021新課標(biāo)I卷—情商的研究與期望;2021全國甲卷—天才有多種形式;2021天津卷—當(dāng)雜家還是專家;2019天津卷—成功需要不斷學(xué)習(xí)。1.議論文的題材多樣化、知識化，它包括社會科學(xué)的多個領(lǐng)域，涵蓋文化、歷史、文學(xué)、科學(xué)和教育等各個方面，以及和自然科學(xué)交叉的學(xué)科，體現(xiàn)以人為本的特點(diǎn)。2.演繹論證議論文：注意文章的開篇，因?yàn)槲恼碌拈_篇是文章的主旨，抓住了主旨，也就抓住了作者的觀點(diǎn)，從而把握了文章的中心思想。3.歸納論證議論文：注意文章的尾段，因?yàn)槲捕问菍η懊嫠e事例和分論點(diǎn)的歸納和概括。4.抓論點(diǎn)、尋論據(jù)。閱讀議論文我們要抓住論題，即作者提出的觀點(diǎn)、給出的例證及最后得出的結(jié)論。抓住了論題，我們就把握了中心?？键c(diǎn)2人與社會型議論文（5年4考）2024新課標(biāo)I卷—數(shù)字閱讀與紙質(zhì)閱讀;2024全國甲卷—小說結(jié)局引起的思考;2023全國乙卷—研究歷史需要物證;2022北京卷—對量子計算機(jī)看法;2022天津卷—美好生活的秘訣;2020北京卷—通用人工智能可能性;2019全國III卷—中國美學(xué)影響國際時尚界;2018北京卷—無人駕駛汽車的前景。考點(diǎn)1人與自我型議論文【2021新課標(biāo)I卷】Popularizationhasinsomecaseschangedtheoriginalmeaningofemotional(情感的)intelligence.Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand“peopleskills.”Researchhasshownthatemotionalskillsmaycontributetosomeofthesequalities,butmostofthemmovefarbeyondskill-basedemotionalintelligence.Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.Theabilitytoaccuratelyunderstandhowothersarefeelingmaybeusedbyadoctortofindhowbesttohelpherpatients,whileacheatermightuseittocontrolpotentialvictims.Beingemotionallyintelligentdoesnotnecessarilymakeoneamoralperson.Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularizationisanewandmuchneededemphasis(重視)onemotionbyemployers,educatorsandothersinterestedinpromotingsocialwell-being.Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelpedboththepublicandresearchersre-evaluatethefunctionalityofemotionsandhowtheyservepeopleadaptivelyineverydaylife.Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.Emotionalintelligence,withitsfocusonbothheadandheart,mayservetopointusintherightdirection.32.Whatisacommonmisunderstandingofemotionalintelligence?A.ItcanbemeasuredbyanIQtest.B.Ithelpstoexerciseaperson'smind.C.Itincludesasetofemotionalskills. D.Itreferstoaperson’spositivequalities.33.Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?A.Toexplainarule. B.Toclarifyaconcept.C.Topresentafact. D.Tomakeaprediction.34.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.35.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutconcerningemotionalintelligence?A.Itsappealtothepublic.B.Expectationsforfuturestudies.C.Itspracticalapplication.D.Scientistswithnewperspectives.【答案】322-35DBAB【導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。主要論述了什么是情商以及情商普及的優(yōu)勢，并表達(dá)了作者自己的觀點(diǎn)，同時提出了對情商研究的未來期望。32.D。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Manypeoplenowmisunderstandemotionalintelligenceasalmosteverythingdesirableinaperson’smakeupthatcannotbemeasuredbyanIQtest,suchascharacter,motivation,confidence,mentalstability,optimismand‘peopleskills’.”可知，許多人誤把情商理解為一個人的性格中無法被智商測試所衡量的幾乎可取的一切，也就是指一個人的積極的品質(zhì)。33.B。推理判斷題。第二段首句“Weprefertodescribeemotionalintelligenceasaspecificsetofskillsthatcanbeusedforeithergoodorbadpurposes.”是介紹情商的概念。由此推斷出提到的“醫(yī)生”和“騙子”是對這一概念的解釋。34.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“theauthor’sattitudetothepopularizationofemotionalintelligence”可定位到第三段。根據(jù)第三段的首句“Althoughpopularbeliefsregardingemotionalintelligencerunfaraheadofwhatresearchcanreasonablysupport,theoveralleffectsofthepublicityhavebeenmorebeneficialthanharmful.”可知，作者認(rèn)為情商普及利大于弊。又根據(jù)“Themostpositiveaspectofthispopularization...”和“Thepopularizationofemotionalintelligencehashelped...”可知，作者對于情商普及是贊成的。35.B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Althoughthecontinuingpopularappealofemotionalintelligenceisdesirable,wehopethatsuchattentionwillexciteagreaterinterestinthescientificandscholarlystudyofemotion.”可知，雖然情商的持續(xù)流行吸引力是可取的，但我們希望這種關(guān)注能引起人們對情感的科學(xué)研究和學(xué)術(shù)研究的更大的興趣。又根據(jù)下文的“Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectives(視角)fromwhichtostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.”可知，我們希望在未來的數(shù)十年后，科學(xué)的進(jìn)步提供新的視角來研究人們?nèi)绾喂芾硭麄兊纳?。由此可知，這些是對未來研究的期望?！?021全國甲卷】Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender(性別)are“really,reallysmart.”Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors(因素)likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance(毅力),andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld.”12.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofvictors'standardsforjoiningthegeniusclub?A.They'reunfair.B.They'reconservative.C.They'reobjective.D.They'restrict.13.WhatcanweinferaboutgirlsfromthestudyinScience?A.Theythinkthemselvessmart.B.Theylookuptogreatthinkers.C.Theyseegenderdifferencesearlierthanboys.D.Theyarelikelytobeinfluencedbysocialbeliefs14.Whyaremoregeniusesknowntothepublic?A.Improvedglobalcommunication.B.Lessdiscriminationagainstwomen.C.Acceptanceofvictors'concepts.D.Changesinpeople'ssocialpositions.15.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck【答案】12-15ADAB【導(dǎo)讀】這是一篇議論文。文章由問題“誰是天才？”引入，論述了世人對天才的狹隘定義，提出事實(shí)上“天才”有很多種形式，不要讓思維限制了我們的“天才”能力。12.A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“Itissaidthathistoryiswrittenbyvictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub-women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief-theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.(據(jù)說歷史是由勝利者書寫的，而那些勝利者為進(jìn)入天才俱樂部設(shè)定了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)俱樂部以外的天才——女性或不同膚色或信仰的人——做出貢獻(xiàn)時，他們不會被承認(rèn)并且被其他人拒絕)”可推知，作者認(rèn)為那些“勝利者”對進(jìn)入“天才俱樂部”設(shè)置的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是不公平的，因?yàn)榕曰蛘卟煌w色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承認(rèn)的。13.D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief.Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart.”(更糟糕的是，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)女孩們是按照這個信念行事的。六歲左右，她們開始避免那些據(jù)說是“非常非常聰明”的孩子參加的活動)”可推知，女孩容易受到社會信仰的影響，認(rèn)為自己在六歲左右就不適合做“聰明孩子”做的事情。14.A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we’reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.(在一個全球通訊不斷的有線世界里，我們隨時隨地都能看到天才的閃現(xiàn))”可知，進(jìn)步的全球通訊讓更多的天才被公眾所知道。15.B。主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，結(jié)合文章第一段提出問題“Whoisagenius?（誰是天才）”和最后一段的“Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance,andsimplegeniuses,whoareabletochangetheworld.”(正如一位作家所說，未來的天才來自那些具有“智慧、創(chuàng)造力、毅力和那些能夠改變世界的簡單天才?！?”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大貢獻(xiàn)的人，他們也可以是某一方面比較突出的普通人。由此可知B項(xiàng)“天才有多種形式”可以作為本文最佳標(biāo)題?！?021天津卷】Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（視角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（專長）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.51.Tobecomeaspecialist,onemayhaveto_____.A.narrowhisrangeofknowledgeB.avoidresponsibilitiesatworkC.knowmoreaboutthesocietyD.broadenhisperspectiveonlife52.ThespecialistsmentionedinParagraph3tendto______.A.treasuretheirfreedomB.travelaroundtheworldC.spendmosttimeworkingD.enjoymeetingfunnypeople53.Accordingtotheauthor,asuperiordoctorisonewho_____.A.isfullyawareofhistalentandabilityB.isapurespecialistinmedicineC.shouldlovepoetryandphilosophyD.bringsknowledgeofotherfieldstowork54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoshowwiththeexampleofToni?A.Passionalonedoesnotensureaperson'ssuccess.B.In-depthexplorationmakesdiscoveriespossible.C.Everyonehasachancetosucceedintheirpursuit.D.Seeminglyunrelatedinterestsareinawayconnected.55.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist【答案】51.A52.C53.D54.D55.A【分析】本文是議論文。文章論述了要當(dāng)一個多面手，而不是當(dāng)某方面的專家。51.推理判斷題。文章第二段中提到“Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.（成為專家需要對特定的職業(yè)、研究領(lǐng)域的投入。成為專家的缺點(diǎn)是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越多。）”根據(jù)“know…aboutlessandless”可知，要成為一名專家，了解到的知識領(lǐng)域會越來越少，會縮小他的知識范圍。故選A。52.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第三段中提到“Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.…Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight(有些人似乎愿意在他們狹隘的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域夜以繼日地工作?！@些專家可以每天晚上在辦公室工作到十點(diǎn)。)”由此可知，這些專家往往花大部分的時間在工作上。故選C。53.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段中“Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.(這位既是詩人又是哲學(xué)家的醫(yī)生是一位優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，他能給他的病人提供比良好的醫(yī)術(shù)更多的東西。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生可以將其他領(lǐng)域的知識帶到工作中。故選D。54.推理判斷題。文章第五段中提到“Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.（事物之間是有聯(lián)系的。讓你在一個領(lǐng)域的專長激發(fā)你在所有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的熱情。你的一些興趣可能看起來沒有聯(lián)系，但一旦你深入探索，你就會發(fā)現(xiàn)它們是有聯(lián)系的。）”；下文舉出Toni的例子“MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy.（我的編輯Toni也是一位作家，她編輯過幾本歷史書。她已決定學(xué)習(xí)中國歷史。作為一名畫家，她癡迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同時也對更多地了解中國哲學(xué)感興趣。）”由此可以推斷，作者想通過Toni的例子說明看似不相關(guān)的興趣，如果深入探索的話，在某種程度上是有聯(lián)系的。故選D。55.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出觀點(diǎn)“Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.”作者提出即使你是一個專家，也應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個通才；文章第二段提出“Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.”說明成為專家的不足之處是我們常常對越來越少的知識領(lǐng)域了解得越來越深；第四段中提到“Generalists,…,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.”說明當(dāng)通才的優(yōu)點(diǎn)往往對廣泛的學(xué)科了解得很多，并從整體上來看其中的所有的聯(lián)系。作者的觀點(diǎn)是應(yīng)該當(dāng)一個通才。因此文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)為“BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialist（做一個通才，而不是專家）”。故選A。【2019天津卷】WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?We’veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife’shalfwaymark.I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos(自我),whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.Manyofusequate(視……等同于)“commitment”withsuch“caring”occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence—whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore—maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They’velearnedlife’smostvaluablelesson.51.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat________.A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone’screativityB.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone’sgoalC.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfateD.disabilitycannotstopaman’spursuitofsuccess52.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?A.Endone’sstruggleforliberty.B.Wasteone’senergytakingrisks.C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.53.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4？A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.54.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5？A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.55.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage？A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.【答案】51.B52.D53.C54.D55.A【解析】這是一篇議論文，本文講述要成功，就需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣的生活才會有意義。51.推理判斷題。第一段講述塞萬提斯一生不幸，負(fù)債累累，因?yàn)閼?zhàn)爭受傷左手殘疾，同時還身陷囹圄，在53歲的時候決定寫書，最終寫出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根據(jù)后文可知，所有的困境都沒有阻擋他的成功，年齡也是如此，故選B。52.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段I’mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan’tallgetthere.I’mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.可知，作者談?wù)摰牟皇悄切]有到達(dá)巔峰的人，而是談?wù)撃切┎辉賹W(xué)習(xí)成長的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止學(xué)習(xí)，故選D。53.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.可知，我們失去了好奇感，但是如果我們愿意學(xué)習(xí)，機(jī)會無處不在，故可知機(jī)會總是留給那些有好奇心的人，故選C。54.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段Welearntobearwiththethingswecan’tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.可知，我們學(xué)會承受那些無法改變的事情，學(xué)會避免自憐，也學(xué)會了無論我們怎么去取悅別人，有些人是無法喜歡我們的，這個觀點(diǎn)起初讓我們苦惱，但是之后會讓我們釋懷，故可知本段作者告訴我們要學(xué)會使用恰當(dāng)?shù)姆绞絹韺Υ?，故選D。55.主旨大意題。本文講述要成功，就需要不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，這樣的生活才會有意義，故本文作者的目的是為了指導(dǎo)我們過一個有意義的成年人生活，故選A。考點(diǎn)2人與社會型議論文【2024新課標(biāo)I卷】Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no.”Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks–likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage–toonesthatrequirementalabstraction–suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說).”Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies–say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.However,psychologistshavedemonstratedthatwhenadultsreadnewsstories,theyremembermoreofthecontentthaniftheylistentoorviewidenticalpieces.Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?A.Seemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.29.Whatdoestheshallowinghypothesisassume?A.Readerstreatdigitaltextslightly.B.Digitaltextsaresimplertounderstand.C.Peopleselectdigitaltextsrandomly.D.Digitaltextsaresuitableforsocialmedia.30.Whyareaudioandvideoincreasinglyusedbyuniversityteachers?A.Theycanholdstudents’attention.B.Theyaremoreconvenienttoprepare.C.Theyhelpdevelopadvancedskills.D.Theyaremoreinformativethantext.31.Whatdoestheauthorimplyinthelastparagraph?A.Studentsshouldapplymultiplelearningtechniques.B.Teachersshouldproducetheirownteachingmaterial.C.Printtextscannotbeentirelyreplacedineducation.D.Educationoutsidetheclassroomcannotbeignored.【答案】28.D29.A30.A31.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是議論文。主要討論了紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀、音頻和視頻學(xué)習(xí)方式的差異和效果。28.詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.(當(dāng)閱讀幾百字或更多的文本時，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)通常比在屏幕上學(xué)習(xí)更成功。大量的研究證實(shí)了這一發(fā)現(xiàn))”可知，在紙上學(xué)習(xí)更有成效，以及后文“whenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.(當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)人員從提出簡單的任務(wù)(如識別閱讀文章的主旨)轉(zhuǎn)移到需要思維抽象的任務(wù)(如從文本中推斷)時)”推知，此處應(yīng)是表達(dá)“當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者從簡單的任務(wù)轉(zhuǎn)向需要精神抽象的任務(wù)時，紙質(zhì)閱讀的益處就變得顯而易見”之意，所以shinethrough應(yīng)是“顯而易見”之意，和D項(xiàng)意思相近。故選D項(xiàng)。29.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Butequallyimportantisthementalaspect.Readingresearchershaveproposedatheorycalled“shallowinghypothesis(假說)”.Accordingtothistheory,peopleapproachdigitaltextswithamindsetsuitedtosocialmedia,whichareoftennotsoserious,anddevotelessmentaleffortthanwhentheyarereadingprint.(但同樣重要的是精神層面。閱讀研究人員提出了一個名為“shallowinghypothesis”的理論。根據(jù)這一理論，人們以適合社交媒體的心態(tài)接觸數(shù)字文本，這些文本通常不那么嚴(yán)肅，與閱讀印刷品時相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowinghypothesis假設(shè)讀者在閱讀數(shù)字文本時會持有一種輕松的心態(tài)，不會像閱讀紙質(zhì)書籍那樣投入太多的心理努力。故選A項(xiàng)。30.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Audio(音頻)andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies—say,assigninganonlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.(音頻和視頻可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大學(xué)教師越來越多地轉(zhuǎn)向這些技術(shù)，例如分配在線講座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音頻和視頻比文本更能吸引學(xué)生的注意力，所以大學(xué)教師越來越多地使用這些技術(shù)。故選A項(xiàng)。31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Digitaltexts,audioandvideoallhaveeducationalroles,especiallywhenprovidingresourcesnotavailableinprint.However,formaximizinglearningwherementalfocusandreflectionarecalledfor,educatorsshouldn’tassumeallmediaarethesame,evenwhentheycontainidenticalwords.(數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中無法獲得的資源時。然而，為了在需要精神集中和反思的情況下最大限度地學(xué)習(xí)，教育工作者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞)”可知，盡管數(shù)字文本、音頻和視頻在教育中有一定作用，但當(dāng)需要精神集中和反思以最大化學(xué)習(xí)時，教育者不應(yīng)假定所有媒體都是相同的，即使它們包含相同的單詞。這表明作者認(rèn)為紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示紙質(zhì)文本在教育中的重要性。故選C項(xiàng)。【2024全國甲卷】“Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.HesuggestedIthinkaboutthedifferencebetweenendingsthatIwantedforthecharactersandendingsthatwererightforthecharacters,endingsthatsatisfiedthestoryeveniftheydidn’thaveatraditionallypositiveoutcome.Ofcourse,IwouldhavepreferredadifferentendingforTomandMaggieTulliver,buttheendingtheygotdidmakethemostsenseforthem.Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(懸疑小說).OnewhereIkindofknewwhatwasgoingtohappen,historicalfiction.Choosingwhattoreadbecameeasier.Butwritingtheend—that’shard.It’shardforwritersbecauseendingscarrysomuchweightwithreaders.Youhavetobalancecreatinganendingthat'sunpredictable,butdoesn’tseemtocomefromnowhere,onethatfitswhat’srightforthecharacters.That’swhythisissue(期)ofWriter’sDigestaimstohelpyoufigureouthowtowritethebestendingforwhateverkindofwritingyou’redoing.Ifit’sshortstories,PeterMountfordbreaksdownsixtechniquesyoucantrytoseewhichonehelpsyoustickthelanding.ElizabethSimsanalyzesthefinalchaptersoffivegreatnovelstoseewhatkeypointstheyincludeandhowyoucanadaptthemforyourwork.Thisissuewon’ttellyouwhatyourendingshouldbe—that’suptoyouandthestoryyou’retelling—buitmightprovidewhatyouneedtogetthere.32.WhydidtheauthorgotoProf.Gracie?A.Todiscussanovel. B.Tosubmitabookreport.C.Toargueforawriter. D.Toaskforareadinglist.33.WhatdidtheauthorrealizeafterseeingGracie?A.Writingisamatterofpersonalpreferences.B.Readersareoftencarriedawaybycharacter.C.Eachtypeofliteraturehasitsuniqueend.D.Astorywhichbeginswellwillendwell.34.Whatisexpectedofagoodending?AItsatisfiesreaders’taste. B.Itfitswiththestorydevelopment.C.Itisusuallypositive. D.Itisopenforimagination.35.WhydoestheauthormentionPeterMountfordandElizabethSims?A.Togiveexamplesofgreatnovelists. B.Tostressthethemeofthisissue.C.Toencouragewritingforthemagazine. D.Torecommendtheirnewbooks.【答案】32.A33.C34.B35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇議論文。文章首先通過作者與教授關(guān)于小說結(jié)局的討論引發(fā)了對結(jié)局的思考，接著闡述了不同類型的文學(xué)作品結(jié)局的特點(diǎn)，最后提出了寫作好的結(jié)局的重要性并介紹了《Writer’sDigest》雜志如何幫助作家寫出更好的結(jié)尾。32.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段““Ididn’tliketheending,”Isaidtomyfavoritecollegeprofessor.Itwasmyjunioryearofundergraduate,andIwasdoinganindependentstudyonVictorianliterature.IhadjustfinishedreadingTheMillontheFlossbyGeorgeEliot,andIwasheartbrokenwiththeending.Prof.Gracie,withallhispatience,askedmetothinkaboutitbeyondwhetherIlikeditornot.(“我不喜歡這個結(jié)局，”我對我最喜歡的大學(xué)教授說。那是我大三的時候，我正在做一項(xiàng)關(guān)于維多利亞文學(xué)的獨(dú)立研究。我剛剛讀完喬治?艾略特的《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，讀到結(jié)尾我很傷心。格雷西教授耐心地讓我考慮一下，不要只看我喜不喜歡)”可知，作者去找格雷西教授是為了討論小說。故選A項(xiàng)。33.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thiswasanahamomentforme,andIneverthoughtaboutendingsthesamewayagain.Fromthenon,ifIwantedtoreadanendingguaranteedtobehappy,I’dpickupaloveromance.IfIwantedanendingIcouldn’tguess,I’dpickupamystery(懸疑小說).