天津?qū)Ｓ脤酶呖加⒄Z一輪復習專題十六推理判斷課件

專題十六推理判斷高考英語

(天津市專用)五年高考A組自主命題·天津卷題組Group1Passage1(2019天津夏,C)詞數(shù):379Howdoesanecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthe

waytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshave

builtmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Most

foodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator

(掠食動物)alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey(獵物),thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;

whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedby

manyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneat

severalspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction(滅絕)ofoneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveon

toanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesesrare,theswitchallowstheo-

riginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanothertoextinc-

tion.Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposed

thatpredatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopula-

tionsofotherspecies—includingspeciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobe

true.Intheocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,we

killedofflargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbal-

ance.Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystem

wouldtelluswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownor

wouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientists

say,becauseonceecosystemspasstheirtippingpoint(臨界點),itisremarkablydifficultforthem

toreturn.

1.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.2.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator

.A.hasawidefoodchoiceB.caneasilyfindnewpreyC.stickstoonepreyspeciesD.canquicklymovetoanotherplace3.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodwebgreatlydecline?A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.4.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.5.Howdoesanearly-warningsystemhelpusmaintaintheecologicalbalance?A.Bygettingillegalpracticesundercontrol.B.Bystoppingusfromkillinglargepredators.C.Bybringingthebroken-downecosystemsbacktonormal.D.Bysignalingtheurgentneedfortakingpreventiveaction.答案[語篇解讀]本文為說明文,主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為自然環(huán)境。地球上的生態(tài)

系統(tǒng)是如何運轉(zhuǎn)的呢?物種之間有的關(guān)系非常緊密,有的關(guān)系疏遠,科學家用數(shù)學模型來弄清

生態(tài)系統(tǒng)運轉(zhuǎn)的奧秘。本文有助于培養(yǎng)學生的思維品質(zhì)。1.B細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:在食物網(wǎng)數(shù)學模型的幫助下科學家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了什么?第

二段第一句話(利用這種模型,科學家們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些在食物網(wǎng)運行過程中的關(guān)鍵原則)與B

項(影響生態(tài)系統(tǒng)食物網(wǎng)的規(guī)則)相符,故選B項。A:在食物網(wǎng)中物種的生活習慣。C:研究生態(tài)

系統(tǒng)中物種的方法。D:食物網(wǎng)中關(guān)系疏遠和關(guān)系緊密的區(qū)別。2.C細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:當一個捕食者

,我們會從兩個物種之間找到一個緊

密的關(guān)系。第二段第三句話(當一個捕食者總是大量吃一種獵物的時候,這兩個物種之間就建

立起了緊密的關(guān)系)與C項(堅持吃一個物種的獵物)相符,故選C項。A:有廣泛的食物選擇。B:

能很容易找到新的獵物。D:能很快遷徙到另一個地方。3.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:如果食物網(wǎng)頂端的捕食者數(shù)量大量減少,會發(fā)生什么事?根

據(jù)第三段第一句(數(shù)學模型也揭示出食物網(wǎng)可能不穩(wěn)定,頂端的捕食者的小小變化都會給整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)帶來巨大影響)可知,當食物網(wǎng)頂端的捕食者數(shù)量大幅度減少時,食物網(wǎng)中的其他物

種的數(shù)量會受到意想不到的影響,故選D項。A:它們直接捕食的獵物物種會滅絕。文中沒有

提及會滅絕,排除A項。B:它們不直接捕食的物種會變成頂端捕食者。C:其他物種的生活環(huán)

境會保持不變。4.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:從第四段的例子中我們可以得出什么結(jié)論?第四段中以人

類在海洋中捕食頂端捕食者鱈魚和在陸地上大量殺死頂端捕食者狼為例來解釋說明第一句

話。結(jié)合Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.可知A項(不受控制的人類活

動極大地打亂了生態(tài)系統(tǒng))與此相符,故選A項。B:快速的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展威脅到了動物的棲息地。

C:具有商業(yè)價值的物種控制了其他物種。D:工業(yè)活動有助于保持食物網(wǎng)穩(wěn)定。這三項文中

均沒有信息提及。5.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:一個早期的警報系統(tǒng)會如何幫助我們保持生態(tài)平衡?根據(jù)

最后一段的描述:這套預(yù)警系統(tǒng)可以告訴我們什么時候調(diào)整將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰的人類活動

或甚至能將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)從崩潰邊緣拉回。預(yù)防是關(guān)鍵,一旦生態(tài)系統(tǒng)超過了臨界點那就非常難

恢復了。D項(這套系統(tǒng)通過發(fā)出緊急信號來讓我們采取預(yù)防措施)與此相符,故選D項。A:通過控制非法行為。B:通過阻止我們捕殺大型捕食者。這兩項文中沒有信息提及。C:通過把

遭到破壞的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)拉回到正常狀態(tài)。預(yù)警系統(tǒng)本身不能做到這一點,它只能給人類發(fā)出信

號。難句分析原句:Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmall

changesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.分析:本句是一個主從復合句。逗號前面部分是句子的主句。逗號后是關(guān)系副詞where引導的

非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞foodwebs。譯文:數(shù)學模型也揭示出食物網(wǎng)可能是不穩(wěn)定的。在食物網(wǎng)中頂端捕食者的小小的變化會對

整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。Passage2(2019天津春,D)詞數(shù):399WhenIgraduatedfromhighschool,Iwantedtomajorincomparativeliterature.But,onceIfound

outmyfriendsweregoinginto“real”majors,likemarketing,nursing,andengineering,Ifigured

Ineededtodothesametoensureagoodcareer.SoIchangedmymindandchoseBusinessMan-

agementasmymajor.IforcedmyselftobelievethatIwouldenjoyitandsucceedinthefuture,but

eventuallyIexhaustedmyselfunderstandingtheeconomyandtryingnewmarketingtechniques.

Comingoutofthisexperience,Irealizeitisoktobedifferentfromothersandtostudythingslike

classics,arthistoryandothermajorsofferedintheCollegeofHumanities(人文學科)!TheworriesmostpeoplehaveaboutaHumanitiesdegreeandfindingacareerafterwardsarethat

themajorsaretooabstract,andonewillnotobtainanyapplicableskills.Actuallyideasdiscussedin

Humanitiesclasses,whichareoccasionallydifferentfromwhatpeoplecommonlybelieve,offera

broadperspective(視角).Howcouldoneeffectivelybeanunbiased(無偏見的)writerwithonlya

knowledgeofthepopularopinionofsociety?Howcouldonespeakpersuasivelywithclosed

minds?Onlyseeingtheworldthroughasingleperspectiveleadstomissedlearning,missedfriend-ships,andmissedgrowth!Withabroaderperspective,wewillbemorefree,moreopen-minded,

andlesslimitedinwhatwecane!STEM(science,technology,engineering,andmathematics)graduateslearnactualskillsintheir

studies,whilehumanitiesmajorslearn“softskills”likecommunicatingeffectivelythroughwrit-

ingcriticallyandspeakingpersuasively,synthesizing(綜合)ideasthroughgatheringandinterpret-

inginformation,anddevelopingculturalawareness.Dothosesoftskillssounduselessandinappli-

cabletoyou?Thinkofit.Howoftendoyoucommunicatewithothers?Produceideas?Encounter

peoplefromothercultures?Everyday.EverySECONDofeveryday.Sowhynotmasterthese

skills?IfyouchooseamajorintheCollegeofHumanities,youwillbeneeded.Thejobmarketisquietly

creatingthousandsofopeningsaweekforpeoplewhocanbringahumanist'sgracetoourrapidly

evolvinghigh-techfuture.Yourskillswillbevaluabletoanyworkplaceyouhopetobein.Chaseaf-

teryourdreammajorwithallyourenergy,nomatterwhatotherpeoplethink.1.WhydidtheauthorchooseBusinessManagementashismajoratfirst?A.Hewastiredoflearningcomparativeliterature.B.Hecametoenjoylearningmarketingtechniques.C.Hewantedtogotothesameuniversityashisfriends.D.HebelievedBusinessManagementwasmorepractical.2.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisapossiblewaytogainabroadperspective?A.Makingmorefriendsandlearningfromthem.B.Exchangingideasinaphilosophyseminar.C.Openingyourmindtofuturepossibilities.D.Gettingtoknowthepopularopinionofsociety.3.Inwhichofthefollowingsituationsdosoftskillsplaythemostimportantrole?A.Writingasoftwareprogram.B.Performingaheartoperation.C.Playingamusicalinstrument.D.Negotiatingwithabusinesspartner.4.TheauthorbelievesthejobmarketforHumanitiesgraduatesis

.A.recoveringB.depressingC.promisingD.challenging5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.SticktoYourDesiredMajorB.BroadenYourPerspectiveC.HowtoAcquireSoftSkillsD.Humanitiesvs.STEM答案[語篇解讀]本文為夾敘夾議文。文章通過講述作者自己專業(yè)選擇及學習的經(jīng)歷,并論述人

文學科的特色和優(yōu)勢,告訴人們不管別人怎么想,要用所有的精力去追求自己夢想的專業(yè)。1.D細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的But,onceIfoundoutmyfriendsweregoinginto“real”

majors,likemarketing,nursing,andengineering,IfiguredIneededtodothesametoensurea

goodcareer.SoIchangedmymindandchoseBusinessManagementasmymajor.(但是,當我發(fā)現(xiàn)

我的朋友們正在進入“真正的”專業(yè),比如營銷、護理和工程,我想我需要做同樣的事情來確

保一個好的職業(yè)生涯。所以我改變了主意,選擇了商業(yè)管理作為我的專業(yè))可知,作者選擇商

業(yè)管理專業(yè)是因為他認為商業(yè)管理、更實用。故D選項正確。2.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的ActuallyideasdiscussedinHumanitiesclasses,whichare

occasionallydifferentfromwhatpeoplecommonlybelieve,offerabroadperspective.(實際上,人

文學科課堂上討論的有時與人們通常認為的有所不同的觀點,提供了一個廣闊的視角)可知,

作者認為交換意見可以獲得更加全面的觀點。故B選項正確。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的whilehumanitiesmajorslearn“softskills”likecommu-nicatingeffectivelythroughwritingcriticallyandspeakingpersuasively,synthesizingideas

throughgatheringandinterpretinginformation,anddevelopingculturalawareness.(人文專業(yè)的學

生學習“軟技能”,比如通過批判性寫作和有說服力的講話來有效溝通,通過收集和解釋信息

來綜合思想,培養(yǎng)文化意識)可知,學習軟技能包括學習溝通技巧。而在與商業(yè)伙伴談判時,需

要很好的溝通技巧,所以軟技能會扮演著最重要的角色。故D選項正確。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Thejobmarketisquietlycreatingthousandsofopenings

aweekforpeoplewhocanbringahumanist'sgracetoourrapidlyevolvinghigh-techfuture.(就業(yè)

市場正悄然每周為那些能夠為我們快速發(fā)展的高科技未來帶來人文主義優(yōu)雅的人創(chuàng)造數(shù)千

個職位空缺)可知,作者認為人文專業(yè)畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)市場前景廣闊。故C選項正確。5.A主旨大意題。全文最后一段是中心段落,根據(jù)全文以及Chaseafteryourdreammajorwith

allyourenergy,nomatterwhatotherpeoplethink.(不管別人怎么想,用你所有的精力去追求你

的夢想專業(yè))可知,作者想號召人們堅持你渴望的專業(yè)。因此,A項“堅持自己渴望的專業(yè)”適

合做本文最佳標題。故A選項正確。Passage3(2018天津夏,B)詞數(shù):407WhenIwas17,IreadamagazinearticleaboutamuseumcalledtheMcNay,oncethehomeofa

watercoloristnamedMarianMcNay.Shehadrequestedthecommunitytoturnitintoamuseum

uponherdeath.OnasunnySaturday,SallyandIdroveovertothemuseum.Sheasked,“Doyou

havetheaddress?”“No,butI'llrecognizeit,therewasapictureinthemagazine.”“Oh,stop.Thereitis!”Themuseumwasfree.Weentered,excited.Agroupofpeoplesittinginthehallstoppedtalkingand

staredatus.“MayIhelpyou?”amanasked.“No,”Isaid.“We'refine.”Tourguidesgotonmynerves.

Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?Sallyhadgoneup-

stairs.Thepeopleinthehallseemedverynosy(愛窺探的),keepingtheireyesonmewithcuriosity.

Whatwastheirproblem?Isawsomenicesculpturesinoneroom.SuddenlyIsensedamanstanding

behindme.“Wheredoyouthinkyouare?”heasked.Iturnedsharply.“TheMcNayArtMuse-

um!”Hesmiled,shakinghishead.“Sorry,theMcNayisonNewBraunfelsStreet.”“What'sthisplace?”Iasked,stillconfused.“Well,it'sourhome.”Myheartjolted(震顫).Iracedtothe

staircaseandcalledout,“Sally!Comedownimmediately!”“There'ssomereallygoodstuff(藝術(shù)作品)upthere.”Shesteppeddown,lookingconfused.I

pushedhertowardthefrontdoor,wavingatthefamily,saying,“Sorry,pleaseforgiveus,you

haveareallyniceplace.”O(jiān)utside,whenItoldSallywhathappened,shecoveredhermouth,

laughing.Shecouldn'tbelievehowlongtheyletuslookaroundwithoutsayinganything.TherealMcNaywassplendid,butwefeltnervousthewholetimewewerethere.VanGogh,Picas-

so.Thistime,westayedtogether,incaseanythingelseunusualhappened.Thirtyyearslater,awomanapproachedmeinapublicplace.“Excuseme,didyoueverentera

residence,longago,thinkingitwastheMcNayMuseum?”“Yes.Buthowdoyouknow?Wenevertoldanyone.”“Thatwasmyhome.Iwasateenagersittinginthehall.Beforeyoucameover,Ineverrealized

whatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.Youthoughtitwasamuseum.Myfeel-

ingsaboutmyhomechangedafterthat.I'vealwayswantedtothankyou.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutMarianMcNay?A.Shewasapainter.B.Shewasacommunityleader.C.Shewasamuseumdirector.D.Shewasajournalist.2.Whydidtheauthorrefusethehelpfromthemaninthehouse?A.Shedislikedpeoplewhowerenosy.B.Shefeltnervouswhentalkingtostrangers.C.Sheknewmoreaboutartthantheman.D.Shemistookhimforatourguide.3.Howdidtheauthorfeelaboutbeingstaredatbythepeopleinthehall?A.Puzzled.B.Concerned.C.Frightened.D.Delighted.4.WhydidtheauthordescribetherealMcNaymuseuminjustafewwords?A.Therealmuseumlackedenoughartworktointeresther.B.Shewastooupsettospendmuchtimeattherealmuseum.C.TheMcNaywasdisappointingcomparedwiththehouse.D.Theeventhappeninginthehousewasmoresignificant.5.Whatcouldwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Peopleshouldhavegoodtastetoenjoylife.B.Peopleshouldspendmoretimewiththeirfamily.C.Peopletendtobeblindtothebeautyaroundthem.D.Peopletendtoeducateteenagersatamuseum.答案[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文。30年前,作者和朋友去參觀一家博物館,由于不知道具體地址誤

入別人的家,主人對她們的到來感到很困惑,而作者對主人的表現(xiàn)也感到很困惑……。30年后,

作者與房主的女兒偶遇,得知自己曾經(jīng)的誤入使她意識到人們不該對身邊的美視而不見。1.A細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:對于MarianMcNay我們了解什么?根據(jù)第一段中“oncethe

homeofawatercoloristnamedMarianMcNay(曾經(jīng)是一個名叫MarianMcNay的水彩畫畫家的

家)”可知MarianMcNay是一名畫家,故答案為A項。2.D細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:作者為什么拒絕房子里的男人的幫助?根據(jù)第四段中

“Tourguidesgotonmynerves.(導游總會使我感到心煩)”可知,作者當時之所以拒絕其幫助

是因為她誤認為那個男人是導游,故答案為D項。A:她不喜歡愛窺探的人;B:當與陌生人講話

時她會感到緊張;C:她比那個男人對藝術(shù)了解得更多。3.A推理判斷題。本題題干意為:在被大廳中的人們盯著看時,作者感覺怎么樣?根據(jù)第四段

中作者心里想的話“Whatwastheirproblem?”可知,作者當時感到很困惑(Puzzled),故答案為

A項。B:擔心的;C:害怕的;D:高興的。4.D推理判斷題。本題題干意為:為什么作者只用了一點兒文字描述真正的McNay博物館?

根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段中的內(nèi)容可推知:作者誤入別人家這件事使她在參觀真正的McNay博物館時

一直感到很緊張,擔心再出現(xiàn)什么意外。由此可知在那個房子里發(fā)生的事更重要,故答案為D

項。A:真正的博物館沒有足夠的藝術(shù)作品使她感興趣;B:她感到非常不安而不能在那家真正

的博物館中待很長時間;C:與那個房子相比,McNay博物館令人失望。5.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:從最后一段我們能得知什么?根據(jù)最后一段中的Ineverre-

alizedwhatabeautifulplaceIlivedin.Ineverfeltluckybefore.可知:人們往往會對身邊的美視而

不見,故答案為C項。高級語塊

getonone'snerves煩擾某人incase以防難句分析原句:Whatiftheytalkedalongtimeaboutapaintingyouweren'tthatinterestedin?分析:本句使用了常用句型“Whatif...?”。此外youweren'tthatinterestedin為省略關(guān)系

詞的定語從句,修飾先行詞painting。譯文:如果他們對于一幅你不那么感興趣的畫談很長時間怎么辦呢?Passage4(2018天津夏,D)詞數(shù):367Giveyourselfatest.Whichwayisthewindblowing?Howmanykindsofwildflowerscanbeseen

fromyourfrontdoor?Ifyourawarenessisassharpasitcouldbe,you'llhavenotroubleanswering

thesequestions.Mostofusobservedmuchmoreaschildrenthanwedoasadults.Achild'sdayisfilledwithfasci-

nation,newnessandwonder.Curiositygaveusallanaturalawareness.Butdistinctionsthatwere

sharptousaschildreneunclear;wearenumb(麻木的)tonewstimulation(刺激),newideas.

Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespracticeandre-

quiresbreakingsomebadhabits.Thefirststepinawakeningsensesistostoppredictingwhatwearegoingtoseeandfeelbeforeit

occurs.Thisblocksawareness.OnechillynightwhenIwashikingintheRockyMountainswith

somestudents,Imentionedthatweweregoingtocrossamountainstream.Thestudentsbegan

complainingabouthowcolditwouldbe.Wereachedthestream,andtheyunwillinglywalkeda-

head.Theywerealmostknee-deepwhentheyrealizeditwasahotspring.Latertheyalladmittedthey'dfeltcoldwateratfirst.Anotherblocktoawarenessistheobsession(癡迷)manyofushavewithnamingthings.Isawbird

watcherswhospottedabird,immediatelylookeditupinfieldguides,andsaid,a“ruby-crowned

kinglet”andcheckeditoff.Theynolongerpaidattentiontothebirdandneverlearnedwhatitwas

doing.Thepressuresof“time”and“destination”arefurtherblockstoawareness.Iencounteredmany

hikerswhowereheadedtoadistantcamp-groundwithjustenoughtimetogettherebeforedark.It

seldomoccurredtothemtowanderabit,totakeamomenttoseewhat'saroundthem.Iaskedthem

whatthey'dseen.“Oh,afewbirds,”theysaid.Theyseemedbentontheirdestinations.Natureseemstounfoldtopeoplewhowatchandwait.Nexttimeyoutakeawalk,nomatterwhere

itis,takeinallthesights,soundsandsensations.Wanderinthisframeofmindandyouwillopena

newdimensiontoyourlife.1.AccordingtoParagraph2,comparedwithadults,childrenaremore

.A.anxioustodowondersB.sensitivetoothers'feelingsC.likelytodevelopunpleasanthabitsD.eagertoexploretheworldaroundthem2.WhatideadoestheauthorconveyinParagraph3?A.Toavoidjumpingtoconclusions.B.Tostopcomplainingallthetime.C.Tofollowtheteacher'sadvice.D.Toadmitmistakeshonestly.3.Thebirdwatchers'behaviorshowsthatthey

.A.areverypatientintheirobservationB.arereallyfascinatedbynatureC.careonlyaboutthenamesofbirdsD.questiontheaccuracyofthefieldguides4.Whydothehikerstakenonoticeofthesurroundingsduringthejourney?A.Thenaturalbeautyisn'tattractivetothem.B.Theyfocusonarrivingatthecampintime.C.Theforestinthedarkisdangerousforthem.D.Theyarekeentoseerarebirdsatthedestination.5.Inthepassage,theauthorintendstotellusweshould

.A.filloursensestofeelthewondersoftheworldB.getridofsomebadhabitsinourdailylifeC.openourmindtonewthingsandideasD.tryourbesttoprotectnature答案[語篇解讀]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與孩子相比,成人對周圍事物的感知能力更差。如何才能喚醒這種感

知能力呢?文章舉例說明并對此給出了答案。1.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中孩子和成年人的對比可知,大部分人在孩提時代更善于觀

察,每天都充滿魅力、新奇與驚奇,好奇心使我們每個人都具有一種天生的感知能力。但是那

些對小時候的我們來說很明顯的差別變得模糊了,我們對新刺激、新觀點變得麻木了。由此

可推斷,與成年人相比,在好奇心的驅(qū)使下,孩子更渴望去探索周圍的世界。2.A推理判斷題。本段開頭指出,要喚醒關(guān)注周圍環(huán)境的意識首先不要預(yù)測自己會看到什

么、會感受到什么,這會妨礙我們的感知能力。而且作者用實際的例子證明了這個觀點,故推

斷出A項符合作者的觀點,意為“要避免貿(mào)然下結(jié)論”。3.C細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知,野鳥觀察者只關(guān)心鳥的名字,不再關(guān)注鳥本身和鳥

的行為。由此可見C項正確,意為“只關(guān)心鳥的名字”。4.B細節(jié)理解題。倒數(shù)第二段開頭提到,“時間”和“目的地”的壓力進一步阻止人們?nèi)リP(guān)

注周圍的環(huán)境。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知,遠足者們一心想要到達目的地,故B項符合文章內(nèi)容,意為“他們專注于及時趕到營地”。5.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的最后兩句可知,下次你散步時,無論在什么地方,都應(yīng)該欣

賞各種景色,傾聽各種聲音,接受各種感覺,帶著這種心境漫步,你會為生活開辟新領(lǐng)域。由此

可知A項符合文章內(nèi)容,作者建議我們充實感官來感受世界的奇跡。高級語塊

sharpadj.敏銳的distinctionn.區(qū)別;差別frameofmind心境;心情;情緒;思想狀態(tài)難句分析原句:Relearningtheartofseeingtheworldaroundusisquitesimple,althoughittakespractice

andrequiresbreakingsomebadhabits.分析:although引導讓步狀語從句;在主句中動名詞短語Relearningtheartof...作主語。從句中

主語為it,and連接的兩個謂語動詞為takes和requires。譯文:重新學習觀察周圍世界的技能十分簡單,雖然那需要實踐并摒除一些壞習慣。Passage5(2018天津春,B)詞數(shù):385Withasatisfiedsmile,KeishafinishedthelastsentenceofherEnglishessayaboutoneofher

heroes,RosaParks,animportantfigureintheCivilRightsMovement.“Keisha,”hermothershoutedfromdownstairs.“It'salmost4:15.”“Don'tworry.Iwon'tbelate.”Keishapulleddownastorybookfromherbookshelf,assheal-

waysreadtothenursinghome'sresidents.Andonanimpulse(一時心血來潮),sheaddedherEng-

lishnotebookaswell.AsKeishacamerunninginthedoor,themanagertoldher,“Wehaveanewresidentthisweek,

Mrs.RubyWatson.She'sstilladjustingtohernewsurroundings.You'llfindherinRoom28.And

bytheway,Keisha,goodluck.”Keishawalkeddownthehallwayataquickpace.AssheenteredRoom28,shemettwosharp

browneyesstaringatherdoubtfully.“I'mKeishaJackson,avolunteer,”Keishaexplained.“Icomeheretohelppassthetimewith

residents,orreadtothem,or,...”Keishastartedstammering(結(jié)巴)asMrs.Watsoncontinuedtostareather.“Ididn'trequestanyonetokeepmecompany,”Mrs.Watsoninterrupted.“I'malonemostofthe

time,andthat'showIpreferit.”“Ibroughtalongsomefunnystories,”Keishasaidhesitantly.“I'mnotinthemoodforfunnystories,”Mrs.Watsonrepliedangrily.“Whatelsedoyou

have?”Nervously,Keishaopenedhernotebooktoheressay.Shereadthetitlealoud,“RosaParks:A

WomanofCourageandConviction(信念).”SheglancedatMrs.Watsontoseehowshemight

react,buttohersurprise,Mrs.Watson'sfacerelaxedandhereyesshone.“Readtomeabout

Rosa,”Mrs.Watsonsaid.KeishareadhowRosaParks'refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955in-

spiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights.“IwalkedwithRosaParksandDr.MartinLutherKing,”Mrs.Watsonsaidwithpride.“That

wasthegreatestmomentofmylifebecause...”Shepaused.“Because...youwereawomanofcourageandconvictiontoo.”Sittingupstraighter,Mrs.Watsonsaid,“Yes,IwasandIstillam.Thankyouforremindingme,

Keisha.NextThursday,Iwilltellyoumystory.”1.WhydidKeishatakeherEnglishnotebookalong?A.Hermotheraskedhertotakeit.B.Shewouldhanditinonherway.C.Shemightreadheressaytosomeone.D.Themanagerwantedtoreadheressay.2.WhydidthemanagerwishKeishagoodluckbeforeshevisitedMrs.Watson?A.Mrs.Watsoncouldbedifficult.B.Mrs.Watsonwasinpoorhealth.C.Keishawasfeelingnervous.D.Keishawasashyperson.3.Mrs.Watson'seyes(Para.10)suggestedthatshewas

.A.amused

B.puzzled

C.annoyed

D.interested4.WhateffectdidKeisha'sessayhaveonMrs.Watson?A.Itarousedhercuriosityinvolunteerwork.B.Itbuiltupherexpectationformorevisitors.C.Itawokeherprideinherstruggleforcivilrights.D.ItchangedherattitudetotheCivilRightsMovement.5.Readersmayfindthisstoryinspiringbecause

.A.agirlenjoyslearningaboutherheroesB.agirlhelpssomeonefeelappreciatedC.awomaneshardshipbyherselfD.awomangathersthecourageforlife答案[語篇解讀]本文為記敘文,講述了一個女孩通過讀自己的論文讓一個剛進入養(yǎng)老院的老太

太對自己的過往經(jīng)歷充滿了自豪感的故事。1.C細節(jié)理解題。由第一段可知,她對自己寫的論文很滿意。由第三段中的Keishapulled

downastorybookfromherbookshelf,asshealwaysreadtothenursinghome'sresidents.Andon

animpulse,sheaddedherEnglishnotebookaswell.可知,她有和別人分享自己寫的論文的沖動,

故選C。2.A推理判斷題。由下文起初老太太對待女孩的態(tài)度及女孩與那位老太太的對話中老太太

說話的語氣可推知答案。3.D推理判斷題。由第十段中的buttohersurprise,Mrs.Watson'sfacerelaxedandhereyes

shone.“ReadtomeaboutRosa,”Mrs.Watsonsaid.可推知答案。4.C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文中倒數(shù)第三段中的Mrs.Watsonsaidwithpride.“Thatwasthe

greatestmomentofmylifebecause...”可知,她想起了之前為民權(quán)斗爭的經(jīng)歷而產(chǎn)生了自豪感,

故答案為C。5.B主旨大意題。文章主要講了女孩讓老太太對自己的過往經(jīng)歷充滿了自豪感。高級語塊

adjustto適應(yīng)hesitantlyadv.遲疑地難句分析原句:KeishareadhowRosaParks'refusaltogiveupherseattoawhitepassengeronabusin1955

inspiredtheprotestthatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights.分析:本句為主從復合句。句子主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)Keishareadhow...;how之后的部分一直到結(jié)

尾都是read的賓語從句;賓語從句中的主干是RosaParks'refusalinspiredtheprotest;togiveup...

作后置定語修飾refusal;thatbecameaturningpointinthestruggleforcivilrights為定語從句,修

飾theprotest。譯文:Keisha閱讀了1955年羅莎·帕克斯拒絕在公交車上把她的座位讓給一個白人乘客這件事

是怎樣激起了后來成了爭取公民權(quán)利的斗爭的轉(zhuǎn)折點的抗議活動的。Passage11.keyprinciples關(guān)鍵原則2.dominatev.控制;支配3.stableadj.穩(wěn)定的4.ideallyadv.理想地Passage21.majorn.專業(yè)2.figurev.認為3.exhaustv.使筋疲力盡4.abstractadj.抽象的5.perspectiven.視角6.evolvev.逐步發(fā)展Passage3munityn.社區(qū),團體2.curiosityn.好奇心3.sensev.意識到4.sculpturen.雕像5.splendidadj.極佳的高考熱詞Passage41.lowv.吹2.awarenessn.感悟能力3.observev.觀察4.fascinationn.著迷,入迷5.predictv.預(yù)測

plainv.抱怨7.spotv.發(fā)現(xiàn),注意到8.unfoldv.展開9.wanderv.漫游10.dimensionn.方面,側(cè)面Passage51.essayn.散文,文章2.heron.偶像3.nursinghomen.養(yǎng)老院4.glanceat...掃視……5.civilright民權(quán)6.pausev.停頓,停止Group2Passage1(2018天津春,D)詞數(shù):383Mostpeoplearen'tgoodatcreativeproblem-solvingfortworeasons:(1)Theyarenottrainedin

howtobecreative.(2)Theydon'tunderstandgroupstrengthwellenoughtoharness(駕馭)their

powertomaximizegroupcreativity.Akeyelementofcreativityisapplyingexistingknowledgetoanewproblem.Themorepeopleget-

tinginvolvedinsolvingit,themoreknowledgethereistoworkonit.Unfortunately,research

showsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethodsfailtoachievethatgoal.Whengroupsgettogeth-

ertoexchangeideas,theyactuallycomeupwithfewerideasoverallthaniftheyeachhadworked

alone.Tofixthisproblem,youshouldconsiderthetwostagesofgroupproblem-solving:divergence(分

散)andconvergence(集中).Divergencehappenswhenthegroupconsidersasmanydifferentpoten-

tialsolutionsaspossible.Convergencehappenswhenthevariousproposedsolutionsareevaluated

andreducedtoasmallersetofcandidatesolutionstothecurrentproblem.Theessentialprincipleofgroupcreativityisthatindividualsworkingalonediverge,whereasgroupmembersworkingtogetherconverge.Ingroups,onceamemberstatesapotentialsolution,that

makesothersthinkabouttheproblemsimilarly.Thatiswhygroupsworkingtogetherdivergeless

thanindividualsworkingalone.Therefore,beawareofwhentodivergeandwhentoconverge.Forexample,earlyintheproblem-

solvingprocess,havegroupmembersworkalonetowritedownstatementsdescribingtheproblem.

Thengetthembacktodiscusstheirdescriptions.Thegroupdiscussionwillleadeveryonetoaccept

oneorasmallnumberofthesestatementstoworkon—thisishealthyconvergence.Whenstartingtogeneratesolutions,youagainwantdivergence.Havepeopleworkalonetostart.

Thencollectpeople'sinitialideasandsendthemaroundtoothersandallowthedivergencetocon-

tinueaseveryoneindividuallybuildsontheideasofothermembers.Finally,letthegroupdiscusstheresultingideas.Thisdiscussionwillgraduallyleadthegroupto

convergeonasmallnumberofcandidatesolutions.Thissimplemethodworkseffectively,becauseitrespectswhatindividualsandgroupsdobest.1.Researchshowsthatthetraditionalbrainstormingmethods

.A.actuallylimitgroupcreativityB.greatlyencouragegroupcreativityC.enablepeopletoformmoreideastogetherD.preventpeople'sinvolvementintheproblems2.AccordingtoPara.4,whenamemberpresentsanidea,otherstendto

.A.thinktheotherwayroundB.followhiswayofthinkingC.bemoreconfidentintheirownideasD.belesswillingtosharetheirownideas3.Whatshouldgroupmembersfirstdoearlyintheproblem-solvingprocess?A.Discusstheproblem.B.Simplifytheproblem.C.Putdowngroupstatementstogether.D.Writedowntheirindividualdescriptions.4.Howcaneachgroupmembermakechangestohisinitialsolution?A.Byaddingincollected