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UNIT3

SectionB

Usinglanguage【詞語(yǔ)辨析】likely,possible與probable三者都可表示“可能的”。可能性:probable>likely>possible(1)likely:主語(yǔ)為人、物或形式主語(yǔ)it句式:Sb./Sth.islikelytodosth.

Itislikelythat...(2)possible:主語(yǔ)為物或形式主語(yǔ)it句式:Itispossible(forsb.)todosth./Itispossiblethat...(3)probable:主語(yǔ)為物或形式主語(yǔ)it句式:Itisprobablethat...

辨析填空(likely/possible/probable)(1)Woulditbe

formetospeaktothechiefdoctorandtellhimtouselessmorphine?(2)Itis

thattheaddictwillbesenttothetreatmentcentre.(3)Astimegoesby,thepriceofhousesis

tobereducedtoanormallevel.單句寫作(4)Theinjuredboy

(有可能)receivetreatmenttomorrow.(5)

(他有可能)hewillsharehisexperiencewithus.(6)[2015·四川卷]Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;he

(非常有可能成為)aBeethoven.possiblelikely/possible/probablelikelyislikelytoItislikelythatisverylikelytobe詞匯六additionn.增加物,添加物;此外,除此之外inaddition除此之外

【教材原句】Eachyear,manyadditionsaremadetoEnglishdictionaries.每年,英語(yǔ)詞典都會(huì)增加許多詞條。【要點(diǎn)必記】inaddition“除此之外,另外”,是副詞,單獨(dú)作狀語(yǔ)inadditionto“除……之外(還)”,是短語(yǔ)介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】inaddition可用于句首、句中或句末,用于句首或句中時(shí),通常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他部分隔開(kāi)。 辨析填空(inaddition/inadditionto)(1)Icanposttheletterforyou.

,doingsomewalkingdoesmegood.(2)

thenamesonthelist,therearesixotherapplicants.(3)[天津卷]

theschool,thevillagehasaclinic,whichwasalsobuiltwithgovernmentsupport.單句寫作(4)Theproductsareofhighquality.

(另外),thepriceislow.(5)

(除了游泳),shelikesplayingtheguitar.InadditionInadditiontoInadditiontoInadditionInadditiontoswimming單元語(yǔ)法構(gòu)詞法英語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞法主要有四種:派生法、合成法、轉(zhuǎn)化法和縮略法。 要點(diǎn)一派生法

在一個(gè)詞根的前面或后面加上某個(gè)詞綴生成一個(gè)新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法。加在前面的詞綴叫前綴,加在后面的詞綴叫后綴。 (1)前綴前綴一般只改變?cè)~的意義,不改變?cè)~性。①表示否定意義的前綴 前綴例詞un-unfit不健康的;不合適的unlike不像unlimited無(wú)限的dis-dislike不喜歡disagree不同意disappear消失前綴例詞in-/im-/ir-/il-incomplete不完全的impossible不可能的irregular不規(guī)則的illegal不合法的non-non-smoker不抽煙者non-stop不停的non-violence非暴力mis-misunderstand誤解misuse誤用misread讀錯(cuò)②表示其他意義的前綴 前綴含義例詞a-

的asleep睡著的alive活著的en-使enrich使豐富enlarge使擴(kuò)大inter-互相international國(guó)際的Internet因特網(wǎng)re-再,又,重recycle再循環(huán)rebuild重建tele-遠(yuǎn)程的television電視telescope望遠(yuǎn)鏡前綴含義例詞auto-

自動(dòng)automatic自動(dòng)的autodial自動(dòng)撥號(hào)co-共同co-worker同事cooperate合作anti-反對(duì),防止antibody抗體antifreeze防凍劑multi-多multicultural多元文化的multichannel多頻道的kilo-千kilogram千克kilometre千米(2)后綴后綴通常改變?cè)~性,構(gòu)成意思相近的其他詞性的詞,少數(shù)后綴會(huì)改變?cè)~義。①形容詞后綴 后綴含義例詞-able可……的,能……的acceptable可接受的movable可移動(dòng)的-al屬于……的,具有……性質(zhì)的cultural文化的magical有魔力的-an某地的,……人的Asian亞洲(人)的Canadian加拿大(人)的-en由……制作的wooden木制的woolen羊毛的后綴含義例詞-ern……方向的eastern東方的western西方的-ese

某國(guó)(人)的Chinese中國(guó)(人)的Japanese日本(人)的-ful充滿……的harmful有害的respectful恭敬的-less沒(méi)有……的useless無(wú)用的hopeless絕望的-ic/-ical與……有關(guān)的,……的historic歷史的typical典型的后綴含義例詞-ish如……的selfish自私的childish孩子氣的-ive有……性質(zhì)的,有……傾向的impressive給人深刻印象的protective保護(hù)的-ous有……特性的dangerous危險(xiǎn)的mountainous多山的;山一般的-ly有……性質(zhì)的friendly友好的likely可能的-y充滿……的wealthy富有的dusty積滿灰塵的②動(dòng)詞后綴

后綴例詞-fy/-ifysimplify簡(jiǎn)化classify將……分類-enshorten縮短widen加寬-ize/-iserealize/realise實(shí)現(xiàn)apologize/apologise道歉③副詞后綴 后綴含義例詞-ly……地personally就個(gè)人而言;親自totally完全地-ward(s)表示“方向”forward(s)向前(地)westward(s)向西(地)④名詞后綴 后綴含義例詞-er

人designer設(shè)計(jì)師programmer程序員-or人sailor水手actor演員-ist

人specialist專家artist藝術(shù)家-ess女性,雌性actress女演員lioness母獅-ful充滿……的量handful一把mouthful一滿口后綴含義例詞-ment狀態(tài),結(jié)果excitement興奮,刺激achievement成就-ness狀態(tài),性質(zhì)sickness疾病kindness仁慈,好意-tion/-ation狀態(tài),行為production生產(chǎn);制造explanation解釋;說(shuō)明-sion狀態(tài),行為admission允許進(jìn)入permission許可;允許-th性質(zhì),狀態(tài),過(guò)程warmth溫暖strength強(qiáng)項(xiàng);力量-an/-ian人musician音樂(lè)家physician醫(yī)生后綴含義例詞-ism……主義;行業(yè)optimism樂(lè)觀;樂(lè)觀主義tourism旅游業(yè)-ship情況,狀態(tài),性質(zhì);身份,職業(yè);技能relationship關(guān)系citizenship公民權(quán)musicianship音樂(lè)技能-y

狀態(tài),性質(zhì)difficulty困難honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)-hood時(shí)期;狀態(tài);身份childhood童年motherhood母親身份⑤數(shù)詞后綴

后綴例詞-teenfourteen十四eighteen十八-tyforty四十eighty八十-thfourth第四eighth第八第一組:前綴用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的派生詞填空(1)Shenevergetsanyexercise—shemustbereally

(fit).(2)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Hernervousnessquickly

(appear)onceshewasonstage.(3)No,I

(agree).Idon’tthinkitwouldbetherightthingtodo.(4)—IwanttospeaktoMrFranks.—I’mafraidthat’s

(possible).(5)[2015·湖北卷]Thismeetingroomisa

(smoking)area.Iwouldliketowarnyouinadvancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined. unfitdisappeareddisagreeimpossiblenon-smoking(6)Don’t

(understand)me—Iamgratefulforallyou’vedone.(7)Hewassotiredthathefell

(sleep)athisdesk.(8)Itwasabadaccident—they’reluckytobe

(live).(9)Thestudyofsciencehas

(rich)allourlives.(10)Readingwill

(large)yourvocabulary.(11)Howdoyoufindan

(national)partnerforyourproject?(12)Wetakeallourbottlestobe

(cycle).(13)Lucyturnedonthe

(vision)towatchtheeveningnews. misunderstandasleepaliveenrichedenlargeinternationalrecycledtelevision單詞拼寫(14)Mycameraisfully

(自動(dòng)的).(15)Thinkaboutsomethingthathappenedtoyou,a

(同事),oramemberofyourfamily.(16)Weliveina

(多元文化的)society. automaticco-workermulticultural第二組:后綴用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空(17)ForthiscourseapassinEnglishatgradeBis

(accept).(18)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]Itisimportanttolookatthepoliticaland

(culture)contextinwhichthenovelwaswritten.(19)[2015·福建卷]Inthepicture,wecanseeaboyinwornclothes,sittingatashabby

(wood)tablewithapileofbooksonit.(20)[2019·天津卷]Personally,I’dwanttolearnabout

(west)painting.(21)[2019·江蘇卷]It’sanopportunitytomakethe

(China)culturebetterknowntointernationalstudents.

acceptableculturalwoodenwesternChinese(22)Ifweknowthatgossip(流言蜚語(yǔ))canbe

(harm),thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?(23)Waterhadgotintotheradio,andnowitwascompletely

(use).(24)[2017·浙江11月卷]Themostobviousthingisthatthereismuchmoreactivityinthestreetsthanina

(type)UScity.(25)[2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobe_________(self)bykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.(26)Shewasvery

(impress)intheinterview. harmfuluselesstypicalselfishimpressive(27)[2018·天津卷]Theforestinthedarkis

(danger)forthem.(28)[2015·天津卷]Ineedn’thaveworriedbeforeIcametothenewschool,formyclassmatesherearevery

(friend)tome.(29)Heleftasapoor,workingclassboyandreturnedasa

(wealth)man.(30)Thebooksinthelibraryare

(class)accordingtosubject.(31)[2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]Ifwegoonatripabroad,wecan

(broad)ourviewandgainknowledgewecannotgetfrombooks. (32)[2019·浙江卷]BeforehearingfromZac,Adelinehadn’t

(realize)themedalwasmissing.

dangerousfriendlywealthyclassifiedbroadenrealized(33)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypes___________(different).(34)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]Whatisthesecondparagraph

(main)about?(35)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷]ForWestern

(design),Chinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspiration(靈感)forWesterncreative.(36)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]Then,whenIwasinthefifthgrade,Iwantedtobea_________(teach)becauseIlikedmyEnglish

(teach)very/somuch.(37)[2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]Simonisacomedianand

(act)whohas10years’experienceofteachingcomedy.(38)[2019·江蘇卷]Naomi,Melissa’sbestfriendandatalented

(piano),gottoknowaboutthisandshowedwillingnesstohelp.

differentlymainlydesignersteacherteacheractorpianist(39)[2018·浙江11月卷]Cabbiesknowallthelatestnewsaboutfilmstars,theRoyalFamily,governmentleaders,andpopularsingersoractorsand

(act).(40)[2017·浙江卷]LastOctober,whiletendinghergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledouta

(hand)ofsmallcarrotsandwasabouttothrowthemaway.(41)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷]This

(develop)didnottakeplaceovernight.(42)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]First,youneedtoevaluate(評(píng)估)yourself,yourvalues,yourstrengths,your

(weak),your

(achieve),yourdesires,etc.Onlythenshouldyousetyourgoals.(43)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]Weareconfidentthatwecanwinthis

(compete).Butwesincerelyhopeyouwillgiveusyourguidanceand

(encourage). actresseshandfuldevelopmentweaknessesachievementscompetitionencouragement(44)[2019·江蘇卷]Hefeltconcernedabouthis

(ill).(45)[2019·天津3月卷]Forthefirsttime,Icouldsee

(soft)and_________(warm)inhiseyes. (46)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅰ卷]Whatmakesthe

(invent)ofthesmartkeyboardpossible?(47)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]Thereweretworeasonsforthe

(decide).(48)[2018·江蘇卷]Theartscreatejobsthathelpdeveloptheeconomy.Anygivenperformancetakesatourbusfullofartists,technicalexperts,managers,___________(music),orwriterstocreateanappealing(有感染力的)pieceofart.

illnesssoftnesswarmthinventiondecisionmusicians(49)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷]“Ofcourse,wenoticeitwhenthesunisshining,”saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’s

(tour)office.(50)[2019·天津卷]—Mysongotafull

(scholar)tohisdreamuniversity!—Wow,goodforhim!What’shegoingtostudy?(51)[2018·浙江卷]Ihaveno

(difficult)communicatingwiththem.(52)[2019·北京卷]

(honest)isthebestpolicy.(53)[2018·浙江11月卷]Youprobablyhavebeenusingcaffeinesince___________(child).(54)[2019·北京卷]Regardlessoftheweatherorthedistance,PaulWilsonwillmakesurelow-incomestudentsinhis

(neighbour)arriveattheircollegeclassesontime. tourismscholarshipdifficultyHonestychildhoodneighbourhood要點(diǎn)二合成法

把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的詞合成一個(gè)新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法叫合成法,由合成法構(gòu)成的詞叫合成詞。(1)合成名詞的主要構(gòu)成方法①

n.+n.pineapple菠蘿mankind人類eggplant茄子 ②adj.+n.greenhouse溫室highway公路blackboard黑板 ③v.+n.breakwater防波堤pickpocket扒手playground操場(chǎng)④n.+v.sunshine陽(yáng)光daybreak破曉 sunrise日出haircut理發(fā)⑤n.+v.-ingsightseeing觀光handwriting書法⑥v.-ing+n.diningcar餐車waitingroom候診室;候車室 ⑦adv.+n.inland內(nèi)陸overcoat大衣⑧v.+adv.get-together聯(lián)歡會(huì)breakdown破裂⑨adv.+v.outbreak爆發(fā)output產(chǎn)量downfall垮臺(tái)income收入⑩pron.+n.he-goat公山羊she-wolf母狼?其他方式:well-being健康grown-up成年人brother-in-law姐/妹夫go-between中間人commander-in-chief總司令passer-by路人 (2)合成動(dòng)詞的主要構(gòu)成方法①n.+v.sunbathe沐日光浴sleepwalk夢(mèng)游②adv.+v.download下載undergo經(jīng)歷③

adj.+v.whitewash粉刷blacklist列入黑名單 (3)合成形容詞的主要構(gòu)成方法①

adj.+n.-ednoble-minded高尚的good-tempered脾氣好的②

adj.+v.-inggood-looking好看的easy-going隨和的③adv.+v.-inghard-working勤勞的far-reaching影響深遠(yuǎn)的④n.+v.-ingpeace-loving熱愛(ài)和平的⑤n.+過(guò)去分詞state-owned國(guó)營(yíng)的sunburnt曬黑的⑥adv.+過(guò)去分詞well-known著名的 widespread廣泛流傳的 ⑦adj./adv.+n.full-time全職的high-class高級(jí)的downtown市區(qū)的⑧n.+adj.ice-cold冰冷的airsick暈機(jī)的seasick暈船的carsick暈車的homesick想家的⑨num.+n.million-pound百萬(wàn)英鎊的first-class頭等的⑩num.+n.+adj.eight-year-old八歲的five-metre-long五米長(zhǎng)的?num.+n.-edthree-legged三條腿的ten-storeyed10層的?其他方式構(gòu)成的合成形容詞overall全部的face-to-face面對(duì)面的all-round全面的happy-go-lucky無(wú)憂無(wú)慮的 (4)合成副詞的主要構(gòu)成方法①adj.+n. hotfoot匆忙地②adv.+adv. however然而③prep.+n. overnight一夜之間④prep.+adv. forever永遠(yuǎn)(5)合成介詞的主要構(gòu)成方法①adv.+n. outside在……外面②prep.+adv. within在……之內(nèi) 完成句子第一組(1)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]學(xué)校組織了一次郊游。有些學(xué)生帶著菠蘿、火腿、炸茄子以及其他食物。Theschoolorganizedanouting.Somestudentstook

,hams,fried__________andotherfoodwiththem.(2)我們?yōu)槿祟惖男腋6Αelabourforthehappinessof

.pineappleseggplantsmankind(3)[2015·廣東卷]薩莉走到講臺(tái)上,拿起一支粉筆,在黑板上寫了:“規(guī)則一:我們是一家人!”Sallywalkedontotheplatform,pickedupapieceofchalkandwroteonthe

:“Rule1:Wearefamily!”(4)我離開(kāi)操場(chǎng)時(shí),孩子們的笑聲還在我耳邊回響。 Thechildren’slaughterwasstillringinginmyearsasIleftthe

.(5)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅲ卷]3500名居民不能同時(shí)享受陽(yáng)光。The3,500residentscannotallenjoythe

atthesametime. blackboardplaygroundsunshine(6)[2017·北京卷]此外,沿江風(fēng)光令人驚嘆,有許多著名的觀光景點(diǎn)。Moreover,thesceneryalongtheriverisamazing,withmanywell-known___________spots.(7)候車室的公告牌要求人們不要吸煙和隨地吐痰。Noticesinthe

requestedthatyouneithersmokenorspit.(8)他把帽子和大衣放在一張椅子上。Heplacedhiscapand

onachair.(9)我在聯(lián)歡會(huì)上交了許多新朋友。Imademanynewfriendsatthe

. sightseeingwaitingroomovercoatget-together(10)旅游業(yè)是這個(gè)地區(qū)的主要收入來(lái)源。Tourismisamajorsourceof

forthearea.(11)[2016·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]然后走出去,制訂一個(gè)計(jì)劃,把你的童年記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為你的成年人花園。Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyour_________garden.(12)我走進(jìn)一家咖啡館坐下,望著來(lái)往的路人。Iwentandsatinacafeandwatchedthe

. incomegrown-uppassers-by第二組(13)每天上午富蘭克林都在游泳池中游泳,在池邊曬太陽(yáng)。Franklinswamand

atthepooleverymorning.(14)用戶可以把資料下載到臺(tái)式機(jī)上。Userscan

theirmaterialtoadesktopPC.(15)墻已經(jīng)粉刷過(guò)了。Thewallshadbeen

.sunbatheddownloadwhitewashed第三組(16)他救了落水的朋友,這是很高尚的。Itwas

whenhesavedhisfriendfromdrowning.(17)她生性隨和,人緣很好。Her

naturemadeherpopular.(18)辛勤工作的人通常有可能得到他們想要的。

peopleusuallycangetwhattheywant.(19)我認(rèn)為他的演講激勵(lì)了每一個(gè)愛(ài)好和平的人。Ithinkthathisspeechinspiredevery

person. noble-mindedeasy-goingHard-workingpeace-loving(20)第二年,杰克被曬黑了,但是卻對(duì)自己的生產(chǎn)非常滿意。Thenextyear,Jackwas

butsatisfiedwithhisproductionverymuch.(21)[2017·浙江卷]著名畫家威廉·威廉姆斯來(lái)看他工作。WilliamWilliams,a

painter,cametoseehimwork. (22)媽媽有一份全職工作,但她必須做大部分家務(wù)。Momhasa

job,butshehastodomostofthehousework.

sunburntwell-knownfull-time(23)[詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)]在我看來(lái),這個(gè)女孩幾乎對(duì)什么都“暈”。她暈車、暈船、暈機(jī),甚至想家。Inmyview,thegirlis“sick”ofalmosteverything.Sheis

,

,_______andeven

.(24)這是一種優(yōu)等葡萄酒。Thisisa

wine.(25)[2019·全國(guó)Ⅱ卷]一位90歲的老人被授予“年度最佳女性”稱號(hào),因?yàn)樗怯?guó)最年長(zhǎng)的全職員工,每周工作40小時(shí)。A

hasbeenawarded“WomanOfTheYear”forbeingBritain’soldestfull-timeemployee—stillworking40hoursaweek.(26)突然,她發(fā)現(xiàn)了一張三條腿的小桌。Suddenlyshefoundalittle

table. carsickseasickairsickhomesickfirst-class90-year-oldthree-legged第四組(27)[2019·浙江

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