考點28 閱讀理解之詞義猜測題（核心考點精講精練）高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點幫（新高考）

考點28閱讀理解之詞義猜測題（核心考點精講精練）1.高考真題考點分布年份試卷類型篇序體裁詞數(shù)話題考點分布細節(jié)理解推理判斷主旨大意詞義猜測2024新高考全國I卷A應(yīng)用文199人與社會：棲息地修復(fù)工作隊志愿者招募3000B夾敘來議文296人與社會：美國獸醫(yī)采用針灸技術(shù)治療動物0310C說明文339人與社會：紙質(zhì)閱讀與數(shù)字閱讀在學(xué)習(xí)效果上的差異1201D說明文358人與自然：現(xiàn)代生物采樣數(shù)據(jù)的科學(xué)性1300新高考全國II卷A(應(yīng)用文290人與自然：四種徒步活動3000B說明文276人與社會：：舊金山灣區(qū)快速交通引入短篇故事自助服務(wù)亭2200C說明文268人與社會：巴比倫微農(nóng)場2110D說明文321人與社會：圖書《人工智能設(shè)計:與人工智能共生的計劃》0301全國甲卷A應(yīng)用文226人與社會：哈佛社區(qū)的ARTSFIRST藝術(shù)節(jié)2100B說明文302人與自然：了解貓的行為1111C說明文267人與社會：提供醫(yī)療服務(wù)的圣盧卡斯列車1300D說明文348人與社會：談?wù)撐膶W(xué)作品的最佳結(jié)局1300北京卷A應(yīng)用文240人與自我：語言交流項目3000B記敘文354人與自我：1300作者重拾畫油畫的信心并接受了自身局限性C議論文408人與社會：討論科學(xué)問題：宇宙是否是由計算機模擬生成的0301D說明文384人與社會：人類道德準則的形成過程及人類建立道德準則的標(biāo)準1110浙江1月卷A應(yīng)用文233人與社會：音樂劇《湯姆·索亞:河流歷險記》3000B記敘文338人與社會：感受電話亭變遷1300C議論文313人與自然：加拿大Alberta防雹千預(yù)計劃之爭3100D說明文339人與自我：兒童棉花糖實驗引發(fā)思考11102023新高考全國I卷A應(yīng)用文209人與社會：自行車租賃廣告3000B記敘文340人與自然：微生物處理凈化廢水1300C說明文322人與社會：數(shù)字時代如何做到極簡生活1201D說明文339人與社會：“群體智慧”效應(yīng)的基本原理1210新高考全國II卷A應(yīng)用文256人與自然：今年息季在黃石國家公園舉辦的一系列護林員項目3000B記敘文273人與社會：UrbanSprouts學(xué)校園藝項目2110C說明文321人與社會：圖書《閱讀藝術(shù):圖書愛好者的藝術(shù)》1201D說明文320人與自然：城市中自然場所的存在對居民的健康至關(guān)重要3100全國甲卷A應(yīng)用文263人與社會：開啟曼谷美食之旅的建議3000B記敘文277人與社會：DIY能手TerriBolton的故事1201C說明文333人與社會：一本有關(guān)哲學(xué)的書喚起作者對哲學(xué)的熱愛1300D說明文319人與自然：美國灰熊的生存環(huán)境和生存狀況2200全國乙卷A應(yīng)用文229人與社會：四位從事醫(yī)學(xué)實踐的女性的生平和經(jīng)歷3000B記敘文311人與自我：一名專業(yè)的風(fēng)景攝影師的生活和拍照經(jīng)歷1300C說明文295人與社會：電視烹飪節(jié)目對英國人烹飪習(xí)慣和觀念的影響2200D議論文343人與社會：要客觀公平地講述歷史不僅需要文字資料，也需要實物史料加以佐證0211北京卷A應(yīng)用文237人與社會：國際奧林匹克委員會青年領(lǐng)袖計劃3000B記敘文386人與自我：被拒絕也不是壞事，這意味著你能重新確定自己的方向。1300C說明文366人與社會：人類社會發(fā)展中人們的短視現(xiàn)象0300D說明文429人與社會：AI對現(xiàn)代生活的影響0211浙江1月卷A應(yīng)用文220人與社會：兒童露營的內(nèi)客與安排3000B夾敘夾議346人與社會：零廢棄的生活方式0211C說明文314人與社會：軟件程序“ProjectDebater”以及它明顯的缺陷0301D說明文318人與自然：舊式太陽能農(nóng)場的弊端:破壞土壤22002022A應(yīng)用文235人與社會：課程評分辦法3000新高考全國I卷B夾敘夾議文347人與自然：日常生活食物浪費現(xiàn)象3100C說明文298人與社會：關(guān)愛養(yǎng)老院老人的養(yǎng)雞項目1201D說明文341人與自我：人類語言發(fā)展的研究2110新高考全國II卷A應(yīng)用文235人與社會：兒童博物館團體游2100B記敘文324人與社會：媒體記者對新媒體時代的感悟2101C說明文289人與社會：禁止開車使用手機1111D說明文356人與自我：有氧運動延緩甚至逆轉(zhuǎn)心臟衰老2200全國甲卷A應(yīng)用文287人與社會：英國卡迪夫市藝術(shù)劇院3000B說明文255人與自然：鸚鵡識別物體形狀的實驗2110C記敘文305人與社會：難忘的南極之旅1111D說明文340人與社會：悉尼新舊文化沖突2110全國乙卷A應(yīng)用文194人與社會：蘇格蘭畫家畫展信息3000B說明文319人與社會：介紹DorothyWickenden的書籍2200C說明文314人與社會：無人機在鐵路交通中的應(yīng)用0211D說明文325人與社會：英國征收糖稅的起因及效果3100北京卷A應(yīng)用文281同伴輔助學(xué)習(xí)課程(PASS)3000B記敘文348參加保護自然活動治愈好了焦慮3100C說明文415解決全球挑戰(zhàn)的重要方法——系統(tǒng)思維1200D議論文400量子計算真的會像它的宣傳那樣成功嗎？1111浙江1月卷A記敘文353Merebeth--自營寵物運輸專家。0201B說明文283文章按照時間順序講述了蒸汽時代和電力時代的聯(lián)系。0300C說明文342經(jīng)常鍛煉的中年女性在老年時罹患失智癥的幾率會大大降低。31002.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】根據(jù)表格分析可知，近三年來閱讀理解考查詞義猜測題共18次，主要考查：1.單詞或短語猜測題；2.句意猜測題；3.代詞指代題?！緜淇疾呗浴繜o論是直接的詞義猜測題，還是閱讀篇章中需要理解的生詞，都可運用邏輯關(guān)系、上下文、生活常識、文化背景、構(gòu)詞法等來猜測其含義。因此，在閱讀過程中，考生需要結(jié)合語境，聯(lián)系上下文進行猜測。此外，掌握一定的猜詞技巧，對提高閱讀能力都有非常重要的意義。高考閱讀理解中可以含有不超過3%的生詞量.在考試中碰到一些不認識的單詞和詞組，這是正常現(xiàn)象，大可不必驚慌失措,也不要因為對某個詞的含義糾纏不清而影響閱讀的速度和閱讀的質(zhì)量。3.【命題預(yù)測】預(yù)測2025年高考英語閱讀理解試題難度會保持相對穩(wěn)定，詞義猜測題仍然會以單詞或短語猜測題、句意猜測題和代詞指代題為主。【必備基礎(chǔ)知識】一、【猜測詞義命題解讀】猜測詞義是英語閱讀理解的重要考點之一，近幾年高考試題中都會有一個小題考查詞義猜測。從2015年開始，《考試說明》便把以往考綱中的“根據(jù)上下文推斷生詞的詞義”修訂為“根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義”。這一變化需引起我們的高度關(guān)注，這說明高考對猜詞能力的考查范圍更廣了、要求更高了。詞句猜測題它可以是對一個單詞的意義的推斷,也可以是對一個短語或句子的意義的推斷。詞句猜測題既可以考查生詞的意義,也可以考查熟詞的新義,還可以是對替代詞所替代內(nèi)容的判斷。在閱讀理解題中,所考查的詞或短語的意義往往不停留在字面上,而要根據(jù)短文提供的語境,通過閱讀上下文,根據(jù)已知的信息或常識來推測尚不熟悉的詞或短語的含義。二、【猜測詞義解題策略】題型1詞義(詞組)猜測題考查考生猜測文章中某個生詞或短語的含義,或考查該詞能被哪個單詞或短語代替題型2句意猜測題考查考生準確理解作者的觀點,尤其是對特定的人、物、事件的褒貶觀點,以準確推斷語句的含義題型3代詞指代題要求考生依據(jù)語境的邏輯關(guān)系方法1：關(guān)注詞的功能。授課過程中引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注構(gòu)詞法、詞的情感色彩、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞。方法2：關(guān)注語篇中的解釋功能。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)解釋的幾種方式：下定義、定語（從句）、同位語（從句）、舉例子、標(biāo)點符號等。方法3：關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系。引導(dǎo)學(xué)生總結(jié)幾種常見的邏輯關(guān)系：因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列、遞進等。正確選項特征邏輯通順內(nèi)容上與詞或短語所在的句子、段落有關(guān)，符合上下文邏輯；代詞查詢代詞指代有時與上文距離較遠，需要對前文內(nèi)容進行總結(jié)才能得出結(jié)論；本意延伸真實的含義與其字面意思無關(guān)，在原意的基礎(chǔ)上進行延伸或者拓展；接近原意采取轉(zhuǎn)述、舉例或列舉等表達方式，與原句意思最接近。干擾項特征1.構(gòu)詞法干擾，指片面地從構(gòu)詞法的角度猜測、思考，不考慮上下文語境，望詞生義；2.句子解釋中含有過多原句中已有的詞和短語的選項一般是錯誤選項。3拘泥于字面意思，根據(jù)所學(xué)過的熟詞意義常使考生覺得畫線詞義背過而忽略上下文主觀臆斷。01詞義(詞組)猜測題一、【設(shè)問方式】Bysayingthat“...”inthefirst(second...)paragraph,theauthormeansthat________.InParagraph...,“...”canbereplacedby“______”．Themeaningof“...”inParagraph...isrelatedto________.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningto...(Paragraph...)？AsisusedinLine...,theword“...”refersto________.Theunderlinedsentenceinthe...paragraphprobablymeansthat________.二、【詞義(詞組)猜測題7大猜詞技巧】要做好詞義猜測題，考生除了必須熟練掌握《考試大綱》規(guī)定的詞匯外，在平時的訓(xùn)練中還要注意積累生詞和短語，掌握構(gòu)詞法的基本知識，對于各種前、后綴的變化形式了然于心，還要學(xué)會根據(jù)上下文語境進行合理推測，掌握一定的解題技巧。1.利用釋義法解題在說明文尤其是科技類說明文中，作者通常會對一些關(guān)鍵詞或?qū)I(yè)術(shù)語進行解釋。常見的有對該詞下定義或后跟同位語、定語從句、冒號、破折號、括號等引出解釋說明部分。通過閱讀定義或解釋部分，讀者便可理解該詞或短語的意思。有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)其定義或解釋。標(biāo)點符號，如逗號后的解釋(名詞同位語)、破折號后的解釋、括號內(nèi)的解釋等。這都是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。例如：①Annealing

isawayofmakingmetalsofterbyheatingitandthenlettingitcoolveryslowly.句子給予了annealing一個明確的定義，即“退火”。②Itwillbeveryhardbutalsovery

brittle

—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.從thatis(也就是說)后的解釋中我們可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。③The

herdsman,_wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650

yuan

ayear.定語從句中l(wèi)ooksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的詞義為“牧人”。④Theweatherinthisareais

treacherous;_itssuddenchangesoftenendangerthelivesofsailors.分號后的句子在解釋什么樣的天氣是treacherous,suddenchange與treacherous在語義上相對應(yīng)，因此含義是“突變的”。⑤Somegoodreadersfindithelpfultousetheirsenseto

visualize

—orpicture—whattheyread.visualize的意思由破折號后的picture(想象)給出了說明，因此含義為“想象”。⑥WhenPresidentTorrijosofPanamametCarter,hetriedtogivehimafriendly

abrazo

(hug)．a(chǎn)brazo對大多數(shù)人來說都很陌生，但由括號內(nèi)的hug(擁抱)，我們不難推測abrazo也是“擁抱”的意思。例子1Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenationstateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,and

dominant

languagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.29．Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant”underlinedinparagraph2?A．Complex.

B．Advanced.C．Powerful.

D．Modern.2.利用同位關(guān)系進行猜測閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時后面緊跟一個同位語，對前面的詞進行解釋，因此可利用同位關(guān)系對前面的詞義或句意進行猜測。例如：①Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoa

castle,_alargebuildinginoldtimes.同位語部分“alargebuildinginoldtimes”給出了castle的確切詞義，即古時候的“城堡”。②Weareonthe

night_shift

—frommidnightto8a．m.—thisweek.兩個破折號之間的短語很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。③The“Chunnel”，atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance,isnowcomplete.此句中“atunnel(隧道)connectingEnglandandFrance”是Chunnel的同位語。因此，Chunnel指的就是英法之間的海底隧道。例子2IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcell

courier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89trips—ofthose,51havebeenabroad.Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells(干細胞)inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor(捐獻者)tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we'vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.29．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?A．provider

B．deliverymanC．collector

D．medicaldoctor3.利用構(gòu)詞法(前綴、后綴、派生等)進行猜測在英語中，有很多詞可以通過增加前綴和后綴的方式，構(gòu)成新詞。乍看起來，這個詞可能是新詞，但在掌握了一定的構(gòu)詞知識之后，就不難猜出它的詞義。例如：①“Ourpartiesareaimedforchildren2to10，”Anacleriosaid,“andthey'revery

interactive

andcreativeinthattheybuiltasenseofdramabasedonasubject.”文中interactive是由前綴inter(相互的)和active(活動的，活躍的)構(gòu)成的，同時根據(jù)上下文的意思可以判斷，該詞的含義應(yīng)是“互動的”。②Perhaps,wecanseesome

possibilities

fornextfiftyyears.Butthenexthundred?possibility是possible的同根名詞，據(jù)此可以判斷possibility的意思是“可能性”。例子3Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,

uneasiness,_orworry.4.利用因果關(guān)系進行猜測在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。例如：①Thelackofmovementcausedthemusclestoweaken.Sometimestheweaknesswas

permanent.Sotheplayercouldneverplaythesportagain.從后面的結(jié)果“永遠不能再運動”可以推測permanent的意思為“永遠的，永久的”。②Marydidn'tnoticemewhenIcameintotheclassroom,becauseshewascompletely

engrossed

inherreading.從前面的結(jié)果“當(dāng)我走進教室時，瑪麗沒有注意到我”可以推測engrossed的意思為“全神貫注的”。③Ourvisionwas

obscured

bythetrees,sowecouldn'tseethelakefromourwindow.由后面的結(jié)果couldn'tsee(看不見)可知，我們的視線被樹遮擋住(obscured)了。例子4Ifyouhave

a_juicer,_youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“softserve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.26．Whatis“ajuicer”inthelastparagraph?A．Adessert.

B．Adrink.C．Acontainer.

D．Amachine.6.利用同義或近義關(guān)系進行猜測在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時會使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此，考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個詞的意思。[例]Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethat

more_is_more

whenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings?ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.例子6…32．Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean?A．Themore,thebetter.B．Enoughisenough.C．Moremoney,moreworries.D．Earnmoreandspendmore.6.利用常識法解題在僅靠分析篇章內(nèi)在邏輯關(guān)系和語境無法猜出詞義時，我們可以借助生活經(jīng)驗和普通常識確定詞義。例子6…（2020年江蘇卷，C篇）61.Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“”.A.digestthemealeasilyB.managewithoutbreakfastC.decidewiselywhattoeatD.eatwhateverisoffered7.利用轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等可以推斷上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，從而可以依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。另外，分號也可以表示轉(zhuǎn)折、對比或不相干的意義。例如：①Achild'sbirthdaypartydoesn'thavetobea

hassle;_itcanbeabasketoffun.從分號前后兩句的意思可以看出，hassle和abasketoffun是相反的意義，所以不難判斷hassle的意思是“困難，麻煩”。②Sheisusually

prompt

forallherclass,buttodayshearrivedinthemiddleofherfirstclass.but一詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根據(jù)后半句的意思“她今天第一節(jié)課上了一半才來”，可得出她平時一向“準時”的結(jié)論。③TheplayersintheWorldCupareprofessionals,whilethosewhoplayintheOlympicsmustbe

amateurs.由于轉(zhuǎn)折詞“while”引導(dǎo)的兩個分句前后意義相反，我們可推測出amateurs是professionals(專業(yè)人士)的反義詞，意思為“業(yè)余人士，業(yè)余選手”。例子7…GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregradually

displaced

byhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.…29．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced”inparagraph2mean?A．Tested.

B．Separated.C．Forcedout.

D．Trackeddown.1.【2024新課標(biāo)ⅠⅠ卷D篇片段】GiventheastonishingpotentialofAItotransformourlives,weallneedtotakeactiontodealwithourAI-poweredfuture,andthisiswhereAIbyDesign:APlanforLivingwithArtificialIntelligencecomesin.ThisabsorbingnewbookbyCatrionaCampbellisapracticalroadmapaddressingthechallengesposedbytheforthcomingAIrevolution(變革).Inthewronghands,suchabookcouldproveascomplicatedtoprocessasthecomputercode(代碼)thatpowersAIbut,thankfully,Campbellhasmorethantwodecades’professionalexperiencetranslatingtheheadyintotheunderstandable.Shewritesfromthepracticalangleofabusinesspersonratherthanasanacademic,makingforaguidewhichishighlyaccessibleandinformativeandwhich,bytheclose,willmakeyoufeelalmostassmartasAI.12.Whatdoesthephrase“Inthewronghands”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Ifreadbysomeonepoorlyeducated. B.Ifreviewedbysomeoneill-intentioned.C.Ifwrittenbysomeonelesscompetent. D.Iftranslatedbysomeoneunacademic.2.【2024新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷】Iscomprehensionthesamewhetherapersonreadsatextonscreenoronpaper?Andarelisteningtoandviewingcontentaseffectiveasreadingthewrittenwordwhencoveringthesamematerial?Theanswerstobothquestionsareoften“no”.Thereasonsrelatetoavarietyoffactors,includingreducedconcentration,anentertainmentmindset(心態(tài))andatendencytomultitaskwhileconsumingdigitalcontent.Whenreadingtextsofseveralhundredwordsormore,learningisgenerallymoresuccessfulwhenit’sonpaperthanonscreen.Alargeamountofresearchconfirmsthisfinding.Thebenefitsofprintreadingparticularlyshinethroughwhenexperimentersmovefromposingsimpletasks—likeidentifyingthemainideainareadingpassage—toonesthatrequirementalabstraction—suchasdrawinginferencesfromatext.Thedifferencesbetweenprintanddigitalreadingresultsarepartlyrelatedtopaper’sphysicalproperties.Withpaper,thereisaliterallayingonofhands,alongwiththevisualgeographyofdistinctpages.Peopleoftenlinktheirmemoryofwhatthey’vereadtohowfarintothebookitwasorwhereitwasonthepage.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“shinethrough”inparagraph2mean?ASeemunlikelytolast. B.Seemhardtoexplain.C.Becomereadytouse. D.Becomeeasytonotice.2.【2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇節(jié)選】...Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanall

relateto.

Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto”inParagraph2mean?A.Understand.

B.Paint.C.Seize.

D.Transform.（2023·安徽馬鞍山·模擬預(yù)測）TheInternetoffersusanopportunitytoknowmorepeople(withoutactuallyneedingto“knowthem”),withverylittleeffort.Butareonlinefriendshipsthesameasin-real-life(IRL)friendships?HowpeopleseeonlinefriendshipsandIRLfriendshipsdependsontheirage.Whiledigitalimmigrants(suchasI)supportscientistJohnSuler’sbeliefthatpeople“separatetheironlinelivesfromtheirofflinelives”,thedigitalnativesgrowingwithFacebookandInstagramfinddifferencesbetweenonlineandofflinefriendshipsmoreunclear.ThePewResearchCenter(PRC)findsthat57%ofAmericanteensmakenewfriendsonline.But,italsofindsthatmost“digitalfriendships”stayinthedigitalspacewithonly20%ofteenshavingmetanonlinefriendinperson.Itseemsthatreal-timefriendshipsareconsideredmorevaluablethandigitalfriendshipsevenamongthedigitalnatives.Bestfriendsmeetmostoftenatschoolsandhomes,althoughonlinemeetingscomeaclosethird.ThereasonwhyonlinefriendshipsareplacedbelowIRLfriendshipsistheabsenceofphysicalintimacy(親密).So,istheInternetbadforrelationships?Obviouslynot.Butforthenet,Icouldhaveneverkeptintouchwithormetmyhighschoolfriendafteraquarterofacentury.Butevenifthereisnophysicalseparation,thedigitalnativeseemstofindonlineinteractionswithreal-lifefriendsbeneficial.83%ofteensocialmediausersbelievethatsocialmediamakesthemfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfriends’lives.78%ofonlinegamingteens(mostlyboys)feelmoreconnectedtoexistingfriendswithwhomtheyplaygames.However,onlineinteractionscanhaveanadverseeffectonexistingrelationships.68%ofteensocialmediausersreporthavingexperiencedunpleasantfeelingstowardtheirfriendsonsocialmediaand26%ofallteenshavehadanargumentwithafriendoversomethingthathappenedonlineorovertextmessages.TheInternetisundoubtedlyaninvaluablelinkbetweenpeopleseparatedbydistance.Butthislinkmustbebasedonintimacyandfamiliarityandabalanceofonlineandofflineinteractionswillpavethewayforbetterrelationshipsintheworld.3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“adverse”inparagraph5mean?A．Lasting. B．Harmful. C．Decisive. D．Noticeable.02句意猜測題句意猜測題通常是一個具有概括性的句子，或是格言、諺語等，通過閱讀文章，對其進行直接的或解釋性的描述。

主要設(shè)題形式：

Theunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeans____．

TheunderlinedwordsinParagraph1probablymeanthatabookhelpsto__________.【2022年新高考全國Ⅱ卷】Wejournalistsliveinanewageofstorytelling,withmanynewmultimediatools.Manyyoungpeopledon’tevenrealizeit’snew.Forthem,it’sjustnormal.ThishithomeformeasIwassittingwithmy2-year-oldgrandsononasofaovertheSpringFestivalholiday.Ihadbroughtachildren’sbooktoread.Ithadsimplewordsandcolorfulpictures—aperfectmatchforhisage.Picturethis:mygrandsonsittingonmylapasIholdthebookinfrontsohecanseethepictures.AsIread,hereachesoutandpokes(戳)thepagewithhisfinger.4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithomeforme”meaninparagraph2?A.Providedshelterforme. B.Becameverycleartome.C.Tookthepressureoffme. D.Workedquitewellonme.（2024·江西·一模）OneofChina’sfirstfemalesea-rescuepilotslooksbackinprideat300-plusmissionsandpromisestosavemorelives.Whentheperfectstormbrews(醞釀)overtheboundlessseaandlivesareindanger,acrewofhighlytrainedprofessionalsembarksonamissionimpossibletosearchforandrescuesurvivorsfromtheroughwaters.WanQiuwenisoneofthem.And,she’sawoman.The36-year-oldfromShanghaihasbrokentheglassceilingtobecomeoneofChina’sfirsttwofemalerescuehelicopterpilotswhorespondtosearchandrescuemissionsinvolvingcargoshipsnags(貨船遇險),vesselaccidents,medicalemergenciesandspecialmarineoperations.Thedemandingnatureoftheprofessionhadalwaysfavoredmalecandidatesuntiltheruleswerechangedforthefirstandonlytime.Shesays,“Rescueatseacanbebothchallengingandterrifying.Ifyoudon’tthinkandactfast,peoplemaydie.”O(jiān)nAug20,2020,anoiltankerferrying3,000metrictonsofgasolinecollidedwithacargoshiploadedwithsandandgravelabout1.5nauticalmiles(2,778meters)southeastoftheYangtzeRiverestuary,sparkingafireonthedeckoftheoiltankerandcausingthelattertosink.Wanwasamongthefirstrespondents.SheflewtothesitefromGaodonghelicopterairport,whichisthecountry’sfirst-of-its-kindmarinerescuelaunchpad(發(fā)射臺).“Thetankerwasstillburningandtherewasathickenvelopeofsmoke,reducingvisibilitytonearzero.”sherecalls.Andyet,withherseawisdom,Wanspottedasurvivorandexecutedasuccessfulrescueoperation.Shehoveredabovethetroubledwatersforacoupleofminutestoestimatethebestextractionpoint,andthenthrewdownaropeandpulledupaseriouslyinjuredcrewmember.Now,amotherofaboy,whenpeopleaskherifshewillcontinuetoflyonceherchildgrowsup,Wan’sresponseisaffirmative.“ThisprofessionisaboutsavinglivesandIamarescuepilot,onceandalways.”9．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“brokentheglassceiling”probablymean?A．Winningwidepraise. B．Makingapersonalbreakthrough.C．Disobeyingrulesofhercareer. D．Breakingbarrierspreventingwomen’sadvancement.03代詞指代題代詞指代題要求考生根據(jù)一定的語境推測代詞（如that,this,it,they,them,one等）所指代的內(nèi)容。此類題目主要考查考生整體理解語篇的能力，理解相關(guān)句子的意義及上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系是解這類題目的關(guān)鍵。解答代詞指代題時，也可按照上期所講的解答名詞（短語）指代題的步驟，將選項代入劃線詞所在句，看句意是否符合上下文邏輯。此外，了解一定的語篇照應(yīng)（指用代詞等語法手段來表示語義關(guān)系）知識也有助于解答代詞指代題。比如，一般來說，this和these既可用于前照應(yīng)，又可用于后照應(yīng)，但that和those通常只用于前照應(yīng)。因此，尋找that和those指代的內(nèi)容時，只需要關(guān)注上文內(nèi)容即可。1.【2024浙江1月卷】Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedatelephonebox?Imeantomakeanactualphonecall

—nottoshelterfromtherain.Agesagoright?ThelasttimeIusedaphoneboxforitsintendedpurposewas…2006.Iwasconductingauditions(試演)formyplayinmytinyoldsharedhouseinLondon.Hopingtoimpresssometalentedactorstocomeandworkformefornothing,Ispreadsomethrowsoverthesofasandlitcandlestomakeitseemabitmore”youngprofessional”.AsIrushedoutdoorstoemptythewastepaperbaskets,thedoorswungshutbehindme.SuddenlyIwaslockedoutside.Mymobilephonewasinside,butluckilytherewasatelephoneboxacrossthestreet.So,IcalledDirectoryAssistance,gotputthroughtoourlandlady’smanagingagent,andhadasparekeysenttomewithjustenoughtimetogetbackinbeforetheactorsarrived.AsithasbeenmanyyearssinceIlastusedone,Ishouldhardlybesurprisedthatthenarenolongeranypublictelephonesnearmyhouse.Thelastonestandinghasjustbeenturnintoa“minicommunitylibrary”:anypasser-bycan“borrow”abookfromitsshelvesreturnitlater,orreplaceitwithanothertitlefromtheirowncollection.Forafewmonthsafterthe“l(fā)ibrary”opened,Ididn’tbothertakingalook,asIhadassumedthatitwouldbestuffedfullofcheeselovestories.ThenInoticedforkconductingspringcleansdroppingboxesofvoluminousbooksonvarioussubjectsthere.Andthesebookswerefree.Thisunbeatableprice-pointencouragedmetoexperimentwithdozensoftitlesthatIwouldnevernormallyconsiderbuying.AndI’vediscoveredsomegreatbooks!IfIevergettrappedoutsidemyhouseagain,mylocaltelephoneboxwill,sadlynolongerbeabletoconnectmewithmykeys.ButitcancertainlykeepmeentertainedwhileIwaitformywifetorescueme.4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inthefirstparagraphreferto?A.Theplay. B.Thesharedhouse.C.Thesofa. D.Thetelephonebox.2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇節(jié)選)AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:AnofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephonesofthedriversandusetheTextalyzertocheckintheoperatingsystemforrecentactivity.Thetechnologycoulddeterminewhetheradriverhadjusttexted,emailedordoneanythingelsethatisnotallowedunderNewYork’shands-freedrivinglaws.“Weneed

something

onthebooksthatcanchangepeople’sbehavior,”saidFélixW.Ortiz,whopushedforthestate’s2001banonhand-helddevicesbydrivers.IftheTextalyzerbillbecomeslaw,hesaid,“peoplearegoingtobemoreafraidtoputtheirhandsonthecellphone.”Whatdoestheunderlinedword“something”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Advice.B.Data.C.Tests.

D.Laws.04詞義猜測題難點--詞義的推測依據(jù)遠離劃線部分通常詞義的推測依據(jù)劃線部分的前后內(nèi)容基本可以推斷出答案，有的就在劃線詞語所在的句子，有的在前面的句子，有的在后面的句中。但是有時候僅僅靠劃線部分詞匯的前后內(nèi)容依然得不出正確答案，這需要在文章前面的段落，或者是后面的段落里找，也有可能需要通讀全文才可以總結(jié)出合適的意思，此時題目的考查偏向于主旨大意的考查。[1]BigBrothersBigSistersisbasedonthesimplicityandpoweroffriendship．Itisaprogramwhichprovidesfriendshipandfunbymatching

vulnerableyoungpeople

(ages7-17)withavolunteeradultwhocanbebotharolemodelandasupportivefriend.[2]…[8]BigBrothersBigSistershasbeenofgreatbenefitandenjoymenttobothEmilyandSarah.TheyloveandlookforwardtotheirtimetogetherandthepartnershiphascertainlyhelpedEmilybemorecomfortableinbeingthewonderful,happyanduniquegirlsheis!1．Accordingtothepassage,“vulnerableyoungpeople”areprobablythosewhoare_________.

A．popularatschool

B．ratherweakphysically

C．easilyhurtemotionally

D．confidentinthemselves（最新模擬試題演練）Passage1【2024屆安徽省皖北協(xié)作區(qū)高三下學(xué)期3月模擬】TheDutchHeadwindTimeTrialChampionshipisonly8.5kilometerslong,butitisconsideredoneofthehardestcyclingchallengesintheworld.Ifyou’veeverriddenabikeagainstareasonablystrongwind,youknowjusthowdifficultdealingwiththeextradragcanbe.However,theDutchHeadwindTimeTrialChampionshiponlytakesplaceduringstorms,whenthewindforceisexpectedtobeatleast7,ontheOosterscheldekeringstormbarrier,whichfacestheNorthSea.TheDutchHeadwindTimeTrialChampionshiphasbeenheldalmosteveryyearontheOosterscheldekeringsince2013,gatheringhundredsofcyclingenthusiastsfromallovertheNetherlands.Participantsarelimitedto300,allofwhomstartinthesameplace,30secondsapartfromeachother.Thecyclistwhocompletesthe8.5-kilometercoursefirstisdeclaredthewinner.Withweatherconditionsasbadastheyareduringthisuniquerace,anykindoftechnicaladvantagecanmakeahugedifference.Therefore,organizerstrytoleveltheplayingfieldbyensuringthatallparticipantsusethesameequipment—asingle-speedaluminumGazellecitybikewithback-pedalbrakes.Theonlythingsthatcanprovideanadvantagearefitnessandendurance(忍耐力).Youmightbewonderingwhyanyonewouldwanttotorturetheirlegsbypedalingagainstwindsthatcouldsweepapersonofftheirfeel,andthat’savalidquestion,butthepointisthatmanyDutchdo.Youmaygetaglimpseofthereasonfortheirenthusiasmfromtheinterviewofaprofessionalathlete,LisaScheenaard,whohaswonthelastthreeeditionsinthewomen'scategory.Assheputit,“Forme,it’snotjusttowinthechampionbuttopushmyselfphysicallyandmentally.Itinspiresandchangesmeasaperson.Asacyclist,that’sthebiggestpart.”24．WhatmakestheChampionshipsochallenging?A．Thelength. B．Thewind.C．Theprocedure. D．Theequipment.25．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“l(fā)eveltheplayingfield”inparagraph4mean?A．Keeptheracefair. B．Gradetherace.C．Makethefieldflat. D．Holdthecompetition.26．Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A．Participantswithdeterminationaremorelikelytowin.B．Whoeverhasaninterestincyclingcantakepartinit.C．TheChampionshiphasbeenorganizedeveryotheryear.D．Allparticipantsarerequiredtostartinthesameplaceatthesametime.27．WhyaresomanyDutchenthusiasticabouttheChampionship?A．Tocompeteandwintheaward. B．Toseektheirfortune.C．Tochallengeandimprovethemselves. D．Tokeeptheirfigure.Passage2【2024屆東北三省四市教研聯(lián)合體高考模擬（二）】WhenfloodscompletelydestroyedBangkokmorethanadecadeago,Thailandscapearchitect,KotchakornVoraakhombecamedeterminedtohelphersinkinghometownfightthisdeadlyclimatethreat.“Thefloodschangedmylife,”saidVoraakhom,whostudiedatHarvardUniversity’sGraduateSchoolofDesign.“Itwastheturningpoint,whenIstartedusingthetoolsoflandscapearchitecturetocopewithclimatechange.”Voraakhom’sfantasticprojectsinBangkokincludeaparkthatcanholduptoonemilliongallonsofwater,Asia’slargestrooftopfarm,anelevatedwalkwayinstalledonabridgeandalush(草木繁茂的)canalparkinthecitycenter.OneofVoraakhom’smostinnovativedesignsisCentenaryParkinChulalongkornUniversity.Theparkstoreslargeamountsofrainwaterandpreventsthesurroundingstreetsfromflooding.Builtonanincline(斜坡),itdirectsrunoffwaterthroughinclinedgardensandartificialwetlands.Fromthere,waterflowsintoaretentionpond(澄清的)withacapacityofnearly480,000gallons.Beneaththesoilisanadditionalwatertankwhichcanholdnearly160,000gallons.Theentireparkcanstoreuptoonemilliongallonsofwater.VoraakhomalsocreatedAsia’slargestrooftopfarm,SiamGreenSky,transforming22,400squaremeters(241,000squarefeet)intoalushfield.Thefarm,whichrecyclesfoodwastefromrestaurantsinthebuildingbelowandusesitasplantfertilizer(肥料),alsoslowsdown,soaksupandstoreslargeamountsofrainwater.Itisthenusedtogrowvegetables,herbsandfruit,aswellasrice.Thearchitectsaidsheintegratesnatureandwaterintoherdesignstocreatelandscapesthathelpalleviatefloodingandaddgreenerytodenselypopulatedcities.ThecentralquestionsinkingcitieslikeBangkokneedtofocusonis:“howarewegoingtolivewiththewater,withoutfear?”saidVoraakhom.Thisideaof“l(fā)ivingwiththewater”liesattheheartofherdesignapproach.12．WhatdidKotchakornfocusontocopewithflooding?A．Greencoverage. B．Soilconservation.C．Architecturedesign. D．Alternativeresources.13．Whichisnotincludedinthearchitect’sprojects?A．CentenaryPark. B．SiamGreenSky.C．Anelevatedwalkway. D．ChulalongkornUniversity.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“alleviate”inparagraph5referto?A．Makeless