山東省威海市2023-2024學年高一年級下冊期末考試英語試題（解析版）

高一英語試卷

本試卷共10頁。滿分150分?？荚囉脮r120分鐘?？荚嚱Y束后，將答題卡交回。

注意事項:

1.答卷前，考生務必將自己的姓名、座號、考生號等填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改

動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在

本試卷上無效。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀

一遍。

1.Whatwillthewomandotomorrow?

A.Donateforthecharity.B.Goonacharitywalk.C.Visitthefloodvictims.

2.Howmuchisthetelephonebillthismonth?

A.$30.B.$100.C.$130.

3.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?

A.Turnoffthefan.B.Leavetheoffice.C.Setoffthealarm.

4.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.Atarestaurant.B.Inahospital.C.Overthephone.

5.Whydidthemanworkatthecharityatfirst?

A.Tohelpthehomeless.B.Todoacollegeproject.C.Togetworkexperience.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題L5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段對話，回答第6和第7題。

6.Howlonghasthemanbeeninpain?

A.Forfivedays.B.Foroneweek.C.Fortwoweeks.

7.Whosuggestedthemedicinetotheman?

A.Hisfriend.B.Hisdoctor.C.Hiscoach.

聽下面一段對話，回答第8和第9題。

8.Wherearethespeakersnow?

A.Inacafe.B.Inanoffice.C.Inaclassroom.

9.WhatdoesJimdo?

A.Heisalawyer.B.Heisateacher.C.Heisanengineer.

聽下面一段對話，回答第10至第12題。

10.Whobegantoworkaftergraduation?

A.Thewoman'sbrother.B.Thewoman?smother.C.Thewoman9sfather.

11.Wheredoesthewomanwanttowork?

A.Atajuniorschool.B.Ataseniorschool.C.Atauniversity.

12.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

A.Makealistofheroptions.

B.Askherteacherforadvice.

C.Trytochangeherfather^mind.

聽下面一段對話，回答第13至第16題。

13.Wherewasthewomanwhenthemansawher?

A.Onthehighway.B.Inthetravelagency.C.Onthestreet.

14.Whydidn'tthewomanbookonline?

A.Tohelphersister.

B.Tosavesomemoney.

C.Togetmoreinformation.

15.Whatisthewoman'smainconcernabouthertrip?

A.Thelongflight.B.Thehotelquality.C.ThefoodinThailand.

16.Whatdoesthemanoffertodoforthewoman?

A.Takecareofhercats.B.Buyheragift.C.Waterherplants.

聽下面一段獨白，回答第17至第20題。

17.Whatseasonisit?

A.Summer.B.Fall.C.Winter.

18.Whatwilltheclassdothisafternoon?

A.VisittheSeaLifeCenter.

B.Practicemathandspelling.

C.Learnabouttheirsciencetopic.

19.Howmuchwilleachstudentpayforthetrip?

A.￡5.00.B.￡10.00.C.￡20.00.

20.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

A.Anoticeaboutaschooltrip.

B.Anintroductiontoanewlesson.

C.Apresentationaboutseapollution.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分40分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Horseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamousartists.Lefsexploresomeofthemost

well-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.

ArtistUnknown/

Yearc.15,000-13,000BCE^

MediumMineralpigments（蒙科）

andcharcoaloncavewalk1

DimensionsUnavailabte^'

LocationLascaux,France^-',

ChineseHorseatLascauxCave

ThisChineseHorsepaintingwasfirstdiscoveredin1940attheprehistoriccaveartsites,Lascaux,inFrance.

ThepaintingearneditsnameforlookinglikethestyleofaSungChinesepaintingofahorse.Earlyartistscreated

theirownpaintbrushesfromanimalskinandhairandalsoemployedaspray（噴灑）paintingtechniqueusinga

hollow（空心的）reedtoblowpigmentthrough.

ArtistGeorgeStubbs(1724-1SO^'

Yearc.1762**

MediumOiloncanvas+'

Dimensions292cmX246.4cm^-'

LocationNationalGaUerv.UK。

Whistlejacket

Whistlejacketdepictsalife-sizedracehorseagainstaplainbackground.Oneofthemostuniquefeaturesof

thispaintingisthatitdoesnotsituatethehorseinanyparticularlocation.Rather,itfocusesonlyonthedetailsand

characterofthehorseinquestion.Inaway,Stubbscapturesthespiritofthehorsethatsuggestsfreedomofspirit,

nottiedtoanybackgroundorenvironment,whichmakesthishorsepaintingquitespecialforitstime.

ArtistEugeneDelacroix(1798-1863).

Yearc.1825-18293

MediumWatercolor^1

DimensionsUnavailable^'

LocationMuseumofFineArts.Hungaiy^'

HorseFrightenedbyLightning

InHorseFrightenedbyLightning,awhitehorseisfrightenedbythelightning,standingonitshindlegsina

storm.Thedaringcolorchoicesanddetailedbrushworkcapturesthereactionoftheanimalwithcare,showing

panicandterror.Theunpleasantweatherishighlightedbythestrongcontrastcreatedbetweenthehorseandthe

darkblackandgraycloudsthatcovertheentiresky.ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintings

includesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion.

1.WhatdoweknowaboutChineseHorse?

A.Itemployedcolorsdaringly.

B.Itwaspaintedonanimalskins.

C.ItwasaSungChinesepainting.

D.Itusedaspraypaintingapproach.

2.WhatthemeiscommonlyfoundinRomantichorsepaintings?

A.Freedomofspirit.B.Strongemotion.

C.Connectionwithanimals.D.Powerofnature.

3.Wheremightthetextbetakenfrom?

A.Anartmagazinearticle.B.Anartfestivalguide.

C.Anartexhibitionposter.D.Anarthistorylecture.

【答案】l.D2.B3.A

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文，主要介紹了馬在許多著名藝術家的心中一直占有特殊的地位，文章重點介紹了

一些著名藝術家最著名的馬畫。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ChineseHorseatLascauxCave中“Earlyartistscreatedtheirownpaintbrushesfromanimal

skinandhairandalsoemployedaspray（噴灑）paintingtechniqueusingahollow（空心的）reedtoblowpigment

through."（早期的藝術家們用動物的皮膚和毛發(fā)制作了他們自己的畫筆，也采用了一種用中空蘆葦吹顏

料的噴灑繪畫技術。）可知，中國馬畫使用了一種噴灑的方法。故選D項。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)HorseFrightenedbyLightning中“ThesymbolismfoundinmostRomantichorsepaintings

includesthemesofpassion,power,nobility,andintenseemotion."（在大多數(shù)浪漫主義的馬畫中發(fā)現(xiàn)的象征

主義包括激情、權力、高貴和強烈的情感。）可知，浪漫主義馬畫中常見的主題是強烈的情感。故選B

項。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段"Horseshavealwaysheldaspecialplaceintheheartsofmanyfamous

artists.Lefsexploresomeofthemostwell-knownpaintingsofhorsesbyfamousartists.**（馬在許多著名藝術

家的心中一直占有特殊的地位。讓我們來探索一些著名藝術家最著名的馬畫。）可知，文章主要講的是一

些著名藝術家最著名的馬畫。由此可推知，這篇文章可能出自一篇藝術雜志文章。故選A項。

WhileWestAfHca'sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowersandstickyhotweatherhavedone

littletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirstBeninVillageSuperLeague.Soccer

teamsfromtwovillagesinParakou,acentralcityinBenin,competedonasoccerfieldnearthebaseoftheChinese

supportmissionforcottonproductioninBenin,inBelleCiteVillage.

Forthepastdecade,theChina-assistedcottontechnologyprojecthasbeenactiveinParakou,amajorcotton-

producingregioninBenin.Thelong-termtechnicalassistancehasbuiltstrongrelationshipswithvillagers.When

theprojectteamlearnedthattheformersoccerfieldhadbeenexpropriated（征用）,theydecidedtobuildanewone

usingagriculturalmachineryandrecycledmaterials.

Lastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,SouthwestChina'sGuizhouprovince,went

popularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillageSuperLeagueinParakouincludescultural

performancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsandBeninesedance.""LocalslovesoccerandIwanted

tobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,9,saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.

NamedtheFriendshipFootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.Itquicklybecamethe

preferredplaceforsocceramongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduring

agriculturaldowntimes.

Asthetournamentprogressed,itspopularityrose.Villagersfromsurroundingareastraveledonmotorcycles

withtheirchildrentowatchthematches.YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuper

Leagueforpromoting（促進）communicationandfriendshipamongvillages.""Theleaguehasmadeusmoreunited.

Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear."

4.WhathascausedexcitementamongthevillagersinParakou?

A.Thefirstvillageleague.B.TheChina-assistedproject.

C.Thenewly-builtfootballfield.D.Thestartoftheharvestseason.

5ForwhatreasonwastheFriendshipFootballFieldbuilt?

A.Toattractworldwidetourists.B.Toprovideaplaceforsoccerlovers.

C.Toinspirelocals9loveforsoccer.D.TobringChinesecultureintofocus.

6.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.HowpopularfootballisinBenin.

B.Howthenewfootballfieldwasbuilt.

C.WhatBeninVillageSuperLeagueislike.

D.WhyChinesevillageleaguemodelwasintroduced.

7.WhatdoesYvesKobathinkoftheVillageSuperLeagueinBenin?

A.Itbringsinhugemoney.B.Itpromotescross-culturalexchanges.

C.Itformsanewtradition.D.Itstrengthensfriendshipamongvillages.

【答案】4.A5.B6.D7.D

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在中國援助下，貝寧的一個村莊如何通過足球聯(lián)賽加強社區(qū)凝

聚力和文化交流的故事。

【4題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句"WhileWestAfrica'sBeninapproachesitsrainyseason,occasionalshowers

andstickyhotweatherhavedonelittletolessentheenthusiasmoflocalvillagerswhogatheredtowatchthefirst

BeninVillageSuperLeague.（雖然西非的貝寧即將進入雨季，但偶爾的陣雨和悶熱的天氣絲毫沒有影響聚集

在一起觀看第一屆貝寧鄉(xiāng)村超級聯(lián)賽的當?shù)卮迕竦臒崆椋笨芍?，第一屆鄉(xiāng)村聯(lián)賽讓帕拉庫的村民感到興

奮。故選A項。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句""LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetup

asimilarleague,55saidShouXiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.（"當?shù)厝藷釔圩闱颍蚁氚堰@種模

式帶到這里，建立一個類似的聯(lián)賽，”中國技術團隊負責人首曉勇說）”和第四段“NamedtheFriendship

FootballField,thenewfacilitywasopenedinMarchlastyear.Itquicklybecamethepreferredplaceforsoccer

amongvillagersinBelleCiteandnearbyareas,hostingregularmatches,especiallyduringagricultural

downtimes.（這個名為“友誼足球場”的新設施于去年3月投入使用。它很快成為BelleCite及附近地區(qū)村

民的首選足球場地，定期舉辦比賽，特別是在農(nóng)閑時節(jié)。）”可知，建友誼足球場的目的是為足球愛好者提

供一個場所。故選B項。

【6題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段的內(nèi)容uLastsummer,videosofsomesoccermatchesinRongjiangcounty,

SouthwestChina'sGuizhouprovince,wentpopularandattractedworldwidetourists.Inspiredbythis,theVillage

SuperLeagueinParakouincludesculturalperformancesduringhalftime,featuringChinesemartialartsand

Beninesedance.'"LocalslovesoccerandIwantedtobringthismodelhereandsetupasimilarleague,9,saidShou

Xiaoyong,headoftheChinesetechnicalteam.（去年夏天，中國西南部貴州省榕江縣的一些足球比賽視頻變

得非常流行，并吸引了來自世界各地的游客。受到這一點的啟發(fā)，帕拉庫的鄉(xiāng)村超級聯(lián)賽在中場休息時

加入了文化表演，其中包括中國的武術和貝寧的傳統(tǒng)舞蹈?！爱?shù)厝藷釔圩闱?，我想把這種模式帶到這

里，建立一個類似的聯(lián)賽，”中國技術團隊負責人首曉勇說）”可知，第三段主要是說為什么要引進中國

鄉(xiāng)村聯(lián)賽模式。故選D項。

【7題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的句子“YvesKoba,theheadofBelleCiteVillage,praisedtheVillageSuper

Leagueforpromoting（促進）communicationandfriendshipamongvillages."'Theleaguehasmadeus

moreunited.Ihopeitcontinuesandthatourvillagersachieveevenbetterresultsnextyear.9,（BelleCite村村長伊

夫?科巴稱贊鄉(xiāng)村超級聯(lián)賽促進了村莊之間的交流和友誼?！奥?lián)賽讓我們更加團結。我希望它能繼續(xù)下

去，我們的村民明年能取得更好的成績?？芍?，科巴認為聯(lián)賽加強了村莊之間的友誼。故選D項。

C

Everyyear,travelersheadtoSouthAmericatobeamazedatthevastglaciers,hugeopenskiesandhigh

mountains.ButatOmoraEthnobotanicalParkonTierradelFuego,visitorsareencouragedtothinksmall.

TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittleintermsofanimalsandtrees,

butwhenitcomestobryophytes（苔群植物），itisamongtherichestcomersoftheplanet.Intheareathatcovers

lessthan0.01%oftheEarth'slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld'sbryophytespeciesisfound.

Onenteringthepark,you'regivenamagnifyinglens（放大鏡）.Guidedbyplantexperts,youareinvitedtoget

downonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradelFuego's"miniaturefdrests”——the

bryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissoreven

steponthem.

Iwonderedhowinterestingmossescouldbe.ButwhenIgotupclose,theystartedtocometolife.Shapesand

coloursappearedthatwerenotvisibletothenakedeye.Oneplantwasbrightyellow,whileanotherwasgreenwith

abrightredtiplikealittlehat.

OneofthestrangestplantsisOldMan'sBeard,whichlookslikethinnoodlesandhangsoffthetreesinwebs.

AccordingtomyguideLilyLewis,itplaysanimportantroleinthegrowthoftheforest,capturingnutrients（營養(yǎng)）

andsaltsblowninontheoceanwind.

OldMan'sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchoftheplanet.

ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestontheplanet,itgrowswildly.

“Thehandlensisyourentrypointintotheworldoftheminiatureforests,Lewissaid.“Lookingthrougha

lensremindsyouthatthereareotherviewpointsfromwhichwecanseetheworld.^^

8.WhichtitlebestdescribesTierradelFuego?

A.Awonderlandfortinyplants.B.Auniqueplaceforrarespecies.

C.Atopdestinationforhikinglovers.D.Aremotelandwithdifferentlandscapes.

9.WhatqualityishighlyvaluedwhileexploringOmoraEthnobotanicalPark?

A.Curiosityandcreativity.B.Quicknessandconfidence.

C.Calmnessandattentiveness.D.Determinationandcourage.

10.Whichcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“vulnerable”?

A.Sensitive.B.Adaptable.C.Beneficial.D.Resistant.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Eco-tourisminTierradelFuegoB.AnEncounterwithOldMan'sBeard

C.ATinyForestontheTipoftheWorldD.StartYourJourneyofDiscovery,Now!

【答案】8.A9.C10.A11.C

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了火地島的奧莫拉民族植物公園里的苔葬植物組成了一個微型

森林世界。

【8題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“TierradelFuego,aremoteislandatthetipofSouthAmerica,mightofferlittlein

termsofanimalsandtrees,butwhenitcomestobryophytes（苔群植物），itisamongtherichestcornersofthe

planet.Intheareathatcoverslessthan0.01%oftheEarth'slandsurface,morethan5%oftheworld'sbryophyte

speciesisfound.（火地島是南美洲的一個偏遠島嶼，在動物和樹木方面可能很少，但說到苔群植物，它是

地球上最豐富的角落之一。在地球陸地面積不到0.01%的地區(qū)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了世界上超過5%的苔辭植物物種）”

可知，火地島雖小，但擁有世界上超過5%的苔群植物物種，“火地島是小植物的仙境”適合做標題。故

選Ao

【9題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Focusiskey:asyoutiptoethroughthepark,itiseasytomissorevenstepon

them.（集中注意力是關鍵：當你躡手躡腳地穿過公園時，很容易錯過甚至踩到它們）”可知，在探索奧莫

拉民族植物公園時，冷靜和專注是最重要的。故選C。

【10題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“ButinTierradelFuego,wheretheairandrainareamongthecleanestonthe

planet,itgrowswildly.（但在火地島，那里的空氣和雨水是地球上最干凈的，它瘋狂地生長）”以及劃線詞句

“OldMan'sBeardisextremelyvulnerabletopollution,andhasallbutdisappearedacrossmuchofthe

Dlanet.（OldMan'sBeard對污染極其vulnerable,幾乎在地球的大部分地區(qū)都消失了）”可知，火地島環(huán)境

非常好，OldMan'sBeard在火地島生長得很好，說明對污染很敏感，在地球上的大部分地區(qū)幾乎都消失

了。故劃線詞意思是“敏感的”。故選A。

【11題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Onenteringthepark,you5regivenamagnifyinglens（放大鏡）.Guidedbyplant

experts,youareinvitedtogetdownonyourhandsandkneestoexplorethelittle-knownworldofTierradel

Fuego's"miniatureforests^^一thebryophytesthatcovertherocksandtrees.（一進入公園，你就會得到一個放

大鏡。在植物專家的指導下，您將被邀請跪下來探索火地島鮮為人知的“微型森林”世界一一覆蓋在巖

石和樹木上的苔葬植物）”結合文章主要介紹了火地島的奧莫拉民族植物公園里的苔葬植物組成了一個微

型森林世界?？芍?，C選項“世界之巔的小森林”最符合文章標題。故選C。

D

Thetimeforactionisnow,atleastwhenitcomestoclimatechange.Ifwedon'ttakemeasuresthatlimitglobal

warming,itmaybeimpossibletostopitsprogress,accordingtoastudypublishedin2018.

Thestudyclaimsthatin2035,wewillcrossapointofnoreturn——afterwhichitwillbeextremelyunlikely

thatwecanstopEarth'stemperaturefromrisingby2degreesCelsius（2℃）andkickingoffdangerousglobal

disasters.

The2℃markisveryimportantforEarth,swell-being.Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientists

predictarangeofdisastrouseffects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextreme

storms.

Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin2035isthechangingfrom

fossilfuels（礦物燃料）torenewableenergysources.Buteventhiswillrequiresignificantprogress.Scientistshave

figuredthattheshareofrenewablesworldwidemustgrowbyatleast2percenteachyearinordertoslowtheprocess

towardclimatechange.Twopercentayearmaynotsoundlikemuch,butinthe20yearsleadingupto2017,the

percentageofenergyfromrenewablesgrewbyapoortotalof3.6percent.

Thereishope,though.Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists?model,sayby5percent

pereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline（最后期限）couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,theresearchersnote.

Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslowclimatechange.

ThesegaseschangeEarth'satmosphereandallowittocapturemoreheatfromthesunandcausetemperaturesto

rise.

“Wehopethat"havingadeadline9maystimulatethesenseofurgencytoactfbrpolicymakers,9,HenkDijkstra,

oneofthestudyauthors,said."Verylittletimeis

12.WhatmighthappenoncetheEarthwarmsanadditional2℃?

A.Theclimatesystemwillberebuilt.

B.Globalwarmingisuncontrollable.

C.Naturaldisastersbecomeunavoidable.

D.Timelyactionwillnolongerbenecessary.

13.Whatdoestheunderlined"this"inparagraph4referto?

A.Theadvancesofscientificresearch.

B.Theshiftfromfossilfuelstorenewables.

C.Theprocessofslowingdownclimatechange.

D.Theincreaseofpublicenvironmentalawareness.

14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

AThelimitationofscientists9model.

B.Possiblesolutionstoslowingclimatechange.

C.Thevalueofthe"pointofnoreturn'concept.

D.SeriouseffectsofgreenhousegasesonEarth.

15.Whydotheresearcherssetadeadline?

A.Tostresstheneedofglobalcooperation.

B.Tocallonpeopletouserenewableenergy.

C.Tourgepolicymakerstotakeimmediateaction.

D.Toshowtheirdeterminationtostopglobalwarming.

【答案】12.C13.B14.B15.C

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要描述了全球變暖的發(fā)展趨勢和即將產(chǎn)生的危害，并敦促決策者要

立即采取行動加以應對。

【12題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Oncetheplanetwarmsanadditional2℃,scientistspredictarangeofdisastrous

effects,fromwidespreadfloodingincoastalareastoburningheatwavesandextremestorms.v（科學家們預測，

一旦地球溫度再升高2攝氏度，就會產(chǎn)生一系列災難性的影響，從沿海地區(qū)的大范圍洪水到燃燒的熱浪

和極端風暴。）可知，一旦地球溫度再升高2℃,就很可能無法避免地發(fā)生自然災害。故選C。

【13題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneimportantareathatcouldslowthemovementtowardapointofnoreturnin

2035isthechangingfromfossilfuels（礦物燃料）torenewableenergysources.（一個可能會減緩2035年走向

不可逆轉的臨界點的重要領域，是從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉變。）和劃線詞所在句“Buteven坦道will

requiresignificantprogress."（但甚至這樣也需要取得重大進展。）可知，“this”指的是上句所提到的“the

changingfromfossilfuelstorenewableenergysources（從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉變）"即theshiftfrom

fossilfuelstorenewables（從化石燃料到可再生能源的轉變）。故選B。

【14題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第五段“Iftheuseofrenewableenergyweretogobeyondthescientists9model,sayby5

percentpereachyear,theclimatechangedeadline（最后期限）couldmovebackbyatleastadecade,the

researchersnote.Also,developingtechnologytoremovegreenhousegasesfromtheatmospherecouldhelpslow

climatechange.”（研究人員指出，如果可再生能源的使用超過科學家的范例，比如每年增加5%,那么氣

候變化的最后期限可能會推遲至少十年。止匕外，開發(fā)從大氣中去除溫室氣體的技術也有助于減緩氣候變

化。）可知，該段主要講述了可能減緩氣候變化的解決方案。故選B。

【15題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段研究者HenkDijkstra的話“Wehopethat"havingadeadline9maystimulatethe

senseofurgencytoactforpolicymakers,"（我們希望“設定最后期限”可能會激發(fā)決策者采取行動的緊迫

感）可知，研究者們設定最后期限是為了敦促決策者立即采取行動。故選C。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

IwouldfeelashamedeverytimeIreceiveanewpackage（包裹）onmydoorstep.Iknowthatbuyingnew

stuffisbadfortheplanet.ButeverytimeIbuysomething,Igetsomehappinessthafshardtogiveup.

Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights:16Ifsthewayourbrainshaveevolved（進化）.

Andtheremaybeawaytobreakthecycle.Weareevolvedfromsimpleorganismsthatsurvivedbecausetheir

networksofnervecellslearnedtorepeatrewarding（有益的）decisions.Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsin

thebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionstostrengthenrewardingbehavior.17Weseekoutthose

releasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadtothem.

18Maybeyouweren'teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingreminded

thatyoulikepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whenthey

arrivedonyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthat

gotyousomethingunexpectedandgood.

Thebestwaytobreaktheoverbuyinghabitsisnottostopbuyingthingscompletely.

19Imagineyou'veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyou

knowyoudon'tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,which

providessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswill

feelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.20Buyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesus

thesamegoodfeelingofanunexpectedrewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.

A.Weneedthatsamereplacementforshopping.

B.Whetherthatapproachwouldworkisupfordebate.

C.Ourbrainsespeciallylikeit,andreleasemoredopamine.

D.Mydesiretokeepbuyingthingsisn'tnecessarilyapersonalfault.

E.Inthisprocess,dopamineisreleased,helpinguslearnhowtoobtainareward.

F.Thegoodfeelingconnectedtounexpectedrewardsispartlywhywelikeshopping.

G.Abettersolutionmaybetoreplacetheold,long-termharmfulrewardswithnewones.

【答案】16.D17.E18.F19.G20.A

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章分析了為什么人類喜歡購物以及如何改掉購物的習慣。

【16題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Recentlyanewbookhasgivenmenewinsights（最近一本新書給了我新的見解）“以及后文"It's

thewayourbrainshaveevolved（進化）.（這是我們大腦進化的方式）“可知，本句承接上文，說明具體的見解

內(nèi)容。故D選項“我想不停地買東西并不一定是個人的錯”符合語境，故選D。

【17題詳解】

根據(jù)上文“Today,wehavebillionsofactioncellsinthebrain.Theyarealwaysformingconnectionsto

strengthenrewardingbehavior.（今天，我們的大腦中有數(shù)十億的活動細胞。它們總是形成聯(lián)系來加強獎勵行

為）“以及后文"Weseekoutthosereleasesindopamine,andatthesametimerepeattheactionsthatleadto

them.（我們尋找多巴胺的釋放，同時重復導致它們的行為）”可知，本句承接上文，說明細胞形成聯(lián)系加

強獎勵行為會釋放多巴胺。故E選項“在這個過程中，多巴胺被釋放，幫助我們學習如何獲得獎勵”符

合語境，故選E。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)后文“Maybeyouweren'teventhinkingaboutbuyingwatercolorpaints.Thensomethingremindedthatyou

likepainting,andyousearchedonlineandfoundtheywerelessexpensivethanyouexpected.Whentheyarrived

onyourdoorstep,theywerebetterthanyouthought.Yourbrainwillbedrawntorepeatthebehaviorthatgotyou

somethingunexpectedandgood.（也許你根本沒想過買水彩顏料。然后有什么東西提醒你喜歡畫畫，你在網(wǎng)

上搜索，發(fā)現(xiàn)它們比你想象的要便宜。當它們來到你家門口時，它們比你想象的要好。你的大腦會被吸

引去重復那些給你帶來意想不到的好東西的行為）”可知，本段主要分析了喜歡購物是因為可以帶來良好

的感覺。故F選項“與意外獎勵相關的良好感覺是我們喜歡購物的部分原因”符合語境，故選F。

【19題詳解】

/艮據(jù)后文uImagineyou'veformedahabitofeatingchocolatebeforebedforcomfort,eventhoughyouknow

youdon'tneedthecalories.Youcantryhavingmilkwithcocoapowderasahealthierreplacement,which

providessimilarcomfort.Onceyoustartlosingweight,therewardofbeingabletofitintoyouroldclotheswill

feelasgoodasthechocolateoncedoes.（想象一下，你已經(jīng)養(yǎng)成了睡前吃巧克力的習慣，即使你知道你不需

要卡路里。你可以嘗試用可可粉代替牛奶，這更健康，也能提供同樣的舒適感。一旦你開始減肥，能夠

穿上舊衣服的獎勵就像巧克力曾經(jīng)給你的感覺一樣好）”可知，本段給出的建議是通過新的獎勵來代替舊

的不好的獎勵。故G選項“一個更好的解決辦法可能是用新的獎勵取代舊的、長期有害的獎勵”符合語

境，故選G。

【20題詳解】

根據(jù)后文uBuyinguseditemssatisfiesourdesiretoacquire.Itgivesusthesamegoodfeelingofanunexpected

rewardwithoutconsumingmoreresources.（購買二手物品滿足了我們的獲得欲望。它讓我們在不消耗更多資

源的情況下獲得意想不到的獎勵）”可知，后文提到了購買二手物品來代替購物，故A選項“我們需要同

樣替代的品來購物”符合語境，故選A。

第三部分語言運用（共三節(jié)，滿分35分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

GitanjaliRaoisasophomore（大二學生）andalsoaninventor.Inhershortlife,shehasusedscientificcreativity

to21manyreal-worldproblems.

SinceGitanjaliwasin3rdgrade,shehastriedtoaddressbigsocialproblemswithher22.Itwasthen

thatshelearnedaboutlead-pollutedwater,andtheterribleimpactithasonchildren's23.Afterlotsof

research,shemanagedtodesignadevicethatattachestoamobilephoneandcanimmediatelyidentify24

inwater.

Gitanjali9sloveofreal-worldproblemsolvingdidnot25there,however.Sincethen,shehas