考點10 主謂一致 （核心考點精講精練）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點幫（新高考）

考點10主謂一致（核心考點精講精練）1.高考真題考點分布考點題型謂語動詞時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、主謂一致年份試卷類型考點考向語法填空20242024·新課標(biāo)I卷___60_walks__(walk)一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致2024·新課標(biāo)II卷__38_were_(be);_41_bebuilt__(build)一般過去時與主謂一致；被動語態(tài)2024·全國乙卷__44_were__(be)一般過去時與主謂一致2024·全國北京卷___13gives___(give)一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致2024·年浙江1月42_havestarted(start)現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致20232023·新課標(biāo)I卷//2023·新課標(biāo)II卷___65wished__(wish)一般過去時2023·全國乙卷wasamazed;means;一般過去時與主謂一致，一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致2023·全國甲卷//2023·年北京卷wouldthrow13.hadarrivedhasestablished一般將來時；過去完成時；現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致2023·年浙江1月featured一般過去時20222022·新課標(biāo)I卷were;isdesigned一般過去時與主謂一致；一般現(xiàn)在時表達(dá)語態(tài)與主謂一致2022·新課標(biāo)II卷wasfixing43.threw過去進(jìn)行時與主謂一致；一般過去時2022·全國乙卷addressed一般過去時2022·全國甲卷haswalked現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致2022·年北京卷caught;has;一般過去時；一般現(xiàn)在時與主謂一致；現(xiàn)在完成時與主謂一致hasincreased2022·年浙江1月isviewed或hasbeenviewedare；havepromised一般現(xiàn)在時被動語態(tài)與主謂一致；主謂一致；現(xiàn)在完成時被動語態(tài)與主謂一致2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于主謂一致的考查共計16次，是考查的熱點和重點，謂語動詞主謂一致主要考查：一般現(xiàn)在時中的主謂一致；‘’一般過去時中的主謂一致；3.現(xiàn)在完成時中的主謂一致；4.被動語態(tài)中的主謂一致?！緜淇疾呗浴?.掌握主謂一致的三個原則：語法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致；2.掌握主謂一致中的固定搭配；3.掌握定語從句中的主謂一致；4.掌握倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致。3.【命題預(yù)測】預(yù)計2025年高考主謂一致仍然是考查的重點、難點和熱點。主謂一致不會單獨考查，一般會與名詞、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)放在一起考查。必備基礎(chǔ)知識：主謂一致是指謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上與主語一致，一般遵循三個原則：語法一致原則：就是從語法形式上取得致,即主語為單數(shù)形式,謂語動詞也采用單數(shù)形式;主語為復(fù)數(shù)形式,謂語動詞亦為復(fù)數(shù)形式。意義一致原則：就是從意義著眼來處理主謂語一致的問題。主語形式為單數(shù),但意義為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動詞依意義而定,也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。就近一致原則：是指謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)往往和與其最近的主語保持一致。做題時還要保證時態(tài)及其他語法及詞義的正確性。01語法一致原則語法一致是指主語和謂語在單復(fù)數(shù)形式上的一致關(guān)系，主語為單數(shù)形式，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；反之，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Mychildhasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.

我的孩子不想與我一起度假。Mychildrenhavenointentionofspendingavacationwithme.

我的孩子們不想與我一起度假。當(dāng)主語后面接由aswellas,accompaniedby,including,inadditionto,morethan,nolessthan,ratherthan,with,togetherwith等構(gòu)成的詞組時，其謂語動詞的形式要依主語的單復(fù)數(shù)而定。在這樣的句子里，這些詞所引導(dǎo)的詞組不影響主語自身的單復(fù)數(shù)形式，它們在句子里其實是狀語。Pronunciationaswellasgrammarchangesquickly.發(fā)音與語法一樣變化很快。由lotsof,alotof,anumberof,plentyof等修飾的名詞作主語時，謂語動詞與所修飾的名詞形式保持一致。Agreatnumberofstudentswhowereinvitedtothepartywerefrommyschool.很多被邀來參加晚會的學(xué)生來自于我校。Agreatdealofwaterispollutedeveryyear.每年大量的水被污染。易混點：quantities/amountsof修飾名詞時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于quantity和amount的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。QuantitiesofinformationareavailableontheInternet.在網(wǎng)上可得到大量的信息。定語從句中的謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由其修飾的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式來確定；如果定語從句修飾前面的整個句子，從句中的謂語動詞用單數(shù)。ThosewhowerepraisedatthemeetingwouldbesenttoAmericaforfurtherstudy.在這次會議上被表揚(yáng)的人將被派到美國深造。Russiaisupgradingitsnorthernfleet,whichincludes18icebreakers.俄羅斯正在升級它的北海艦隊，準(zhǔn)備增加18艘破冰船。倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致a．倒裝句中謂語動詞的數(shù)與后面的主語保持一致，即謂語后面的主語是單數(shù)，動詞用單數(shù)；謂語后面的主語是復(fù)數(shù)，動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。Abuildingstandsinfrontofus.→Infrontofusstandsabuilding.我們面前矗立著一棟樓。b．在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分是原來句子的主語，引導(dǎo)詞that(或who)后面的謂語與被強(qiáng)調(diào)的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。ItisLilywhoisadoctor.莉莉是一名醫(yī)生。動詞不定式、動名詞和從句作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。Tolearnaforeignlanguageisnotsodifficultasyouthink.學(xué)會一門外語并不像你想象的那么難。Thathehaswonthegameisknowntousall.他贏了這場比賽是我們都知道的事。Swimminginriversinsummerisagoodsport,buttoswiminriversinwinterneedsgreatwillpower.夏天在河里游泳是很好的運動，但冬天在河里游泳需要極大的意志力。注意：從句作主語時，若主句謂語部分為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，主句謂語的數(shù)通常由作表語的名詞/代詞決定。Whattheyneedismoneywhilewhatweneedmostaretextbooks.他們需要的是錢，而我們最需要的是教科書。1.【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse____60____(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor____61the____firsttime.2.【2024全國甲卷】They____44____（be）partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.【2024屆湖南省永州市高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬】Sofar,fromswiftlyflowingrivervalleystomist-coveredmountains,denseforestsandsteepcliffs,whereverthereiswaterandsoil,terraces4(dig).02意義一致原則and,both...and...連接兩個不同的主語，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但是如果由and連接的兩個名詞表示同一個人或物時，謂語動詞須用單數(shù)形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareonholiday.她的老師和朋友們都在度假中。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.這位詩人兼作家寫出了許多作品。2.“no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldnextSunday.每個男生和女生都希望參加下周日舉行的聚會。3.“anumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“許多……”，作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)；“thenumberof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞”表示“……的數(shù)量”，作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Anumberofmeasureswerebeingtakentoprotecttheendangeredanimals人們正采取各種措施保護(hù)瀕危動物。Thenumberofstaffhasdeclinedfrom218,000to116,000.員工人數(shù)從21.8萬下降到了11.6萬。4.分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)指代或修飾名詞時，謂語動詞的數(shù)與其所修飾的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。therest,theremaining/part...，plentyof,agreatdealof等＋主語，謂語動詞應(yīng)根據(jù)所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasveryboring.講座的前半部分很生動，但后半部分非常枯燥。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only60percentoftheworkwasfinishedyesterday.昨天只干了60%的活。5.集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.這個班由25個男生和20個女生組成。Theclassaredoingexperiments.全班學(xué)生都在做實驗。6.示時間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Threethousandmilesisalongdistance.三千英里是一段很長的距離。7.以-s/-ics結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如physics,politics等及news作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。Badnewstravelsquickly.[諺語]壞事傳千里。8.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞，如：deer，sheep，fish，means，works，Chinese等作主語時，要視其意義來決定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。Allmeanshavebeentried.所有方式都試過了。Everymeanshasbeentried.每一種方式都試過了?！皌he+形容詞”表示一類人，在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thewoundedhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.受傷的人被治愈，同時失蹤的人也被找到了.1.【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout___38___(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.2.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語法填空】Ofthenineteenrecognizedpolarbearsubpopulations,threearedeclining,six___70___(be)stable,oneisincreasing,andninelackenoughdata.1.（2023·浙江省金華十校模擬）LakePowell,thesecondlargesthuman-madereservoir(水庫)intheUS,haslostnearly7%ofitspotentialstoragecapacitysinceit______(build)in1963.2.1.Allweneed_________asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.are B.was C.is D.were03就近一致原則由or,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...,not...but...等連接的并列主語，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。NeitherJimnorhisparentsknowanythingaboutit.吉姆和他母親都不知道這件事。在Therebe句型及Here開頭的句子中，有兩個或幾個并列主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語保持一致。Thereisapen,twoknivesandseveralbooksonthetable.桌子上有一支鋼筆、兩把小刀和幾本書。→Therearetwoknives,apenandseveralbooksonthetable.桌子上有兩把小刀、一支鋼筆和幾本書。manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Manyaparentwasforcedtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)歷這一段痛苦的過程。1．Eitherthemanagerorhisassistants(is,are)toattendthemeeting.2．Notonlythestudentsbutalsotheteacher(be)againsttheplanatthattime.1.Toavoidgathering,neitherthestudentsnortheirheadteacher________(be)goingtothepartythisevening.2.NotonlysomeinternationalstarsbutalsotheChinesesingeranddancer______（give）wonderfulperformancesattheconcertrecently.04書面表達(dá)中主謂不一致易錯點聚焦英語的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上必須與主語保持一致。由于受漢語的影響，許多同學(xué)在寫作時經(jīng)常忽略句子的主謂一致關(guān)系，從而出現(xiàn)錯誤。例：Onceonehavetime,hecandowhathewanttodo.人一旦有了時間，他就能想干什么就干什么。解析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has；同理，want應(yīng)改為wants，本句是典型的主謂不一致。改為：Onceonehastime,hecandowhathewantstodo.（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2024屆河南省濮陽市高三下學(xué)期二?！俊癟hepromotionofhanfu39(become)easierinrecentyears.2.【2024屆廣東省惠州市高三下學(xué)期一模擬考試】Lookingahead,themuseumsouvenirmarketinChina50(expect)tocontinuegrowing.3.【2024屆貴州省遵義市高三下學(xué)期第二次模擬測試】Chinesesauerkraut,apicklewhich3(make)ofChinesecabbage,isatraditionalspecialtyofthenortheasternregionandisnowsoldaroundthecountry4exportedoverseas.4.【2024屆山東省聊城市高三下學(xué)期二模】Chineseacrobatic(雜技)datesbacktotheNeolithic,whenancientpeopledevelopeditfromdailylifeforenjoymentandcelebration.Theuseofdailyitemssuchastables,chairs,bowlsandplates1(be)commonintheirperformances.5.【2024屆安徽省馬鞍山市高三下學(xué)期三?！緼ttheheartoftheexhibition,GirlonaSwing5(surround)byblock-colorpaintingsandarecreatedgrassyarea,reflectingtheartist’sinnerworldwithcolorsofgoldencornfields,shiningsun,andexpansivegreeneryspreadingout.6.【2024屆四川省眉山市仁壽縣四川省仁壽第一中學(xué)校模擬】TheDongfengLandingSitehasasearchzoneoftensofthousandsofsquarekilometers,which5(contain)desert,saltflats,aswellaswetlandsthatmakeitchallengingtofindout6thereentrymodulemightland.7.【2024屆四川省瀘州市高三下學(xué)期三?！緼ttheageof6,shestartedtohelphermothertomakeSuembroideryitems,allofwhich29(sell)tosupportthefamily.8.【2024屆河南省開封市高三下學(xué)期三模】Thepreciselocationsoftheshipwrecksandtheassociatedculturalrelics36(determine)throughtheuseofoceanographictechnologyandunderwaterinvestigationsinvolvingmannedsubmersibles,whichconducted41divesthroughouttheyear,asconfirmedbySongJianzhong,37researcherattheNationalCenterforArchaeology.9.【2024屆內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)赤峰市赤峰市三?！緽eforethenewdiscovery,thefishingandhunting45(know)tobemainactivitiesinHongshanancestors’life.10.【2024屆湖北省高三下學(xué)期新高考三?！縈id-AutumnFestivalandLunarNewYearareasimportanttotheminAustraliaasthey4(be)inChina,andwillcontinuetobeso.11.【2024屆安徽省合肥市高三下學(xué)期二?！縐ponreturn,Huang8(appoint)chiefscientistofChina’sbiggestdeepearthexplorationprogram.12.【2024屆江西省景德鎮(zhèn)市高三下學(xué)期第三次質(zhì)量檢測】Thistypeofembroidery13(feature)abolduseofbrilliantcolors.ChenYunzhen,fromBeichuanQiangAutonomousCountyinSichuanProvince,isamasterofQiangembroidery.13.【四川省成都市成實外教育聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期聯(lián)考】Thisphilosophy38(fascinate)andinspiredpeopleinChina,aswellasthoseinmanyAsiancountriesandmorerecentlyintheWest,overthecourseofmanycenturies.14.【2024屆江西省新余市高三下學(xué)期二模】Cleaningmustbedonebeforetheholiday,46(typical)inJanuaryorFebruary,sincesweepingafterthefestivities47(see)asremovinggoodluck.15.【2024屆河南省通義大聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期最后一卷】“I’mjustwaiting.Itrustmyteam.Oncethedecision52(make),Iwillrevieweverything.Twoyearswouldbelong,inthecaseofoneyearImightsee.16.【2024屆河南省通義大聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期最后一卷】GuardiolaisexpectedtoleavewhenhiscurrentCitydeal56(end)nextyearbutDeBruynedoesnotseethatasareasontomoveonhimself.17.【2024屆河南省通義大聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期最后一卷】Thisisobvious59ManCitylostthetwoPremierLeaguematcheswhichDeBruynedidn’tparticipatein,scoringnone,andit60(be)DeBruynehimselfcontributingawholelottosaveManCityfrombeingslashedbyRealMadrid.18.【2024屆湖南省永州市高三下學(xué)期第三次模擬】Dazhai,avillage1(surround)bymountainsonallsidesinGuangxi'sLongshengautonomouscountyofvariousethnicgroups,whichboastsaround66squarekilometersofterraced(梯田形的)fieldsthathavebeencultivatedforaround2,300years,2(attract)tensofthousandsofvisitorseveryyear.19.20.【2024屆遼寧省重點高中協(xié)作校聯(lián)考高三下學(xué)期4月高考模擬】Porcelainisthecreativefruitof8workingpeopleofancientChina.SincetheHanandTangDynasties,porcelain9(export)worldwide.【2024屆四川省成都市金牛區(qū)成都外國語學(xué)校高三下學(xué)期零診模擬】Inanageofrapidlygrowingurbanization,rooftopfarminghasemergedasasustainableresponse1thechallengeofcreatinggreenspaceincities.Thisinnovativepracticetransformsrooftopsintominifarms,wherevegetables,fruits,andevenflowers2(plant),providinglocalresidentswithfreshproduceandaddingatouchofnaturetourbanenvironments.Rooftopfarming,also3(refer)toasverticalagriculture,ismorethanjustatrend;it’sasteptowardsenvironmentalconservation.Greenroofswithvegetationhelptoabsorbsunlightandreleasemoisture,coolingtheairandreducingthedemandforairconditioning,4inturnlessensenergy5(consume)andcarbonemission.Meanwhile,rooftopfarmsserveaseducationalplatforms,6(teach)citydwellersaboutsustainableagriculturepracticesandtheimportanceof7(local)sourcedfood.Asurbanpopulationscontinuetogrow,rooftopfarmingfosterscommunityengagement8promoteshealthierlifestylesbyprovidingaccesstofreshandorganicproduce.Whenwelooktowards9futurewhereenvironmentalconsciousnessandsustainablepracticesbecomeincreasinglyvital,rooftopfarmingstandsasatestamenttoourabilitytocultivatemorethanjustfood—wecultivatehopefora10(green)andmoreresilient(可迅速恢復(fù)的)world.2024年1.【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Further,theSilkRouteGardenaroundthegreenhouse____60____(walk)visitorsthroughajourneyinfluencedbytheancientSilkRoad,bywhichsilkaswellasmanyplantspeciescametoBritainfor____61____firsttime.2.【2024全國甲卷】They____44____（be）partofa15-memberexploringpartythathadspentalmostfiveawesomeweeksinwitnessofthenaturalbeautiesthere.3.【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】“SomeofthethingsthatTangwaswritingabout___38___(be)alsoShakespeare’sconcerns.4.【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷】Twoyearslater,asix-meter-tallpavilion,___40___(inspire)byThePeonyPavilion,___41___(build)attheFirsGarden,justtenminutes’walkfromShakespeare’sbirthplace.5.【2024北京卷】OnApril5,2024,JohnTinniswood___15___(name)theworld’soldestlivingman.6.【2024浙江1月卷】Ifyoursupermarketsellslooseproduce,thenbuyingsmallerquantitiesiseasier.Overthelasttwoyears,somesupermarkets____42____(start)sellingchickenorsaladinpacks____43____(design)withtwohalvescontainingseparateportions(份).2023年1.【2023年全國乙卷】____46____(visit)severaltimesoverthelast10years,I____47____(amaze)bytheco-existenceofoldandnew,andhowacitywasabletokeepsucharichheritage(遺產(chǎn))whileconstantlygrowing....The____49____(remark)developmentofthiscity,whichisconsciouslydesignedtoprotectthepastwhilesteppingintothemodernworld,_____50_____(mean)thereisalwayssomethingnewtodiscoverhere,andIcouldbephotographingBeijingforthenext50years.2.【2023年浙江1月卷】Citizensofhighersocialclasses59(permit)toliveclosertothecenterofthecircles.3.【2023年北京卷】Forthesereasons,theyarepraisedas“coastalguardians”.Uptonow,China____16____(establish)anumberofprotectedareaswithmangroves.2022年1.【2022新高考I卷】Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat__________(be)previouslyunprotected....Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallysetupnextyear.TheGPNP__________(design)toreflecttheguidingprincipleof“protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protectingecologicalbufferzones,andleavingbehindpreciousnaturalassets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations”.2.【2022全國甲卷】Inthelastfiveyears,Cao___________(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents3.【2022年浙江卷1月】Travellingtoconferences,lectures,workshops,andthelikefrequentlybyplane________（view）asimportantforscientiststogettogetherandexchangeinformation.4.【2022年浙江卷1月】ButCobbandothers________（be）nowquestioningthatideapushingconferencestoprovidemorechancestoparticipateremotely,and________（change）theirpersonalbehaviortodotheirpartindealingwiththeclimatechangecrisis....OnawebsitecalledNoFlyClimateSci,forexample,roughly200academics—manyofthemclimatescientists__________（promise）toflyaslittleaspossiblesincetheeffortstartedtwoyearsago.5.【2022年新高考2卷】Henry___42___(fix)hiscarwhenheheardthescreams.HelookedupandsawErichangingfromthebalcony.6.【2022年北京卷】Thishasbeenadoptedtoensureeasierdetectionofgas