人教版八年級上冊英語Unit10知識點(diǎn)梳理及語法講義（學(xué)生版）

八年級上冊英語Unit10知識點(diǎn)與語法精講精練詞匯梳理詞匯梳理（一）完成單詞梳理：名詞：1.會議；集會；見面2.錄像帶；錄像3.巧克力4.出租汽車；的士5.勸告；建議6.代理人7.專家8.青少年9.錢包10.英里11.錯(cuò)誤；失誤12.步；步驟13.經(jīng)驗(yàn)；經(jīng)歷動(dòng)詞：1.組織；籌備2.勸告；建議3.解決；解答4.相信；信任副詞：1.無疑；肯定；當(dāng)然；行2.別的；其他的代詞：1.他自己連詞：1.除非；如果不形容詞：1.難過；失望；沮喪2.正常的；一般的3.發(fā)怒的；生氣的4.善解人意的；體諒人的5.粗心的；不小心的6.小心的；細(xì)致的兼類詞：1.（v/n）旅行；游歷2.（adj/adv）在中途；部分地做（或達(dá)到）(二)詞匯變形小結(jié)：1.meet(v.遇見)—(n.會議；集會；會面)2.organize(v.組織；籌備)—(n.組織；機(jī)構(gòu))—(n.組織者；籌劃者)3.advice(n.勸告；建議)—(v.勸告；建議)4.travel(v.旅行；游歷)—(n.游客；旅行者)5.normal(adj.正常的；一般的)—(adv.正常地；通常)6.angry(adj.發(fā)怒的；生氣的)—(adv.生氣地)7.understand(v.理解；明白)—(adj.善解人意的；體諒人的)8.care(n.小心)—(adj.粗心的)—(反義詞：小心的)(adv.粗心地)(adv.小心地)【練一練】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空It’saboutfive___________(mile)fromyourapartmenttothecinema,soyoucanwalkthere.Wouldyoumindgivingmesome___________(advice)onhowtoplanttrees?Hesaidhesometimesmade___________(care)mistakeshimself.Ginadoesherhomeworkas___________(careful)asMary.We'regoodfriends.Youcan___________(certain)usemydictionary.Yesterdaywehada___________(meet)todiscusstheartfestival.Myfriendsallhelpedmewiththe___________(organize)oftheevent.Ididwellintheexam,andImadefew___________(mistake)．Weshouldstudythenewtrafficrulesandlearnhow___________(keep)ourselvessafe.Thoughthelittleboyisyoung,hecandress___________(he)withoutanyone'shelp.(三)短語攻關(guān)：炸土豆片；炸薯?xiàng)l 保守秘密 分成兩半 去參加聚會 玩得高興；過得愉快 開班會 在……方面有問題 待在家里環(huán)游世界犯錯(cuò)誤 賺錢 努力工作 逃避；回避 最后 要求某人做某事 給某人某物建議某人做某事太……而不能……知識點(diǎn)梳理知識點(diǎn)梳理 No,let’sorderfoodfromarestaurant.不用，我們從飯店訂餐吧?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縪rder作動(dòng)詞，意為“訂購；訂貨；點(diǎn)（酒菜等）”，ordersthfrom...意為“從……訂購某物”。Eg.Theseshoescanbeorderedfromthatpany.這些鞋可從那家公司訂購?！就卣寡由臁縪rder的其他常見義項(xiàng)：orderorder動(dòng)詞命令名詞命令、順序、訂單、所點(diǎn)的飲食菜肴【即學(xué)即用】1.—Jerry,doyouthinkitisgoodto________someclothesontheInternet?—IthinkitisOK.Ioftendoit.A.prepare B.make C.organize D.order2.Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,they’lljustbringpotatochipsandchocolatebecausethey’llbetoolazytocook.如果我們讓大家?guī)澄镞^來，他們只會帶炸薯?xiàng)l和巧克力，因?yàn)樗麄兲珣辛?，不想做飯。條件狀語從句Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主句條件狀語從句Ifweaskpeopletobringfood,一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主句they’lljustbringpotatochipsandchocolatebecausethey’llbetoolazytocook.一般將來時(shí)原因狀語從句【用法詳解】知識點(diǎn)1：重點(diǎn)：asksb.todosth.讓某人做某事該結(jié)構(gòu)的否定形式為，“讓某人不要做某事”，其中動(dòng)詞不定式短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語。Eg.Itwasraining.Myfatheraskedmetotakearaincoat.下雨了，爸爸讓我?guī)嫌暌?。Mymotherasksmenottoplayfootballinthestreet.媽媽讓我不要在街上踢足球。知識點(diǎn)2：重點(diǎn)：too...to...太……而不能……本句中toolazytocook屬于too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)。該結(jié)構(gòu)中too為副詞，其后跟形容詞或副詞原級，to為不定式符號，后接動(dòng)詞原形。Eg.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.他太小了，不能去上學(xué)。【特別提醒】too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)中too前有否定詞（如never）時(shí)，表達(dá)肯定意義。Eg.It’snevertoolatetolearn.活到老，學(xué)到老。【即學(xué)即用】1.Jameswasborninapoorfamily,soheis________poor________gotoschool.A.so;that B.enough;to C.too;to D.such;that2.YoushouldaskBob________hisownclothes.Heistenyearsoldnow.A.towash B.washes C.washing D.towashing3.Hismotheraskedhim_________(look)afterhislittlesister.4.Myparentsaretoobusy_________(help)medomyhomework.3.Canyougivemesomeadviceplease?能請你給我一些建議嗎？【易混辨析】advice與suggestion，兩者都可表示“建議”，其區(qū)別如下：advice不可數(shù)名詞，表示“一條建議”要用apieceofadvicesuggestion可數(shù)名詞，復(fù)數(shù)形式為suggestionsEg.Iaskedmyteacherforsomeadvice.我向老師征求一些建議。Iaskedmyteacherforsomesuggestions.我向老師征求一些建議。suggestsuggestion（n）advice（n）suggest（v）advise（v）建議做某事建議某人做某事建議做某事建議重點(diǎn)：【即學(xué)即用】1.Myteachergavememuch_______onhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenIhadsometrouble.A.advice B.question C.suggestion D.problem2.Thehusbandadvised________tothesouth,buthiswifeadvisedhim________uptheidea.A.moving;giving B.tomove;togiveC.moving;togive D.tomove;giving3.IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglish.Canyougiveme________?A.someadvices B.apieceofadviceC.manyadvicesD.threepieceofadvice4.Ioftenadvisemygrandmother________(stop)smoking.5.Peterhasalotof________(advice)onhowtolearnChinesewell.4.Sometimestheyhaveproblemswiththeirschoolwork,andsometimeswiththeirfriends.有時(shí)候他們有功課方面的問題，有時(shí)候有朋友方面的問題?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縣aveproblemswith...為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“在……方面有問題”，其同義表達(dá)有“havetrouble/difficultywith...”。Eg.Somestudentsmayhaveproblem/trouble/difficultywithEnglishlearning.有些學(xué)生可能有英語學(xué)習(xí)方面的問題?！就卣寡由臁縣aveproblems/trouble/difficulty(in)doingsth.意為“做某事有困難”。Eg.Somestudentshaveproblems/trouble/difficultymakingfriends.一些學(xué)生在交友方面有困難。【即學(xué)即用】1.Lucylooksworriedbecauseshehasproblems________herschoolwork.A.to

B.with C.by

D.of5.Unlesswetalktosomeone,we’llcertainlyfeelworse.如果我們不找人談?wù)?，我們肯定會感覺更糟糕?！居梅ㄔ斀狻恐R點(diǎn)1：?？键c(diǎn)：unless作連詞，意為“除非；如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，相當(dāng)于if...not。在含有unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中。若主句用一般將來時(shí)，從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來（“主將從現(xiàn)”）。Eg.Youwillachievenothingunlessyoustudyhard.=Youwillachievenothingifyoudon’tstudyhard.如果你不刻苦學(xué)習(xí)，你將一事無成。【即學(xué)即用】1.—Youwon’thaveabrightfuture________youtryyourbest,Jack.—Thankyou,Mom.I’llworkhard.unless B.once C.if D.after2.Wewillcauselesspollution________wecanfindwaystoreuseorrecycle（回收）morerubbish.A.if

B.unlessC.though

D.because知識點(diǎn)2：certainly意為“無疑；肯定；當(dāng)然；行”certainly作副詞，位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。Eg.Thisiscertainlythebestplacetoseethecity.這無疑是看這個(gè)城市的最佳地點(diǎn)。【拓展延伸】certainly可單獨(dú)使用，用于肯定回答，表示同意或允許。同義詞（組）為ofcourse,sure。Eg.—CanIgoalongwithyou?我能和你一起去嗎？—Certainly./Ofcourse./Sure.當(dāng)然可以。6.Shewasafraidtotellherparentsaboutit.她害怕將這件事告訴她的父母?！疽谆毂嫖觥縝eafraidtodosth.與beafraidofdoingsth.beafraidtodosth.害怕/不敢做某事（憑經(jīng)驗(yàn)和一般常識不敢做某事）beafraidofdoingsth.擔(dān)心會發(fā)生某事（但實(shí)際上未必會發(fā)生）Eg.Shewasafraidtospeakloudbecauseshewasafraidofwakingherbabyup.她不敢大聲說話，因?yàn)樗龘?dān)心會吵醒她的孩子。【即學(xué)即用】1.—Don’tbeafraid________meifyoudon’tunderstandthetext.—Thankyou,MrLee.asking B.asked C.ask D.toask2.Don'tbeafraidof________mistakeswhenyouspeakEnglish.A.make B.made C.making D.tomake7.IfItellmyparents,they’llbeangry!如果我告訴父母，他們將會生氣！beangrywithsb.生某人的氣beangrybeangrywithsb.生某人的氣beangryabout/atsth.因某事而生氣Eg.Iwasangrywithhimforkeepingmewaitingforsolong.我對他非常生氣，因?yàn)樗屛业攘诉@么長時(shí)間。Theteacherwasangryabouthiscarelessness.老師因他的粗心而生氣?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.LiLei’smother

________himbecausehewentouttoplayintherain.

A.

wasangrywithB.

waspleasedwithC.

wasangryaboutD.

wasproudof8.Itisbestnottorunawayfromourproblems.最好不要逃避我們的問題?！居梅ㄔ斀狻俊癐t’sbest(not)todosth”相當(dāng)于“hadbetter(not)dosth”意為“最好（不）要做某事”。It為形式主語，后面的不定式短語為真正的主語。Eg.Itisbesttotakeanumbrellawithyou.=You’dbettertakeanumbrellawithyou.你最好帶把雨傘。9.Studentsoftenforgetthattheirparentshavemoreexperience...學(xué)生們經(jīng)常忘記他們的父母有更多的經(jīng)驗(yàn)……【用法詳解】experience在此作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”。它還可作可數(shù)名詞，意為“經(jīng)歷”。Eg.Sheisateacherwith21years’experience.她是一個(gè)有21年教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的老師。Avisittothemuseumisanunforgettableexperience.參觀博物館是一次令人難忘的經(jīng)歷?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.—MrLiutaughtEnglishinapoormountaintwoyearsago.—Hesaidhewouldremembertheenjoyable________.A.example B.experience C.information D.promise2.Hehadmanyinteresting____________(experience)whiletravelinginAfrica.課堂小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Toavoidmakingmistakes,pleasereadthequestions________beforeyouanswerthem.A.careful

B.

careless C.carefully

D.

carelessly2.Don'tbesadaboutit.It'snormalforanyonetomake________inhislife.A.promises B.mistakes C.faces D.resolutions3.Couldwegotowatchthefootballgametogether?No,________youhavetwotickets.A.if B.unless C.because D.so4.Yoursonisoldenoughtolookafter________.Youneedn'tworryabout________.A.him;him

B.himself;himselfC.himself;him

D.him;himself5.Mymotherisatravelerwith________,andshehassomeinteresting________.A.experience;experiences B.experience;experienceC.experiences;experience D.experiences;experiences6.Theappleonthetreeis________high________reach.Canyouhelpme?A.so;that B.enough;to C.too;to D.such;that7.—WouldyoumindgoingtotheparkwithusthisSunday?—________.Ican'twait!A.Sorry,Ican't

B.Sure,I'dlovetoC.Certainlynot

D.Mypleasure8.—Whydidn’tyougotoplaybasketballyesterday?—Therewassomethingwrongwithmyleg.Thedoctoradvisedme________sports.A.don’tplay B.toplay C.nottoplay D.tonotplay9.—I’msorry,MissGreen.Ileftmymathbookathome.—Itdoesn’tmatter.Pleaseremember________heretomorrow.A.taking B.totake C.bringing D.tobring10.Mr.Davidalwaysgivesmesomeuseful_________.Heisaswellasafriendtome.A.advice B.suggestion C.opinion D.choice11.Please________aparents’meeting,Iwanttotalkaboutstudents’safety(安全).A.leave B.eC.invite D.organize12.—ThereisanEnglishexamtomorrow.—Yes,butmyEnglishisverypoor.Ifeelvery________now.A.upset B.excited C.happy D.surprised13.Mark’sfathertoldhimtobe_________andnottomake_________mistakesanymore.A.careful;careless B.carefully;careful C.careful;careful D.carefully;careless14.Whatareyougoingtodoafteryouleaveschool?Iwill_________alotofmoneyandtravel_________theworld.A.buy;over B.make;around C.buy;in D.get;to15.Mymotheroftenasksme________uptoolate.A.tostay B.stay C.nottostay D.notstay二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Thereisasports_________(meet)inourschooleveryyear.2.Idon’tknowwhat_________(wear)atJohn’sweddingparty（婚禮）.3.Youcancutthisappleintotwo_________(half)andshareitwithyourfriend.4.Thebabycan'ttravelwithusbecauseheistooyoung_________(take)aplane.5.Myteacheralwaysadvisesme_________(ask)myfriendsforhelp.6.Tomaskedme__________(bring)somefruityesterday.7.Ourteacherhaslotsof__________(experience)inteaching,soheoftenmakeshisclassactive.8.LiMingstudies__________(real)hard,hedoeswellinallhislessons.9.Somestudentshaveproblemsin__________(learn)English.10.Thankyouforgivingmetheuseful__________(advise)tolearnEnglish.三、漢譯英：單詞/短語（注意使用適當(dāng)形式）1.最好不要逃避我們的問題。Itisbestnotto______________________________ourproblems.2.不要害怕做錯(cuò)什么，即使錯(cuò)了也不必懊悔。Don’t______________________________doanythingwrong,anddon’tregretitevenifit’swrong.3.特里在新工作方面遇到了問題。Terry______________________________hisnewjob.4.你能給我一些有關(guān)唱歌的建議嗎?Canyou__________me____________________onsinging?5.我承諾保守秘密。Ipromiseto__________thesecret____________________.四、完形填空Sometimesyouthinkyourparentsarenotfair（公平的）toyou.Ifyoudress1amodernway,yourmomwon't2that.Whenyouaremakingphonecalls,theyask3youarespeakingtoaboyoragirl.You'renotasclosetoyourparentsasbefore.Howcanyou4closeagain?Maybetherearesome5foryou.★Bothparentsandchildrenhaveneeds.Theyneedtofeeltheyare6andloved（被愛的）.Youshould7yourparentsyourneeds,andfindouttheirs.Then,youcanthinkofawaytomakeallofyou8.★Maketimeto9.Youcantalkaboutyourschoollifeandyourplansforthefuture.★Keepadiary.Thisistohelpyouunderstandmoreaboutyourselfandyourfeelings.★Showyourparentsyouaregrowingup.Washyour10andhelpyourparentscleanthehouse.（）1.A.with B.in C.of D.by（）2.A.hate B.mind C.like D.organize（）3.A.if B.what C.why D.that（）4.A.go B.look. C.bee De（）5.A.step B.advice C.suggestion D.ideas（）6.A.different B.outgoing C.serious D.important（）7.A.speak B.say C.tell D.told（）8.A.nervous B.tired C.excited D.happy（）9.A.talk B.tell C.smile D.learn（）10.A.hands B.face C.socks D.clothes語法精講語法精講 （一）if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句一、語法概述在復(fù)合句中作條件狀語的句子叫條件狀語從句。條件狀語從句常用if來引導(dǎo)。if從句既可放在主句前，也可放在主句后。放在主句前時(shí)，要用“，”與后面的主句隔開。含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中主從句的時(shí)態(tài)“主將從現(xiàn)”在含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句中，主句為以下情況之一的，條件狀語從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：“主將從現(xiàn)”IfyougiveIfyougivehimthechance,hewillthankyouverymuch.如果你給他機(jī)會，他將會非常感謝你。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般將來時(shí)“主情從現(xiàn)”“主情從現(xiàn)”Ifyoueatbadfood,youIfyoueatbadfood,youmayfallill.如果你吃變質(zhì)的食物，你可能會生病。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞“主祈從現(xiàn)”“主祈從現(xiàn)”IfthelightIfthelightisred,waitforaminute.如果是紅燈，等一會兒。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)祈使句【拓展延伸】拓展知識1：含if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句可與其他句型進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)換。具體如下：與“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”進(jìn)行互換。and表示順承關(guān)系，or表示“否則”。?Ifyouaremoreoutgoing,youwillhavemorefriends.=Bemorefriends,andyouwillhavemorefriends.如果你更外向一些，你會有更多的朋友。?Ifyoudon’tgetupearly,youwillbelateforschool.=Getupearly,oryouwillbelateforschool.早點(diǎn)起床，否則你上學(xué)會遲到。拓展知識2：if還可引導(dǎo)賓語從句，意為“是否”，此時(shí)從句的時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)具體情況來決定。Eg.Idon’tknowifitwillraintomorrow.我不知道明天是否會下雨?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.Ifthere________nobuyingorsellingofanimals,there________nokillinginnature.A.is;willbe B.willbe;willbe C.is;is D.willbe;is2.Ifit________tomorrow,Iwillridetoschoolwithyou.A.rain B.don’train C.won’train D.doesn’train3.—Howaboutgoingclimbingifit________thisweekend.—Goodidea.Butnobodyknowsifit________.isfine;rains B.willbefine;rains C.isfine;willrain D.willbefine;willrain4.Ifyou________atnoon,you________thefeedingofanimals.A.arriveatthere;willsee B.willarrivethere;willseeC.arrivethere;willsee D.arriveinthere;see5.—Howwillyouspendthisweekend?—IfI________free,I________tothecinemawithmygoodfriends.willbe;willgo B.am;willgo C.am;go D.willbe;go（二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should的用法一、語法概述should為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后接動(dòng)詞原形，無人稱和數(shù)的變化。二、基本結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句主語+should+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Weshouldtellheraboutit.我們應(yīng)該告訴她這件事。否定句主語+shouldn’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Weshouldn’ttellheraboutit.我們不應(yīng)該告訴她這件事。一般疑問句Should+主語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他？肯定回答：Yes,主語+should.否定回答：No,主語+shouldn’t.Shouldwetellheraboutit?我們應(yīng)該把這件事告訴她嗎？肯定回答：Yes,weshould.是的，我們應(yīng)該。否定回答：No,weshouldn’t.不，我們不應(yīng)該。三、基本用法1.表示征詢意見和提出建議，意為“應(yīng)該”。Eg.Ithinkyoushouldbuythewhitecoatbecauseitlooksgoodonyou.我覺得你應(yīng)該買那件白色的外套，因?yàn)槟愦┥虾芎每础?.表示按責(zé)任或義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Eg.Youshouldrespectyourparents.你應(yīng)該尊重父母。3.表示推測，意為“照理說，應(yīng)該”。表示肯定又留有余地的推測，語氣弱于must“一定”（表示推測）。Eg.Thetrainshouldarrivesoon.火車應(yīng)該很快就到了。4.用于疑問句或感嘆句中，表示意外、驚異等情緒，可與what，how，why，who等連用。Eg.HowIshouldknow?我怎么會知道？WhatshouldIdo?我應(yīng)該怎么辦？語法小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.You'llgetbettergrades________youfollowtheteachers'advice.A.ifB.untilC.thoughD.while2.Idon’tknowifI________himthisevening.IfI________him,Iwillgivethenoveltohim.A.willmeet;willmeet B.willmeet;meet C.meet;willmeet D.meet;meet3.He________ifyou________himtomorrow.A.wille;willinvite B.wille;inviteCes;willinvite Des;invite4.Kate________playingtabletenniseveryday.Ifshe________likethis,shewillwinthegame.A.minds;playing B.practices;plays C.minds;toplay D.practices;toplay5.Asmiddleschoolstudents,we________followthepublicruleswhereverwego.A.would B.might C.shouldD.could6.It________hardforustogetupearlyinthemorningifwe________tobedlatetonight.A.willbe;go B.is;willgo C.willbe;willgo D.is;go7.—Ifit________sunnytomorrow,I________walkinginthepark.—It’sagoodidea.CanIjoinyou?A.willbe;go B.is;willgo C.willbe;go D.willbe;willgo8.—I’llgoforapicnicifit_________tomorrow.Willyougowithme?—Yes,ofcourse.A.doesn’train B.isn’training C.won’train D.didn’train9.Youlooksoweak!Ithinkyou_________seeadoctoratonce.A.mightB.should C.could D.may10.—Mom,IwanttowatchtheprogramIAmaSingerIVnow.—Youcanwatchit________youfinishyourhomework.A.if B.unless C.but D.sothat11.—Tom,canyouletmecopy(抄襲)yourhomework?—Sorry.Ifwe________so,theteacherwillcertainlyfindit.do B.did C.willdo D.aredoing12.Stopsmoking,Joe!You________yourselfifyoukeepondoingitlikethat.A.killed B.arekilling C.willkill D.kill13.IfHenry________harder,he________goodgradesintheexam.A.studies;willget B.willstudy;gets C.studied;gets D.study;willget14.IfI________tothepark,I________myhomeworktoday.Andmymomwillbeangry.A.willgo;willfinish B.willgo;finish C.go;willfinish D.go;won’tfinish15.IfBob________awayfromthejunkfood,hewillbeingoodhealth.A.stay B.willstay C.stays D.stayed二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Ifit__________(notrain)thisweekend,wecangohikinginthemountains.2.Ifthegir