第13講現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的用法-2022年七年級英語寒假課（牛津上海版）2

第13講現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的用法【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】掌握現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時的基本用法2、完成專項訓(xùn)練【基礎(chǔ)知識】現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時基本用法介紹基本概念：表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)?；揪湫?肯定句：have/has+done(過去分詞)否定句：主語+have/has+not+done(過去分詞)+其他.一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done(過去分詞)+其他.簡略答語：Yes,主語+have/has.(肯定)No,主語+haven't/hasn't.(否定)以study為例，其否定式、疑問式和簡單回答形式如下：否定式疑問式簡單回答（肯/否定）Ihavenot(haven’t)studied….Haveyoustudied…?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.Theyhavenot(haven’t)studied….Havetheystudied…?Yes,theyhave.No,theyhaven’t.Hehasnot(hasn’t)studied….Hashestudied…?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.基本結(jié)構(gòu):have/has+過去分詞eg:Ihaveneverseensuchfinepicturesbefore.動詞過去分詞不規(guī)則變化:動詞的過去分詞有規(guī)則形式和非規(guī)則形式兩種，規(guī)則形式同過去式的規(guī)則形式。非規(guī)則形式需要特殊記憶。可以這樣分類：AAA、ABB、ABA、ABC、AABAAA式：bet,cost,cut,fit,hit,hurt,let,put,read,set,shut,spit,spread...ABA式：ecameebeebecamebeerunranrunABC式：stealstolestolenspeakspokespokenbreakbrokebrokendrivedrovedrivenwritewrotewrittengivegavegivenswimswamswumspringsprangsprungblowblewblownbeginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkgrowgrewgrownknowknewknownthrowthrewthrownshowshowedshowndrawdrewdrawntaketooktakendodiddoneseesawseenABB式：bringbroughtbroughtfightfoughtfoughtthinkthoughtthoughtbuyboughtboughtcatchcaughtcaughtteartoretornwearworewornkeepkeptkeptsweepsweptsweptleaveleftleftfeelfeltfeltpaypaidpaidsaysaidsaidsendsentsentlendlentlentsellsoldsoldtelltoldtolddigdugdugwinwonwonsitsatsathearheardheardmeetmetmetmakemademadeloselostloststandstoodstoodgetgotgotbuildbuiltbuiltfindfoundfoundunderstandunderstoodunderstoodholdheldheldfeedfedfedleadledledAAB式：beatbeatbeaten基本用法:A．"完成用法"表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果），可以和already,never,ever,just,before,yet等副詞連用,動作不延續(xù)。Thecarhasarrived.（結(jié)果：車子已在門口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）Ican’tfindmywatchnow.IthinkIhavealreadylostit.(丟手表發(fā)生在過去，但現(xiàn)在還沒有找到，即過去的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。)B."未完成用法"表示過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，可以和表示從過去某一時刻延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（包括“現(xiàn)在”在內(nèi)）的一段時間的狀語連用,如for+時間段、since+過去的時間點、疑問詞howlong等。Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears.Mr.BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?時間狀語:already（已經(jīng)）,yet（尚且沒有）never（從不）,ever（曾經(jīng)）,just（剛才,before(之前）,since（自從）,for（持續(xù)）,sofar（迄今為止）,uptonow=uptillnow（到目前為止),recently（最近）,lately（近來）,inthepast/last+過去的時間，頻率副詞（often,sometimes...）,表示次數(shù)（once,twice...）eg:Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.說明：already與yet都有“已經(jīng)”的意思，但already常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet常用于否定句和疑問句，并用于句末。用already或yet

1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures___________?No,not___________.

2)Mostofushavefinishedourpositions___________.

3)Hesayshehasn’tvisitedtheexhibition___________.注意事項:1.表示過去的時間狀語以及when為首的疑問句，皆不可與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。判斷正誤：T(truth)F(false)2．瞬間動詞瞬間性動詞（也可叫點動詞或非延續(xù)性動詞）表示的動作瞬間即可結(jié)束，不能再延續(xù)，因此在完成時當(dāng)中不能和表示一段時間的狀語連用。常用瞬間性動詞：(1)來(e)、去(go)、到(getto/reach/arriveat)、離(leave)、看(see)、聽hear

(2)買(buy)、賣(sell)、開(open)、關(guān)(close)、起床(getup)

(3)參加(join/takepartin)、開發(fā)(begin/start)、還給(return/give)借(給)(borrow/lend)

(4)變成(bee/turn)、帶來(bring/take)、給(give)、死亡(die)、完成(finish/end)、收到(receive/hearfrom)因此，不能說：Hehaseherefor2weeks.×Theoldmanhasdiedfor4months.×Theyhaveleftonlyfor5minutes.×以上三句話可以改為：Hehas__________________for2weeks.Theoldmanhas__________________for4months.Theyhave__________________onlyfor5minutes.3.延續(xù)性動詞與非延續(xù)性動詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換 /openclosed//////...4.如果謂語動態(tài)是瞬間動詞的否定式，則可以和表示一段時間的短語for連用。eg:Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.5.句型：Itis(hasbeen)+時間段+since…“自從……以來有一段時間了”其中要求since引導(dǎo)的從句必須采用一般過去時，而主句是一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時。eg:Itis/hasbeenfourdayssinceIcaughtacold.Itis/hasbeentwoweekssincewemetlast.Itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehisbrotherjoinedthearmy.Itis/hasbeentenyearssincetheygotmarried.補充：該從句的謂語動詞是瞬間性動詞時，從句正常翻譯；

如果該從句的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞作，從句必須作否定翻譯。

eg:Itistwohourssincehelefttheclassroom.

Itisthreeyearssinceheworkedthere.

Itisfiveyearssincehebecameasoldier.

Itisfiveyearssincehewasasoldier.特殊用法比較：(1)比較since和forsince+時間點，for+時間段Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

Myaunthasworkedinapanysince1949.

Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.注意：此種用法中表示持續(xù)動作或狀態(tài)的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞（否定句除外）。例如：(1)這本書我已經(jīng)買了三個月了。錯誤：Ihaveboughtthebookforthreemonths.正確：Ihavehadthebookforthreemonths.(2)你哥哥參軍多長時間了？錯誤：Howlonghasyourbrotherjoinedthearmy?正確：Howlonghasyourbrotherbeeninthearmy/beenasoldier?(2)比較have/hasbeento、have/hasgoneto和havebeeninhave(has)beento...表示“曾去過某地，已回”，可以和ever、never、twice等連用。have(has)goneto表示“已經(jīng)去了某地，在沒回”。have(has)beenin表示“在某地呆多長時間”，常與表示一段時間的狀語連用eg:HewenttoShanghailastweek.上周他去了上海.eg:HehasbeentoShanghaiseveraltimes.他(曾經(jīng))到/去過上海.(已回)eg:WhereisTom?HehasgonetoShanghai.他已經(jīng)去上海了.(沒回)eg:Mr.BrownhasbeeninShanghaiforthreedays.布朗先生來上海已經(jīng)有三天了

現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)與一般過去時態(tài)的區(qū)別1.一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強調(diào)的是影響。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（強調(diào)動作發(fā)生的時間是yesterday。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）一般過去時常與具體的表示過去的時間狀語連用;現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語:yesterday,lastweek,ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,until,uptonow,recently句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如yesterday,last,week,in1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。（錯）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.

（對）Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.過去完成時的用法過去完成時基本用法介紹基本概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。它表示動作發(fā)生的時間是“過去的過去”。圖示如下：|||>過去完成

過去

現(xiàn)在將來eg:HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeteralready.

基本結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞eg:Theyhadalreadyfinishedcleaningtheclassroomwhentheirteachercame基本句型：①基本形式:had+過去分詞。如:Wehadreachedthetopofthehillbeforemidnight.

②否定形式:had+not+過去分詞。如:Theyhadn’tfinishedtheworkwhenwegotthere.③一般疑問句形式:had提到句首,回答用Yes,主語+had./No,主語+hadn’t.

—Hadhetoldyoutogothereearlieryesterday?

—Yes,hehad./No,hehadn’t.

基本用法：①用在主句為一般過去時的賓語從句中。如told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。eg:MyfatheraskedmeifIhadfinishedreadingthatbook.eg:Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.②用在“after/before/when+過去時態(tài)引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句”或有“by+過去時間”的時間狀語從句。eg:MotherhadalreadycookedsupperbeforeIreturnedhome.eg:WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.eg:WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft.eg:Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達(dá)了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如：eg:Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere?eg:Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.eg:

Lily

had

written

some

letters

before

she

went

out

shopping.時間狀語：(1).Bythetimesb.didsth.e.g.Bythetimethepolicearrivedattheshop,theowneroftheshophadcaughtthethief.(2).When/Aftersb.didsth.(動作有先后發(fā)生的順序)e.g.Whenwereachedthestationhurriedly,thetrainhadleft.(3).Beforesb.didsth.e.g.BeforeIwenttobedlastnight,Ihaddonemyhomework.【真題演練】現(xiàn)在完成時專項練習(xí)一．用since和for填空：1.________twoyears2._________twoyearsago3._________lastmonth4.________19995._________yesterday6.__________4o’clock7.________4hours8._________shelefthere9.HehaslivedinNanjing__________theyearbeforelast.10.I’veknownhim___________wewerechildren.11.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese___________threeyears.12.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity___________abouttenyears.13.It’sabouttenyears__________sheleftthecity.二．同義句轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Hedied10yearsago.→He______________for___________.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.→He_____________thebookfor__________.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.→He___________themotorbikesince___________.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.→He____________heresince_____________.5.Helefthere2yearsago.→He____________fromherefor__________.6.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.→Thefilm__________since_________.7.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.→Thedoor__________for___________.8.Ifallasleeptwohoursago.→I____________since______________.三．用適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空：1.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.2.Bothofthem____________(e)toHongkongtendaysago.3.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).4.Myfather_____________(read)thenoveltwice.5.Look!Themonkeys__________(climb)thetree.6.I_________already_________(see)thefilm.I________(see)itlastweek.7.Mymother________just_________(e)backfromwork.Sheistirednow.8.Where’sLiMing?He__________(go)totheteacher’soffice.9._______he________(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.10.I__________(work)heresinceI______(move)herein1999.11.SofarI_______________(make)quiteafewfriendshere.12.Howlong________theWangs______________(stay)here?Fortwoweeks.13.He________(go)toschoolonfooteveryday.14._______you______(find)yoursciencebookyet?16.Thestudents____________(read)Englishwhentheteachercamein.17.Mymother__________(visit)mygrandparentsnextSunday.18.I___________(lose)mypen._________you________(see)itanywhere?19._______you_________(finish)yourworkjustnow?20.Howoften_______she_______(play)thepiano?Twiceaweek.四．按要求完成句子：1、Hehasneversurfed,____________?（改成反義疑問句）2.Myfatherhaslivedheresince2000.(對劃線部分提問)____________________________yourfather___________________?3、Theoldman_________lastyear.He____________forayear.(die)（動詞填空）4、MissGreenleftanhourago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)MissGreen______________________________anhourago.5.IhavealreadylearnedEnglishfortenyears.否定句：I__________________Englishfortenyears__________.一般疑問句：___________________________Englishfortenyears__________？肯否定回答：__________________./__________________.6.Ihavebeentherefortwodays.(對劃線部分提問)_____________________________you____________________?7.WebegantolearnEnglishthreeyearsago.(改為同義句)We____________________English__________threeyears.keys：一．113for;since;since;since;since;since;for;since;since;since;for;for;since二．1.hasbeendead,10years2.haskept,2weeks3.hashad,amonthago4.hasbeen,threedaysago5.hasbeenaway,2years6.hasbeenon,30minutesago7.hasbeenopen,anhour8.havebeenasleep,twohoursago三．1.Havebeen2.came3.havepassed,left4.hasread5.areclimbing6.have,seen,saw7.hase8.hasgone9.Has,finished10.haveworked,moved11.havemade12.has,stayed13.goes14.Have,found16.werereading17.willvisit18.lost,Have,seen19.Did,finish20.doesplay四．1.hashe2.Howlonghas,livedhere3.died,hasbeendead4.hasbeenawaysince5.haven’tlearned,yet,Haveyoulearned,yet,YesIhave,NoIhaven’t6.Howlonghave,beenhere7.havelearned,for過去完成時專項練習(xí)=1\*ROMANI.Choosethebestanswer(選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?1.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests_____whenhe_____attheparty.A.left,hadarrived

B.left,arrived

C.hadleft,hadarrived

D.hadleft,arrived2.What______Jane______bythetimehewasseven?A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done3.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I______thedinneralready.AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked4.Shesaidshe_______theprinciplealready.A.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen5.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks________theendoflastyear.A.forB.inC.byD.at6.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork7.Bytheendoflastweek,they____thebridge.A.haspletedB.pletedC.willpleteD.hadpleted8.They_________inGuangzhousince2000.A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving9.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived10.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned11.Fergie_______theprojectinonehour.A.havefinishedB.willfinishC.finishesD.hasfinished12.Theman________hiscoatandwentout.A.putonB.hadputonC.willputonD.wasputtingon13.Whenhearrivedatthebusstop,thebus_______for20minutes.A.hasleftB.hadleftC.hasbeenawayD.hadbeenaway二.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.We_____________(paint)thehousebeforewe______________(move)in.2.TheReads______________(have)lunchwhenI________________(get)totheirhouse.3.We_______________(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.4.He______________(nottell)youthenewsyet.5.Hesaidhe_____________already_________(give)thebooktotheteacher.6.Shetoldmeshe_________________(be)toSanyathreetimes.7.Mymother___________(be)ateachersince2003.8.I___________(wash)alltheclothes.SoIcanhavearest.9.They___________(stay)inChinaforalongtime.10.Myfather___________(arrive)homebeforenineo’clocklastnight.keys：一．113DDADCCDCCBBAD二．1.hadpainted,moved2.werehaving,got3.hadlearned4.hasn’ttold5.hadgiven6.hadbeen7.hasbeen8.havewashed9.havestayed10.hadarrived【過關(guān)檢測】1.默寫單元單詞和詞組。2.復(fù)習(xí)本節(jié)課所學(xué)的重點筆記內(nèi)容。一、單項選擇1．Myuncle___________inEnglandsincetenyearsago.A．lives B．lived C．willlive D．haslived2．Byseveno’clockthismorning,Allen________breakfastwithhiswife.A．willhave B．had C．hadhad D．ishaving3．Hundredsofstudents________tomunicateasvolunteerbytheendoflastyear.A．sent B．hadsent C．hadbeensent D．weresent4．Beforethetyphoonarrived,around1.8millionpeople________tosafety.A．moves B．hasmoved C．weremoving D．hadmoved5．BytheendoflastMarch,We________fiftytreesintheschoolyard.A．plant B．wereplanting C．hadplanted D．willplant6．Bytheendoflastmonth,they________theworkonthenewhospitalalready.A．finish B．willfinish C．hasfinished D．hadfinished7．BytheendoflastDecember,littleArthur_______over400Englishwords.A．willlearn B．haslearned C．islearning D．hadlearned8．Whatagoodtimetheyhad________inthepartysinginganddancing!A．taken B．spent C．spending D．taking9．ImetLiLeiinthestreetyesterday.We________eachothersincewelefthighschool.A．haven’tseen B．hadn’tseenC．didn’tsee D．weren’tseeing10．HanMeitoldmeshe________lunch,soshewasveryhungry.A．hashad B．hasn’thaveC．havehad D．hadn’thad11．—Howlong________themovie________whenthestudentsgotthere?—About10minutes.A．has;begun B．had;begunC．had;beenon D．has;beenon12．Mr.Blackdidn’ttellmehowlong________inhisemail.A．hehadetoShanghai B．hadhebeentoShanghaiC．hehadbeentoShanghai D．hehadbeeninShanghai13．Thenewsuspensionbridge________bytheendoflastmonth.A．hasbeendesigned B．hadbeendesigned C．wasdesigned D．wouldbedesigned14．WhenIgottothecinema,thefilm________fortenminutes.A．hasbegun B．hadbegun C．hadbeenon D．was15．Amazingchanges________place________threeyearsago.A．took,for B．wastaken,since C．havetaken,since D．hastaken,at16．Mybrother________Franceonbusinessandhewon’tbebackinaweek.A．hasgone B．hasgoneto C．hasbeen D．hasbeento17．—Mum,IwanttowatchYouthWithYouoniqiyitonight.—Oh,dear.It________fornearlytwentyminutes.eon.A．willbegin B．willbeon C．hasbegun D．hasbeenon18．—Tom,youspeakFrenchsowell.—Thankyou.I________Frenchfor6years.A．learn B．learned C．willlearn D．havelearned19．WandaPlaza________formanyyears,butI________thereonlyonce.A．hasopened;havegone B．hasopened;hasbeenC．hasbeenopen;havegone D．hasbeenopen;havebeen20．There________greatchangesinmyhometowninthelasttenyears.A．is B．a(chǎn)re C．hasbeen D．havebeen21．—Areyounewhere?—No.We________herefor5years.A．lived B．willlive C．havelived D．a(chǎn)reliving22．—DoyouknowMarywell,Tom?—Ofcourse,sincewemet3yearsago,we________friendswitheachother.A．havebeen B．were C．made D．havemade23．I’msogladthatI________nearlyhalfofthetestnow.A．finish B．finished C．willfinish D．havefinished24．—Theairhereismuchfresherthanbefore.—Exactly!We________alotoftreesinthepastfewyears.A．planted B．wereplanting C．haveplanted D．willplant25．Cornproduction________nearly125percentoverthepast25yearsinChina.A．jumped B．jumps C．willjump D．hasjumped26．WehavebeeninChina________threeyears.Welikeit.A．in B．for C．since D．from27．—Maria,whatdoyouthinkofMountFanjing?—Verycool.I___________thereonce.I’dliketogothereagain.A．hasbeen B．havebeen C．havegone D．hasgone28．—WhereisMr.Green?—He_________thebookstore.Youhavetowaitforhim.A．wasgoingto B．hasgoneto C．hasbeento D．isgoingto29．—Thisisareallyoldbike.—Yes,I_________itforsevenyears.A．havehad B．havebought C．bought D．hadbought30．—Howhappyyourgrandparentsare!—Yes,they_________forfiftyyears.havemarried B．havebeenmarried C．havegotmarried D．married31．—CouldI________yourbicycle?—Sure,andyoucan________itforaweek.A．borrow;borrow B．borrow;keep C．lend;lend D．lend;borrow32．—HowlongcanI__________yourdictionary?—Oneday,I’mafraid.Infact,it’snotmine.I__________itfromLily.A．borrow;borrowed B．lend;lentC．keep;borrowed D．keep;lent33．Billhadworkedeffectivelylastnight.By9o’clock,he________alltheemailsonhisputer.A．willcheck B．hadchecked C．havechecked D．checked34．WhenIreachedhome,myparents________theirsupper.A．a(chǎn)rehaving B．havealreadyhad C．had D．hadalreadyhad35．WangYingisgoodatEnglish.She________nearlytwothousandEnglishwordsbylastmonth.A．learns B．learned C．haslearned D．hadlearned36．Mrs.Brown________herkeysintheoffice,soshehadtowaituntilherhusband________home.A．hasleft;es B．hadleft;came C．hadbeenaway;came D．hasbeenaway;es37．They________printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.A．hadfinished B．havefinished C．hadbeenfinished D．havebeenfinished38．—CanIseeMissGuatthemoment,please?—I’mafraidnot.She________Nanjingfor2days.She’llebackinthreedays.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneto C．hasbeenin D．went39．IfI________harderwhenIwasyoung,I________auniversityandlivedadifferentlife.A．worked;wouldentered B．hadworked;wouldhaveenteredC．wouldworked;hadentered D．haveworked;willhaveentered40．Bythetimewegottothestation,David________fortenminutes.A．hasleft B．hadleft C．hasbeenaway D．hadbeenaway參考答案1．D【詳解】句意：自從十年前我的叔叔就住在英國?？疾閯釉~的時態(tài)。根據(jù)“sincetenyearsago”可知講述的是動作過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，句子是現(xiàn)在完成時，動詞用“haslived”。故選D。2．C【詳解】句意：到今天早上七點，艾倫已經(jīng)和他的妻子一起吃過早餐了?？疾檫^去完成時。時間狀語“seveno’clockthismorning（今天早上7點）”是表示過去的時間，而加上介詞“by（到……為止）”表示在今天早上7點之前吃早餐的動作已完成，由此可知他們一起吃早餐的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，所以此句時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時。故選C。3．C【詳解】句意：到去年年底，已有數(shù)百名學(xué)生被派去做志愿者交流?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語bytheendoflastyear可知，句子應(yīng)用過去完成時，主語Hundredsofstudents和謂語動詞之間存在被動意義，故用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)，其結(jié)構(gòu)是hadbeen+過去分詞，故選C。4．D【詳解】句意：在臺風(fēng)到來之前，大約180萬人已經(jīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到安全地帶?？疾檫^去完成時?！癮round1.8millionpeople…tosafety”動作發(fā)生在“Beforethetyphoonarrived”之前，“過去的過去”是過去完成時，故選D。5．C【詳解】句意：到去年三月底為止，我們已經(jīng)在校園里種了五十棵樹?？疾檫^去完成時。根據(jù)“BytheendoflastMarch”可知，種樹的動作發(fā)生在去年三月底之前，此處強調(diào)“過去的過去”，用過去完成時，故選C。6．D【詳解】句意：到上個月底，他們已經(jīng)完成了新醫(yī)院的建設(shè)工作?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語“Bytheendoflastmonth”可知，句子應(yīng)用過去完成時，構(gòu)成形式為：haddone；finish的過去分詞是finished。故選D。7．D【詳解】句意：到去年12月底，小亞瑟已經(jīng)學(xué)了400多個英語單詞。

考查過去完成時?！皌heendoflastDecember”表示的是過去的時間，而此時間狀語加上介詞“by（到……為止）”表示的是過去的過去，由此可知“學(xué)習(xí)英語單詞”發(fā)生在過去的過去，時態(tài)應(yīng)用過去完成時。故選D。8．B【詳解】句意：他們在晚會上又唱又跳，多么開心啊！考查動詞辨析及時態(tài)辨析。take花費（時間），常用于“Ittakes/takesb.timetodosth.”句式中；spend花費（時間或金錢），常用于spend...(in)doingsth.或spend...onsth.結(jié)構(gòu)中。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處用spend；再由“had”可知用過去完成時，此處用spend的過去分詞形式spent。故選B。9．B【詳解】句意：昨天我在街上遇到了李雷。我們高中畢業(yè)后就沒見過面?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。see看見。根據(jù)“sincewelefthighschool.”可知，此處應(yīng)用完成時；根據(jù)“ImetLiLei”可知，我遇見李雷是過去時，所以我們沒見到對方是過去的過去，需用過去完成時，故選B。10．D【詳解】句意：韓梅告訴我她還沒吃午飯，所以她很餓?？疾檫^去完成時。have吃。根據(jù)“shewasveryhungry”可知，她很餓，所以她沒吃午飯；她很餓是一般過去時，所以沒吃午飯是在肚子餓之前，所以是過去的過去，需用過去完成時，故選D。11．C【詳解】句意：——當(dāng)學(xué)生們進去的時候，電影播放了多久？——大約10分鐘。考查過去完成時。has/had助動詞；begun開始，非延續(xù)動詞；beenon開始，表狀態(tài)。根據(jù)“whenthestudentsgotthere”可知，when后面引導(dǎo)的從句是一般過去時，所以電影是在學(xué)生進去之前開始播放的，所以是過去的過去，助動詞用had；因電影的播放是延續(xù)性動作，需用beenon，故選C。12．D【詳解】句意：在他的郵件中，Black先生沒有說他在上海待了多久?？疾橘e語從句及詞義辨析。hadeto來過；hadbeento去過；hadbeenin一直在。根據(jù)“howlong”可知，本題表示“在上海呆了多久”，所以應(yīng)用hadbeenin；此外，賓語從句語序為陳述語序。故選D。13．B【詳解】句意：這座新吊橋是上個月底設(shè)計的。考查被動語態(tài)。根據(jù)“bytheendoflastmonth.”可知，動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，要用過去完成時；再根據(jù)主語“bridge”與“design”是被動關(guān)系，故要用被動語態(tài)；過去完成時的被動語態(tài)為hadbeen+過去分詞。故選B。14．C【詳解】句意：當(dāng)我到達(dá)電影院的時候，這個電影已經(jīng)開始播放了10分鐘。

考查過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。在這個時間狀語從句中，主句謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在從句謂語動作之前，即在“到達(dá)電影院”之前“電影開演了十分鐘”，故主句謂語動詞應(yīng)該用過去完成時，又因為begin這個動作無法延續(xù)，所以用be動詞加上on來表示動作的延續(xù)。故選C。15．C【詳解】句意：三年前以來發(fā)生了驚人的變化。考查現(xiàn)在完成時。根據(jù)“Amazingchanges...place...threeyearsago.”可知，此處強調(diào)變化已經(jīng)發(fā)生，用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語是復(fù)數(shù)，助動詞用have，故選C。16．B【詳解】句意：我的哥哥因公去了法國，一周內(nèi)他不會回來?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。hasgoneto表示“去了某地”，當(dāng)?shù)攸c為副詞時“to”要省略；hasbeento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，即有過去某地的經(jīng)歷，地點為副詞時“to”省略。根據(jù)“hewon’tbebackinaweek”可知此處表示去了法國，F(xiàn)rance“法國”，表示具體的地點，所以“to”不可以省略，故選B。17．D【詳解】句意：——媽媽，今天晚上我想在愛奇藝上觀看《青春有你》這個節(jié)目。——噢，親愛的?！肚啻河心恪芬呀?jīng)播了20分鐘了。快去看吧?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)?！癴or+一段時間”是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標(biāo)志性時間狀語?，F(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的構(gòu)成為“have/has+動詞的過去分詞”。由“fornearlytwentyminutes”表示“已經(jīng)播出了20分鐘了”可知本題應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。又因為C選項中的begun表“開始”，是一個非延續(xù)性動詞，不能與“fornearlytwentyminutes”連用，因此C選項不選。D選項中“hasbeenon”表“上演”，屬于一種持續(xù)狀態(tài)，可與“fornearlytwentyminutes”連用。故選D。18．D【詳解】句意：——Tom，你法語說得很好?！x謝。我已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)法語6年了?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時。learn學(xué)習(xí)，根據(jù)“for6years”可知，時態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時，故選D。19．D【詳解】句意：萬達(dá)廣場已經(jīng)開業(yè)多年，但我只去過一次。考查動詞時態(tài)。for+一段時間，動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞，open是短暫性動詞，對應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞是beopen，排除A和B選項。hasgoneto去了某地（還未回來）；hasbeento去過某地（已回來）。根據(jù)“butI…thereonlyonce.”可知，曾經(jīng)去過，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)回來，故選D。20．D【詳解】句意：在過去的十年里，我的家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化?？疾闀r態(tài)辨析。根據(jù)“inthelasttenyears”可知要用現(xiàn)在完成時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為have/hasdone，主語“greatchanges”是復(fù)數(shù)，助動詞用have。故選D。21．C【詳解】句意：——你是新來的嗎？——不是。我們在這里住了5年了?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)“for5years”可知，時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時，結(jié)構(gòu)是“have/has+過去分詞”；主語是“we”，要用have，live的過去分詞為lived。故選C。22．A【詳解】句意：——Tom，你非常了解Mary嗎？——當(dāng)然，自從我們3年前認(rèn)識以來，我們一直是好朋友。考查動詞時態(tài)。since+一般過去時的從句，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時，且動詞要用延續(xù)性動詞，make是短暫性動詞，befriends是延續(xù)性動詞，故選A。23．D【詳解】句意：我很高興我現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成了將近一半的考試?？疾閯釉~時態(tài)。根據(jù)“I’msogladthatI...nearlyhalfofthetestnow.”可知，這里是過去的動作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，所以用現(xiàn)在完成時，