北京市延慶區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二英語下學(xué)期期中試題含解析

PAGEPAGE22延慶區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年度其次學(xué)期期中試卷高二英語第一部分：學(xué)問運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，45分）第一節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thenoneday,AnnetookHelenouttothewell.AnneputHelen’shand___1___thewater.Asthewaterflowedoveronehand,Anne___2___(spell)“w-a-t-e-r”intotheotherhand.Then___3___(sudden),Helenhadaburstofunderstanding;themovementofthe___4___(finger)meantthecoolwaterflowingoverherhand.Thispreciousknowledgegaveherhopeandjoy.Finally,theworldofwordswasopeninguptoher.【答案】1.under2.spelled3.suddenly4.fingers【解析】本文是記敘文。文章講解并描述了Anne老師教海倫學(xué)習(xí)，通過觸摸教會(huì)她學(xué)習(xí)“water”，這給了海倫希望和歡樂，為她打開了文字的世界。【1題詳解】考查介詞。句意：然后有一天，安妮帶海倫到了水井邊，安妮把海倫的手放到水里。underthewater“在水下”，指把手放到水里面。故填under?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)水流過一只手時(shí)，安妮在另一只手里拼出了“w-a-t-e-r”。分析句子可知，spell作謂語動(dòng)詞，依據(jù)上下文可知，講解并描述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，且主語Anne與謂語動(dòng)詞spell是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。故填spelled?！?題詳解】考查副詞。句意：后來，突然，海倫有了突然理解了，手指的移動(dòng)意味著涼水流過她的手。修飾整個(gè)句子，應(yīng)用副詞做狀語，故填suddenly?！?題詳解】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：后來，突然，海倫有了突然理解了，手指的移動(dòng)意味著涼水流過她的手。finger“手指”是可數(shù)名詞，依據(jù)上文可知，是一只手在水里，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故填fingers。B閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ThenIbegantonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itsmelledlike...sunshine.Likesunshineandwildgrassandpomegranatesandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththe___5___(sweet)smellI’deverknown.Brycecalledup,“Areyoustuck?”___6___broughtmedowntoearth.CarefullyIbackedup,prizedstripsinhand,andasIworkedmywaydown,IcouldseeBrycecirclingthetree,___7___(watch)metomakesureIwasokay.【答案】5.sweetest6.which7.watching【解析】本文是記敘文。本文是小說《怦然心動(dòng)》中的場(chǎng)景，講解并描述了主子公在樹上的感覺。【5題詳解】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。句意：我忍不住深呼吸，一次又一次讓肺中充盈著我有生以來聞過的最香甜的氣息。修飾名詞smell用形容詞，由I’deverknown推斷，應(yīng)用形容詞最高級(jí)。故填sweetest?！?題詳解】考查定語從句。分析句子可知，___2___broughtmedowntoearth是非限制性定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代前面整個(gè)主句，在從句中做主語，應(yīng)運(yùn)用關(guān)系代詞which引導(dǎo)。故填which?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我可以望見Bryce在樹上回旋?？粗掖_保我沒事。分析句子可知，謂語動(dòng)詞是see，watch與circling并列做賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填watching。C閱讀下列短文，依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。TheshadowpuppetplayMonkeyKingandCoronavirus(冠狀病毒),_____8_____(create)bytheBeijingLongzaitianShadowPuppetTheater,hasbeenbroadcast(broadcast)onlinesinceFebruary14withnearly5millionhitsontheinternet.Intheshow,theMonkeyKinghearsaboutthenovelcoronavirusoutbreak,so___9___(him)goestoWuhan,thecapitalcityofCentralChina'sHubeiprovince___10___(fight)thedisease.【答案】8.created9.he10.tofight【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白由北京龍載天皮影戲劇團(tuán)創(chuàng)作的皮影戲《孫悟空與冠狀病毒》自2月14日【8題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：由北京龍載天皮影戲劇團(tuán)創(chuàng)作的皮影戲《孫悟空與冠狀病毒》自2月14日起在網(wǎng)上播出，點(diǎn)擊量近500萬次。分析句子成分可知，create在句中作非謂語動(dòng)詞，與邏輯主語TheshadowpuppetplayMonkeyKingandCoronavirus【9題詳解】考查代詞。句意：在節(jié)目中，猴王聽說了新型冠狀病毒的爆發(fā)，于是他前往中國中部湖北省的省會(huì)武漢抗擊這種疾病。此處做句子的主語，應(yīng)用主格人稱代詞he。故填he?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在節(jié)目中，猴王聽說了新型冠狀病毒的爆發(fā)，于是他前往中國中部湖北省的省會(huì)武漢抗擊這種疾病。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，fight在句中作非謂語動(dòng)詞，且此處做目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式。故填tofight。其次節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題1.5分，共30分）閱讀下面短文，駕馭其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。I'mRobinWoods.I'malwaysthefirsttomakeagoodjokeand___11___myworkawayattheendoftheday.Butsomehow,I'm___12___thefirsttobepickedforteamsandplays.Ihavealwaysbeentheoutcast,___13___andalone.“ThisyearourplaywillbethestoryofRobinHoodandhisMerryMen,”ourteacher,MissGoody,_____14_____thewholeclass.“WhowouldliketobeRobinHood?”I_____15_____myhandupintotheair.Ofcourse,everybodywantedthebiggestandbestpart,especiallybossyBradley.“____16____forapartandI’lltestyouonMondayanddecidewhowillbebestforeachpart,”saidMissGoody,handingoutpagesofthescript.“…Andofcourse,we’llneedlotsoftreestobetheforest.”“You’llbealittlebabybush…,”Bradley___17___me.“Orateeny-tinyleaf.”I___18___himandtookacopyoftheRobinHoodwordsandbeganmypracticingonthewayhome.OnMondayIdidsomebrilliantactingandIrememberedallmy____19____.Igotthepart.BradleygotthepartofLittleJohn.Beckywasoneoftheladies-in-waiting.Jordanwastheminstrel(吟游藝人),whotoldthe____20____insongwithalittlestrumoftheguitareverynowandthen.Wehadthreeweekstolearnourparts.Beckyofferedto____21____withme.SheplayedLittleJohn'spartandgaveme____22____onfighting.Bradley,whostillreallywantedtobeRobinHood,oftencameovertowatch.Heseemedtobewaitingformetomakemistakes.Ifelt____23____,withknockingkneesandcoldfeet.ButIwasdeterminedtobethebestRobinHoodever.IhadgotthepartofaheroandaheroIshallbe.Athome,Granddadcametohelpme.Hecouldplaytheguitarandevenmadeupaminstreldance.Hewasreallygettingintotheminstrel’s____24____,whichcheeredmeupandmadelearningmypartmucheasierandfunny.Inthefinaldressrehearsalthatafternoon,Bradleywasreallygettingcarriedawayinthatfighting-to-get-across-the-river____25____.Hewasshoutinglouderandlouderandpushingharderandharderuntilhelosthis____26____andfelloffthebridge.Hehadhurthisankle!Worsestill,Jordanhadgotaflu.Probablywehadto____27____thatnight’sperformanceforitwasjustimpossibletofindtwonewactorswhocouldlearnthepartsbefore____28____and,mostimportantly,couldplaytheguitar.Girlswailedandsobbed.Boyssighedandshuffledtheirfeet.ItwasIthatputforwarda____29____：Granddadcouldplaythepartoftheminstrel;BeckydidthepartofLittleJohnandCarlycouldhaveherpartaslady-in-waiting.MissGoodysighedwithrelief.Everybodyburstintotearsofjoy.Theperformancethatnightwasagreatsuccess.Ifeltlikea____30____.11.A.tidy B.throw C.push D.drag12.A.sometimes B.frequently C.always D.never13.A.unattended B.unassisted C.unwanted D.unmoved14.A.taught B.gathered C.dismissed D.lectured15.A.seized B.trembled C.shot D.shook16.A.Lookout B.Tryout C.Standout D.Speakout17.A.blamed B.threatened C.teased D.cheated18.A.admired B.abused C.respected D.ignored19.A.stories B.texts C.passages D.lines20.A.tale B.truth C.result D.difference21.A.dance B.sing C.perform D.practice22.A.knives B.tips C.guns D.signals23.A.nervous B.disappointed C.important D.honored24.A.part B.team C.band D.house25.A.accident B.incident C.scene D.event26.A.sword B.stick C.position D.balance27.A.cancel B.give C.improve D.evaluate28.A.dawn B.dusk C.midday D.midnight29.A.theory B.solution C.budget D.principle30.A.director B.composer C.hero D.teacher【答案】11.A12.D13.C14.B15.C16.B17.C18.D19.D20.A21.D22.B23.A24.A25.C26.D27.A28.B29.B30.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了在班上一向被排斥的，多余的，孤獨(dú)的作者主動(dòng)參與了班級(jí)的戲劇表演，并細(xì)致打算，結(jié)果表演當(dāng)天兩個(gè)演員突發(fā)意外，眼看著演出不得不取消。結(jié)果作者靈機(jī)一動(dòng)想到了解決方法，讓演出如期實(shí)行并獲得了巨大的勝利。作者感覺自己像個(gè)英雄。11題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我總是第一個(gè)講個(gè)好笑話，在一天結(jié)束時(shí)把工作整理好。A.tidy整理；B.throw扔；C.push推動(dòng)；D.drag拖拉。結(jié)合后文myworkawayattheendoftheday.可知作者是一個(gè)在一天結(jié)束時(shí)把工作整理好的人。故選A?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：但不知何故，我從來都不是第一個(gè)被選中參與球隊(duì)和競(jìng)賽的人。A.sometimes有時(shí)；B.frequently頻繁；C.always總是；D.never從不。結(jié)合后文Ihavealwaysbeentheoutcast可知作者從來都不是第一個(gè)被選中參與球隊(duì)和競(jìng)賽的人。故選D?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我始終是一個(gè)被排斥的，多余的，孤獨(dú)的人。A.unattended無人看管的；B.unassisted無助的；C.unwanted多余的，不須要的；D.unmoved不動(dòng)搖的。依據(jù)上文Ihavealwaysbeentheoutcast可知作者始終是一個(gè)被排斥多余的，孤獨(dú)的人。其他選項(xiàng)不符合語境。故選C?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“今年我們的戲劇將是RobinHoodandhisMerryMen，”我們的老師Goody小姐，聚集了全班同學(xué)。A.taught教授；B.gathered聚集；C.dismissed解散；D.lectured演講。結(jié)合上文可知Goody小姐是在宣布班級(jí)的事項(xiàng)，因此是聚集了全班同學(xué)。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我把手舉到空中。A.seized抓住；B.trembled顫抖；C.shot射擊；D.shook搖擺。上文Goody小姐宣布了今年班級(jí)將要表演的戲劇，作者舉手想要參與。此處為固定短語shoothandupintotheair表示“把手舉到空中”。故選C。【16題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：“試演一個(gè)角色，我周一會(huì)測(cè)試你，然后確定誰最適合每個(gè)角色，”Goody小姐邊說邊分發(fā)腳本。A.Lookout當(dāng)心；B.Tryout試驗(yàn)；C.Standout突出；D.Speakout說出。依據(jù)后文I’lltestyouonMonday可知Goody小姐是讓想要參與戲劇表演的同學(xué)試著去扮演一個(gè)角色，周一來測(cè)試他們。故選B?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“你會(huì)成為一個(gè)小灌木叢……”Bradley取笑我?！盎蛘咭黄苄〉娜~子?！盇.blamed責(zé)怪；B.threatened威逼；C.teased取笑；D.cheated欺瞞。結(jié)合后文“Orateeny-tinyleaf.”可知Bradley在取笑作者。故選C?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不理他，拿了一份羅賓漢的臺(tái)詞，在回家的路上起先練習(xí)。A.admired敬佩；B.abused虐待；C.respected敬重；D.ignored忽視。結(jié)合后文andtookacopyoftheRobinHoodwordsandbeganmypracticingonthewayhome.可知作者沒有理睬Bradley的取笑。故選D?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：周一我表演得很精彩，我記住了全部臺(tái)詞。A.stories故事；B.texts文字；C.passages短文；D.lines臺(tái)詞，線。結(jié)合后文Igotthepart.可知作者表演得很精彩，記住了全部劇中的臺(tái)詞。故選D?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Jordan就是那個(gè)吟游詩人，他時(shí)常地彈著吉他，用歌聲把這個(gè)故事講給大家聽。A.tale故事；B.truth真相；C.result結(jié)果；D.difference不同。結(jié)合其次段第一句ThisyearourplaywillbethestoryofRobinHoodandhisMerryMen可知這是一個(gè)故事。故選A?！?1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Becky主動(dòng)提出和我一起練習(xí)。A.dance跳舞；B.sing唱歌；C.perform表演；D.practice練習(xí)。結(jié)合后文Becky教作者如何打架可知Becky是和作者一起練習(xí)。故選D。22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她扮演小約翰的角色，教我如何打架。A.knives刀子；B.tips建議；C.guns槍；D.signals信號(hào)。結(jié)合后文onfighting可知此處指就如何打架提出建議，短語givesb.tipsondoingsth.“就做某事給某人建議”。故選B。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我感到驚慌，兩膝顫抖，雙腳發(fā)冷。A.nervous驚慌的；B.disappointed悲觀的；C.important重要的；D.honored光榮的。依據(jù)后文withknockingkneesandcoldfeet.可知作者很驚慌。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他真的進(jìn)入了吟游詩人的角色，這使我激昂起來，使我的學(xué)習(xí)變得更簡(jiǎn)單和好玩。A.part角色，部分；B.team隊(duì)；C.band樂隊(duì)；D.house房子。結(jié)合上文gettingintotheminstrel’s可知是指進(jìn)入吟游詩人的角色。故選A?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那天下午的最終一次彩排中，Bradley在那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)斗到渡河的戲中真的是忘乎所以了。A.accident事故；B.incident事務(wù)；C.scene場(chǎng)景；D.event事務(wù)。結(jié)合上文Inthefinaldressrehearsalthatafternoon可知是這部戲劇中的場(chǎng)景。故選C。【26題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他叫得越來越響，越推越猛，直到失去平衡，從橋上摔了下來。A.sword劍；B.stick棍子；C.position職位；D.balance平衡。結(jié)合后文felloffthebridge.可知失去了平衡。故選D?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：或許我們不得不取消當(dāng)晚的演出，因?yàn)槲覀儾恍心苷业絻蓚€(gè)新的演員，他們能在黃昏前學(xué)習(xí)角色，而且最重要的是，還能彈吉他。A.cancel取消；B.give賜予；C.improve改善；D.evaluate評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)合后文itwasjustimpossibletofindtwonewactors可知因?yàn)椴恍心苷业絻蓚€(gè)新的演員，只能取消當(dāng)晚的演出。故選A?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：或許我們不得不取消當(dāng)晚的演出，因?yàn)槲覀儾恍心苷业絻蓚€(gè)新的演員，他們能在黃昏前學(xué)習(xí)角色，而且最重要的是，還能彈吉他。A.dawn黎明；B.dusk黃昏；C.midday中午；D.midnight午夜。依據(jù)上文night’sperformance可知演出是在晚上，因此要再黃昏前這兩個(gè)新演員就要學(xué)會(huì)角色。故選B?！?9題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：是我提出了一個(gè)解決方法：爺爺可以扮演吟游詩人的角色；Becky扮演小約翰，而Carly可以讓她扮演侍女。A.theory理論；B.solution解決方案；C.budget預(yù)算；D.principle原則。結(jié)合后文Granddadcouldplaythepartoftheminstrel;BeckydidthepartofLittleJohnandCarlycouldhaveherpartaslady-in-waiting.可知作者想出了一個(gè)解決方案。故選B?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我覺得自己像個(gè)英雄。A.director導(dǎo)演；B.composer作曲家；C.hero英雄；D.teacher老師。作者的方案使班級(jí)的戲劇如期表演，演出獲得了巨大的勝利。因此作者感覺自己像個(gè)英雄。故選C。其次部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIrememberclearlythelasttimeIcried.Iwastwelveyearsold,intheseventhgrade,andIhadtriedoutforthejuniorhighschoolbasketballteam.Iwalkedintothegym.Therewasapieceofpaperonthewall.Itwasacutlist.Theboyswhosenameswereonthelistwerewelcometokeeponpracticing.Theboyswhosenameswerenotonthelisthadbeencut.Theirpresencewasnolongerdesired.Ihadnotknownthecutwascomingthatday.Istoodandstaredatthelist.Thelisthadnotbeenmadewithagreatdealofconsideration.Thenamesofthebestplayerswereatthetop,andtheothermembersoftheteamwerelistedinwhatappearedtobeadescending(下降的)orderofbasketballskills.Ikeptlookingatthebottomofthelist,hopingthatmynamewouldappearifIlookedhardenough.IheldmyselftogetherasIwalkedout,batwhenIgothomeIbegantocry.Forthefirsttimeinmylife,IhadbeentoldofficiallythatIwasn'tgoodenough.Sportsmeanteverythingtoboysofthatage.Ifyouwereontheteam,itputyouinthedesirablegroup.Ifyouwerenot,youmightaswellnotbealive.Alltheseyearslater,Irememberitasif1werestillstandingrightthereinthegym.Idon'tknowhowthemindworksinmatterslikethis.Idon'tknowwhatwentoninmyheadfollowingthatdayofcut.ButIknowthatmydeterminationhasbeensostrongeversincethen.Ihaveknownthatforallmylifesincethatday.IhavedonemoreworkthanIhadtobedoingandpatinmorehoursthanIhadtobespending,Idon'tknowifallofthatcamefromadeterminationnevertoallowmyselftobecutagain—nevertoallowsomeonetotellmethatI'mnotgoodenoughagain—butIknowitisthere.Andclearlyit'sthereinalotofothersuccessfulmentoo.31.Fromthetextwelearnthatthecutlisthadnamesofpupils__________.A.whowerecutout B.whowerestillontheteamC.whoweretheoldplayers D.whowerenotgoodenough32.Whydidtheauthorreactsostronglytothecut?A.Ithurthispridedeeply. B.Itwasopentothepublic.C.Itlistedhisnameatthebottom. D.Itforcedhimtochangetheteam.33.Wecaninferfromthetextthattheauthor__________.A.hasmadefriendswithmanyothermenB.hasneverlearnedthetruthofthecutC.hasbecomequitesuccessfulinlifeD.haslearnedtoplaybasketballverywell【答案】31.B32.A33.C【解析】本文是記敘文。作者由于一次被淘汰的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，起先下定決心，并且此決心特別劇烈，以至于在他的一生中他做過的工作比須要做的更多，他為之投入的時(shí)間比須要的更多。雖然他不知道他所做的這些是不是都來自于這個(gè)決心，但是他不能允許自己再被淘汰，不能允許再有人告知自己自己不夠好?！?1題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段其次句Theboyswhosenameswereonthelistwerewelcometokeeponcomingtopractices.可知，名字在名單上的男孩能接著來參與訓(xùn)練。這就意味著名單上出名字的學(xué)生仍會(huì)留在隊(duì)里。故選B項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段的二、三、四句可知，這是作者生命中第一次被正式告知自己不夠好。而且對(duì)于那個(gè)年齡的男孩來說，運(yùn)動(dòng)意味著一切。假如你在隊(duì)里，你就是有價(jià)值的；假如你不在隊(duì)里，那還不如死去。由此可以推想，作者對(duì)自己是否能留在球隊(duì)這件事很在意，之所以對(duì)被淘汰的反應(yīng)如此劇烈是因?yàn)檫@件事?lián)p害了他的自尊。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的ButIknowthatmydeterminationhasbeensostrongeversincethen.Ihaveknownthatforallmylifesincethatday.IhavedonemoreworkthanIhadtobedoingandpatinmorehoursthanIhadtobespending,Idon'tknowifallofthatcamefromadeterminationnevertoallowmyselftobecutagain—nevertoallowsomeonetotellmethatI'mnotgoodenoughagain—butIknowitisthere.可知，從遭到淘汰那天起先作者的決心變得特別劇烈，他付出了很多努力，花費(fèi)了大量的時(shí)間，目的就是不能允許自己再被淘汰。而很多勝利人士也都有這個(gè)決心。由此可以推想，作者通過自己的努力取得了勝利。故選C項(xiàng)。BFirstaidmeanswhatitsaystheaid,orhelpthatcanbegiventoaninjuredpersonfirstwhichisbeforeanyotherhelp.Usuallythefirstthingweshoulddoifaseriousaccidenthappensistotelephoneforanambulance,butsometimesquickactionsbyusmaysavesomeone'slife.Shock:peopleoftensufferfromshockafterreceivinganinjury.Thefaceturnsgreyandtheskinbecomesdampandcold.Theybreathequickly.Theyshouldbekeptwarm.Coverthemwithablanketandgivethemawarmdrink.BrokenBones:Don'tmovetheperson.Sendforanambulanceatonce.Poison:Apersonwhohasswallowedpoisonshouldbetakentohospitalatonce.Withsomepoisons,sleepingpills,forexample,itisagoodthingtomakethepersonsickbypushingyourfingersdownhisthroat.Butifhehasswallowedsomekindofacid,oranythingthatburns,itwouldbeabadthingtomakethepersonsickbypushingyourfingersdownhisthroat.Thepoisonwouldburnhisthroatasitcameup.Itis,therefore,besttofindoutwhatthepersonhastakensothatyoucancalltotellthedoctor.Suffocation:Thismeansnotbeingabletobreathe.Forexample,adrowningpersonwillhavehislungsfullofwater.Layhimdownwithhisheadlowerthantherestofhisbodysothatthewaterwilldrainout.Ifapersonhassomethingstuckinhisthroat,trytoremoveitwithyourfingers,orbyhittinghimontheback.Whenapersonhasstoppedbreathingbecauseofdrowning,electricshock,breathinginapoisonousgasetc.youcanhelphimtobeginbreathingagain.Remember:Whenanaccidenthappens,sendsomeonetotelephoneforanambulanceatonce.Keeptheinjuredpersonwarmandquiet.Givehimplentyofair.Donotletotherpeoplecrowdaroundhim.Ifyouseeaninjuredpersonwhoisbeinglookedafter,keepaway.34.Theunderlinedwords"drainout"inParagraph5probablymean__________.A.leaveout B.squeezeoutC.flowaway D.letout35.Whensomeoneisinjured,whatshouldwedofirst?A.Keephimwarmwithablanket.B.Sendforanambulanceatonce.C.Makehimsickbypushingyourfingersdownhisthroat.D.Layhimdownwithhisheadlower.36.Thepassageismainlyabout__________.A.theimportanceoffirstaid B.thesymptomsofshocksC.thetypesofinjuries D.howtoofferfirstaid37.Wherewouldthisarticleprobablyappear?A.Inasafetybooklet. B.Inanadvertisement.C.Inanewspaper. D.Inapopularmagazine.【答案】34.C35.B36.D37.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講了如何針對(duì)不同的狀況供應(yīng)急救措施?！?4題詳解】短語揣測(cè)題。畫線詞前一句提到“一個(gè)溺水的人肺里充溢了水”，畫線詞所在句“Layhimdownwithhisheadlowerthantherestofhisbodysothat…(讓他躺下，頭部低于其他部位，以便……)”中sothat表示目的，由此可推想，這樣做的目的是讓水從肺里“排出”，所以drainout意為“排出，流出”，故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第一句“Whenanaccidenthappens,sendsomeonetotelephoneforanambulanceatonce.(發(fā)生事故的時(shí)候，馬上派人打電話叫救援車)”可知，假如一個(gè)人受傷了，首先應(yīng)當(dāng)馬上叫救援車。故選B項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章講解并描述了針對(duì)受驚、骨折、中毒和窒息的不同狀況如何實(shí)施急救措施，所以D項(xiàng)“如何供應(yīng)急救措施”能概括文章大意。故選D項(xiàng)。【37題詳解】推理推斷題。本文主要講解并描述如何針對(duì)不同的狀況實(shí)施急救，所以會(huì)出現(xiàn)在平安手冊(cè)上。故選A項(xiàng)。CCuriosityiswhatdrivesustokeeplearning,keeptrying,keeppushingforward.Buthowdoesonegenerate(產(chǎn)生)curiosity,inoneselforothers?GeorgeLoewenstein,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegieMellonUniversity,offeredananswerintheclassic1994paper,“ThePsychologyofCuriosity.”[Failedtodownloadimage:://qbm-imagesoss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs/QBM/2020/3/16/2420882829139968/2422120242669312/STEM/d254ffaf9c2045839fCuriosityarises,Loewensteinwrote,“whenattentionbecomesfocusedonagapinone'sknowledge.Suchinformationgapsproducethefeelingofdeprivation(匱乏)labeledcuriosity.Thecuriousindividualismotivatedtoobtainthemissinginformationtoreducethefeelingofdeprivation.”Loewenstein'stheoryhelpsexplainwhycuriosityissuchaforce:it'snotonlyamentalstatebutalsoanemotion,apowerfulfeelingthatdrivesusforward.ScientistDanielWillinghamnotesthatteachersareoften“soeagertogettotheanswerthatwedonotdevoteenoughtimetodevelopingthequestion.”Yetit'sthequestionthatstimulates(刺激)curiosity;beingtoldananswerstopscuriositybeforeitcanevengetgoing.Inhis1994paper,GeorgeLoewensteinnotedthatcuriosityrequiressomebasicknowledge.We'renotcuriousaboutsomethingweknowabsolutelynothingabout.Butassoonasweknowevenalittlebit,ourcuriosityisarousedandwewanttolearnmore.Infact,researchshowsthatcuriosityincreaseswithknowledge:themoreweknow,themorewewanttoknow.Togetthisprocessstarted,Loewensteinsuggests,takestepswithsomeinterestingbutincompleteinformation.Languageteachershavelongusedcommunicationinexercisesthatopenaninformationgapandthenrequirelearnerstocommunicatewitheachotherinordertofillit.Forexample,onestudentmightbegivenaseriesofpicturesforthebeginningofthestory,whilethestudent'spartnerisgivenaseriesofpicturesshowinghowthatsamestoryends.Onlybyspeakingwitheachother(intheforeignlanguagetheyarelearning,ofcourse)canthestudentsfillineachothers'informationgaps.38.Whenonenoticesagapinhisknowledge,he.A.desirestofillitB.tendstobeafraidC.mightgettiredandsadD.willbecomefocusedonhislearning39.WhatdoesDanielWillinghamimplyinthearticle?A.Answersaremoreimportantthanquestions.B.Teachersshouldbeeagertogettotheanswer.C.Teachersknowhowtostimulatestudents’curiosity.D.Teachersarepartlytoblameforstudents’hatingschool.40.AccordingtoGeorgeLoewenstein’spaper,curiosityaboutsomethingoccursonlywhenyou.A.havereadalotofbooks B.knowlittleaboutsomethingChavesomerelatedinformation D.aregivenincompleteinformation41.Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?A.Whystudentshateschool.B.Whycuriosityisimportant.C.Howtostimulatecuriosity.D.Whatmakespeoplehungryforknowledge.【答案】38.A39.D40.C41.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。新奇心像一臺(tái)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)，讓你在求知的路上突飛猛進(jìn)、碩果累累。那么如何激發(fā)新奇心呢？請(qǐng)看科學(xué)家們?cè)趺凑f吧?！?8題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的Thecuriousindividualismotivatedtoobtainthemissinginformationtoreducethefeelingofdeprivation.可知，新奇的人會(huì)被激勵(lì)去獲得缺失的信息，從而削減被剝奪的感覺。由此可知，當(dāng)人們意識(shí)到學(xué)問缺口時(shí)，就渴望彌補(bǔ)它。故選A?！?9題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段ScientistDanielWillinghamnotesthatteachersareoften“soeagertogettotheanswerthatwedonotdevoteenoughtimetodevelopingthequestion.”Yetit'sthequestionthatstimulates(刺激)curiosity;beingtoldananswerstopscuriositybeforeitcanevengetgoing.可知，科學(xué)家DanielWillingham指出，老師們往往“太急于得到答案，以至于我們沒有投入足夠的時(shí)間來探討這個(gè)問題。”然而，正是這個(gè)問題激發(fā)了人們的新奇心；被告知答案會(huì)在新奇心起先之前就停止了。由此可知，DanielWillingham示意學(xué)生對(duì)學(xué)校的厭惡，部分要?dú)w咎于老師。故選D?！?0題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段的Inhis1994paper,GeorgeLoewensteinnotedthatcuriosityrequiressomebasicknowledge.We'renotcuriousaboutsomethingweknowabsolutelynothingabout.可知，GeorgeLoewenstein在他1994年的論文中指出，新奇心須要一些基本的學(xué)問。我們對(duì)自己一竅不通的事物并不新奇。由此可知，只有當(dāng)你有一些相關(guān)的信息時(shí)，你才會(huì)對(duì)某事產(chǎn)生新奇心。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文以及依據(jù)第一段中的Buthowdoesonegenerate(產(chǎn)生)curiosity,inoneselforothers?(但是，一個(gè)人是如何激發(fā)自己或他人的新奇心的呢？)可知，本文講解并描述了新奇心是怎樣產(chǎn)生的問題，針對(duì)此問題，最終三段對(duì)如何激發(fā)新奇心給出了科學(xué)的建議。由此可知本文主要談?wù)摿嗽鯓尤ゼぐl(fā)新奇心。故選C。DDuringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool(小學(xué)),Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.Iwasthequeenoftheplayground.Thencamemytweensandteens,andmeangirlsandcoolkids.Theyroseintheranksnotbybeingfriendlybutbysmokingcigarettes,breakingrulesandplayingjokesonothers,amongwhomIsoonfoundmyself.Popularityisawell-exploredsubjectinsocialpsychology.MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.Thelikables’plays-well-with-othersqualitiesstrengthenschoolyardfriendships,jump-startinterpersonalskillsand,whentappedearly,areemployedeverafterinlifeandwork.Thenthere’sthekindofpopularitythatappearsinadolescence:statusbornofpowerandevendishonorablebehavior.Enviableasthecoolkidsmayhaveseemed,Dr.Prinstein’sstudiesshowunpleasantconsequences.Thosewhowerehighestinstatusinhighschool,aswellasthoseleastlikedinelementaryschool,are“mostlikelytoengage(從事)indangerousandriskybehavior.”Inonestudy,Dr.Prinsteinexaminedthetwotypesofpopularityin235adolescents,scoringtheleastliked,themostlikedandthehighestinstatusbasedonstudentsurveys(調(diào)查探討).“Wefoundthattheleastwell-likedteenshadbecomemoreaggressiveovertimetowardtheirclassmates.Butsohadthosewhowerehighinstatus.Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment,highstatushasjusttheoppositeeffectonus.”Dr.Prinsteinhasalsofoundthatthequalitiesthatmadetheneighborswantyouonaplaydate—sharingkindness,openness—carryovertolateryearsandmakeyoubetterabletorelateandconnectwithothers.Inanalyzinghisandotherresearch,Dr.Prinsteincametoanotherconclusion:Notonlyislikabilityrelatedtopositivelifeoutcomes,butitisalsoresponsibleforthoseoutcomes,too.“Beinglikedcreatesopportunitiesforlearningandfornewkindsoflifeexperiencesthathelpsomebodygainanadvantage,”hesaid.42.Whatsortofgirlwastheauthorinherearlyyearsofelementaryschool?A.Unkind. B.Lonely. C.Generous. D.Cool.43.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theclassificationofthepopular.B.Thecharacteristicsofadolescents.C.Theimportanceofinterpersonalskills.D.Thecausesofdishonorablebehavior.44.WhatdidDr.Prinstein’sstudyfindaboutthemostlikedkids?A.Theyappearedtobeaggressive.B.Theytendedtobemoreadaptable.C.Theyenjoyedthehigheststatus.D.Theyperformedwellacademically.45.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.BeNice—YouWon’tFinishLastB.TheHighertheStatus,theBetterC.BetheBest—YouCanMakeItD.MoreSelf-Control,LessAggressiveness【答案】42.C43.A44.B45.A【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了受歡迎度對(duì)青少年的影響?！?2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段Duringtherosyyearsofelementaryschool,Ienjoyedsharingmydollsandjokes,whichallowedmetokeepmyhighsocialstatus.可知，在美妙的小學(xué)時(shí)間里，作者喜愛共享她的娃娃和笑話，由此推斷出，作者在早年的小學(xué)時(shí)期是一個(gè)慷慨的女孩。A.Unkind不友善的；B.Lonely孤獨(dú)的；C.Generous慷慨的；D.Cool冷靜的。故選C?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。其次段MitchPrinstein,aprofessorofclinicalpsychologysortsthepopularintotwocategories:thelikableandthestatusseekers.（臨床心理學(xué)教授MitchPrinstein將受歡迎的人分為兩類:討人喜愛的人和追求地位的人。）是段落主題句，本段內(nèi)容分別對(duì)thelikable和thestatusseekers做了說明，所以本段主要介紹了兩種受歡迎的分類，故選A?！?4題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段Itclearlyshowedthatwhilelikabilitycanleadtohealthyadjustment（它清晰地表明，討人喜愛可以促使健全的調(diào)整）推斷出，心理學(xué)教授MitchPrinstein的探討表明，討人喜愛的孩子適應(yīng)性更強(qiáng)，故選B?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通過閱讀全文內(nèi)容，尤其是最終一段，可知這篇文章主要講了受歡迎度對(duì)青少年的影響，討人喜愛對(duì)青少年成長(zhǎng)都有深遠(yuǎn)的有益影響。與選項(xiàng)A“友善一點(diǎn)——你將不會(huì)排在最終（你不會(huì)完蛋/你會(huì)笑到最終）”一樣，故選A。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Everybodygetsangry,butout-of-controlangerisn'tgoodforyouorthosearoundyou.Soherearefivesimplestrategiestohelpyoulearnhowtomanageyouranger:?Relax.Breathedeeply,fromyourstomach.___46___Repeatittoyourselfandvisualizearelaxingtimeandexperience.?Changethewayyouthink.Whenyou'reangry,yourthinkingcangetexaggerated(夸大的).___47___Forinstance,insteadoftellingyourself,“Oh,it'sterrible!Everything'sruined,”tellyourself,“It'sunderstandablethatI'mupsetaboutit,butit'snottheendoftheworld.”?___48___Statementslike“Thisneverworks.”or“You'realwaysforgettingthings.”willmakeyoufeelyourangerisjustified(情有可原的)andthere'snowaytosolvetheproblem.Theymightupsetpeoplewhomightbewillingtoworkwithyouonasolution.?Haveabettercommunication.Angrypeopletendtojumptoconclusions.Ifyouareinaheateddiscussion,slowdown.___49___Andtakeyourtimebeforeanswering.Insteadofsayingthefirstthingthatcomesintoyourhead,thinkcarefullyaboutwhatyouwanttosay.?Usehumor.Psychologistssaythathighlyangrypeopletendtothink“thingsoughttogomyway!”“Sillyhumor”canhelpyougetamorebalancedperspective.So,whenyoufeelthatangercomingthenexttime,pictureyourselfasakingorqueen,walkingaround,admiredbyeverybody,andgettingyourownwayineverysituation.Themoredetailyoucangetintoyourimaginaryscenes,themorelikelyitistoputasmileonyourface.___50___A.Becarefulwithwordslike“never”or“always”.B.Listencarefullytowhattheotherpersonissaying.C.Tryreplacingthesethoughtswithmorereasonableones.D.Avoidusingthesestrategieswhenyou'reinatensesituation.E.Thenslowlyrepeatacalmwordorphrasesuchas“takeiteasy”.F.Trychangingthetopicssoyourtalkswon'tturnintoarguments.G.Thatwillhelpyourealizethatthethingsyou'reangryaboutarereallynotveryimportant.【答案】46.E47.C48.A49.B50.G【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章就如何管理自己的生氣給出了五條建議?！?6題詳解】選項(xiàng)E.Thenslowlyrepeatacalmwordorphrasesuchas“takeiteasy”.（然后漸漸地重復(fù)一個(gè)詞或一句話，例如“別擔(dān)憂”。）和下文Repeatittoyourselfandvisualizearelaxingtimeandexperience.（對(duì)自己重復(fù)這句話，想象