英語四級-12月真題(一)

2018年12月英語四級真題(一)

PartIWriting(30minutes)

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthechallengesofstartingacareer

aftergraduation.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethanl80words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youuillhearthreenewsrepons.Attheendofeachnewsreport,you

willhearnvoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportaridthenquestionswillbe

spokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfrom

thefoto-choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD3Thenmarkthecorrespondingletterori

AnswerSheetlwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions1and2arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

l.A)Landaspacevehicleonthemoonin2019.

B)Designanewgenerationofmobilephones.

C)Setupamobilephonenetworkonthemoon.

D)Gatherdatafromthenoonwithatinydevice.

2.A)Itisstable.

B)Itisdurable.

C)Itisinexpensive.

D)Itissophisticated.

Questions3and4arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

3.A)Itlastedmorethansixhours.

B)Noinjurieswereyetreported.

C)Nobodywasinthebuildingwhenitbrokeout.

D)Ithadburnedfor45minutesbythetimefirefightersarrived.

4.A)Recruitandtrainmorefirefighters.

B)Pulldownthedesertedshoppingmall.

C)Turntheshoppingmallintoanamusementpark.

D)Findmoneytorenovatethelocalneighborhood.

Questions5and6arebasedonthenewsreportyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Shrinkingpotatofanning.

B)Heavyrelianceonimport.

C)Widespreadplantdisease.

D)Insufficientpotatos呼ply.

6.A)Itintendstokeepitstraditionaldiet.

B)Itwantstoexpanditsownfanning.

C)Itisafraidofthespreadofdisease.

D)Itisworriedaboutunfaircompetition.

7.A)Globalwarning.

B)Ever-risingprices.

C)Govemmentregulation.

D)Diminishinginvestment.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearnvc?longcom'ersations.Attheendofeachcomersation

youMillheco^foio^questions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespoken

onlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Informative.

B)Inspiring.

C)Dull.

D)Shallow.

9.A)Shetypesonakeyboard.

B)Shedoesrecording.

C)Shetakephotos.

D)shetakenotes.

10.A)Itkeepshermindactive.

B)Itmakesherstayawake.

C)Itenableshertothinkhard.

D)Ithelpsherkilltime.

11.A)Itenableshertoimproveherpronunciation.

B)Ithelpsherbetterrememberwhatsheleams.

C)Itturnsouttobeanenjoyablewayofleaming.

D)Itprovestobefarmoreeffectivethanwriting.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Tospendherhoneymoon.

B)TotrvauthenticIndianfood.

C)TotakephotosoftheJajMahaL

D)Totracetheoriginofalovestory.

13.A)Inmemoryofaprincess.

B)Inhonorofagreatemperor.

C)Tomarkthedeathofanemperorofthe1600s.

D)Tocelebratethebirthofaprincess's14thchild.

14.A)Itlooksolderthanexpected.

B)Itisbuiltofwoodandbricks.

C)Itstoreslotsofpricelessantiques.

D)Ithaswallsdecoratedwithjewels.

15.A)Theirstreetsarenarrow.

B)Eachonhasauniquecharacter.

C)Theyaremostlycrowded.

D)Lifecanbetediousinsomeplaces.

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youuill

hearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionwillbespokenonly

once.Jfteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefour

choicesmarkedA),B)fC)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswer

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions16to18arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theyhelpspreadthelatesttechnology.

B)Theygreatlyenrichpeople'sleisurelife.

C)Theyprovideresidentswiththe

D)Theyallowfreeaccesstodigitalbooksandvideos.

17.A)Byhelpingthemfindjobs.

B)Bykeepingthemoffthestreets.

C)Byinspiringtheircreativity，

D)Byprovidingaplaceofrelaxation.

18.A)Theirinteractionwithteenagersprovedfruitful.

B)Theyusedlibrarieslessoftenthanteenagers.

C)Theytendedtovisitlibrariesregularly.

D)Theirnumberincreasedmodestly.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Itisthecleverestcatintheworld.

B)Itisanunusualcrossbreed.

C)ItisthelargestcatinAfrica.

D)Itisalarge-sizedwildcat.

2O.A)Theyareasloyalasdoges.

B)Theyarefondofsleepingincabinets.

C)Theyhaveunusuallylongtails.

D)Theyknowhowtopleasetheirowners.

21.A)Theyshaketheirfrontpaws.

B)Theyshowerwiththem.

C)Theyteachthemtodive.

D)Theyshoutatthem.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Contentedandrelieved.

B)Anxiousanddepressed.

C)Proudbutabitnervous.

D)Excitedbutsomewhatsad.

23.A)Itstartsthemomenttheyareborn.

B)Itdependsontheirparentsforsuccess.

C)Itisgainingincreasingpublicattention.

D)Itisbecomingparents：biggestconcern.

24.A)Choosetherightschoolforthem.

B)Helpthemtoleambythemselves.

C)Readbooksandmagazinestothem.

D)Setagoodexampleforthemtofollow.

25.A)Theirintelligence.

B)Theirhomelife.

C)Thequalityoftheirschool.

D)Theefforttheyputinlearning.

PartUIReadingComprehension(40minutes)

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblank

fromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefully

beforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthe

correspondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmay

notuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Millionsdieearlyfromairpollutioneachyear.Airpollutioncoststheglobaleconomymorethan$5

trillionannuallyinwelfarecosts,withthemostserious26occurringinthedevelopingworld.

Thefiguresincludeanumberofcosts27withairpollution.Lostincomealoneamountsto$225

billionayear.

Thereportincludesbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.Indoorpollution,whichincludes28like

homeheatingandcooking,hasremained29overthepastseveraldecadesdespiteadvancesinthe

area.Levelsofoutdoorpollutionhavegrownrapidlyalongwithrapidgrowthinindustryand

transportation.

DirectorofInstituteforHealthMetricsandEvaluationChrisMurray30itasan“urgentcalltoaction.

“Oneoftheriskfactorsforprematuredeathsistheairwebreathe,overwhichindividualshavelittle

31hesaid.

Theeffectsofairpollutionareworstinthedevelopingworld,whereinsomeplaceslost-laborincome

32nearly1%ofGDP.Around9in10peopleinlow-andmiddle-incomecountriesliveinplaceswhere

they33experiencedangerouslevelsofoutdoorairpollution.

Buttheproblemisnotlimited34_tothedevelopingworld.ThousandsdieprematurelyintheU.S.asa

resultofrelatedillnesses.InmanyEuropeancountries,wherediesel(柴油)35havebecomemore

commoninrecentyears,thatnumberreachestensofthousands.

A)abilityl)exclusively

B)associatedJ)innovated

C)consciouslyK)regularly

D)constantL)relates

E)controlM)sources

F)damageN)undermine

G)describedO)vehicles

H)equals

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoeach

statementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichthe

informationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwitha

letter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.

Food-as-MedicineMovementIsWitnessingProgress

[A]Severaltimesamonth,youcanfindadoctorintheaislesofRalph'smarketinHuntingtonBeach,

California,wearingawhitecoatandhelpingpeoplelearnaboutfood.Ononerecentday,thisdoctor

wasDanielNadeau,wanderingthecerealaislewithAllisonScott,givinghersomeideaonhowtofeed

kidswhopersistentlyavoidanythingthatishealthy."Haveyouthoughtabouttryingfreshjuicesinthe

morning?”heasksher."Thefrozenorangesandapplesarealittlecheaper,andfruitsarereallygood

forthebrain.Juicesarequickandeasytoprepare,youcantakethefrozenfruitoutthenightbefore

andhaveitreadythenextmorning.”

[B]ScottisdelightedtogetfoodadvicefromaphysicianwhoisprogramdirectorofthenearbyMary

andDickAllenDiabetesCenter,partoftheSt.JosephHoagHealthalliance.Thecenter?s'Shopwith

YourDoc'programsendsdoctorstothegrocerystoretomeetwithanypatientswhosignupforthe

service,plusanyothershopperswhohappentobearoundwithquestions.

[C]Nadeaunoticesthepre-mademacaroni（通，心粉）-and-cheeseboxesinScott'sshoppingcartand

suggestssheswitchtowholegrainmacaroniandrealcheese."SoI'dhavetomakeit?”sheasks,her

enthusiasmfadingatthethoughtofhowlongthatmighttake,justtohaveherkidsrejectit.’Tmnot

surethey'deatit.Theyjustwonyteatit.v

[D]Nadeausayssugarandprocessedfoodsarebigcontributorstotherisingdiabetesratesamong

children."InAmerica,over50percentofourfoodisprocessedfood,“Nadeautellsher."Andonly5

percentofourfoodisplant-basedfood.Ithinkweshouldtrytoreversethat."Scottagreestotrymore

fruitjuicesforthekidsandtomakerealmacaroniandcheese.Scoreonepointforthedoctor;zerofor

diabetes.

[E]NadeauispartofasmallrevolutiondevelopingacrossCalifornia.Thefood-as-medicinemovement

hasbeenaroundfordecades,butit'smakingprogressasphysiciansandmedicalinstitutionsmake

foodaformalpartoftreatment,ratherthanrelyingsolelyonmedications（藥物）.Byprescribing

nutritionalchangesorlaunchingprogramssuchas'ShopwithyourDoc,,theyaretryingtoprevent,

limitorevenreversediseasebychangingwhatpatientseat."There'snoquestionpeoplecantake

thingsalongwaytowardreversingdiabetes,reversinghighbloodpressure,evenpreventingcancerby

foodchoices,“Nadeausays.

[F]Inthebigpicture,saysDr.RichardAfabIe,CEOandpresidentofST.JosephHoagHealth,medical

institutionsacrossthestatearestartingtomakeaphilosophicalswitchtobecomingahealth

organization,notjustahealthcareorganization.ThatfeelingechoesthebeliefsoftheTherapeutic

FoodPantryprogramatZuckerbergSanFranciscoGeneralHospital,whichcompleteditspilotphase

andisabouttoexpandonanongoingbasistofiveclinicsitesthroughoutthecity.Theprogramwill

offerpatientsseveralbagsoffoodprescribedfortheircondition,alongwithintensivetraininginhowto

cookit."Wereallywanttolinkfoodandmedicine,andnotjustgiveawayfood,“saysDr.RitaNguyen,

thehospitaTsmedicaldirectorofHealthyFoodInitiatives."Wewantpeopletounderstandwhatthey'

reeating,howtoprepareit,therolefoodplaysintheirlives.”

[G]InSouthernCalifornia,LomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicineisofferingspecializedtrainingfor

itsresidentphysiciansinLifestyleMedicine——thatisaformalspecialtyinusingfoodtotreatdisease.

Researchfindingsincreasinglyshowthepoweroffoodtotreatorreversediseases,butthatdoesnot

meanthatdietaloneisalwaysthesolution,orthateveryillnesscanbenefitsubstantiallyfromdietary

changes.Nonetheless,physicianssaythattheylookatthecollectivedataandaclearpictureemerges:

thatthesalt,sugar,fatandprocessedfoodsintheAmericandietcontributetothenation'shighrates

ofobesity,diabetesandheartdisease.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,80percentof

deathsfromheartdiseaseandstrokearecausedbyhighbloodpressure,tobaccouse,elevated

cholesterolandlowconsumptionoffruitsandvegetables.

[H]"It'sadifferentparadigm（范式）ofhowtotreatdisease/*saysDr.BrendaRea,whohelpsrunthe

familyandpreventivemedicineresidencyprogramatLomaLindaUniversitySchoolofMedicine.The

lifestylemedicinespecialtyisdesignedtotraindoctorsinhowtopreventandtreatdisease,inpart,by

changingpatients'nutritionalhabits.ThemedicalcenterandschoolatLomaLindaalsohasafood

cupboardandkitchenforpatients.Thisway,patientsnotonlylearnaboutwhichfoodstobuy,butalso

howtopreparethemathome.

[I]Manypeopledon,tknowhowtocook,Reasays,andtheyonlyknowhowtoheatthingsup.That

meansdependingonpackagedfoodwithhighsaltandsugarcontent.Soteachingpeopleaboutwhich

foodsarehealthyandhowtopreparethem,shesays,canactuallytransformapatientJslife.And

beyondthat,itmighttransformthehealthandlivesofthatpatient'sfamily.uWhatpeopleeatcanbe

medicineorpoison,“Reasays."Asaphysician,nutritionisoneofthemostpowerfulthingsyoucan

changetoreversetheeffectsoflong-termdisease.”

[J]Studieshaveexploredevidencethatdietarychangescanslowinflammation卜炎癥），forexample,or

makethebodyinhospitabletocancercells.Ingeneral,manylifestylemedicinephysiciansrecommenda

plant-baseddiet——particularlyforpeoplewithdiabetesorotherinflammatoryconditions.

[K]"Aswhathappenedwithtobacco,thiswillrequireaculturalshift,butthatcanhappen,“says

Nguyen."Inthesamewayphysiciansusedtosmoke,andthenstoppedsmokingandwereabletotalk

topatientsaboutit,Ithinkphysicianscanhaveabiggervoiceinit.”

36.MorethanhalfofthefoodAmericanseatisfactory-produced.

37.Thereisaspecialprogramthatassignsdoctorstogiveadvicetoshoppersinfoodstores.

38.Thereisgrowingevidencefromresearchthatfoodhelpspatientsrecoverfromvariousillnesses.

39.Ahealthybreakfastcanbepreparedquicklyandeasily.

40.Trainingapatienttopreparehealthyfoodcanchangetheirlife.

41.Onefood-as-medicineprogramnotonlyprescribesfoodfortreatmentbutteachespatientshowto

cookit.

42.Scottisnotkeenoncookingfoodherseltthinkingitwouldsimplybeawasteoftime.

43.Diabetespatientsareadvisedtoeatmoreplant-basedfood.

44.Usingfoodasmedicineisnonovelidea,butthemovementismakingheadwaythesedays.

45.Americans'highratesofvariousillnessesresultfromthewaytheyeat.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Youshould

decideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingleline

throughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Californiahasbeenfacingadroughtformanyyearsnow,withcertainareasevenhavingtopump

freshwaterhundredsofmilestotheirdistributionsystem.Theproblemisgrowingasthepopulationof

thestatecontinuestoexpand.Newresearchhasfounddeepwaterreservesunderthestatewhich

couldhelpsolvetheirdroughtcrisis.Previousdrillingofwellscouldonlyreachdepthsof1,000feet,but

duetonewpumpingpractices,waterdeeperthanthiscannowbeextracted（抽?。?Theteamat

Stanfordinvestigatedtheaquifers（地下蓄水層）belowthisdepthandfoundthatreservesmaybetriple

whatwaspreviouslythought.

Itisprofitabletodrilltodepthsmorethanl7000feetforoilandgasextraction,butonlyrecentlyin

Californiahasitbecomeprofitabletopumpwaterfromthisdepth.Theaquifersrangefrom1,000to

3,000feetbelowtheground,whichmeansthatpumpingwillbeexpensiveandthereareother

concerns.Thebiggestconcernofpumpingoutwaterfromthisdeepinthegradualsettlingdownofthe

landsurface.Asthewaterispumpedout,thevacantspaceleftiscompactedbytheweightoftheearth

above.

Eventhoughpumpingfromthesedepthsisexpensive,itisstillcheaperthandesalinating(脫鹽)the

oceanwaterinthelargelycoastalstate.Somedesalinationplantsexistwherefeasible,buttheyare

costlytorunandcanneedconstantrepairs.Wellsaremuchmorereliablesourcesoffreshwater;and

Californiaishopingthatthesedeepwellsmaybetheanswertotheirseverewatershortage.

Oneproblemwiththesesourcesisthatthedeepwateralsohasahigherlevelofsaltthanshallower

aquifers.Thismeansthatsomewellsmayevenneedtoundergodesalinationafterextraction,thus

increasingthecost.Researchfromtheexhaustivestudyofgroundwaterfromover950drillinglogshas

justbeenpublished.Newestimatesofthewaterreservesnowgoupto2,700billioncubicmetersof

freshwater.

46.HowcouldCalifornia'sdroughtcrisisbesolvedaccordingtosomeresearchers?

A)Bybuildingmorereservesofgroundwater.

B)Bydrawingwaterfromthedepthsoftheearth.

C)Bydevelopingmoreadvanceddrillingdevices.

D)Byupgradingitswaterdistributionsystem.

47.Whatcanbeinferredaboutextractingwaterfromdeepaquifers?

A)Itwasdeemedvitaltosolvingthewaterproblem.

B)Itwasnotconsideredworththeexpense.

C)Itmaynotprovidequalityfreshwater.

D)Itisboundtogainsupportfromthelocalpeople.

48.Whatismentionedasaconsequenceofextractingwaterfromdeepunderground?

A)Thesinkingoflandsurface.C)Thedamagetoaquifers.

B)Theharmtotheecosystem.D)Thechangeoftheclimate.

49.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutdeepwells?

A)Theyrunwithoutanyneedforrepairs.

B)Theyareentirelyfreefrompollutants.

C)Theyaretheultimatesolutiontodroughts.

D)Theyprovideasteadysupplyoffreshwater.

50.Whatmayhappenwhendeepaquifersareusedaswatersources?

A)People'shealthmayimprovewithcleanerwater.

B)People'swaterbillsmaybeloweredconsiderably.

C)Thecostmaygoupduetodesalination.

D)Theymaybeexhaustedsoonerorlater.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheAlphaGoprogram'svictoryisanexampleofhowsmartcomputershavebecome.

Butcanartificialintelligence(Al)machinesactethically,meaningcantheybehonestandfair?

OneexampleofAlisdriverlesscars.TheyarealreadyonCaliforniaroads,soitisnottoosoontoask

whetherwecanprogramamachinetoactethically.Asdriverlesscarsimprove,theywillsavelives.

Theywillmakefewermistakesthanhumandriversdo.Sometimes,however;theywillfaceachoice

betweenlives.Shouldthecarsbeprogrammedtoavoidhittingachildrunningacrosstheroad,evenif

thatwillputtheirpassengersatrisk?Whataboutmakingasuddenturntoavoidadog?Whatifthe

onlyriskisdamagetothecaritself,nottothepassengers?

Perhapstherewillbelessonstolearnfromdriverlesscars,buttheyarenotsuper-intelligentbeings.

Teachingethicstoamachineevenmoreintelligentthanwearewillbethebiggerchallenge.

AboutthesametimeasAlphaGoJstriumph,Microsoft*s'chatbot'tookabadturn.Thesoftware,

namedTaylor,wasdesignedtoanswermessagesfrompeopleaged18-24.Taylorwassupposedtobe

abletolearnfromthemessagesshereceived.Shewasdesignedtoslowlyimproveherabilitytohandle

conversations,butsomepeoplewereteachingTaylorracistideas.Whenshestartedsayingnicethings

aboutHitler,Microsoftturnedheroffanddeletedherugliestmessages.

AlphaGo,svic