攻克閱讀理解之議論文講義-高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

攻克閱讀理解之議論文論點(diǎn)論述相關(guān)問(wèn)題專(zhuān)項(xiàng)講解與練習(xí)

一：常見(jiàn)考題類(lèi)型

1)文章總論點(diǎn)以及分論點(diǎn)

2)例子/段落作用

3)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的解釋

4)論述方式

5)問(wèn)題解決類(lèi)文章中對(duì)于解決方式的考查

二：解決【對(duì)應(yīng)常見(jiàn)考題類(lèi)型】

1)問(wèn)題的拋出往往需要考生尋找文章總論點(diǎn)以及分論點(diǎn)。

與總論點(diǎn)有關(guān)的看開(kāi)頭部分

與分論點(diǎn)有關(guān)的看段首以及結(jié)尾部分

2)例子的作用

如果出現(xiàn)在開(kāi)頭，則是引出論點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)找文章論點(diǎn)

如果出現(xiàn)在文中，則是論證分論點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)找段落分論點(diǎn)或者能夠概括例子所在段

落內(nèi)容的選項(xiàng)

段落作用

觀(guān)點(diǎn)論述類(lèi)文章，是為了論證論點(diǎn)

問(wèn)題解決類(lèi)文章得看具體屬于哪一部分的段落

3)專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)的解釋

專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋的一般結(jié)構(gòu)【術(shù)語(yǔ)釋義例子】

重點(diǎn)看例子講的內(nèi)容與選項(xiàng)哪一內(nèi)容更加匹配，例子更好理解專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)

4)論述方式

常見(jiàn)論述方式makeaparison/paringandcontrasting/usingexamples/quoting

professionals/appealingtoreader'semotions/exaggeration/presentfacts

5)問(wèn)題解決類(lèi)文章中對(duì)于解決方式的考查

解決措施一般出現(xiàn)在文章第二段左右，最后一段一般為總結(jié)。出題類(lèi)型比較多

樣，總結(jié)解決方式、單細(xì)節(jié)、多細(xì)節(jié)、推斷均會(huì)有所涉及。

先判斷好文章類(lèi)型，劃分段落對(duì)于做這種類(lèi)型的題目來(lái)說(shuō)很重要。

1論點(diǎn)考察【示范題目】

1.Thewriterofthepassagefeelsdisappointedthat.

【議論文第一道題，絕大部分題型按照順序出題，而議論文開(kāi)頭部分往往考察論點(diǎn)】

【還原題干本質(zhì)】題干提問(wèn)：作者對(duì)？？感到失望。結(jié)合文章類(lèi)型：解決問(wèn)題類(lèi)，可

得出，該題是在問(wèn)該議論文提出的主要問(wèn)題是什么？

［定位題眼出處］解決問(wèn)題類(lèi)議論文結(jié)構(gòu)：提出問(wèn)題分析問(wèn)題解決措施總結(jié),故題眼

應(yīng)該在開(kāi)頭。

A.toolittle【錯(cuò)誤］hasbeendonetohelppeopletokeepphysicallyfit

B.toomuchhasbeendonetohelppeopletokeepphysicallyfit【確實(shí)存在，但不是題干所問(wèn)作

者的失望之處】

C.mentallyhealthypeoplearenotaspopularasphysicallyhealthypeople

D.physicallyhealthypeoplearenotaspopular【錯(cuò)誤］asmentallyhealthypeople

Everyoneknowsyoumustexerciseregularlytokeepgoodhealth.Indeed,stayingphysically

fitisabigpartofourculture.Weconsider(orrightlyso)thathealthypeopleareattractivepeople.

Sincemostofuswanttobeattractive,thereisnoshortageofexerciseclubs,trainingvideos,

magazinesandbooksofferingtohelpusstayphysicallyfit.

Unfbrtunately,however,【轉(zhuǎn)折之處必是重點(diǎn)，也是論點(diǎn)出處最多的地方，不難得出，提

出的問(wèn)題應(yīng)該在后一句］ourculturedoesn'tplacethesameemphasis(重視)onmental

fitness.［我們的文化并沒(méi)有很重視心理健康】Althoughwetendtolikemenandwomen

withstrong,healthylookingbodies,wedon'thavethesamedegreeofrespectorattraction

forsmart,educated,mentallyhealthypeople.【佐證前面紅字］Thisisapity,【失望之處的

幺習(xí)節(jié)】becausetherearegreatrewardsforpeoplewhohavedevelopedtheabilitytothink

well.【故選C】

2專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋【示范題目】

Whatcanwelearnabout"ThePeterPrinciple"?

【專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋的考察：專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)解釋的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：術(shù)語(yǔ)釋義例子，將例子與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行

匹配，找出最符合文章解釋的選項(xiàng)】

A.People'scareersareeasilyspoiledbyunrealisticexpectations.【未提及unrealistic

expectations］

B.Therearetosomedegreecertainceilingsinpeople'scareerpaths.

C.Inpetentemployeestendtohavemorechancestogainpromotions.【完全不符合文章表

達(dá)，雖包含文章重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞但是不符合其意義】】

D.Peopledon"necessarilygetpromotedbyvirtueoftheirpetence.【完全不符合文章表達(dá)，

雖包含文章重點(diǎn)關(guān)鍵詞但是不符合其意義】

Thisclimbcanoftenendindisappointment.ThePeterPrinciple,［術(shù)語(yǔ)】developedby

LaurencePeterforabookpublishedin1969,statesthatworkersgetpromoteduntiltheyreach

theirlevelofinpetence.【定義】Itmakesperfectsense.Ifyouaregoodatyourjob,yourise

upthecareerladder.Eventually,therewillbeajobyouarenotgoodatandatthatpoint

yourcareerwillstop.［例子】【劃線(xiàn)部分內(nèi)容均與B項(xiàng)certainceilings對(duì)應(yīng)】

3分論點(diǎn)考察【示范題目】

WhyisCharlesHandy'snewbook21LettersOnLifeAndItsChallengesmentioned?

【還原題干本質(zhì)］：不難得出，該題為分論點(diǎn)的考察。結(jié)合文章類(lèi)型：觀(guān)點(diǎn)論述類(lèi)，文章

結(jié)構(gòu)為：提出論點(diǎn)論點(diǎn)論述（分論點(diǎn)兩個(gè)）總結(jié)。Remember:一切例子均為論述服務(wù)，

所以我們解決該題的重點(diǎn)是尋找分論點(diǎn)，分論點(diǎn)存在于段首部分】

A.Toputforwardusefulsuggestionsonhowtogetpromoted.【提出建議不是該文章類(lèi)型下

該存在的內(nèi)容，也不符合實(shí)際文章表達(dá)內(nèi)容】

B.Toshowhowmanychallengeswefacewithoutgettingpromoted.【誤導(dǎo)項(xiàng)，challenges雖然

跟例子有關(guān)，但是跟實(shí)際題干所問(wèn)無(wú)關(guān)】

C.Toillustratetheseriousconsequencesofthepursuitofpromotion.

D.Toprovetheeconomicsecuritybroughtalongbythepromotion.【表達(dá)的是好的結(jié)果，而文

章是不好的結(jié)果】

Anotherproblemwithpursuingfrequentpromotionsisthatitturnsyouintoa

supplicant,endlesslyinsearchoffavourablefeedbackfromthehigherups.This【作為一個(gè)

指示代詞最大的作用就是指代前文，所以如果前面那句話(huà)看不懂看這句話(huà)就可以了】can

leadyoutolosecontrolofyourworklifebalance.InCharlesHandy?snewbook,21LettersOn

LifeAndItsChallenges^theexperiencedmanagementtheoristrecallsaninsightwhenworking

forRoyalDutchShell,anoilgiant.t6Inexchangeforthepromiseoffinancialsecurityand

guaranteedwork,Ihadsoldmytimetopletestrangerswithmypermissionforthemtousethat

timefortheirownpurpose,9,hewrites.

【解題要點(diǎn)】

1.熟練判斷議論文類(lèi)型,會(huì)分析文章結(jié)構(gòu)

2.要對(duì)題干進(jìn)行還原,尋找題目所問(wèn)本質(zhì),更方便文章定位

3.選項(xiàng)2選1時(shí)一定要學(xué)會(huì)分析題干和選項(xiàng)而不是盯著文章看意思

4.關(guān)鍵詞附近出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、指代、例子、專(zhuān)業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)句是要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注

練習(xí)題

A論點(diǎn)考察

1.Manyproblemsarementionedinthefirstparagraphto.

A.suggesttheyareimpossibletobesolved

B.introducethecausesoftheseproblems

C.showthewriter'sworryaboutthefutureworld

D.showscientistsplayanimportantpartinsolvingthem

Whatarethebiggestproblemsthatsocietywillhavetodealwithinthenewage?Thereare

diseaseslikeAIDSandcancer.There?sclimatechange,ofcourse.Andwhataboutproducing

enoughcheapfoodandenergyfortheworld'sgrowingpopulation?Who'sgoingtosolveallthese

terribleproblems?Yes,politiciansandworldleaderswillhaveabigparttoplay.Yes,businesses

willneedtocreatetheeconomicwealthtopayforsomeofthesethings.Butwho'sgoingtomakea

muchgreaterdifferencetosomethinglikeAIDSorclimatechange.Ifsgoingtobeascientist.Itis

thescientistwhocanturnsomenewbitofscienceintoanewtechnologytosolvetheseproblems.

Ifyoulikethinkingabouttheworldaroundyou,whynotbeeascientist.Itdoesn'tmeanyouhave

towearawhitecoatandplasticglassesandspendallyourtimeinalabasmostpeopleoftenimagine!

Scientistsdoallkindsofamazingthingsthatareactuallyinteresting!

2.Whichofthefollowingistheauthor'smainargument?

A.Passivelearningresultsfrompassiveteachinginclass.

B.Astudenfsabilityplaysahugeroleinthelearningprocess.

C.Ahealthyskepticismfullydependsonstudents5motivationandability.

D.Ahealthyskepticismandproperattitudecontributetoeffectivelearning.

Theunquestionedroleofastudentistolearnasmuchaspossiblethroughwhatevermeansit

takestoacquireknowledge.Teachersandprofessorsarehumanbeingsandarethereforenotperfect.

Nooneknowsthecorrectanswertoeveryquestionevenwhenyoulimitthequestionstoacertain

fieldofstudy.Havingcertainskepticism（質(zhì)疑）aboutwhattheyarebeingtaughtcanhelpstudents

tomaketheteachersevenbetterbycorrectingmistakesandmisinformation.

3.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A.Readingreviewsbeforeshoppingonlineisimportant.

B.Havingfewerchoicesmaybenefitusmore.

C.Gettingenoughsleepeverydayishelpful.

D.Consideringmanyfactorstomakeachoiceisunnecessary.

Amazonsells1,161kindsoftoiletbrushes.IknowthisbecauseIrecentlyspentanevening

tryingtochooseoneofthemforthebathroominmynewapartment.Nearlyanhourlater,after

havingreadcountlesscontradictory（矛盾的）reviewsandconsideringfartoomanychoices,Ifelt

tiredandsimplygaveup.Thenextday,Ihappilyboughttheonlytoiletbrushthelocaldollarstore

offered.

4.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat

A.peopledon'tlikedisposablethingsatall

B.plasticbagsanddisposablebowlswon*tbeprovidedinpublic

C.weshoulduselessplasticthingsandprotectourenvironment

D.hotelswon*tprovidedisposablethingsbecausetheywanttosavemoney

Haveyoueverstayedinahotel?MostChinesehotelsoftenprovideguestswiththingslike

disposable（一次性的）toothbrushes,toothpaste,shampoo（香波）andslippers.Manyguestslike

theideabecausetheydon'thavetobringtheirown.However,ifyoutraveltoBeijing,rememberto

bringyourownthings.StartingfromJune,somehotelsinBeijingwillnolongerprovideguestswith

thesedisposables.Theywanttoaskpeopletouselessdisposablethings.

Manydisposablethingsaremadeofplastic（塑料）.Peoplethrowthemawayafteronlyusing

themonce.Itisawasteofnaturalresources（資源）andisverybadfortheenvironment.Itis

estimated（估計(jì)）thatoneChinesepersonmakesasmuchas400kgofwasteayear!Mostofthat

wasteesfromdisposablethings.InBeijing,peoplethrowawayabout19,000tonsofplasticbags

everyyear!Plasticcantakebetween100and400yearstobreakdown.Thelessplasticwethrow

out,thebetter.So,whereveryoutravel,bringyourownthingsandusethemagainandagain.

5.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthispassage?

A.ThePromotionSatisfactionB.ThePromotionCurse

C.ThePromotionStrategiesD.ThePromotionProspect

Isyourpromotionnecessary?Manyworkersfocustheirhopesonclimbingthescaleoftheir

organizations.Theprospectofhigherpayhelpsexplaintheirambition,butsodoesthegreaterstatus

thateswitheachsuccessive（連續(xù)的）title.

Sothatshinypromotionmaynotbeforeveryone.Bewarethecurseofoverworkand

dissatisfaction.Somepeopleliketodevotetheirwholelivestotheirjobandbeatthecentreof

events.Itisbesttoletthemgetonwithit.

6.WhatdoestheauthorindicateinthelastsentenceofParagraph1?

A.ThePacificislandisaparadise.

B.ThePacificislandisworthvisiting.

C.Theadvertisementisnotconvincing.

D.Theadvertisementisnotimpressive.

Onemightexpectthattheevergrowingdemandsofthetouristtradewouldbringnothingbut

goodforthecountriesthatreceivetheholidaymakers.Indeed,arosypictureispaintedforthe

longtermfutureoftheholidayindustry.Everymonthseesthebuildingofanewhotelsomewhere.

AndeverymonthanotherrockboundPacificislandisadvertisedasthe“l(fā)astparadise（天堂）on

earth”.

7.Whatisparents'usualresponsetotheirkids9question?

A.Offerkidsanswers.B.Praisetheircuriosity.

C.Ignoretheirquestions.D.Explorethepuzzletogether.

Kidsoftenaskquestionslikethosethatarehardornotpossibletoanswer,andadultstendto

respondwithexplanationsthattrytosolvetheproblem.Itisnaturaltotrytofortakidwhoisfeeling

puzzledbytheworld.Butsimpleexplanationsmaynotbewhatthechildexpectsorwants.

Sometimes,kidssimplywanttotalkabouttheirquestionsandthought.

8.Inwritingparagraph1,theauthoraimsto.

A.giveanargumentB.reachaconclusion

C.offerasuggestionD.makeaparison

Nowadayseducationisseenasalocalornationalproblem.Foralmosttwentyyears,Ihave

alsoworkedtoaddressthehugeinequalitiesinmycountry'seducation.ButasImetthosetryingto

improveeducationinothercountries,andsawfirsthandthechallengestheyweredealingwith,I

learnedthatthemarginalized（被邊緣化）childreninIndiaandPeruhadmoreinmonwith

marginalizedchildrenintheUSthanwiththekidswhohavemoreadvantagesintheirowncountries.

Educationalinequalityisactuallyaglobalproblem.

9.Theauthorofthispassageaimsto.

A.advocatefollowingnewfashions

B.opposedrinkingwithclosefriends

C.encourageindependentthinking

D.adviseseekinghelpfromexperts

Truthissubjective.IfthereisonewordofadviceIwouldleavetomychildrenitwouldbe,

you'rebetteroffbeingDIFFERENT.Ifthemajorityofpeoplearedoingsomethingandyouchoose

tobeapartofitthenyou9reprobablyonafasttracktoselfdestruction.

Findyourhappiness.Notthetemporarysatisfactionfromsubstancelessmaterialthings.

TakeabreakfromconsultingyourmanyFacebookpsychologists.Thinkonyourownforachange.

Evaluateyourcurrentstatusandplanforwhereyouwanttobe.

10.Inthefirstparagraph,Aristotleistakenasanexampletoshowthat.

A.heisthegreatestandrespectedphilosopherofalltime

B.greatthinkersoftenmakemistakesandthencorrectthem

C.advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheories

D.hugeinfluenceofgreatthinkersmayblockhumanthought

Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon'tquestionnevertrulythinkfor

themselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhuman

thoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesand

introducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowing

theprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuch

ofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificmunitythateven1,200

yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!

11.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Challengingyourself.

B.Questioninggiants.

C.Followingrules.

D.Predictingfuture.

Tolearntothinkistolearntoquestion.Thosewhodon'tquestionnevertrulythinkfor

themselves.Thesearesimplerulesthathavegovernedtheadvancementofscienceandhuman

thoughtsincethebeginningoftime.Advancementsaremadewhenthinkersquestiontheoriesand

introducenewones.Unfortunately,itisoftenthegreatandrespectedthinkerswhoendupslowing

theprogressofhumanthought.Aristotlewasabrilliantphilosopherwhosetheoriesexplainedmuch

ofthenaturalworld,oftenincorrectly.Hewassoesteemedbythescientificmunitythateven1,200

yearsafterhisdeath,scientistswerestilltryingtobuilduponhismistakesratherthancorrectthem!

Questionsaresaidtobethepathtoknowledgeandtruth,andIplantocontinuequestioning.

Howmanythingsdoweknowforsuretodaythatwewillquestioninthefuture?Atthismoment,I

knowthatoursunwillbumforanotherfivebillionyears,andIknownothingcanescapethegravity

ofablackhole.Thisknowledge,however,maychangeinthenext20yearsmaybeeveninthe

nexttwo.Theonethingwecancontrolnowisouropennesstodiscovery.Questionsarethetools

ofopenminds,andopenmindsarethekeytointellectualadvancement.

B分論點(diǎn)考察

1.Whyistheauthor'smunicationwithaNigerianentrepreneurmentioned?

A.ToshowthevalueofknowingaboutYoruba.

B.Toprovethepowerofhavingawiderangeofknowledge.

C.Tointroduceeffectivemunicationskills.

D.Tosupporthisargumentforlearningbyrote.

However,learningbyrote（memorizationbyrepetition）ismoreimportantthanyouthink.

Therearemanycasesinwhichhavingknowledgeimmediatelyonthetipofyourtonguecanhave

greatsocialandprofessionalvalue.Forexample,lastnightatanetworkingevent,whenIcasually

askedaNigerianentrepreneurhowrichofhisbusinesswasconductedinEnglishversusinhisnative

Yoruba,heimmediatelybecamemoreengagedinourconversation.Itwasasifthesimplefactthat

IknewthatYorubawasspokeninNigeriawonhistrust,andthereforebuiltupourrelationship.

2.WhatdoestheexampleofGalileotellus.

A.Trialanderrorleadstothefindingoftruth.

B.Scientiststendtobecuriousandambitious.

C.Creativityresultsfromchallengingauthority.

D.Greatnessesfromalastingdesiretoexplore.

Together,thesedeephumanurges（馬區(qū)策力）countformuchmorethanambition.Galileowas

notmerelyambitiouswhenhedroppedobjectsofvaryingweightsfromtheLeaningToweratPisa

andtimedtheirfalltotheground.LikeGalileo,allthegreatnamesinhistorywerecuriousand

askedindiscontent,cuWhy?Why?Why?”

3.TheauthormentionsbusinessesinParagraph5inorderto

A.argueagainstfreeuniversityeducation

B.callonthemtofinancestudents9studies

C.encouragegraduatestogointobusiness

D.showtheircontributiontohighereducation

Manypeoplebelievethathighereducationshouldbefreebecauseitisgoodfortheeconomy

（經(jīng)濟(jì)）.Manygraduatesclearlydocontributetonationalwealth,butsodoallthebusinessesthat

invest（投資）andcreatejobs.Ifyoubelievethatthegovernmentshouldpayforhighereducation

becausegraduatesareeconomicallyproductive,youshouldalsobelievethatthegovernmentshould

paypartofbusinesscosts.Anyonepromisingtocreatejobsshouldreceiveagiftofcapitalfromthe

governmenttoinvest.Therefore,itistheindividual,notthegovernment,whoshouldpayfortheir

universityeducation.

4.Somestudentslikecheatingmainlybecause

A.thematerialinthetestisverydifficult

B.theywanttodobetterthantheothers

C.cheatingcanmakehardthingsseemveryeasy

D.theyhavelittletimetostudytheirlessons

Manypeopleliketheactionofcheating.Itmakesdifficultthingsseemeasy,likegettingallthe

rightanswersonthetest.Butitdoesn*tsolvetheproblemofnotknowingthematerialanditwon't

helponthenexttestunlessthepersoncheatsagain.

5.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingParagraph4?

A.Toexplainhowbicycleregistrationandlicensingwork.

B.Toprovidesolutionstoreduceirresponsiblecyclingofkids.

C.Torespondtopeople'sdoubtsaboutholdingcyclistsaccountable.

D.Toargueagainstrequiringcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbicycles.

Ofcourse,Tveheardargumentsagainstaskingcycliststoregisterandlicensetheirbikes.Some

peoplemightsay,“Littlekidsridebikes.Wouldyourequireasixyearoldridertotakeatestandpay

afee?,?Obviously,thecitycoulddetermineanagewhenbicyclewouldbeconsidereda“meansof

transportationonpublicroads.^^Otherpeoplearguethatbicyclefeesareunfairbecausebikesdon't

damagetheroadwaysascarsdo.Bicycleregistrationfeescouldbeparativelymodest,andthe

methodfordisplayingalicensenumbercouldbesimple.

6.Whafsthemainideaofthesecondparagraph?

A.Thereasonswhyweshouldplantmoretrees.

B.Wayswecanadopttotakeheatfromvolcanoes.

C.Measurestobetakentoforbidtheuseofcoalandoil.

D.Thingswecandotostoporreducethegreenhouseeffect.

Whatcanwedoaboutthis?First,wecanstopusingsomuchcoalandoil.Wecanlearntouse

differentkindsofenergy:thesun,wind,steamfromvolcanoes,andheatfrominsidetheearth.

Second,insteadofcuttingdowntrees,weshouldplantmoretrees.Onetreecanabsorbtenpounds

ofcarbondioxideeveryyear.Thetreesaregoodfortheearth?satmosphereandforGuatemala（拉

丁美洲國(guó)家危地馬拉）.InsmalltownsandvillagesinGuatemala,mostwomenarepoorandhave

hardlives.Treeshelptheminthreeways.First,theConnecticutfactoriespaythemtoplantthetrees.

Theirpayis,notmoney.Theisgoodfortheirchildren.Second,thesewomenknowalotabout

theirenvironment.Theyknowwheretoplantwhentoplant,andwhatkindsoftreestoplant.For

example,theyplantmanyfruittrees.Thefruitgivesthemvitaminsfortheirfamilies5sdiets.Other

treesaregoodforfirewood.Inafewyears,thewomenwon'tspendsomuchtimelookingfor

firewood.Third,allthesetreesaregoodforthesoil.Nowraincan'twashthesoildownfromthe

mountainssoeasily.

7.TheexampleofNepalisusedtosuggest.

A.itsnaturalresourcesareuntouched

B.itsforestsareexploitedforfarmland

C.itdevelopswellinhealthandeducation

D.itsuffersfromtheheavyflowoftourists

Thosecountrieswithlittleexperienceoftourismcansuffermost.Inrecentyears,Nepalsetout

toattractforeignvisitorstofunddevelopmentsinhealthandeducation.Itsforests,fullofwildlife

andrareflowers,wereofferedtotouristsasonemoreuntouchedparadise.Infact,thenaturealltoo

soonfelttheeffectsofthousandsofholidaymakerstravelingthroughtheforestland.Ancienttracks

becamemajorroutesforthewalkers,withtheconsequentexploitationofprecioustreesandplants.

8.Whatdoesparagraph6tellus?

A.Thevaccinesarelesseffectivethanexpected.

B.TheUShavecontrolledthespreadofthecoronavirus.

C.Thedeathtollinthenextsixmonthswillbeabout60,000.

D.Fewerpeoplewilldieiftheinfectionrateislower.

Thisisfarworsethanthetollinadifferentsituationwherethevaccinewasonly50percent

effectivebuttheU.S.hadreducedtheinfectionratetoitslevelinearlySeptember(about35,000

newdailycases).Inthatcase,thedeathtollinthenextsixmonthswouldbekepttoabout60.000

9.Whyaremanyworldwidestrategiessetforhealthcareinsteadofeducation?

A.Educationalproblemsaremoreplex.

B.Educationhasaveryslighteffectonpeople.

C.Peoplepaymoreattentiontotheirphysicalhealth.

D.Somecountrieshavenotrealizedtheimportanceofeducation.

Weknowthataworldwidestrategyisnecessaryforprogressinhealthcare.Theglobalhealth

caresystemisvaluedandsupportedbydonorsandgovernments.Buttherehavebeenfewglobal

knowledgesharingeffortsonbehalfofeducation.Only3percentofdevelopmentspendingin

educationisgiventoorganizationswhoseworkcouldhelpallnationsparedto21percentin

health.

Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Theeffectsoftreatmentcanbemeasuredquicklyandthisis

notthecasewitheducation.Rather,progressrequireschangingbehaviorovertime.Solutionsmust

beadaptedtolocalcontexts.Andtherearehugegapsindata,suchasglobalreadingandmath

achievementscores.Fewerthan50percentoflowinecountrieshavereportedreadingormaths

scoresforanygradelevelsince2000.

10.“PantsandskinnyjeansinPara.2arementionedtoshowthat.

A.ifsapopularwayofdressing

B.fittedclothingisfbrtable

C.it'saperspectiveofbeingcool

D.themediaoftenmisleadspeople

OneofthesedisturbingchangesImentionedisthefactthatmyfellowoxygenusersallow

themselvestobefooledsoeasily.It'salmostasifnoonecanthinkontheirownanymore.Welet

trendsinfluencehowwedress,talkandinteract.WhereI'mfrom,inthe90'syoucouldn'tbecaught

deadwithtightpants.Now,acoupleofrapartistwear“skinnyjeans“andit'sokay?NowI'mnot

sayingthatthere9sanythingwrongwithwearingfittedclothing,butdoesmediahavetogiveyoua

greenlightforeverything?Liveyourlifeforyou.

11.Whatdoesthewritermeanbysaying"It'squiteanothertousethislanguageliterally.59?

A.Petownersdon'trealizetheyareaddressingtheirpetswrongly.

B.Callingpets"baby"makesthelinebetweenpeopleandpetsunclear.

C.It'snotrighttocallpets"baby"or"child“althoughweareparentingthem.

D.Callingpets"baby"or"child“isactuallyawaytoshowourloveforthem.

Ofcourse,it'sonethingtousesuchlanguagelightly,asaninnocentexpressionofloveora

reflectionofthegreatjoyanddeepbondsthatpets,likechildren,cancreate.It'squiteanotherto

usethislanguageliterally.

C其他考察

一,解決措施

1.Inthepassage,thosecheatersareadvisedto.

A.spendmoretimeonschoolthanonsports.

B.findgoodsolutionsinsteadofcheating.

C.tryhardtobeintelligentratherthanlazy.

D.asktheirclassmatesfbrgoodmethodsofstudy.

Akidwhothinkscheatingistheonlywaytopassatestneedstotalkwiththeteacherandhis

orherparentssotheycanfindsomesolutionstogether.Talkingabouttheseproblemsandworking

themoutwillfeelbetterthancheating.

2.Whatsuggestionsdoestheauthorgiveinordertoprovidebetterhealthcare?

A.Bridgethesalarygapbetweenspecialistsandprimarycarephysicians.

B.Extendprimarycaretopatientswithchronicdiseases.

C.Recruitmoremedicalstudentsbyofferingthemloans.

D.Reducethetuitionofstudentswhochooseprimarycareastheirmajor.

Howdowefixthisproblem?

Itstartswithreformingthephysicianreimbursementsystem.Removethepressurefbrprimary

carephysicianstosqueezeinmorepatientsperhour,andrewardthemforoptimallymanagingtheir

diseasesandpracticingevidencebasedmedicine.Makeprimarycaremoreattractivefoodtomedical

studentsbyforgivingstudentsloansforthosewhochooseprimarycareasacareerandharmonizing

themarkeddifferencebetweenspecialistandprimarycarephysiciansalaries.

3.Whichdoestheauthorthinkisabetterwaytosavelives?

A.Improvingtheeffectivenessofthevaccines.

B.Producingagreatervarietyofvaccines.

C.Lookingatthesituationinapositiveway.

D.Wearingmasksandpracticingsocialdistancing.

Thereisonepositivewaytolookatthis:Measuresthatreducethevirus?sspreadlike

maskwearing,socialdistancingandrapidresulttestingcanstillhavegreatconsequences.Theycan

savemorethan100,000livesiningmonths.

4.Howcouldweprotectourprivacyagainstmobileads?

A.Byslowingthepacewithsuchtechnologies.

B.Byimprovingthewebsitefunctions.

C.Bystoppingusingthemobilephones.

D.Byreadingarticlesinspecificapps.

Onlineadshavenevergotlessannoyingovertime,andyoucanbesurethatmobileadsare

goingtogetmoreannoyingaswell,onceSiliconValleyhasworkedouthowtobetteridentifywho

youare.Themovetogreaterprivacyprotectionsmighthelpslowthepacewithwhichsuch

technologiesareadopted.Butthere?snorealistichopethatwe