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授課內(nèi)容(英文):緒論第一章現(xiàn)代化交通運(yùn)輸?shù)谝还?jié)現(xiàn)代化交通運(yùn)輸?shù)姆N類及特征Chapter1ModernTransportation1.1Modesandcharacteristicsofmoderntransportation運(yùn)輸?shù)闹匾赃\(yùn)輸業(yè)的重要性-衣、食、住、行四大文明古國(guó):古埃及(尼羅河),古巴比倫(底格里斯河和幼發(fā)拉底河)、古印度(恒河)、古中國(guó)(黃河)-三角地帶土地肥沃、適合農(nóng)耕;更重要的是運(yùn)輸便利。古代:兵馬未動(dòng),糧草先行。(曹操擅長(zhǎng)截糧道)二戰(zhàn)期間:爭(zhēng)奪制空權(quán)、封鎖海上通道、珍珠港等制定運(yùn)價(jià)的權(quán)利是使荒野變城市和城市變成荒野的權(quán)利-《運(yùn)輸經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)》TheImportanceofTransportImportanceoftransport-clothing,food,shelterandtransportationFourancientcivilizations:ancientEgypt(Nile),ancientBabylon(TigrisandEuphrates),ancientIndia(Ganges),ancientChina(Yellowriver)-Trianglelandfertile,suitableforfarming;moreimportantly,convenienttransportation.Ancient:Anarmymarchesonitsstomach(CaoCaoisgoodatcuttingpathfortransportingfood)DuringWorldWarII:competitionforairsupremacy,blockadeofsealanes,PearlHarborTherighttosettariffsistherighttoturnwildernessintocitiesandviceversa-TransportationEconomics運(yùn)輸業(yè)的產(chǎn)品人和貨物的位移特點(diǎn):1、既不能儲(chǔ)存和積累2、隨時(shí)生產(chǎn)隨時(shí)消費(fèi)單位:人公里噸公里TransportproductsThedisplacementofpeopleandgoodsFeatures:1cannotbestoredandaccumulated2ProduceatanytimeandconsumeatanytimeUnit:km/personton/kmAdvantagesanddisadvantagesoffivemaintransportationmodesRailway:largevolume(20thousandtons)五種現(xiàn)代化運(yùn)輸方式及各自的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)鐵路:運(yùn)量大(2萬(wàn)噸)FastLowcost,lessaffectedbyclimate,longtransportdistance鐵路事故現(xiàn)場(chǎng)Railwayaccidentscene鐵路造價(jià)從宜昌至萬(wàn)州全長(zhǎng)378公里,共有隧道114座、橋梁183座;宜萬(wàn)鐵路,東起宜昌花艷,向西經(jīng)宜都、長(zhǎng)陽(yáng)、巴東、建始、恩施、利川至重慶市所轄萬(wàn)州區(qū),全長(zhǎng)378公里,總投資約170億元。宜萬(wàn)鐵路還將創(chuàng)中國(guó)鐵路平均造價(jià)之最,平均每公里需耗資4500萬(wàn)元左右。而工程環(huán)境極為艱難的青藏鐵路,平均每公里造價(jià)在1000萬(wàn)元左右?!?/p>

RailwaycostYichang–Wanzhou(Yiwanrailway):itstotallengthis378km;thereare114tunnelsand183bridges.ItseastendisHuayan,

passingwestthroughYidu,Changyang,Badong,Jianshi,Enshi,LichuantoWanzhou,Chongqing;thetotalinvestmentisabout17billionyuan.

YiWanrailwayalsocreatesthehighestaveragecostofChineseRailways,theaveragecostis45millionyuanperkilometer.TheengineeringenvironmentoftheQinghaiTibetrailwayisextremelydifficult,itsaveragecostisabout10millionyuanperkilometer."公路HighwayHighwaycost高速公路是使用周期長(zhǎng)、技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)高和投資巨大的基礎(chǔ)性設(shè)施,為保證行車速度和行車安全,高速公路的路線線形和建筑材料都有嚴(yán)格的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和要求,在高速公路的造價(jià)中,僅材料費(fèi)用就占到40~50%,高速公路征地拆遷費(fèi)用、通訊監(jiān)控等交通設(shè)施費(fèi)用在造價(jià)中也占有很大比重。在我國(guó)一般平原微丘區(qū),高速公路平均每公里造價(jià)為3000萬(wàn)元左右,在山區(qū),高速公路平均每公里造價(jià)接近4000萬(wàn)元。HighwaycostThehighwayisthebasicfacilitiesfortheuseoflongcycle,hightechnicalstandardandhugeinvestment;inordertoensuretrafficspeedandtrafficsafety,highwayalignmentandbuildingmaterialshavestringentstandardsandrequirements;asforthecostofhighwayconstruction,materialcostsaccountsfor40to50%;highwaylandacquisitionanddemolitioncosts,communicationmonitoringandothertransportfacilitiesintheconstructioncostsalsoaccountforalargeproportion.InChina'sgeneralplainhillyarea,theaveragecostperkilometerofhighwayisabout30millionyuan;inthemountains,thehighwaycostperkilometerisnearly40millionyuan.水運(yùn)waterway澳大利亞4萬(wàn)噸巨輪(擱淺)Australiaship40thousandtons(grounding)內(nèi)河運(yùn)輸:赤灣港Inlandwaterwaytransport:ChiwanPortTheYangtzeRiverYellowRiver冰封的河面

Frozenriver

AviationBoeing777空中客車Airbus管道運(yùn)輸Pipelinetransportation現(xiàn)代化交通運(yùn)輸方式有:鐵路公路水路航空管道ModeofTransportation:RailwayHighwayWaterwayAviationPipelinetransportation方式鐵路公路水運(yùn)航空管道運(yùn)量較大小最大小大運(yùn)速較快較快最慢最快較差運(yùn)費(fèi)較低較高最低最高較低靈活性較差最強(qiáng)較差較差最差連續(xù)性較好一般差差

最強(qiáng)受自然影響較小較小大大最小投資高較高最低高高交通運(yùn)輸?shù)奈宸N方式比較ModesrailwayhighwaywaterwayaviationpipelinevolumeLargerSmallLargestSmalllargeTransportspeedfasterfasterSlowestFastestslowertransportationexpensesLowerHigherLowestHighestlowerflexibilityWorseBestWorseWorseworstcontinuityBetterCommonBadBadbestInfluencedbynatureSmallerSmallerBigBigsmallestinvestmentHighHigherLowestHighHighComparisonoffivemaintransportationmodes:交通運(yùn)輸方式的合理選擇四大評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo):經(jīng)濟(jì)性、迅速性、安全性和通達(dá)性選擇的一般原則:ReasonableChoiceofModeofTransportation

各種運(yùn)輸方式各有個(gè)的優(yōu)劣之處

應(yīng)該協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展鐵路為骨干,公路為基礎(chǔ),充分發(fā)揮水運(yùn),包括內(nèi)河,沿海和遠(yuǎn)洋航運(yùn)的作用,積極發(fā)展航空運(yùn)輸,適當(dāng)發(fā)展管道運(yùn)輸,建設(shè)統(tǒng)一的綜合交通運(yùn)輸體系。Allkindsoftransportmodeshavetheirownadvantagesanddisadvantages,theyshouldbedevelopedcoordinately.Therailwayshouldbethebackboneoftransportation;highroadisthebasis;weshouldmakefulluseofwatertransport,includinginland,coastalandoceanshipping;activelydevelopairtransport,anddeveloppipelinetransportationappropriately.Soastoconstructaunifiedintegratedtransportsystem.第二章鐵路發(fā)展概況第一節(jié)鐵路發(fā)展史世界鐵路概況1.2IntroductiontoRailwayDevelopmentHistoryofRailwayDevelopmentWorldRailwayOverview世界上第一條鐵路的誕生世界上第一條鐵路是英國(guó)在

1825

年修建的斯托克頓——達(dá)林頓鐵路。斯托克頓和達(dá)林頓相距約

21

公里

,由于地處產(chǎn)煤地區(qū),資本家早就擬定了修建鐵路的計(jì)劃,但是遭到封建貴族的阻撓和反對(duì)。他們認(rèn)為,修鐵路有違圣經(jīng)的教義,是對(duì)上帝的背叛。說什么火車冒出的黑煙不僅損害田禾,使五谷不生,而且會(huì)毒化草地,連乳牛也不能出奶了。因此,幾次申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃都沒有得到國(guó)會(huì)的批準(zhǔn)。然而,歷史的車輪是不斷前進(jìn)的,新生產(chǎn)力的發(fā)展迫使貴族們不得不讓步。經(jīng)過幾次波折之后,終于批準(zhǔn)了這條鐵路的修建。由于斯蒂芬遜的才能被資本家看中,雇用他來(lái)督修這條鐵路和制造蒸汽機(jī)車。

1822

5

23

日在斯托克頓開工,用了三年多的時(shí)間修建成功。線路的設(shè)備和當(dāng)今現(xiàn)代化鐵路當(dāng)然無(wú)法比擬。鐵軌是魚肚形的熟鐵軌,每碼重

28

(合每米

13.9

公斤

)。機(jī)車只有兩臺(tái)(其中一臺(tái)就是“旅行號(hào)”),大小不及現(xiàn)代普通機(jī)車的

1/20

,有一對(duì)直立的汽缸和一對(duì)直徑

48

英寸

(約合

122

厘米

)的動(dòng)輪,后加一個(gè)煤水車,總重量只有九噸,行速每小時(shí)八英里(約合

13

公里

)。

Thebirthoftheworld'sfirstrailroadTheworld'sfirstrailwayisStockton-DarlingtonrailwayofBritishwhichwasbuiltin1825.StocktonandDarlingtonareabout21kilometers;becauseit’slocatedinthecoal-producingareas,thecapitalistshavelongdrawnupplanstobuildtherailway;however,theplansmetthefeudalaristocracy’sobstructionandopposition.Intheirview,theconstructionoftherailwaywasagainsttheteachingsoftheBibleandabetrayaltoGod.Theysaidthatthesmokeemittedbythetrainwouldnotonlydamagethefieldwhichwouldn'tproducefood,andwouldpoisonthegrassaswell,eventhecowscouldnotmilkout.Asaresult,severalapplicationshadnotbeenapprovedbyCongress.Thewheelsofhistory,however,wereconstantlymovingforward,andthedevelopmentofnewproductiveforcesforcedthenoblestogivein.Afterseveraltwistsandturns,andfinallytheconstructionoftherailwaywasapproved.AsStevenson'sabilitywaspreferredbycapitalists,hewashiredtoconstructtherailwayandmanufacturingsteamlocomotive.OnMay23,1822,therailroadstartedinStockton,andittookmorethanthreeyearstobuildit.Ofcoursemodernrailtheequipmentcannotmatchedwithmodernrail.Thetrackwasafish-belly-shapedtrack,28poundsperyardheavy(13.9kgpermeter).Therewereonlytwolocomotives(oneofwhichisthe"travel"),whichwerelessthanthesizeofmodernordinarylocomotive1/20;therewereapairofuprightcylinders,movingwheelswithadiameterof48inches(about122cm),andacoalwatercar;thetotalweightwasonlyninetons,andthelinespeedwaseightmilesperhour(about13km).第二章鐵路發(fā)展概況第一節(jié)鐵路發(fā)展史中國(guó)鐵路發(fā)展史Development

HistoryofChineseRailway中國(guó)鐵路歷史:1875年(光緒元年)上海到吳淞口輕便窄軌鐵路;1880年唐山~胥各莊礦區(qū)輕便鐵路,馬牽引;1881年改用簡(jiǎn)易蒸汽機(jī)車牽引。唐胥鐵路用蒸汽機(jī)車ChinaRailwayHistory:1875(Guangxufirstyear)ShanghaitoWusongkoulightnarrowgaugerailway;1880TangshantoXuGezhuangmininglightrail,horsetraction;1881firstlyusedsimplesteamlocomotivetractionTangXurailwaysteamlocomotive青藏鐵路QinghaiTibetrailwayCRH3上海磁懸浮列車示范線ShanghaiMaglevTrainDemonstrationLineThankYou!授課內(nèi)容(英文):第二章鐵道車輛Chapter2RailwayVehicles一、車輛種類鐵路車輛按用途分:客車、貨車、特種用途車三類。

I.TypesofvehiclesRailwayvehiclescanbedividedintothreecategoriesaccordingtoitspurposes:passengertrain,freighttrain,specialpurposevehicles.客車PassengertrainXL25KSpeedluggagecart75SYW25BMediumandlong-distanceairconditioningdoublehardsleeper76Anewgenerationof25.5metersdedicatedseniorofficialtrainC64utilitygondola,load61tons1、通用貨車2.貨車1Generalfreighttrain2.Freighttrain(2)敞車(C)(2)Gondola(C)C76型運(yùn)煤專用敞車

C76specialcoalgondola

(3)平車(N),車體為一平板或設(shè)有活動(dòng)墻板,可以裝運(yùn)砂石等。在裝長(zhǎng)大貨物時(shí),可將側(cè)、端板翻下,主要用于裝運(yùn)木材、鋼軌、汽車、拖拉機(jī)、橋梁、軍用特載等貨物。

(3)Flatcar(N),thebodyisaflatorwithamovablewall,youcantransportgravelandsoon.Whenloadinglonggoods,thesideandendplatecanbeputdown;itismainlyusedfortheshipmentofwood,rails,cars,tractors,bridges,militaryspecialloadandothergoods.

2、專用貨車(1)罐車(G),車體為一圓筒形,專門用于裝載液體、液化氣體和壓縮氣體等貨物。

2Specialtrucks

(1)Tank(G),thebodyiscylindrical,specificallyforloadingliquids,liquefiedgasesandcompressedgasesandothergoods.GH64型濃硝酸罐車該型車是供裝運(yùn)濃硝酸的專用車輛。GH64concentratednitricacidtankerThevehicleisspecialvehiclefortheshipmentofconcentratednitricacid.(2)冷藏車(B)(2)Refrigeratedtrucks(B)

(3)集裝箱車(X)只具有車底架,但比平車底架強(qiáng)度太,專門用于裝運(yùn)集裝箱。

(3)Containertruck(X)hasonlythechassis,butthechassisstrengthislargerthanthatofflat,specificallyfortheshipmentofcontainers.

(4)礦石車(K)專供運(yùn)送各種礦石,一般為全鋼車體。為卸貨方便,有的車體下部做成漏斗形,設(shè)底開門;有的整個(gè)車體能借液壓或空氣壓力的作用向一側(cè)傾斜,并可開此邊側(cè)門(所以又稱自翻車)。礦石漏斗車

(4)Orecar(K)isusedspecificallyforthedeliveryofvariousminerals,generallyitsbodyissteel.Somecars’entirebodycanbeinclinedtothesidebyhydraulicorairpressureandopenthesidedoor(calledasdumpcar).礦石漏斗車

(5)長(zhǎng)大貨物車(D)供運(yùn)送長(zhǎng)大貨物用,一般載重量為90t以上,長(zhǎng)度19米以上,無(wú)墻板,車地板為一平板,有的車中部凹下或設(shè)有落下孔,便于裝載高大貨物充分利用限界高度。(5)Oversizecommoditycar(d)isusedtotransport

oversizecommodity,

thegeneralloadcapacityismorethan90t,thelengthismorethan19meters;ithasnowallboard,thecarfloorisaflat,andsomecarshavecentralconcaveorawellhole,whichiseasytoloadlargecargoandmakefulluseofclearanceheight.二、車輛標(biāo)記

為了表示車輛的性能及特殊設(shè)備,以便識(shí)別并合理運(yùn)用和管理車輛,在車輛上須涂刷規(guī)定的各種標(biāo)記,這種標(biāo)記稱為車輛標(biāo)記。凡鐵道部屬車輛必須涂刷的標(biāo)記,稱為共同標(biāo)記;因車輛設(shè)有特殊設(shè)備或有注意事項(xiàng),而涂刷的標(biāo)記稱為特殊標(biāo)記;廠礦專用車的標(biāo)記可由廠礦自定,其中有部分標(biāo)記與鐵路標(biāo)記不同。

II.VehiclemarksInordertoexpresstheperformanceofvehiclesandspecialequipment,inordertoidentifyandrationaluseandvehiclemanagement,thevehiclemustbepaintedonavarietyofspecifiedmark,thismarkiscalledthevehiclemark.VehiclesbelongingtotheMinistryofRailwaysmustbebrushedthemark,knownasthecommonmark;Vehiclesequippedwithspecialequipmentorprecautionsarebrushedthemarkknownasaspecialmark;Factoryandminespecialvehiclesaremarkedbyfactoriesandmines,someofwhicharedifferentfromtherailwaymarks.

1.國(guó)徽凡參加國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)的客車,車體兩外側(cè)中部須裝有國(guó)徽。

2、路徽凡屬鐵道部的車輛,都應(yīng)按規(guī)定涂刷表示“人民鐵路”的路徽。在貨軍側(cè)粱的端部還應(yīng)裝產(chǎn)權(quán)牌(路徽標(biāo)志牌)以區(qū)別廠礦自備車。(一)共同標(biāo)記CommonmarksNationalemblem:

forpassengertrainsparticipatingintheinternationaltransport,thecentralbodyshouldbeequippedwithbothsidesofthenationalemblem.Roadbadge:allthevehiclesbelongingtoMinistryofRailwaysshouldbepaintedwith“people'srailway"theemblemaccordingtotheprovisions.Theendofthesidebeaminthefreightshouldalsobeequippedwithpropertylicensing(roadsignslogo)todistinguishfactoriesandminesownedvehiclesfromcommonvehicles.3、配屬標(biāo)記所有客車和有固定配屬的貨車,應(yīng)涂刷所屬鐵路局和車輛段的簡(jiǎn)稱。例如,“京局莊段”表示北京鐵路局石家莊車輛段的配屬車??蛙嚺鋵贅?biāo)記涂在車體兩端墻外側(cè)左下角,貨車一般涂在側(cè)墻外側(cè)。4.客車定員標(biāo)記客車應(yīng)在客室兩內(nèi)端墻上部和車體外端墻上,按客車設(shè)備(座位或臥鋪數(shù))標(biāo)明可容納的額定人數(shù)。

(一)共同標(biāo)記Affiliationmark:

allpassengercarsandfixed-ownedgoodsvehiclesshouldbebrushedtheabbreviationoftheirrespectiverailwaybureauanddepot.Forexample,the"BeijingBureauZhuangSection"saidtheBeijingRailwayBureau’sShijiazhuangDepotvehicles.Passengertrain’saffiliationmarkispaintedonbothsidesofthelowerleftcorneroftheoutsidewall;freighttrain’saffiliationmarkisgenerallypaintedonthelateralwall.Passengercapacitytag:passengercarsshouldbeinthepassengerroomontheinsideofthetwowallsandthecarexteriorwall,accordingtopassengerequipment(seatsorsleeper)thatcanaccommodatetheratednumber.Commonmarks5.車輛車型、車號(hào)編碼標(biāo)記貨車一般涂在外側(cè)墻或車門上,客車涂在兩側(cè)墻的兩端靠近車門處和客室內(nèi)端墻上部。在客車車型車號(hào)標(biāo)記的左側(cè)或右側(cè),還用漢字標(biāo)明該車車種,如“硬座車”等,以便旅客識(shí)別。

(一)共同標(biāo)記Vehiclemodels,vehiclecodemarks:freighttrainsareusuallypaintedontheoutsidewallordoor;passengertrainsarepaintedonbothsidesofthewallwhichisattheupperendwallnearthedoorandpassengerroom.Ontheleftsideorrightsideofthepassengertrainnumber,itisalsomarkedwithChinesecharacters,suchas"hardseatcar"andsoon,inordertohelppassengerstoidentify.Commonmarks為了表示車輛類型、構(gòu)造特點(diǎn)以及便于運(yùn)用和管理,在車輛規(guī)定的處所,由車輛工廠或車輛段涂寫規(guī)定的車種、車型、車號(hào)編碼??蛙囓囕v的車型、車號(hào)編碼貨車車輛的車型、車號(hào)編碼一)共同標(biāo)記Inordertoshowthetypeofvehicles,constructionfeatures,aswellaseasytouseandmanagement,thevehicleplantorvehicledepotwritetheprescribedmodels,models,vehiclecodeonthevehicles.PassengertrainmodelsandcodeFreighttrainmodelsandcodeCommonmarks客車的車型車號(hào)由基本型號(hào)、輔助型號(hào)和車輛制造順序號(hào)碼三部分組成。(1)基本型號(hào)基本型號(hào)即車輛的車種編碼,一般用2個(gè)或3個(gè)大寫漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表示。如“YZ”、“YW”、“SYZ”等。Passengertrainmodelsandcodeiscomposedofthebasicmodels,auxiliarymodelsandvehiclemanufacturingsequencenumber.1)BasicmodelsThebasicmodelisthevehicletypecode,generallywith2or3capitalizedChinesephoneticalphabet.E.g.“YZ”、“YW”、“SYZ”(2)輔助型號(hào)為表示同一種型號(hào)的客車的不同結(jié)構(gòu)系列及內(nèi)部有特殊設(shè)施時(shí),用一位或兩位小阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字及小號(hào)漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表示,附在基本型號(hào)的右下角。將這些小阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字和小漢語(yǔ)拼音字母稱為車輛的輔助型號(hào)。例如YZ22、YZ25B等中的“22”、“25B”均為輔助型號(hào)。

2)AuxiliarymodelsInordertoexpressthesametypeofpassengertrain’sdifferentstructureseriesandinternalspecialfacilities,oneortwosmallArabicnumeralsandsmallChinesephoneticalphabetindicateauxiliarymodels,attachedtothebottomrightcornerofthebasicmodels.Forexample,"22"and"25B"in

YZ22,YZ25B,etc.areallauxiliarymodels(3)客車制造順序號(hào)碼表示按預(yù)先規(guī)定的規(guī)則而編排的某一車種的順序號(hào)碼。用以區(qū)分同一類型的不同車輛,用大阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字表示,記在基本型號(hào)和輔助型號(hào)的右側(cè)。例如,客車車號(hào)標(biāo)記YZ25B

38788,其中Yz表示基本型號(hào)(硬座車);25B表示輔助型號(hào)(非空調(diào)型或本車供電空調(diào)型);38788表示客車制造順序號(hào)碼。

3)VehiclemanufacturingsequencenumberItrepresentstheordernumberofaparticularvehicleprogrammedaccordingtoapredeterminedrule,whichisusedtodistinguishbetweendifferenttypesofvehiclesofthesametype,withlargeArabicnumerals,recordedontherightofbasicmodelandauxiliarymodels.Forexample,thepassengertrainnumbermarkedYZ25B38788,whereYzrepresentsthebasemodel(hardseattrain);25Bisanauxiliarytype(non-air-conditioningtypeoravehicle-suppliedair-conditioningtype),and38788isapassengertrainmanufacturingsequencenumber.車種編號(hào)RZ110000——199999YZ300000——499999RW500000——599999YW600000——799999VehicletypeNumberRZ110000——199999YZ300000——499999RW500000——599999YW600000——799999貨車的車型車號(hào)由基本型號(hào)、輔助型號(hào)和車輛制造順序號(hào)碼三部分組成。(1)車種編碼方法車種編碼原則上用該車種漢字名稱中關(guān)鍵字的一個(gè)大寫漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表示。(2)車型編碼方法車型編碼用大寫漢語(yǔ)拼音字母和數(shù)字混合表示,依次由下面三部分組成:

Freighttrainmodelsandcodeiscomposedofthebasicmodels,auxiliarymodelsandvehiclemanufacturingsequencenumber.(1)

VehicletypeencodingmethodVehiclecodeinprincipleshouldbeindicatedbyChinesecharactersinthenameofacapitalizedChinesephoneticalphabet.(2)VehicleencodingmethodVehiclecodeisthemixedrepresentationofcapitalizedChinesephoneticalphabetanddigital,followedbythefollowingthreeparts:

第一部分為貨車所屬車種編碼,用l位大寫字母表示,作為車型編碼的首部。如C、P、N、G等第二部分為貨車的重量系列或順序系列,用1位或2位數(shù)字或大寫字母表示。第三部分為貨車的材質(zhì)或結(jié)構(gòu),用1位或2位大寫字母表示。

Thefirstpartofthevehiclebelongstothevehiclecode,withl-bitcapitalletters,asthefirsttraincoding.SuchasC,P,N,Gandsoon.Thesecondpartisthetrain'sweightseriesorsequenceofseries,with1or2digitsorcapitalletters.Thethirdpartisthematerialorstructureofgoodsvehicles,with1or2capitalletters.例如:C62A型敞車C62A

車種重量系列結(jié)構(gòu)

C62B型敞車C62B

車種重量系列材質(zhì)(耐候鋼)

N17A型敝車N17A

車種順序系列結(jié)構(gòu)Forexample:C62AGondolaC62Avehicletype

weightseriesstructureC62BGondolaC62Bvehicletype

weightseriesmaterial(weatheringsteel)N17ApassengertrainN17Avehicleseriesstructure(3)車號(hào)編碼方法

l、車號(hào)采用七位數(shù)字代碼,可編貨車的容量為9999999輛。

2、同車種車型貨車的車號(hào)必須集中在TB/T2435--93劃定的碼域內(nèi),以便從車號(hào)編碼反映貨車的車種、車型。

3、每輛貨車的車號(hào)編碼在全國(guó)范圍必須唯一。

(3)Vehiclemanufacturingsequencenumber①Thevehiclecodeusesseven-digitcode,thecapacityofthelorryis9,999,999vehicles.②

ThevehiclenumberofsamevehicletypemustbeconcentratedinthecodeareaofTB/T2435-93,inordertoreflectthetruckcodefromthevehicletypeencodingandvehicleencoding.③Thecodenumberofeachtruckmustbeuniqueacrossthecountry.編碼車種編碼車種編碼棚車P集裝箱車X水泥車U敞車C礦石車K糧食車L平車N長(zhǎng)大貨物車D特種車T罐車G毒品車W冷藏車B家畜車JCodeVehicletype

CodeVehicletype

CodeBoxcarPContainertruckXCementingtruckUGondolaCOrecarKFoodtruckLFlatcarNOversizecommoditycarDSpecialvehicleTTankGDrugcarWRefrigeratedtruckBStockcarJVehicletype

NumberrangeBoxcar3000000——3499999Gondola4000000——4899999Flatcar5000000——5099999Containertruck5200000——5249999Tank6000000——63099996、貨車性能標(biāo)記貨車性能標(biāo)記一般涂打在車體兩側(cè)墻的右端。

(1)載重,表示該車允許的最大載重量(t),又稱標(biāo)記載重。

(2)自重,表示車輛本身的全部重量(t)。

(3)容積,表示可供裝載貨物的最大容積(m。),并在其下部括號(hào)內(nèi)注明“內(nèi)長(zhǎng)×內(nèi)寬×內(nèi)高”或“內(nèi)長(zhǎng)×內(nèi)寬”尺寸,以便裝車時(shí)參考。

Truckperformancemarking:

generallypaintedontherightsideofthewallofthetrainbody.(1)Load,themaximumload(T),whichindicatesthemaximumloadofthevehicle.

(2)Weight,thetotalweightofthevehicleitself(t).

(3)Volume,representsthemaximumvolumeofgoodsavailableforloading(M.),andindicatesthe"length*innerwidth*high"or"long*width"sizeinthelowerbrackets,fortrainloadingreference.平車、集裝箱車、長(zhǎng)大貨物車不涂打容積標(biāo)記,而涂打長(zhǎng)、寬標(biāo)記。

(4)換長(zhǎng),是車輛換算長(zhǎng)度的簡(jiǎn)稱,又稱計(jì)算長(zhǎng)度或簡(jiǎn)稱計(jì)長(zhǎng)。車輛的換長(zhǎng)等于車輛全長(zhǎng)除以1l(保留小數(shù)一位,尾數(shù)四舍五人)。

7、車輛檢修標(biāo)記

廠、段修標(biāo)記和輔修標(biāo)記。(詳見第3節(jié))Flatcar,containertrucksandoversizecommoditycar

arenotcoatedwithvolumemark,butwiththelengthandwidthmarks.(4)Vehicleconversionlength,alsoknownasthelengthofcalculation.Theconversionlengthofthevehicleisequaltothelengthofthevehicledividedby1l(retainadecimal,mantissarounded).7.Vehiclemaintenancemarks:plantandsegment’srepairmarkandminormark.

1、人字標(biāo)記。表示該棚車設(shè)有床托可以利用床托搭床板;車頂中央設(shè)有煙筒口,可以安裝火爐;車體兩側(cè)有較多的車窗,能通風(fēng)換氣,且為竹、木地板,并設(shè)有便器等。必要時(shí),該車可以代替客車運(yùn)送人員。

2、環(huán)形標(biāo)記。表示車內(nèi)設(shè)有拴馬環(huán)或攔馬桿座的敞車或棚車。

3、國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)標(biāo)記。表示該車輛各部分符合國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)的技術(shù)要求,可以參加國(guó)際聯(lián)運(yùn)。HerringbonemarkItindicatesthattheboxcariswithabedwhichcanbeusedtobuildbedboard;Thecenteroftheroofiswithapipemouthwhichyoucanbeusedtoinstallthestove;Therearemanywindowsonbothsidesofthecarbodywhichcanventilate,thefloorismadeofbambooorwood,andthetoiletissetthere,too.Ifnecessary,thecarcanreplacethepassengertraintotransportpersonnel.2.AnnularmarkItmeansagondolacaroraboxcarwithahorseshoeringorahorseshoebar.3.InternationaltransportmarkItmeansthatthevariouspartsofthevehicleaccordwiththetechnicalrequirementsofinternationaltransport,itcanparticipateininternationaltransport.4.禁止通過裝有車輛減速器的駝峰標(biāo)記表示該車輛下部尺寸與機(jī)械化駝峰的減速器尺寸相抵觸,或受車內(nèi)設(shè)備的限制等,禁止通過裝有車輛減速器的駝峰。

5.關(guān)字標(biāo)記表示部分有活動(dòng)墻板的車輛,活動(dòng)墻板放下時(shí)超過機(jī)車車輛限界,裝卸貨物后,必須關(guān)好活動(dòng)墻板,以保證行車安全。

6、卷字標(biāo)記表示該車輛(部分敞車、礦石車等)兩側(cè)梁端部設(shè)有掛卷?yè)P(yáng)機(jī)鋼絲繩的掛鉤,以便進(jìn)行卷?yè)P(yáng)倒車。

卷4Humpmarking--ProhibitthevehicleequippedwithareducerItindicatesthatthesizeofthelowerpartofthevehicleandthesizeofthemechanicalhumpreducerareinconflict,orrestrictedbytheinsideequipment,thevehicleequippedwithareducerisprohibited.5“Guan”markItmeansthatsomevehiclesarewithmovablewallboard;whenthemovablewallboardIsputdown,itisoverthelimitsofrollingstock;therefore,whenloadingandunloadinggoods,youmustclosethemovablewallboardtoensuretrafficsafety.6“Juan”markThemarkindicatesbothsidesofthebeaminthevehicle(gondolacar,orecar)areprovidedwithahookhangingropewinchinordertowinchreversing.卷7、集中載重標(biāo)記,標(biāo)記栽重大于60噸的平車、長(zhǎng)大貨物車等,應(yīng)在車底架兩側(cè)涂刷集中載重標(biāo)記,標(biāo)明車輛中部一定尺寸范圍內(nèi)的允許載重量。

8、毒品專用車標(biāo)記。在毒品車車門上,涂打“毒品專用車”標(biāo)記,并在車門左側(cè)的外側(cè)墻,涂打毒品標(biāo)記,表示該車輛專門裝運(yùn)農(nóng)藥等有毒貨物。7.ConcentratedloadmarkItmarksflatcarsoroversizecommoditycars

withaweightofmorethan60tons.Itshouldbepaintedonbothsidesofthechassisframe,indicatingtheallowableloadrangewithinacertainsizeofthevehicle.8.Drug-specificvehiclemark.Thedrugcardoorispaintedwith"drugvehicle"mark;theoutsidewall

ontheleftsideofthedoorispaintedwithadrugmark;itmeansthevehicleisusedforspecializedtransportofpesticidesandothertoxicgoods.9、特字標(biāo)記。表示可以裝運(yùn)坦克及其他其他重量較大的特殊貨物的車輛。10.救援列車標(biāo)記。在車輛兩側(cè)中央涂刷白色色帶,表示救援列車。特9.“Te”markItmeansavehiclecapableoftransportingtanksandotherheavierspecialcargoes.10.RescueTrainMarkBothsidesofthecentralvehicleisbrushedwhiteribbon,whichsaystherescuetrain.三、車輛方位和技術(shù)參數(shù)為了便于運(yùn)用、檢修車輛,鐵道部對(duì)車輛方位及車輛配件位置有統(tǒng)一規(guī)定。

III.VehicleorientationandtechnicalparametersInordertofacilitatetheuseandmaintenanceofvehicles,MinistryofRailwayssetunifiedprovisionsonthevehiclepositionandlocationofvehicleaccessories.1、車輛方向的確定鐵道部規(guī)定車輛兩端分別稱一位端、二位端。如何確定一、二位端,是按制動(dòng)缸活塞桿推出的方向來(lái)確定,即制動(dòng)缸活塞桿推出的方向?yàn)樵撥囈晃欢?手制動(dòng)機(jī)一般裝設(shè)在一位端),另一端為二位端。對(duì)于多制動(dòng)缸的車輛以手制動(dòng)機(jī)的一端為一位端。為便于檢修,每輛車都涂刷1、2位定位標(biāo)記,以表示車輛的一位端和二位端。在貨車兩側(cè)梁的端部或兩側(cè)墻外側(cè)下部用自鉛油涂1或2(客車則涂在車梯的外側(cè)和車內(nèi)兩端墻上部)。1ConfirmationofvehicledirectionTheMinistryofRailwaysprovidesthatthetwoendsofthevehiclearerespectivelycalledposition1andposition2.Thedirectionofbrakecylinderpistonroddeterminestheposition,thatis,thelaunchdirectionofthebrakecylinderpistonrodisposition1

(handbrakeisgenerallyinstalledinposition1).Andtheotherendisposition2.Forvehicleswithmultiplebrakecylinders,theendwithhandbrakeisposition1.Inordertofacilitatemaintenance,eachcarispaintedpositionmarkstoindicateposition1andposition2

ofthevehicle.Apply1or2fromtheendofthebeamoneithersideofthefreighttrainorfromtheoutsideofthetwosidewalls(thepassengertrainispaintedontheoutsideoftheladderandonthetopofbothinsidewallsofthevehicle).制動(dòng)缸1位端2位端1234BrakecylinderPosition1Position2

2、車輛左右兩側(cè)都裝設(shè)的零部件位置的確定如軸箱、車輪等配件,規(guī)定為:站在一位端,面對(duì)車輛,從一位端的配件開始由左向右交互數(shù)到二位端,如(第)1位車輪、(第)2位車輪;(第)3位車輪、(第)4位車輪等。

制動(dòng)缸手制動(dòng)機(jī)1位端2位端123413243、非左右兩側(cè)都裝設(shè)的配件稱呼規(guī)定如車鉤、車軸、轉(zhuǎn)向架等,規(guī)定由1位端開始,順次數(shù)到2位端,如(第)1位車鉤、(第)3位車軸、(第)2位轉(zhuǎn)向架等。

4、列車中車輛前、后、左、右的確定編掛在列車中的車輛,其前、后、左、右的確定方法是按照列車運(yùn)行方向規(guī)定的。其前進(jìn)的一端稱為前部,相反的那一端稱為后部,面向前部站立而定出其左右。3CallprovisionsforaccessoriesequippedontheleftandrightsidesSuchascouplers,axles,bogies,etc.,providedbythebeginningofposition1,thenit’scountedaccordingtothenumberofsequencetoposition2,suchas(1)coupler,(3)axle,(2)bogies.4Confirmationoffront,rear,leftandrightpartsfortrain

Themethodofdeterminingisspecifiedinaccordancewiththerunningdirectionofthetrain.Theforwardendiscalledthefront,theoppositeendiscalledtherear;theleftandrightaredeterminedbythefrontpart.

編成列車中的車輛,機(jī)車后部的車輛,稱為機(jī)后,如機(jī)后第3輛、機(jī)后第10輛等;亦可稱守車前部的車輛為守前,如守前l(fā)輛、守前5輛。后前左右后前左右Therearofthevehiclewhichiscompiledintothetrainisknownasafter-machine,suchasthe3rd

after-machine,the10th

after-machine;Thefrontofthevehicleisalsoknownasfront-caboose,suchasfront-caboosel,front-caboose5.(一)車輛方位和軸距5、車輛的軸距和定距(1)車輛全長(zhǎng),車輛兩端兩個(gè)車鉤均處于閉鎖位置,鉤舌內(nèi)側(cè)面之間的距離。用此來(lái)計(jì)算列車全長(zhǎng)。車輛全長(zhǎng)和列車全長(zhǎng)一般用換長(zhǎng)表示。

5Thevehicle'swheelbaseandfixeddistance

(1)Thelengthofthevehicleisthedistancebetweentheinnersurfaceoftheknucklewhentwocouplersatbothendsofthevehicleareinaclosedposition.Usethistocalculatethelengthofthetrain.Thefulllengthofthevehicleandthelengthofthetrainaregenerallyexpressedintermsoflength.Vehicleorientationandwheelbase(一)車輛方位和軸距(2)全軸距(最前后車軸中心線間的水平距離)(3)車輛定距(底架兩心盤中心銷之間的水平距離)(4)固定軸距(同一轉(zhuǎn)向架最前后車軸中心線間的距離)定距全軸距固定軸距車輛全長(zhǎng)定距全軸距固定軸距車輛全長(zhǎng)(2)Theentirewheelbase(thedistancebetweenthefrontandrearaxlecenterline)(3)Fixeddistance(thehorizontaldistancebetweenthecenterpinsofthecenterframeofthechassis)(4)Fixedwheelbase(thedistancebetweenthefrontandrearaxlecenterlineinthesamebogie)ThelengthofthevehicleTheentirewheelbaseFixeddistanceFixedwheelbase(二)車輛技術(shù)參數(shù)表明車輛技術(shù)指標(biāo)有自重、載重、容積和定員等。1、自重:空車時(shí)車輛自身具備的質(zhì)量。2、載重:車輛標(biāo)記中所注明的貨物或旅客或行李包裹的質(zhì)量。3、總重:車輛的自重和載重之和。4、自重系數(shù):貨車的為自重與額定載重的比值,客車的為客車自重與定員數(shù)之比值。5、軸重:車輛總重與車輛軸數(shù)之比。6、車鉤中心線高度:指空車時(shí),車鉤中心線至軌面的垂直距離,機(jī)車車輛一般為880mm。VehicletechnicalparametersVehicletechnicalindicatorsincludeself-weight,load,volumeandcapacityandsoon.1Selfweight:qualityoftheemptyvehicle2load:thegoodsorpassengerorbaggagepackagequality

indicatedbyvehiclemarks3thetotalweight:thevehicle'sownweightandload.4Selfweightcoefficient:freighttrain:ratioofself-weightandratedload;passengertrain:ratioofpassengerweightandcapacity.5Axleweight:ratiooftotalvehicleweightandnumberofvehicles.6Couplercenterlineheight:theverticaldistancefromthecouplercenterlinetotherailsurfacewhenvehicleisempty,itisgenerally880mmforlocomotivesandrollingstock.小結(jié)鐵路車輛按用途分:客車、貨車、特種用途車三類。車輛標(biāo)記分:共同標(biāo)記、特殊標(biāo)記。包括車輛方位和軸距、車輛技術(shù)參數(shù)。

SummaryRailwayvehiclescanbedividedintothreecategoriesbypurpose:passengertrains,freighttrains,andspecialpurposevehicles.Markingofvehicles:commonmarks,specialmarks.Vehicleorientationandtechnicalparametersincludevehicleorientationandwheelbase,vehicletechnicalparameters.第二節(jié)車輛構(gòu)造車輛的構(gòu)

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