閱讀理解（主旨大意題）-2025年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)

閱讀理解一主旨大意題

［命題解讀］

主旨大意題主要考查考生歸納概括信息、把握文章主題和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在閱讀中抓住主要信息。

主旨可分為直陳式和暗含式。直陳式的主旨可以直接從閱讀材料中找出；而暗含式的主旨隱含在文中，需要考生對(duì)

文中的各種信息進(jìn)行分析、歸納、概括才能得出。主旨要義類題目在閱讀理解中所占比重雖然不大，但是難度較大，

是考生容易失分的題目類型，應(yīng)給予足夠的重視。

［設(shè)題特點(diǎn)］

主旨大意題目主要的考查形式：理解段落大意、把握全文主旨和擬定文章標(biāo)題。該類題目在文章中沒(méi)有明顯的解題

依據(jù)，需要考生從文章中提煉、抽取一些關(guān)鍵詞、主干句進(jìn)行加工概括，才能歸納出文章的主旨。

【選項(xiàng)特征］

正確選項(xiàng)特征

L涵蓋性強(qiáng)，覆蓋全文或全段；

2.確定的范圍恰當(dāng)，既不太大，也不太??；

3.精確性強(qiáng)，不會(huì)改變語(yǔ)言表意的程度及色彩；

4.一般不出現(xiàn)細(xì)節(jié)信息，不含過(guò)分肯定或絕對(duì)意義的詞。

干擾選項(xiàng)特征

1.主題擴(kuò)大：所給選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容概括的范圍過(guò)大，超出文章所述內(nèi)容；

2.以偏概全：所給選項(xiàng)只闡述了文章的一部分內(nèi)容，或以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)信息或個(gè)別詞作為選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置內(nèi)容，或以次

要的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)充當(dāng)全文的主要觀點(diǎn)；

3.偷換概念：所給選項(xiàng)被命題者有意識(shí)地把本屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上，若不留神，極易選錯(cuò)答案；

4.無(wú)中生有：所給選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞雖然在文章中談到了，但經(jīng)過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀分析之后，發(fā)現(xiàn)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容與文章的內(nèi)容毫

無(wú)聯(lián)系。

考法一最佳標(biāo)題類

生把握主題和理解中心思想的能力，要求考生在理解文

章的基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用判斷、歸納、概括等方法，對(duì)文章的主

題進(jìn)行提煉或高度概括，最終準(zhǔn)確地選出文章的標(biāo)題。

記敘文、說(shuō)明文和議論文三種文體涉及的不同話題的閱

讀材料都會(huì)考查到標(biāo)題歸納題。

典例112023屆江蘇省南京市鎮(zhèn)江市高三上學(xué)期第一次八校聯(lián)考】

Someofmyearliestmemoriesinvolvesittingwithmydadinhisstudyeverynightwhenhecamehomefromtheoffice.

I'dwatchasheputhispersonalitemsaway:hiswatch,wallet,combandcarkeys.Theywouldalwaysoccupythesamespot

onthetableeverytime.

Dad'scombwasjadegreen.IheardheboughtitwhenhemarriedMum.Everynight,hewouldsmile,handmethe

combandsay,“BeagoodgirlandhelpDaddycleanit,OK?”

Iwasmorethanhappytodoit.Atagefive,thiskindoftaskbroughtmesuchjoy.Iwouldexcitedlyturnthetapon,

andthenbrushthecombwithausedtoothbrushashardasIcould.SatisfiedthatI'ddoneagoodjob,Iwouldproudlyreturn

thecombtoDad.Hewouldsmileatme,andplacethecombontopofhiswallet.

Abouttwoyearslater,Dadlefthissalesjobandstartedhisownwholesalebusiness.Istartedprimaryschool.Thatwas

whenthingsstartedtochange.Dad'sbusinesswasn'tdoingsowell,andourstablelifestartedgettingshaky.Hedidn'tcome

homeasmuchasheusedto.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI'dalreadybeinbed.Istartedtogetmad.

Whydidn'thelistentoMumandjuststicktohisoldjob?Whytaketheriskandplacethewholefamilyintrouble?Overthe

years,Istoppedwaitingforhimtocomehome,andstoppedgoingdownstairstocheckonhim.

Now28,I'vegraduatedfromcollegeandgotajob.Dad'sbusinesshasalsostartedtogetbackontrack.Yetthe

uncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandmewenton.

Twodaysbeforemybirthdaylastyear,Dadcamehomeearly.Onthatevening,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohis

studyasusual.WhenIturnedtoleave,heaskedmetocleanhiscomb.Ilookedathimforawhile,thentookthecomband

headedtothesink.

Itwasanewcomb.Thisonewasbrown.Ihadn'tnoticedthathe'dchangedit.Aftercleaningit,IpasseditbacktoDad.

Helookedatitandsmiled.Butthistime,Inoticedsomethingdifferent.Mydadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyes

whenhesmiled,yethissmilewasstillasheartwarmingasbefore.

7.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.EveningswithDad

B.ACombofJadeGreen

C.MyEarliestMemorieswithDad

D.Dad'sSalesJob&HisWholesaleBusiness

【答案】7.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候很喜歡等父親下班，與爸爸共度夜晚，幫父親清理他的梳子。但

是后來(lái)父親自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，初期艱難，便不那么經(jīng)?；丶伊?，和作者之間的夜間親子互動(dòng)也少了很多。作者對(duì)此心懷怨

念。在作者28歲生日的那天晚上，父親和作者進(jìn)行了很久以前的夜間親子互動(dòng)活動(dòng)“給爸爸洗梳子”，解開(kāi)了心結(jié)。

7.主旨大意題。由第一段中的"Someofmyearliestmemoriesinvolvesittingwithmydadinhisstudyeverynight

whenhecamehomefromtheoffice.（我最早的記憶包括每天晚上爸爸從辦公室回家時(shí),和他坐在書(shū)房里）*第四段

中的“Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI'dalreadybeinbed.Istartedtogetmad.（他不像以前那

樣經(jīng)?；丶?。當(dāng)他回家時(shí)，總是很晚，我已經(jīng)在床上了。我開(kāi)始生氣了）%倒數(shù)第二段中的“Onthatevening,!helped

himcarryhisbagsintohisstudyasusual.WhenIturnedtoleave,heaskedmetocleanhiscomb.（那天晚上，我像往

常一樣幫他把包搬進(jìn)書(shū)房。當(dāng)我轉(zhuǎn)身離開(kāi)時(shí)，他讓我?guī)退潦嶙樱焙妥詈笠欢沃械摹癆ftercleaningit,Ipasseditback

toDad.Helookedatitandsmiled.Butthistime,Inoticedsomethingdifferent.Mydadhadaged.Hehadwrinkles

nexttohiseyeswhenhesmiled,yethissmilewasstillasheartwarmingasbefore.（洗完后，我把它遞給了爸爸。他看

著它，笑了。但這一次，我注意到了一些不同的東西。我爸爸已經(jīng)老了。當(dāng)他微笑時(shí)，眼睛旁邊有皺紋，但他的笑

容仍然像以前一樣溫暖人心）”可知，本文講述了作者小時(shí)候很喜歡等父親下班，與爸爸共度夜晚，幫父親清理他的

梳子。但是后來(lái)父親自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，初期艱難，便不那么經(jīng)?；丶伊耍妥髡咧g的夜間親子互動(dòng)也少了很多。作者對(duì)

此心懷怨念。在作者28歲生日的那天晚上，父親和作者進(jìn)行了很久以前的夜間親子互動(dòng)活動(dòng)“給父親洗梳子”，解

開(kāi)了心結(jié)，全文都以“與爸爸共度夜晚”為線索展開(kāi)故事，“與爸爸共度夜晚”應(yīng)為最佳標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。

考法二段落大意題

要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問(wèn)段落的首句和尾句。一是

因?yàn)樗鼈兺w現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因?yàn)槔眠@些信息可

以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下判斷主旨，其準(zhǔn)確

性更高。

［命題方式］

Whatdoesthefirst/last...paragraphmainlytalkabout?

Whatdoesthewritertrytoexpressinparagraph..?

Whatisthemaintopicdiscussedintheparagraph...?

典例2(2022?新高考I卷?D)【江蘇省泰州中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次月度檢測(cè)】

MitsuhiroIwamotoisablindpersonwhosailednon-stopacrossthePacificOcean.OneofMr.Iwamoto'sfriendssays,

“Hefeelsthewavesandhecansensethespeedandangleofthewindstoadjustthesailsproperly.9,TheonlythingMr.

Iwamotocan'tdoissee.SoheteamedupwithDougSmith.

In2013,Mr.IwamototriedtosailacrossthePacific.Butafteronlyfivedaysatsea,hisboatwashitbyawhale.The

boatsank,andhespent11hoursfloatingintheseainaliferaftbeforehewasrescued.WhenMr.Smithlearnedthestoryof

Mr.Iwamoto'sdefeatduringhisfirstattemptatcrossingthePacific,ithadabigeffectonhim.Hedecidedtojointhetrip

notjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,butalsotocollectfundsforapublicwelfarefoundationthatboughtmedicalinsurance

forpoorchildren.HegotintouchwithMr.Iwamoto.Thetworealizedthattheywouldmakeagoodteam.

Ittookalotofcouragetomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButMr.Iwamotowasdetermined.Hebegantotrain

forthetrip.Heskied,ranhalf-marathonsandmarathons,andtookpartintriathlons(raceswithswimming,biking,and

running).Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.Theytookdrinkingwaterandenoughfoodfor60days.

ThesailboathadsolarpanelstokeeptheGPSandthesatellitephonecharged.

OnFebruary24,Mr.IwamotosetoutfromSanDiego,Californiaontheir14,000-kilometertrip.Finally,around9a.m.

onApril20—aftersailingnon-stopfor55days,thetwoarrivedinIwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,"'Peopleoftensay

thatthephysicalillnesscan'tstopapersonfrommakingadifference,butIhavetowalkthewalktoproveit,"Mr.Iwamoto

said.

6.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Thepreparationstheymadeforthetrip.

B.Thesupporttheyreceivedfromlocalpeople.

C.Theequipmenttheyboughtfortheirtraining.

D.Thedifficultytheyencounteredduringthetrip.

【答案】6.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了巖本光弘這位盲人，他與DougSmith合作，克服了重重的困難，通過(guò)

自己的努力，橫穿了太平洋。他想告訴人們，只要去做，身體的疾病不能阻止一個(gè)人的取得自己想要的成就。

6.主旨大意題。由文章第三段“Ittookalotofcouragetomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButMr.Iwamoto

wasdetermined.Hebegantotrainforthetrip.Heskied,ranhalf-marathonsandmarathons,andtookpartin

triathlons（raceswithswimming,biking,andrunning）.Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.They

tookdrinkingwaterandenoughfoodfor60days.ThesailboathadsolarpanelstokeeptheGPSandthesatellite

phonecharged4失敗后再次嘗試需要很大的勇氣。但巖本先生決心堅(jiān)定。他開(kāi)始為旅行進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練。他滑雪，跑半程

馬拉松和馬拉松，參加鐵人三項(xiàng)（游泳、自行車和跑步比賽）。Smith先生從當(dāng)?shù)厝四抢镔I了一艘12米長(zhǎng)的帆船。

他們帶了60天的飲用水和足夠的食物。帆船上有太陽(yáng)能電池板來(lái)保持GPS和衛(wèi)星電話的充電。）”可知，這段主要

講巖本光弘和DougSmith為航行做的準(zhǔn)備。故選A項(xiàng)。

[2023屆江蘇省南京市鎮(zhèn)江市高三上學(xué)期第一次八校聯(lián)考】

Someofmyearliestmemoriesinvolvesittingwithmydadinhisstudyeverynightwhenhecamehomefromtheoffice.

I'dwatchasheputhispersonalitemsaway:hiswatch,wallet,combandcarkeys.Theywouldalwaysoccupythesamespot

onthetableeverytime.

Dad'scombwasjadegreen.IheardheboughtitwhenhemarriedMum.Everynight,hewouldsmile,handmethe

combandsay,"BeagoodgirlandhelpDaddycleanit,OK?”

Iwasmorethanhappytodoit.Atagefive,thiskindoftaskbroughtmesuchjoy.Iwouldexcitedlyturnthetapon,

andthenbrushthecombwithausedtoothbrushashardasIcould.SatisfiedthatI'ddoneagoodjob,Iwouldproudlyreturn

thecombtoDad.Hewouldsmileatme,andplacethecombontopofhiswallet.

Abouttwoyearslater,Dadlefthissalesjobandstartedhisownwholesalebusiness.Istartedprimaryschool.Thatwas

whenthingsstartedtochange.Dad'sbusinesswasn'tdoingsowell,andourstablelifestartedgettingshaky.Hedidn'tcome

homeasmuchasheusedto.Andwhenhedidcomehome,itwasalwayslateandI'dalreadybeinbed.Istartedtogetmad.

Whydidn'thelistentoMumandjuststicktohisoldjob?Whytaketheriskandplacethewholefamilyintrouble?Overthe

years,Istoppedwaitingforhimtocomehome,andstoppedgoingdownstairstocheckonhim.

Now28,Fvegraduatedfromcollegeandgotajob.Dad'sbusinesshasalsostartedtogetbackontrack.Yetthe

uncomfortablesilencebetweenDadandmewenton.

Twodaysbeforemybirthdaylastyear,Dadcamehomeearly.Onthatevening,Ihelpedhimcarryhisbagsintohis

studyasusual.WhenIturnedtoleave,heaskedmetocleanhiscomb.Ilookedathimforawhile,thentookthecomband

headedtothesink.

Itwasanewcomb.Thisonewasbrown.Ihadn'tnoticedthathe'dchangedit.Aftercleaningit,IpasseditbacktoDad.

Helookedatitandsmiled.Butthistime,Inoticedsomethingdifferent.Mydadhadaged.Hehadwrinklesnexttohiseyes

whenhesmiled,yethissmilewasstillasheartwarmingasbefore.

4.Fromthefirstthreeparagraphs,wecanlearn.

A.thepreciousgreencombofDadwasmadeofjade

B.theearliestmemorieswithDadwerefullofjoy

C.theauthorwasn'twillingtocleanthecombforDad

D.theauthorwouldstudytogetherwithDadeveryevening

【答案】4.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者小時(shí)候很喜歡等父親下班，與爸爸共度夜晚，幫父親清理他的梳子。但

是后來(lái)父親自己創(chuàng)業(yè)，初期艱難，便不那么經(jīng)?；丶伊?，和作者之間的夜間親子互動(dòng)也少了很多。作者對(duì)此心懷怨

念。在作者28歲生日的那天晚上，父親和作者進(jìn)行了很久以前的夜間親子互動(dòng)活動(dòng)“給爸爸洗梳子”，解開(kāi)了心結(jié)。

4.推理判斷題。由第一段中的"Someofmyearliestmemoriesinvolvesittingwithmydadinhisstudyeverynight

whenhecamehomefromtheoffice.（我最早的記憶包括每天晚上爸爸從辦公室回家時(shí)，和他坐在書(shū)房里）"，第二段

中的"Everynight,hewouldsmile,handmethecombandsay,“BeagoodgirlandhelpDaddycleanit,OK?"（每天

晚上，他都會(huì)笑著把梳子遞給我，說(shuō)：“做個(gè)好女孩，幫爸爸清洗它，好嗎？"）”和第三段中的“Iwasmorethanhappy

todoit.Atagefive,thiskindoftaskbroughtmesuchjoy.（我非常樂(lè)意做這件事。在我五歲的時(shí)候，這種任務(wù)給我?guī)?/p>

來(lái)了極大的快樂(lè)）”可得出，作者與爸爸最早的回憶充滿了喜悅。故選B項(xiàng)。

考法三全文大意題

［設(shè)題特點(diǎn)］［技法點(diǎn)撥］

文章中的每一段都是圍繞某一主題展開(kāi)的，把每個(gè)段落0H曰分

[主j1南^L副語(yǔ)言精螺，中間

的主題句綜合起來(lái)就可以概括出全文的中心思想。該題版多角度翼明成驗(yàn)證.旦與尾段

主一旬昨?qū)秘?cái)■收王魁句據(jù)全

型主要是測(cè)試考生對(duì)一篇文章的深層理解程度以及在速

主贏在爽敘夫收類記敘文文東的訪癡

讀中準(zhǔn)確定位文章主旨大意的能力。它要求考生在理解

全文的基礎(chǔ)上能較好地運(yùn)用概括、判斷、歸納、推理等

中網(wǎng)段I---------------

主曷句■在后面的收常

邏輯思維的方法，對(duì)文章進(jìn)行高度概括或總

主一句不/賄時(shí).歸穌段主I

結(jié)，屬于高層次題。

?后、點(diǎn)ijia中陽(yáng)*麗靜成以上的不同〕

為生11句口，點(diǎn)，Ntt重■盾件看的觀點(diǎn)為

~~~lUWTI

I文章中廈曳出冠的訶一般就娓體］

黛調(diào)

[IK*yAhowever,岫nu小by

■心藉一ErtniKbcmthectmirary這些.

X用速運(yùn)帆推他法.「

3M/獐-除逢/中，is俁燧頂.碟定正

除法

典例41江蘇省泰州中學(xué)2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第一次月度檢測(cè)】

MitsuhiroIwamotoisablindpersonwhosailednon-stopacrossthePacificOcean.OneofMr.Iwamoto'sfriendssays,

“Hefeelsthewavesandhecansensethespeedandangleofthewindstoadjustthesailsproperly.TheonlythingMr.

Iwamotocan'tdoissee.SoheteamedupwithDougSmith.

In2013,Mr.IwamototriedtosailacrossthePacific.Butafteronlyfivedaysatsea,hisboatwashitbyawhale.The

boatsank,andhespent11hoursfloatingintheseainaliferaftbeforehewasrescued.WhenMr.Smithlearnedthestoryof

Mr.Iwamoto'sdefeatduringhisfirstattemptatcrossingthePacific,ithadabigeffectonhim.Hedecidedtojointhetrip

notjusttoprovethattheycoulddoit,butalsotocollectfundsforapublicwelfarefoundationthatboughtmedicalinsurance

forpoorchildren.HegotintouchwithMr.Iwamoto.Thetworealizedthattheywouldmakeagoodteam.

Ittookalotofcouragetomakeasecondattemptafterthefailure.ButMr.Iwamotowasdetermined.Hebegantotrain

forthetrip.Heskied,ranhalf-marathonsandmarathons,andtookpartintriathlons(raceswithswimming,biking,and

running).Mr.Smithboughta12-metersailboatfromlocalpeople.Theytookdrinkingwaterandenoughfoodfor60days.

ThesailboathadsolarpanelstokeeptheGPSandthesatellitephonecharged.

OnFebruary24,Mr.IwamotosetoutfromSanDiego,Californiaontheir14,000-kilometertrip.Finally,around9a.m.

onApril20-aftersailingnon-stopfor55days,thetwoarrivedinIwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,"'Peopleoftensay

thatthephysicalillnesscan'tstopapersonfrommakingadifference,butIhavetowalkthewalktoproveit,"Mr.Iwamoto

said.

7.Whatcanwelearnfromthisstory?

A.Neverlookdownonunderdogs.

B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.

C.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

D.Bethechangeyouwanttoseeintheworld.

【答案】7.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。本文主要講述了巖本光弘這位盲人，他與DougSmith合作，克服了重重的困難，通過(guò)

自己的努力，橫穿了太平洋。他想告訴人們，只要去做，身體的疾病不能阻止一個(gè)人的取得自己想要的成就。

7.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段"OnFebruary24,Mr.IwamotosetoutfromSanDiego,Californiaontheir

14,000-kilometertrip.Finally,around9a.m.onApril20-aftersailingnon-stopfor55days,thetwoarrivedin

Iwaka,FukushimaPrefecture,Japan,“Peopleoftensaythatthephysicalillnesscan'tstopapersonfrommakinga

difference,butIhavetowalkthewalktoproveit,”Mr.Iwamotosaid.（2月24日，巖本先生從加利福尼亞州圣地亞

哥出發(fā)，開(kāi)始了14000公里的旅程。最后，在4月20日上午9點(diǎn)左右，經(jīng)過(guò)55天的不間斷航行，兩人抵達(dá)了日本

福島縣磐岡。巖本一郎說(shuō)：“人們常說(shuō)，身體疾病不能阻止一個(gè)人的改變，但我必須步行才能證明這一點(diǎn)。產(chǎn)以

及前文可知，本文主要講述了巖本光弘這位盲人，他與Smith合作，克服了重重的困難，通過(guò)自己的努力，橫穿了

太平洋。他想告訴人們,只要去做,身體的疾病不能阻止一個(gè)人的取得自己想要的成就。結(jié)合選項(xiàng),B項(xiàng)Actionsspeak

louderthanwords（行動(dòng)比言語(yǔ)更響亮/事實(shí)勝于雄辯）符合文意。故選B項(xiàng)。

鞏固提高

A

【江蘇高郵市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期十月聯(lián)考】

NotBornYesterday

HugoMercierPrincetonUniv,Press

Weareahardspeciestocheat,arguescognitivescientistHugoMercierinthispersuasivestudyonthescienceofbelief.

TakingadvantageofresearchandhistoricalcasestudiesfromtheFrenchRevolutiontotheNazis,Mercierdemonstratesthat

wehavepowerfulcognitivesystemsthatenableustoweighupawiderangeofclues.Arefreshingbookmightmakeyou

lesslikelytobecheated.

SuccessfulAging

DanielLevitinDutton

NeuroscientistDanielLevitinrevealsthe“awftd"ageof60tobeadevelopmentalstagewithspecificadvantages,and

astartforfruitfullateryears.Lookinginturnatthelatestneuroscience,behavioralstudiesandfindingsonlifespanand

cognitiveenhancement,Levitinexploresdeepintothemultiple-tracetheoryofmemory,theagingmicrobiome,fatsandthe

brain,theimpactsofneuralimplants,andthejoysofnon-retirement.

TheTrueCreatorofEverything

MiguelNicolelisYaleUniv.Press

Thehumanbrain,neuroscientistMiguelNicolelisstates,isaunique"organiccomputingdevice,,thathascreateda

singularuniverse:humanculture,fromcavearttorobotics.Withinasystem,Nicolelislaunchesanexcitingjourneythrough

electromagnetism（電磁）inrelationtothebrain,brain-machineinterfaces（接口）andbeyond.

Cook,Taste,Learn

GuyCrosbyColumbiaUniv.Press

ThefoodscientistGuyCrosbyoffersalivelytourofthehistoryandsciencebehindtheartofcooking.Hetracesthe

evolutionofcookingfromitsearliestorigins,mentioningtheinnovationsthathavesolvedthemysteriesofhealthandtaste.

Crosbyexplainswhybothhomecooksandprofessionalchefsshouldlearnhowtoapplycookingscience,arguingthatwe

canimprovethenutritionalqualityanddelightofeverydayeating.

21.Whichfielddothebooksabovedealwith?

A.Culture.B.Science.C.History.D.Nature.

22.Whatshouldwethinkoftheageof60accordingtothetext?

A.It9sproductive.B.Fsdepressing

C.Ifsinteresting.D.Ifsunbearable

23.Whafsthepurposeofthetext?

A.Tosellthebooks.B.Toexpresstheauthor'sideas.

C.Tocomparethebooks.D.Tointroducesomebooks.

【答案】21.B22.A23.D

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了四本科學(xué)類的書(shū)籍。

21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一本書(shū)介紹"Weareahardspeciestocheat,arguescognitivescientistHugoMercierinthis

persuasivestudyonthescienceofbelief（認(rèn)知科學(xué)家雨果?梅西耶（HugoMercier）在這篇關(guān)于信仰科學(xué)的有說(shuō)服力

的研究中指出，我們是一個(gè)很難欺騙的物種）”，第二本書(shū)介紹“NeuroscientistDanielLevitinrevealsthe“awful”age

of60tobeadevelopmentalstagewithspecificadvantages,andastartforfruitfullateryears（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家Daniel

Levitin揭示，60歲這個(gè)“可怕”的年齡是一個(gè)具有特殊優(yōu)勢(shì)的發(fā)展階段，也是成果豐碩，富有成效的晚年生活的開(kāi)

始）“，第三本書(shū)介紹"Thehumanbrain,neuroscientistMiguelNicolelisstates,isaunique"organiccomputingdevice”

thathascreatedasingularuniverse:humanculture,fromcavearttorobotics（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家米格爾?尼克萊利斯說(shuō)，人

腦是一種獨(dú)特的“有機(jī)計(jì)算設(shè)備”，它創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的宇宙：人類文化，從洞穴藝術(shù)到機(jī)器人技術(shù)）”，第四本書(shū)介

紹“ThefoodscientistGuyCrosbyoffersalivelytourofthehistoryandsciencebehindtheartofcooking（食品科學(xué)家

蓋伊?克羅斯比對(duì)烹飪藝術(shù)背后的歷史和科學(xué)進(jìn)行了生動(dòng)的考察）”可知，都是跟科學(xué)有關(guān)的書(shū)籍。故選B。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二本書(shū)介紹“NeuroscientistDanielLevitinrevealsthe“awful”ageof60tobea

developmentalstagewithspecificadvantages,andastartforfruitfullateryears（神經(jīng)科學(xué)家DanielLevitin揭示，60

歲這個(gè)“可怕，，的年齡是一個(gè)具有特殊優(yōu)勢(shì)的發(fā)展階段，也是成果豐碩，富有成效的晚年生活的開(kāi)始）”可知，60歲是

一個(gè)有著特殊優(yōu)勢(shì)，也是成果豐碩，富有成效的時(shí)段。這與A項(xiàng)Irsproductive"這很有成效”相符。故選A。

23.推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了四本關(guān)于科學(xué)方面的書(shū)籍，可以判斷出D選項(xiàng)“Tointroducesomebooks（介紹一

些書(shū)）”最恰當(dāng)。故選D。

B

【江蘇高郵市2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期十月聯(lián)考】

Parentsorguardianshouldnotuseviolenceasawaytoteachchildrenlessons,adraftlawsaidonWednesday.

Thedraftfamilyeducationlawalsosaidtheyshouldnotdiscriminateagainstchildrenbasedontheirgenderorphysical

conditionorforce,trickoruseminors（未成年人）toviolatelaws,regulationsorsocialmorality.

Parentsandguardiansshouldertheprimaryresponsibilitytoeducatechildren,whilethegovernment,schoolsand

societyshould“offersupportforfamilyeducation”,thedraftsaid,addingthatthecountryshouldstepinwhennecessary.

Thelaw-enforcingdepartmentsshouldadmonishparentsoraskthemtoimprovefamilyeducationwhenchildrenhave

receivedadministrativepunishmentfromthepoliceorcommittedminorcrimes,itsaid.

Courtscouldremoveguardianshipfromparentsiflawenforcement（執(zhí)法）authoritiesfindtheyhaveviolatedtherights

andinterestsofminorsandhaverefusedtocorrecttheirbehavior.Thepolicewillbeabletofineparentswhorefusetomake

correctionsupto1,000yuan（$155）ordetainthemforuptofivedays,accordingtothedraft.

Schoolsshouldofficiallytellparentswhenstudentshaveseriouslyviolatedregulationsorlawsandofferparents

guidanceineducatingchildren.Whenparentsrefusetofulfilltheirresponsibilities,schoolsshouldinformthelocal

committeeortheparents5employers,itsaid.

HeYiting,amemberoftheNPC'sSocialDevelopmentAffairsCommitteesaidthatfamilyeducation,asthebeginning

ofachild'seducation,isnotonlycloselyassociatedwiththelifelongdevelopmentofchildrenandfamilywell-being,but

alsoconcernsnationaldevelopmentandsocialstability.

However,manyparentsonlyvaluechildren'sacademicperformanceandphysicalwell-beingandignoretheirmoral

developmentandpsychologicalhealth,hesaidwhenreportingtotheNPCStandingCommittee.

Therearealsoparentswhodonotknowhowtoeducatetheirchildrenandtomotivatechildrentoimprovechildren's

academicperformance,someeventurntophysicalabuse,leadingtoextremecasesofinjury,hesaid.

24.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“admonish“inParagraph4mean?

A.Disturb.B.Reward.C.Stimulate.D.Warn.

25.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?

A.Thegovernmentcannotinterferewithfamilyeducation.

B.Schoolsareprimarilyresponsibleforchildreneducation.

C.Thelawhighlightstheroleofparents,opposingviolence.

D.Familyharmonyhaslittletodowithfamilyeducation.

26.WhatisHeYiting'sattitudetowardsthedraftonparenting?

A.Critic