高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)收心卷01（英語）

20232024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期開學(xué)收心卷01英語總分：150分考試時間：120分鐘注意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)項(xiàng)目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無效。第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)1.Whatwouldthemanliketoorder?A.Acupoftea. B.Someapplejuice. C.Somecoffee.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:I’dliketoorderacupoftea.Howaboutyou,Alex?M:Iusuallydrinkapplejuice.ButIamsosleepysoI’dliketohavesomecoffeetoday.2.Whichprogramdoesthemanlikebest?A.News. B.History. C.Sports.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:WhichisyourfavoriteTVchannel?M:Iliketowatchthenewschannel.W:Don’tyouwatchanyotherchannels?M:SometimesIalsowatchthediscoverychannel,thehistorychannelandsomesportschannels.3.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Salesgirlandcustomer. B.Passengeranddriver. C.Wifeandhusband.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Oh,dear,youmusthaveleftthecupinthetaxi.It’saverygoodcup,youknow.M:ButItoldyouIdidn’ttakeit.Irememberclearlythatyouputitinourbedroom.Oh,yes,onyourdressingtable.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inabank. B.Inadepartmentstore. C.Inaticketoffice.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Goodmorning.MayIhelpyou,sir?M:Yes,couldIchangethesepoundsfordollars,please?W:Doyouwantsmallbillsorlargeones?M:Itdoesn’tmatter.5.Whendidthefireprobablybreakout?A.Atabout7. B.Atabout8. C.Atabout9.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Pleasetelluswhenthebigfirebrokeout.W:Letmethink.Igothomefromworkat7o’clock.ThenIcalledmymotherat8.Aboutanhourlater,whenIwasabouttogotobed,suddenlyIheardacryforhelpoutside.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。6.Whatdoestheman’sfriendwanttodrink?A.Milkwithsugar. B.Orangejuice. C.Coffeewithmilk.7.Howmuchshouldthemanpay?A.10yuan. B.90yuan. C.100yuan.【答案】6.B7.B【解析】【原文】W:Goodevening.Atablefortwo?M:Yes,please.W:Thisway,please.It’satablebesidethewindow.Today’sspecialissteak.Wouldyoulikesome?M:Alright.Iwanttwopiecesplease.Er,I’dliketohavecoffeewithmilk,andmyfriendwantsorangejuice.HowmuchshouldIpay?W:It’s90yuan,with10%servicechargeincluded.Enjoyyourmeal.M:Thankyou.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。8.WhodidFredhaveafightwithlastnight?A.Astorekeeper. B.Apoliceman. C.Hisbrother.9.WhereisFrednow?A.Inthepolicestation. B.Inthehospital. C.Athome,【答案】8.C9.A【解析】【原文】M:Lastnight,Fredhadbadluck.Hehadafightwithhisbrother.Worsestill,hecarelesslydrovehiscarstraightintothefrontofadrugstore.W:Whatdoyoumean?M:Imeanhedroveinside.Thefrontofthestorewaspletelydestroyed.IactuallysawitjustnowasIwalkedby.Thecarisstillinsidethestore.W:I’mafraidFredisintrouble.Whereishenow?M:Iheardhe’sinthepolicestation.It’sluckythatnoonewashurt.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。10.WhosehouseisthegirlgoingtoonSunday?A.Mary’s. B.Susie’s. C.Jenny’s.11.WhatwillthegirlprobablydoonFriday?A.Seeamovie. B.Goshopping. C.Watchabasketballgame.12.Whydoesthegirlwantherfathertobuyanewbackpackforher?A.Herbackpackislost. B.Herbackpackisbroken. C.Herbackpackisfullofbooks.【答案】10.B11.C12.B【解析】【原文】M:Whydon’tyouewithmetothestoreonSunday?Wecangetyousomenewschoolsupplies.W:Ican’t.I’mgoingovertoSusie’shouseonSunday.Thenwe’regoingtoseeamovie.M:WhataboutSaturday?W:I’mgoingtoMary’shouse.M:Friday?W:I’mgoingtoCousinJenny’shouseafterschool.UncleDavesayshe’lltakeustothebasketballgame.M:Well,youcertainlyhavealotoffriends.Maybeyoucanjusttellmewhatyouneed,andI’llgotopickitupforyou.W:Okay,Icanmakealistforyou.ThethingIneedthemostisanewbackpack.Haveyouseenmine?It’sfallingapartandbarelyholdsmybooksanymore.M:Idon’tevenknowwhattypeofbackpackyou’dlike.You’reateenagegirl.Doyoureallywantyourdadtopickoutyourbackpack?W:I’lltellyoutheexactonetoget.It’seasy.Don’tworrysomuch.聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題。13.InwhichplacedidLisafindthewallet?A.Apark. B.Aparkinglot. C.Ashoppingmall.14.Whatisinsidethewallet?A.Aphotoofaperson.B.SomepaperandanIDcard.C.Somemoneyandbusinesscards.15.Whodoesthewalletprobablybelongto?A.Abusinessman. B.Anoldlady. C.Aschoolboy.16.HowwillLisagetintouchwiththewallet’sowner?A.Byaskingthepoliceforhelp.B.Bymakingatelephonecall.C.Bywaitingwhereshefoundthewallet.【答案】13.B14.C15.A16.B【解析】【原文】M:Whatdidyoufindthere,Lisa?W:Oh,Dad.It’sawallet.Ifounditintheparkinglotneartheshoppingmalljustnow.Therewasnobodynearby,soIbroughtithome.Itlooksverypretty.M:Yes,it’sareallybeautifulwallet!What’sinit?W:Oh,about60dollarsincash.M:60dollars?Whatareyougoingtodowithit?W:Idon’tknow.MaybeIshouldtrytofindthepersonwholostit.ButhowcanIfindtheowner?M:Checktoseeifyoucanfindanyinformationaboutthepersonwholostthewallet.W:Ah,yes.Therearesomebusinesscardswithaman’snameandtelephonenumberonthem.M:OK,youshouldcallthatman.Hewillbereallygladtogethiswalletback.W:Yes,I’msurehewill.Iwillcallhimafterdinner.M:Ithinkthatmanisprobablyveryworriednow,soyou’dbettercallhimrightaway.W:OK,Iwillcallhimimmediately.聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.Whomentionedinthespeechusecamelsintheirsports?A.Americans. B.TheArabs. C.Chinesepeople.18.Whichsporthasthelongesthistory?A.Volleyball. B.Basketball, C.Running.19.Howoldisvolleyballsport?A.Lessthan200years. B.About300years. C.Over1,000years.20.Whatoftenesoutofagameinthespeaker’sopinion?A.Friendship. B.Indignity. C.War.【答案】17.B18.C19.A20.A【解析】【原文】M:Peopleallovertheworldenjoysports.Sportshelppeoplekeephealthyandhappy,helpingthemtolivelonger.Sportschangewiththeseasons.Peopleplaydifferentgamesinwinterandsummer.Gamesandsportsoftengrowoutofpeople’sworkandeverydayactivities.TheArabsusehorsesorcamelsinmuchoftheireverydaylife.Theyusethemintheirsports,too.Somesportsaresointerestingthatpeopleeverywheregoinforthem.Football,forexample,hasspreadaroundtheworld.Swimmingispopularinallcountriesneartheseaorthosewithmanyrivers.Somesportsorgamesgobacktothousandsofyears,likerunningorjumping.Chineseboxing,forexample,hasaverylonghistory.Butbasketballandvolleyballarerathernew.Neitheroneistwohundredyearsoldyet.Peopleareinventingnewsportsorgamesallthetime.Peoplefromdifferentcountriesmaynotbeabletounderstandeachother,butafteragame,theyoftenbeegoodfriends.Sportshelptotrainaperson’scharacter.Onelearnstofighthardbutfightfair,towinwithoutprideandtolosewithdignity.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分42.5分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A湖南省百校大聯(lián)考20232024年高二12月考試英語試題FourInventionsThatChangedtheWorldThecourseofhumanevolutionhasbeenfilledwithinventions.Thefollowinginventionschangedtheworldinonewayoranother.MatchManyofuswonderwhatlifewaslikebeforematches.WecanthankaBritishpharmacistandhisdirtymixingstick.In1820s,JohnWalkernoticedadriedlumpontheendofastickwhilehewasstirringamixofchemicals.Whenhetriedtoscrape(刮掉)itoff,flamesappeared.Theinitialmatchesweremadeofcardboardbutsoonthematchescameinaboxequippedwithapieceofsandpaperforstriking.PenicillinPenicillinwasdiscoveredin1928whenayoungbacteriologist,AlexanderFleming,wastidyinguphislab.Afterhavingbeenonvacation,hereturnedtoworktofindthatadishofStaphylococcusbacteriahadbeenleftuncovered,andhenoticedthatmould(霉菌)ontheculturehadkilledmanyofthebacteria.Hisfurtherresearchfoundthatitcouldkillotherbacteria.MicrowaveOvenOfallthescifikitchenappliances,themicrowaveovenreallyrelievestheloadonhousewives.Itwasdiscoveredinthe1940s.WhenPercySpencer,anengineer,wasworkingonamagnetron(磁控管),henoticedthatachocolatebarinhispockethadstartedtomeltduetothemicrowaves.Spencerfoundthatindeed,whenfoodwasplacedintheboxwiththemicrowaveenergy,itcookedquickly.PlasticThefirstplasticwasinventedin1907byLeoHendrikBaekeland.Hisinitialquestwastoinventareadyreplacementforshellac(蟲膠),anexpensiveproductgotfromlacbeetles.Baekelandbinedformaldehyde(甲醛)withawasteproductofcoal,andheatedthemixture.Ratherthanashellaclikematerial,hecreatedasubstancethatdidn’tmeltunderheatandstress.21.Whoinventedmatches?A.JohnWalker. B.AlexanderFleming.C.PercySpencer. D.LeoHendrikBaekeland.22.WhathadLeoHendrikBaekelandoriginallyintendedtoinvent?A.Ashellaclikematerial. B.Aproductfromlacbeetles.C.Areplacementforshellac. D.Awasteproductofcoal.23.Whatdothefourinventionshaveinmon?A.Theyweretheresultsofjointefforts. B.Theyweretheaccidentaldiscoveries.C.Theywerethefruitsofyearsofresearch. D.Theywereunacceptedwheningout.【答案】21.A22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了影響人類生活的四個發(fā)明。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In1820s,JohnWalkernoticedadriedlumpontheendofastickwhilehewasstirringamixofchemicals.Whenhetriedtoscrape(刮掉)itoff,flamesappeared.Theinitialmatchesweremadeofcardboardbutsoonthematchescameinaboxequippedwithapieceofsandpaperforstriking.(19世紀(jì)20年代，JohnWalker在攪拌一種化學(xué)混合物時，注意到一根棍子的末端有一個干燥的腫塊。當(dāng)他想把它刮下來時，火焰冒了出來。最初的火柴是用硬紙板做的，但很快火柴就裝在一個裝有砂紙的盒子里，用來劃火柴)”可知，是JohnWalker發(fā)明了火柴。故選A?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Hisinitialquestwastoinventareadyreplacementforshellac(蟲膠),anexpensiveproductgotfromlacbeetles.(他最初的目標(biāo)是發(fā)明一種可以替代蟲膠的產(chǎn)品，蟲膠是一種從紫膠甲蟲中提取的昂貴產(chǎn)品)”可知，LeoHendrikBaekeland最初的目標(biāo)是要發(fā)明一種可以替代蟲膠的材料。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In1820s,JohnWalkernoticedadriedlumpontheendofastickwhilehewasstirringamixofchemicals.Whenhetriedtoscrape(刮掉)itoff,flamesappeared.(19世紀(jì)20年代，JohnWalker在攪拌一種化學(xué)混合物時，注意到一根棍子的末端有一個干燥的腫塊。當(dāng)他想把它刮下來時，火焰冒了出來)”；第三段“Afterhavingbeenonvacation,hereturnedtoworktofindthatadishofStaphylococcusbacteriahadbeenleftuncovered,andhenoticedthatmould(霉菌)ontheculturehadkilledmanyofthebacteria.Hisfurtherresearchfoundthatitcouldkillotherbacteria.(度假結(jié)束后，他回到工作崗位，發(fā)現(xiàn)有一盤葡萄球菌沒有蓋上，他注意到培養(yǎng)物上的霉菌殺死了許多細(xì)菌。他進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)它可以殺死其他細(xì)菌)”；第四段“WhenPercySpencer,anengineer,wasworkingonamagnetron(磁控管),henoticedthatachocolatebarinhispockethadstartedtomeltduetothemicrowaves.Spencerfoundthatindeed,whenfoodwasplacedintheboxwiththemicrowaveenergy,itcookedquickly.(當(dāng)工程師珀西·斯賓塞在研究磁控管時，他注意到他口袋里的一塊巧克力由于微波的作用開始融化。斯賓塞發(fā)現(xiàn)，確實(shí)，當(dāng)食物被放在微波能量的盒子里時，它煮得很快)”以及最后一段“Hisinitialquestwastoinventareadyreplacementforshellac(蟲膠),anexpensiveproductgotfromlacbeetles.(他最初的目標(biāo)是發(fā)明一種可以替代蟲膠的產(chǎn)品，蟲膠是一種從紫膠甲蟲中提取的昂貴產(chǎn)品)”可知，這四個發(fā)明的誕生都是偶然的。故選B。B(江蘇省蘇州市第十中學(xué)2023—2024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月月考)JeffJensenwasinadilemma(困境).Hewashobbled(跛行)bypainfulnervedamageinhislegandfoot.Heneededsurgery,buthedoubtedifhecouldaffordit,evenwithinsurance.“There’snothingmoredepressingthanseeingabillfor182,024,000dollarsandgoing,‘Howmuchofthiswillmyinsurancecoverandhowmuchisminetocover?’”JensentoldWWAYTV.LuckilyforJensen,hisdoctorisDemetrioAguila.ThenervespecialistgivespatientsathisHealingHandsofNebraskapracticeinPapilliontheoptiontopayforsurgerythroughvolunteerwork.HecallsithisM25Program,inspiredbythewordsfromafamousbook.“Wecan’tignorethepeopleinourownbackyard,”AguilatoldCBS.“Wewanttobeabletoofferhopetopatientswhohavelosthopemedically.”Usinganalgorithm(算法),thecliniccalculatesmunityservicehoursbasedonthepriceofthesurgery.InJensen’scase,the$12,000operationequaled560hoursofhelpingoutatoneofthelocalcharitableorganizationsregisteredwiththeM25Program.Like10percentofAguila’spatients,Jensenchosethemunityservice.Andbecausehundredsofhoursofmunityservicecanseemdepressing,Aguila,50,notonlyletsothershelp,butheencouragesit.“Ihadthishopethatwewouldremotivateourneighborsandourselvesasenseofvolunteerism,”hetoldCNN.Jensen,whosesurgerywaspletedinFebruary2020,washelpedbymorethan100friendsandstrangerswhovolunteeredatOrphanGrainTrain,whichdonatesfood,clothing,andmedicinenationallyandglobally.CountDaveHarveyfounderofthehomelessaidorganizationLeastofMyBrethren,istheonewhoisadmiredbyAguila,“He’shelpingusbysendingvolunteersourway.”hetoldKMTVinOmaha.“Whatacoolthing.”24.WhatputJeffJenseninadilemma?A.Thenervedamage. B.Themedicalinsurance. C.Thepriceofthesurgery. D.Themunityservice.25.WhathelpdidAguilareallyoffertohispatientJonsen?A.Awaytohelpcoverhismedicalbills. B.Financialhelptocoverhismedicalbills.C.Achancetohelpservehismunities. D.Afreesurgerytotreathisnervedamage.26.WhydoesDr.AguilastarttheM25Program?A.Toadvertiseforthehospital. B.Towinrespectfromhispatients.C.Topromotetheconceptofdonation. D.Tosowtheseedsofvoluntaryworkinpeople.27.WhatisHarvey’sattitudetowardsAguila’sM25Program?A.Critical. B.Negative. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.【答案】24.C25.A26.D27.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了DemetrioAguila醫(yī)生通過設(shè)立M25項(xiàng)目來幫助貧困的患者，讓他們通過為社區(qū)服務(wù)的方式來抵扣手術(shù)費(fèi)，這不僅幫助了向Jensen這樣的患者，還給其他慈善組織提供了志愿者?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Heneededsurgery,buthedoubtedifhecouldaffordit,evenwithinsurance.(他需要手術(shù)，但他懷疑自己是否負(fù)擔(dān)得起，即使有保險(xiǎn)。)”可知，Jensen因?yàn)楦甙旱氖中g(shù)費(fèi)而陷入兩難的境地。故選C，【25題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“LuckilyforJensen,hisdoctorisDemetrioAguila.ThenervespecialistgivespatientsathisHealingHandsofNebraskapracticeinPapilliontheoptiontopayforsurgerythroughvolunteerwork.(對Jensen來說幸運(yùn)的是，他的醫(yī)生是DemetrioAguila。這位神經(jīng)專家為他在帕皮利翁的內(nèi)布拉斯加療養(yǎng)之手診所的患者提供了通過志愿者工作支付手術(shù)費(fèi)用的選擇。)”可知，DemetrioAguila醫(yī)生給Jensen提供了一個志愿者的工作來支付自己的醫(yī)療費(fèi)用。故選A?！?6題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“‘Ihadthishopethatwewouldremotivateourneighborsandourselvesasenseofvolunteerism,’hetoldCNN.(他告訴美國有線電視新聞網(wǎng)：‘我希望我們能讓鄰居和我們自己重新激發(fā)出志愿意識?！?”可知，他希望大家都能重新激發(fā)出志愿意識，由此可推測出，他設(shè)立M25項(xiàng)目是為了在人們心中種下志愿者工作的種子。故選D?！?7題詳解】觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段“CountDaveHarvey,founderofthehomelessaidorganizationLeastofMyBrethren,istheonewhoisadmiredbyAguila,‘He’shelpingusbysendingvolunteersourway.’hetoldKMTVinOmaha.‘Whatacoolthing.’(DaveHarvey伯爵是無家可歸者援助組織LeastofMyBrothern的創(chuàng)始人，他是Aguila欽佩的人，他在奧馬哈告訴KMTV：‘他通過向我們派遣志愿者來幫助我們。多么酷的事情啊?！?”可知，DaveHarvey認(rèn)為Aguila給他們派遣了志愿者進(jìn)行援助，這非常酷，由此可推測出，他對M25項(xiàng)目持支持態(tài)度。故選D。C(江蘇省蘇南八校20232024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考英語)Inhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animalsperiodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.Someanimalssuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gainthedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgeneticcode.Andsomeanimalsuseabinationofgeneticsandculturetoguidetheirmigration.Anothergroupofmigratorsdoesnotquitefiteithermodel,andresearchershaveonlyrecentlystartedtofigureouthowtheyfindtheirway.TheCory’sshearwaterisanoceangoingseabirdthatmigratesovertheAtlanticeveryyear.Theyoungdonotmigratewiththeirparents,soculturecannotexplaintheirjourneys.Andtheexactpathsvarywildlyfromindividualtoindividual,makinggeneticsequallyunlikely.Cory’sshearwatersarelonglived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.Researcherscallthisthe“explorationrefinement”,anduntilnowithasbeenhypothetical(假設(shè)的)becauseofdifficultiesintrackingmigratoryanimals’movements.Butateamofresearchershasdonethatbyattachingsmallgeolocatorstomorethan150ofthebirdsagedfourtonine.Theyfoundthatyoungerbirdstraveledlongerdistances,forlongerperiods,andhadmorediversepathsthanolderbirds.“Wefinallyhaveevidenceofthe‘explorationrefinement’formigratorybirds,”saysLetiziaCampioni,wholedthestudy.YoungerCory’sshearwatersareabletoflyjustasfastastheadults——buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomoreexploring,whichgraduallyfadesastheymatureandsettleintoapreferredcourse.“Althoughitmayseemlessefficientthanotherstrategies,explorationrefinementcouldbebeneficialtobirdsandotherorganismsinarapidlychangingworldduetounpredictablemanmadechanges,”saysBarbaraFrei.“Itmightbesafertorepeatabehaviorthatwasrecentlysuccessfulthantorelyonpatternsthatwereperfectedlongagobutmightnolongerbesafe.”28.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.Itdescribesanimals’habitats. B.Itparesdifferentspecies.C.Ittalksaboutmigrationmodels. D.Itintroducesatrackingtechnology.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“this”inParagraph3referto?A.Theopeningforlearningandpractice.B.TheuniquelivinghabitofCory’sshearwaters.C.TheprocessscientiststrackCory’sshearwaters’movements.D.ThewayCory’sshearwatersformtheirmigrationpatterns.30.WhatdoesLetizia’sstudyfindabouttheyoungerCory’sshearwaters?A.Theytravelasmuchasadultbirds. B.Theylowerthespeedforexploration.C.Theymoveinapredictablemanner. D.Theylookforacoursewiththeirparents.31.Whatcanweconcludefromthelastparagraph?A.Explorationrefinementcontributestobirds’adaptability.B.Manmadechangesmakemigrationeasier.C.Animalsmakeasaferjourneyviaafixedtrack.D.Abinationofstrategiesassuresmigrationsuccess【答案】28.C29.D30.B31.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了動物遷徙的遺傳和文化兩種模式，以及一種鳥類通過探索和精煉學(xué)習(xí)遷徙模式的特殊方式?！?8題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Inhabitatsacrosstheplanet,animalsperiodicallydropeverythingtowalk,flyorswimtoanewplace.Someanimalssuchaswhalesandgeeselearnmigrationpathsbyfollowingtheirparents.Others,includingsmallsongbirds,gainthedistanceanddirectionoftheirmigrationwithintheirgeneticcode.Andsomeanimalsuseabinationofgeneticsandculturetoguidetheirmigration.(在世界各地的棲息地，動物們會周期性地放下一切，步行、飛行或游泳到一個新的地方。一些動物，如鯨魚和鵝，通過跟隨父母來學(xué)習(xí)遷徙路線。其他鳥類，包括小型鳴禽，通過遺傳密碼獲得遷徙的距離和方向。有些動物利用基因和文化的結(jié)合來指導(dǎo)它們的遷徙。)”可知，第一段主要描述了動物的不同的遷徙模式。故選C?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞上文“Cory’sshearwatersarelonglived,rarelyproducingyoungsuccessfullybeforeagenine.Thisleavesanopeningforlearningandpracticetodeveloptheirmigrationpatterns.(科里的海鷗壽命很長，很少能在9歲之前成功繁殖后代。這為學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐發(fā)展它們的遷移模式留下了空間。)”可知，上文提到了該海鷗長壽的特點(diǎn)以及其不斷開發(fā)遷徙模式。由此可知，劃線單詞“this”指的是該海鷗形成這種遷徙模式的方法。故選D。【30題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“YoungerCory’sshearwatersareabletoflyjustasfastastheadults——buttheydonot,suggestingthattheyoungdomoreexploring,whichgraduallyfadesastheymatureandsettleintoapreferredcourse.(年輕的科里海鷗能飛得和成年海鷗一樣快——但它們不會這樣，這表明年輕的海鷗會做更多的探索，隨著它們成熟并適應(yīng)一個首選的路線，這種探索會逐漸消失。)”可知，年輕的科里海鷗為了進(jìn)行更多的探索而降低了自己的飛行速度。故選B?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““Althoughitmayseemlessefficientthanotherstrategies,explorationrefinementcouldbebeneficialtobirdsandotherorganismsinarapidlychangingworldduetounpredictablemanmadechanges,”saysBarbaraFrei.“Itmightbesafertorepeatabehaviorthatwasrecentlysuccessfulthantorelyonpatternsthatwereperfectedlongagobutmightnolongerbesafe.”(BarbaraFrei說：“盡管與其他策略相比，這種方法似乎效率較低，但在一個由于不可預(yù)測的人為變化而迅速變化的世界中，探索改進(jìn)可能對鳥類和其他生物有益。重復(fù)最近成功的行為可能比依賴很久以前完善但可能不再安全的模式更安全?！?”可知，這種鳥類的這種探索改進(jìn)雖然效率低，但是更有助于鳥類在這個瞬息萬變的世界存活下去，也就是說探索遷徙路線會有助于鳥類的適應(yīng)性。故選A。D(山東省臨沂市部分學(xué)校20232024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月聯(lián)考英語試題)Thesoundofchildren’slaughterisnotsomethingyouoftenhearatahospital.YetinthehallwaysofChildren’sHealthofOrangeCounty(CHOCHospital)inOrange,California,thejoyoussoundofkidshavingfunwillsoonbeamonoccurrence.That’sbecauseHondateamedupwiththehospitaltocreateafirstofitskindelectriccarmadejustforkids!Shogoisthechildsizedelectricrideoncar,whichwasbuiltbyHondathroughtheircharitable“ProjectCourage”,aninitiativeaimedataddingsomemuchneededhappinesstothedaysofchildrenbattlingwithseriousillnessesinhospital.ShogowasmadeentirelybyHonda’sengineers,andthey’reincrediblyproudofit.ThecarhasbeenusedatCHOCinplaceofwheelchairs.Now,patientscandrivethemselvestotheirtreatmentsinvariouspartsofthehospital,givingthemareasontolookforwardtotheseproceduresinsteadofdreadingthem.Shogoismeantforchilddriversaged4through9.Thecarhasasimplestop/gomechanismtheycaneasilyuse,andit’scapableofgoingaboutonetofivemilesperhour.Don’tworry,though;thespeediscontrollednotbythekidsbutbyanurseorcaregiverwalkingalongsidethecar.Safetywasatthetopoftheengineers’mindswhenmakingShogo.Besides,thevehiclehasnodoorssokidscaneasilygetinandout,asofttothetouchinteriorthatcanbewashedtostaysanitary(衛(wèi)生的)inahospitalsetting,anditesequippedwithanI.V.poleholder.There’sevenatoyholderandahornwithdifferentsoundoptions,andkidscancreatetheirowncustomlicenseplateforthebuiltinholder.Sofar,everypatientwhohastriedShogohasabsolutelylovedit!Whatafantasticinvention!There’snothingmorebeautifulthanthesoundofkidshavingfun,andwe’resodelightedthatcaregiversatCHOCwillgettohearthatsoundmoreoftenfromnowon.32.WhydoesHondabuildShogowithCHOCHospital?A.Toimprovetheservicequalityofnurses.B.Toinitiatethecharitable“ProjectCourage”.C.Tomakehospitalstaymorefunforsickkids.D.Tohelppatientsknowtheirtreatmentprocedures.33.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dreading”meaninparagraph3?A.Beingbusywith. B.Beingafraidof. C.Catchingupwith. D.Takingcontrolof.34.WhatcanhelpkeepchilddriverssafewhentheydrivetheShogo?A.Thelittlepatients’drivinglicense. B.Theadvancedequipmentonthecar.C.ThedesignbytheHonda’sengineers. D.Thepanyofanurseoracaregiver.35.Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph5?A.Shogocanbeeasilycontrolledbythechilddrivers.B.Shogocanofferatinypatientapleasantexperience.C.MoreShogoeswillbeusedinplaceofwheelchairs.D.Honda’sengineersareproudofthedesignofShogo.【答案】32.C33.B34.D35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹醫(yī)院內(nèi)的小病人乘坐特殊電動車自行前往醫(yī)院各科室接受治療?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“aninitiativeaimedataddingsomemuchneededhappinesstothedaysofchildrenbattlingwithseriousillnessesinhospital(旨在為兒童在醫(yī)院與重病作斗爭的日子增添一些急需的快樂的新方案)”可知，Honda建造Shogo的目的是使生病的孩子們在住院期間獲得更多快樂。故選C?！?3題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段中“Now,patientscandrivethemselvestotheirtreatmentsinvariouspartsofthehospital,givingthemareasontolookforwardtotheseproceduresinsteadof.(現(xiàn)在，病人可以自己開車去醫(yī)院的各個地方接受治療，這讓他們有理由期待這些手術(shù))”可知，這樣做是讓孩子們渴望去治療而不是恐懼治療。A.Beingbusywith忙于；B.Beingafraidof害怕；C.Catchingupwith趕上；D.Takingcontrolof控制。故選B?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Don’tworry,though;thespeediscontrollednotbythekidsbutbyanurseorcaregiverwalkingalongsidethecar.(不過，別擔(dān)心；速度不是由孩子們控制的，而是由走在車旁邊的護(hù)士或看護(hù)人控制的。)”可知，護(hù)士和護(hù)工的陪伴可以保證孩子開車時安全。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Safetywasatthetopoftheengineers’mindswhenmakingShogo.Besides,thevehiclehasnodoorssokidscaneasilygetinandout,asofttothetouchinteriorthatcanbewashedtostaysanitary(衛(wèi)生的)inahospitalsetting,anditesequippedwithanI.V.poleholder.There’sevenatoyholderandahornwithdifferentsoundoptions,andkidscancreatetheirowncustomlicenseplateforthebuiltinholder.Sofar,everypatientwhohastriedShogohasabsolutelylovedit!(在制造Shogo時，工程師們首先考慮的是安全問題。此外，這輛車沒有門，所以孩子們可以很容易地進(jìn)出，柔軟的內(nèi)部觸感可以清洗，在醫(yī)院環(huán)境中保持衛(wèi)生，它配備了一個靜脈注射桿支架。甚至還有一個玩具支架和一個有不同聲音選項(xiàng)的喇叭，孩子們可以為內(nèi)置支架制作自己的定制車牌。到目前為止，每個嘗試過Shogo的病人都非常喜歡它!)”可知，Shogo裝載的設(shè)備可以讓孩子們在使用Shogo時會有愉快的體驗(yàn)。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分,滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(江蘇省南通市海安市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)20232024學(xué)年高二上學(xué)期12月月考英語試題)Campingessentials(必需品)Campingcanbeafunandcheapfamilyactivityorvacation.Butyoudoneedquiteafewsuppliestomanagelifeinthegreatoutdoors.___36___.Andremembertocheckyourcampingessentials.TentUnlessyou’resleepingunderthestarsoryouhaveacamperoranRV,don’tforgettheobviousone:atent!Checkthemeasurementsanduserreviewswhenyouarebuyingone.SleepingBagandPillowEveniftheweatherlookshotforyourcampingtrip,bringasleepingbagforeverycamper.Withoutapillow,youwouldbefacingarockynight’ssleep.___37___.___38___Flashlightsareanothercampingitem.Bringmultipleflashlightsandextrabatteries,andalsoconsiderbuyingacampinglantern.Lanternsaregreatbecausetheyshedmorelightinalldirectionsandstandontheirownsothatyoucanplaycardsorgamesatnight.TheAntiitchCreamKeepawayfrommosquitoes,blackfliesandotherbiters.Don’tforgettheantiitchcreamtoapplyafterinsectbites.___39___.Askdoctorsforwhichproductstouse.CampfireSuppliesMatchesstoredinaplasticbag,dryfirewoodanddrynewspapersareallyouneedforacampfire.___40___.Eachcampfireshouldhaveitsownstonecampfirespotandmanyalsoprovideacastironshelfforcookingon.Inaddition,thereareothercampingessentials,suchaskitchenitems,bottledfoodandwater,toiletpaper,firstaidkits,andbooksandgames.Alltheabovecanenrichyouroutdoorcamping.A.CardsorgamesB.FlashlightsandlanternsC.KidsalsolikehavingapillowforthelongcarrideD.Bringclothesforalltypesofweather,fromhottorainydaysE.Findoutwhatyou’llneedtopackforyourcampingadventureF.YouandyourkidscandoaquickhuntfordrywoodforyourfireG.Justkeepinmindthatmanysprayscontainhighlevelsofchemicals【答案】36.E37.C38.B39.G40.F【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。露營可以是一種既有趣又便宜的家庭活動或假期。文章就露營需要攜帶的物品給出了五點(diǎn)建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文Butyoudoneedquiteafewsuppliestomanagelifeinthegreatoutdoors.可知你確實(shí)需要一些用品來應(yīng)對戶外生活?？芍挛膽?yīng)是繼續(xù)建議：找出你需要為你的野營冒險(xiǎn)準(zhǔn)備的東西。故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文Withoutapillow,youwouldbefacingarockynight’ssleep.沒有枕頭，夜晚你將睡不好。關(guān)鍵詞pillow可對應(yīng)到C選項(xiàng)中havingapillow，意思是：孩子們也喜歡在長途汽車旅行時有一個枕頭。故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文第一句Flashlightsareanothercampingitem.可知提到了手電筒是另一種露營用品。故本段為建議帶上手電筒或者提燈等照明設(shè)備，故選B?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文Don’tforgettheantiitchcreamtoapplyafterinsectbites.可知別忘了在被昆蟲叮咬后使用止癢霜。以及后文Askdoctorsforwhichproductstouse.詢問醫(yī)生使用哪些產(chǎn)品。可知是因?yàn)樵S多噴霧劑含有高濃度的化學(xué)物質(zhì)，因此在使用前要咨詢醫(yī)生的意見，故選G。【40題詳解】根據(jù)上文Matchesstoredinaplasticbag,dryfirewoodanddrynewspapersareallyouneedforacampfire.可知火柴儲存在塑料袋里，干柴和干報(bào)紙是你生火所