2021譯林版高中英語(yǔ)選擇性必修四Unit-3課文翻譯

UNIT3CareersandskillsAlloccupationsareequal,withnodifferenceinstatusorworth.Anyonethatisbeneficialtothepublicispraiseworthy.—HuangYanpei職業(yè)平等，無(wú)高貴，無(wú)貴賤。茍有益于人群。皆是無(wú)上上品?！S炎培Reading(p30-31)Worktolive,livetowork為了生活而工作,為了工作而生活I(lǐng)fyouwereaskedthequestion.“Doyouworktoliveorlivetowork?”,whatwouldyouranswerbe?Somemightsaythatweworkbecausewehaveto,notleastbecauseweneedthesalarythatenablesustobefinanciallyindependent.Itiscertainlytruethatmostofusdojointhelabourforceonceourstudiesarecompleted.Indeed,itcouldbearguedthatoureducationgearedtowardspreparingusforalifeofwork.However,earninglivingisbynomeanstheonlyreasonwhywework—thereareotherimportantreasonsthatmotivateustoentertheworldofwork.如果有人問(wèn)你“你是為了生活而工作還是為了工作而生活?”,你的答案會(huì)是什么?有人可能會(huì)說(shuō),我們工作是因?yàn)槲覀儽仨毠ぷ?尤其是因?yàn)槲覀冃枰剿畞?lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)狀立。的確,我們中的大多數(shù)人一定成學(xué)業(yè)就加入了勞動(dòng)大軍。事實(shí)上,可以說(shuō),我們的教育是為了讓我們?yōu)槁殬I(yè)生涯做好準(zhǔn)備。然而,謀生絕不是我們工作的唯一原因——還有其他重要的原因促使我們進(jìn)入工作的世界。Throughtheworkwedo.ourgoalscanbeattainedandourdreamsachieved.Allofushavehaddreamsofonekindoranotherandworkoftenenablesustopursuethosedreams,HenryDavidThoreausaid,“...ifoneadvancesconfidentlyinthedirectionofhisdreams,andendeavorstolivethelifewhichhehasimagined,hewillmeetwithasuccessunexpectedincommonhours.”YangLiwei,forexample,drivenbyhispassionforflying,becameapilotandthenChina’sfirstastronautinspace.Whereverourinterestsmaylieandwhateverourcareerchoicesmightbe,workallowsustheopportunitytobeengagedinsomethingwearefondof,andconsequently,itcangiveusagreatsenseofachievementandsatisfaction.通過(guò)我們所做的工作,我們的目標(biāo)可以達(dá)成,我們的夢(mèng)想可以實(shí)現(xiàn)。我們每個(gè)人都有這樣或那樣的夢(mèng)想,工作常常使我們能夠追求那些夢(mèng)想,亨利·戴維·梭羅曾說(shuō)過(guò):“······一個(gè)人若自信地朝他夢(mèng)想的方向行進(jìn),努力過(guò)他設(shè)想的那種生活,那么他就會(huì)在平常的時(shí)刻與成功不期而遇?！币詶罾麄槔?出于對(duì)飛行的熱愛(ài),他成了一名飛行員,然后成了中國(guó)第一位進(jìn)入太空的航天員。無(wú)論我們的興趣在哪里,無(wú)論我們的職業(yè)選擇是什么,工作讓我們有機(jī)會(huì)從事我們喜歡的事情,因此,它可以給我們一種巨大的成就感和滿足感。Workcanalsohelpdevelopourskills,thusprovidingroomforpersonalgrowth.Whenwework,wemustpractiseourskillsconstantlyandcontinuouslyuntilweexcelinwhatwedo.Ourrapidlychangingworkplacemakesitnecessaryforustokeepupanddevelopnewskills.Twentyyearsago,positionsinsocialtechnologiesorenergyefficiencydidnotevenexist,anditisdifficulttoanticipatethenewpositionswhichwillemergetwentyyearsfromnow,However,itiscertainthatnoonecanaffordtobesatisfiedwiththestatusquo.Inordertobetteradaptourselvestonewcircumstances,wemustbereadyandwillingtoacquirenewskills.Thiscanaddtooursenseofachievementandourknowledgethatwearedevelopingasindividualswhilewemovealongourchosencareerpath.工作也可以幫助我們發(fā)展技能,從而為個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)提供空間。當(dāng)我們工作時(shí),我們邊須不斷地練習(xí)我們的技能,直到我們?cè)谖覀兯龅氖虑橹谐鲱惏屋?。我們瞬息萬(wàn)變的工作環(huán)境使我們有必要跟上并發(fā)展新的技能。二十年前,社會(huì)技術(shù)或能源效率方面的職位甚至還不存在,而且也難以預(yù)料二十年后將會(huì)出現(xiàn)的新職位。然而,可以肯定的是,沒(méi)有人能夠滿足于現(xiàn)狀。為了更好地造應(yīng)新的環(huán)境,我們必須做好準(zhǔn)備并愿意獲得新的技能。這可以增加我們的成就感,并讓我們知道,在我們選擇的職業(yè)道路上,我們作為個(gè)人在發(fā)展。Notonlydoesworkbenefituspersonally,italsocontributestothehealthofsociety.Atthemostbasiclevel,differenttypesofjobsarelikegearsinamachine.Theyworktoensurethatthemachinewecall“society”functionsproperly.Inasuccessful,stableandproductivesociety,alljobsareequallyimportantandnooneissuperiortoanother,soweshouldnothaveprejudiceagainstanyofthem.Whetherwearescientists,lawyers,doctors,publicservants,consultants,clerks,receptionistsorbutchers,weallmakeourrespectivecontributions.Moreover,therearepeoplewhochoosetostepoutoftheircomfortzoneandcommitthemselvestoworkingforthebenefitofothers.Forexample,teachersinremoteruralareasaredevotedtochangingthelivesofthepeoplewithlessaccesstotheadvantagesenjoyedbymanyothers.Inthisway,weworktoadvanceourcommunitiesandbringsuccesstoournation.工作不僅使我們個(gè)人受益,而且有益于社會(huì)的健康。在最基本的層面上,不同類型的工作就像機(jī)器上的齒輪。它們的作用是確保我們稱之為“社會(huì)”的機(jī)器正常運(yùn)特。在一個(gè)成功、穩(wěn)定而有成效的社會(huì)里,所有的工作都同等重要,沒(méi)有哪一份工作優(yōu)于別的工作,因此我們對(duì)任何一份工作都不應(yīng)該抱有偏見(jiàn)。無(wú)論我們是科學(xué)家。律師、醫(yī)生、公務(wù)員、顧問(wèn)、職員、接待員還是居夫,我們都做出了各自的貢獻(xiàn)。此外,有些人選擇走出自己的舒適區(qū),致力于為他人的利益而工作。例如,偏遠(yuǎn)農(nóng)村地區(qū)的教師致力于改變?nèi)藗兊纳?因?yàn)樗麄兒苌倌芟硎艿狡渌S多人所享有的好處。通過(guò)這種方式,我們努力推進(jìn)我們的社區(qū),為我們的國(guó)家?guī)?lái)成功。Whereverlifetakesusandwhateverchoicesarelaidoutbeforeus,somethingworthrememberingisthatourwork,whendonewell,willnotonlyhelpusmakealivingbutalsohelpmakealifeforourselvesandforothers.Wecantakeprideintheknowledgethathardworkisessentialforourindividualwell-beingaswellasforthebenefitofoursocietyasawhole.無(wú)論生活把我們帶到哪里,無(wú)論擺在我們面前的選擇是什么,值得記住的是,當(dāng)我們的工作做得好時(shí),它不僅會(huì)幫助我們謀生,還會(huì)幫助自己和他人創(chuàng)造生活,我們可以自豪地認(rèn)識(shí)到,努力工作對(duì)我們個(gè)人的福社以及整個(gè)社會(huì)的利益都是必不可少的。Grammarandusage(p34)Asyoustarttomakeplansforwhatyouwanttodowithyourfuture,youmightaskaquestionwhetheryoushouldstartyourownbusiness.Youmayhaveabrilliantidea,butbeforeyoudecidetoputitintoaction,itiswisetoweighuptheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthisoption.當(dāng)你開(kāi)始為你未來(lái)想做什么做打算時(shí),你可能會(huì)問(wèn)一個(gè)問(wèn)題:是否應(yīng)該自己創(chuàng)業(yè)?也許你有一個(gè)很棒的想法,但在你決定付諸行動(dòng)之前,權(quán)衡一下這個(gè)選擇的利弊走明智之舉。Therearemanyadvantagesofrunningyourownbusiness.Itcanbeasourceofpersonalgrowth,sinceyouneedtolearnalotofskillsinordertobecomeasuccessfulbusinessowner,Forexample,youshouldlearntosharpenyourleadershipskillsandmotivateyouremployees,ortodevelopyourfinancialmanagementskillsandkeeptrackofallyourreceiptsandpayments.Anotheradvantageisthatyouwillbeabletobetterprovideforyourselfandyourfamily,oreventheeconomywillbenefitifyouachievecommercialsuccess.Itisnosurprisethatbeingone’sownbossisappealingtomanypeople.經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的企業(yè)有很多好處,它可以成為個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的源泉,因?yàn)槟阈枰獙W(xué)習(xí)很多技能才能成為一個(gè)成功的企業(yè)主。例如,你應(yīng)該學(xué)習(xí)提高你的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)能力和激勵(lì)你的員工,或者發(fā)展你的財(cái)務(wù)管理技能和跟蹤你所有的收支。另一個(gè)好處是,你將能夠更好地養(yǎng)活自己和家人,如果你取得商業(yè)上的或功,經(jīng)濟(jì)甚至也會(huì)受益。自己當(dāng)老板對(duì)很多人都有吸引力,這并不奇怪。However,therearedisadvantagestoo.Foronething,runningyourownbusinessmeansdealingwithdemandingworkschedules.Youmayhavetoworklonghours,orevenworkaroundtheclock.Foranother,beingabusinessownercomeswithgreatresponsibilities.Forinstance,youwillhavetoworkoutweekly,monthlyandyearlybudgets.andawrongdecisionmightcostthecompanyagreatdealandputotherpeople’sjobsontheline.Also,youwillneedtomakesureanyloansyouhavearerepaidontime.Therefore,whenitcomestostartingabusinessonyourown,thinktwicebeforeyouact!然而,也有不利方面。首先,經(jīng)營(yíng)自己的企業(yè)意味著要處理繁重的工作日程。你可能要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作,甚至夜以繼日地工作,另一方面,作為一個(gè)企業(yè)主你需要承擔(dān)很大的責(zé)任。例如,你將必須制訂每周、每月和每年的預(yù)算,一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的決定可能使公司蒙受巨大損失,而且可能讓他人工作不保。此外,你還需要確保所有的貸款都能按時(shí)償還。因此,說(shuō)到自己創(chuàng)業(yè),要三思而后行!Integratedskills(p37)Planningmycareerinfashiondesign規(guī)劃我的時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)職業(yè)生涯AttheschoolArtFestival.Iwasaskedtodesignthecostumesforthreeschoolplays,whichmanyofmyclassmatesandteachersthoughtwereniceandnovel.Everyonewasamazedtoseetheactorswearmycostumesonstage.ThisexperiencehasmademerealizethatIamreallygoodatdrawingandhavegreattalentforfashiondesign,andhasinspiredmetopursuefashiondesignasmycareer.Thatway,Icancombineworkwithmyinterestsandstrengths.在學(xué)校藝術(shù)節(jié)上,我被要求為三部學(xué)校戲劇設(shè)計(jì)服裝,我的很多同學(xué)和老師都認(rèn)為這些服裝非常新穎。看到演員們穿著我設(shè)計(jì)的服裝上臺(tái)表演,每個(gè)人都很驚訝。這段經(jīng)歷讓我意識(shí)到自己很擅長(zhǎng)繪畫,在時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)方面很有天賦,也激勵(lì)我去追求時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)作為我的職業(yè)。這樣,我就可以把工作與我的興趣和優(yōu)勢(shì)結(jié)合起來(lái)。Tofindouthowtogetintothefieldoffashiondesign,IdidsomeresearchaboutwhatkindofeducationandskillsImightneed.IfoundoutthatmanypremierfashiondesignersstudiedatartinstitutesinLondon,ParisorMilan.Ialsolookedupjobadsforthefashionindustrytoseewhatabilitiesorqualitiesdesignersshouldhave.Forexample,theymusthaveagoodsenseofcolourandproportion,befamiliarwithvariousfabricssuchascotton,woolandman-madefibres,beabletorecognizestylesandtrends,andbecreative.為了弄清楚如何進(jìn)入時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域,我做了一些關(guān)于我可能需要什么樣的教育和技能的研究。我發(fā)現(xiàn)很多頂級(jí)時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師都在倫敦、巴黎或米蘭的藝術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。我還查了時(shí)裝行業(yè)的招聘廣告,看看設(shè)計(jì)師應(yīng)該具備什么樣的能力或素質(zhì)。例如,他們必須對(duì)顏色和比例有很好的感覺(jué),熟悉棉、毛和人造纖維等各種面料,能夠識(shí)別款式和趨勢(shì),并具有創(chuàng)造力。Aftermuchthought,Idecidedtodeveloptheseskillsandgettherightqualificationsbystudyingartatuniversity.WhileIamthere,Iwouldliketoworkpart-timeforafashiondesigncompanyinordertolearnfromprofessionaldesigners—moreisbetterwhenitcomestoworkexperience.IamalsothinkingabouttryingmyhandatCAD,whichisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinthefashionindustry.Actually,IdonothavetowaituntilIgotouniversitytoswingintoactionastherewillbeaworkshopinmycitynextmonth,whichIamhopingtoattend.經(jīng)過(guò)深思熟慮,我決定通過(guò)在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù)來(lái)培養(yǎng)這些技能并獲得合適的資格。當(dāng)我上大學(xué)的時(shí)候,我想去一家時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)公司做兼職,以便向職業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)師學(xué)習(xí)——工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)越多越好。我也在考慮嘗試一下計(jì)算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計(jì),它在時(shí)裝界越來(lái)流行。事實(shí)上,我不必等到我上了大學(xué)才開(kāi)始行動(dòng),因?yàn)橄聜€(gè)月我所在的城市將有一個(gè)研討會(huì),我希望能參加。Aftergraduation,Iwillseekajobasafashiondesigner.Oneday.Ihopetostartmyownclothingcompany.Clotheswithdesignerlabelsinshopsaregenerallythoughttobetooexpensive.Iwanttodesignfashionableclothesthatordinarypeoplecanafford.Hopefully,allofmyplanningandpreparationwillleadtoagreatcareerinfashiondesign.畢業(yè)后,我要找一份時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)師的工作。有一天,我希望能創(chuàng)辦自己的服裝公司。人們普遍認(rèn)為商店里的名牌服裝太貴。我想設(shè)計(jì)出普通人能買得起的時(shí)尚服裝。希望我所有的計(jì)劃和準(zhǔn)備能讓我在時(shí)裝設(shè)計(jì)領(lǐng)域有一個(gè)偉大的職業(yè)生涯。Extendedreading(p39-40)Tipsforjobinterviews求職面試小貼士Goodmorning,everyone.TodayI’llbetalkingaboutwhattodoifyou’reaskedtogoforajobinterview.Theoddsarethatyou’veneverbeenacandidateforaparticularjobbefore,butmyadvicewillhelpyougaintheupperhandasyousetoffandstepintotheworldofemployment.大家早上好。今天我要講的是,如果你被要求去參加求職面試,應(yīng)該做些什么。很可能你以前從未成為某份特殊工作的候選人,但我的建議會(huì)幫助你在出發(fā)并路上就業(yè)之路時(shí)占得上風(fēng)。Beforewegoanyfurther,it’simportanttounderstandthepurposeofaninterview.Aninterviewisaconversationbetweenanemployerandapotentialemployee.whichallowstheinterviewertoassessthejobapplicanttoseeifheorsheissuitablefortheposition.Meanwhile,itprovidesanopportunityfortheapplicanttolearnmoreaboutthejobandthecompany,andtodiscoverwhetherthisjobisrightforhimorher.在我們進(jìn)一步討論之前,了解面試的目的很重要。面試是雇主和潛在雇員之間的對(duì)話,它使面試官可以評(píng)估求職者是否適合這個(gè)職位。同時(shí),它為求職者提供了一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)去更多地了解這份工作和這個(gè)公司,并發(fā)現(xiàn)這份工作是否適合他或她。Priortotheinterview,ensureyoumakegoodpreparations.Findoutaboutthecompanyandthepostyouareinterviewingforthroughthecompanyprofile.Thisinformationwillgiveyouagoodbasisforwhatcriteriaareusedforselectingcandidates.Listyourstrengthsandskillsetthatwillhelpthecompanyachieveitsgoals.It’sequallyimportanttoanalyseyourweaknessesandhaveaplaninmindtoshowhowyouintendtoovercomethem.在面試前,確保做好充分準(zhǔn)備。通過(guò)公司簡(jiǎn)介了解該公司和你要應(yīng)聘的職位。這些信息將會(huì)告訴你他們選擇候選人的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是什么。列出有助于公司實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)的優(yōu)勢(shì)和技能。同樣重要的是要分析你的弱點(diǎn),開(kāi)制訂計(jì)劃來(lái)表明你打算如何克服它們。Onceyou’vedoneyourhomeworkaboutthecompanyandtheposition,makealistofquestionsthatcouldbeaskedduringtheinterviewandthinkabouthowtobestanswerthem.Betteryet,dopracticeinterviewswithafriend.Youcanfilmtheinterviewstoreviewyourperformance.Payattentiontoyourvoiceandbodylanguage.Practicemakesperfect.Keepatituntilyoucanconciselyandconfidentlypresentyourbestself.針對(duì)公司和職位做足功課之后列出在面試中可能會(huì)被問(wèn)到的問(wèn)題,并想想如何給出最佳答案。最好和朋友一起練習(xí)面試。你可以把面試錄下來(lái)以回顧你的表現(xiàn),注意你的聲音和肢體語(yǔ)言。熟能生巧。堅(jiān)持下去,直到你能簡(jiǎn)明而自信地展示最好的自己。Preparetomakeagoodfirstimpression.Dressappropriatelyforyourinterviewandgentlemen,besuretohaveagoodshave.Getagoodnight’srestsothatyoufeelandlookrefreshed.Checktheaddressoftheinterview.decidewhatmodeoftransporttouseandallowextratimefortrafficdelays.Remember,beanearlybirdandarriveatleasthalfanhourbeforeyourconfirmedinterviewtime.準(zhǔn)備好留下良好的第一印象。面試時(shí)穿著得體,先生們,一定要好好刮胡子。好好休息一晚,這樣你就會(huì)感覺(jué)并且看起來(lái)精神煥發(fā)。核實(shí)面試地點(diǎn),決定使用哪種交通方式,并為交通延誤留出額外的時(shí)間。記住,要早起,至少在你確定的面試時(shí)間前半小時(shí)到達(dá)。Forthedurationoftheinterview,listencarefullytothequestions,andifyouneedclarification,itisnotrudetosayso.Whenanswering,trytofindtherightconversationalbalancebygivingalltheinformationaninterviewerneedstogetacompletepictureofyouwithouttalkingtoomuch.Justifyyourselfwithrelevantexamplesfromyourpersonalexperienceandbespecificaboutyourachievements.However,you’llalsoneedtopayattentiontotheinterviewer’sresponsestodeterminewhethertoprovidemoredetailsornot.在面試的過(guò)程中,仔細(xì)聽(tīng)問(wèn)題,如果你需要說(shuō)明,那么這樣說(shuō)并不粗魯。在回答的時(shí)候,通過(guò)提供面試官所需的所有信息來(lái)努力找到適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)話平衡,以便在不說(shuō)太多的情況下讓他們?nèi)媪私饽?。從自己的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷中找出相關(guān)事例來(lái)解釋,并且具體說(shuō)說(shuō)自己取得的成績(jī)。不過(guò),你也要注意面試官的回答,以確定是否提供更多的細(xì)節(jié)。Theinterviewercaninferalotfromyourbodylanguage.Positivebodylanguageconveystheimpressionthatyouareconfidentandrelaxed.Sostartwithafirmhandshakeandagenuinesmilewhengreetingtheinterviewer.Whilespeaking,makeconstanteyecontactbutdonotstarefixedlyattheinterviewer.Keepyour