Unit2 Sports and fitness Lesson 1 定語從課件高中英語北師大版（2019）必修第一冊

AttributiveClause定語從句ContentsADefinition

（定義）Relativepronoun（關(guān)系代詞）Adverbs（關(guān)系副詞）Mattersneedingattention（注意事項）Exercises（練習）演示文稿標題2Definition定義演示文稿標題3定語是用來修飾、限定、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語或從句稱為定語。a

beautiful

city形容詞hisbook物主代詞agirlinred介賓短語thereisnothingtodotodaytodo不定式women

teachers名詞Lily’scomputer名詞所有格演示文稿標題4定語從句：顧名思義，用來修飾名詞或代詞充當定語的句子，通常位于被修飾詞之后。Theboywhoistallismybrother.演示文稿標題5Relativepronoun關(guān)系代詞Step1:ObservingObservethefollowingsentencesandtrytofindwhattheyhaveincommon.1.Thisisthemuseumwhich/thatwasbuiltlastyear.2.Theboywho/thatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.3.Thegirlwho/whom/thatIjusttalkedwithismysister.4.Thebagwhosecolorisblueismine.5.TheboywhosehomeisinBeijingstudiesinmyclass.6.Aseverybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.7.Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.演示文稿標題7演示文稿標題8Step2:Conclusion:Formation:先行詞(n./pron.)+引導詞（關(guān)系代詞）+定語從句Usage：先行詞關(guān)系代詞在從句中作用人/物that作主語、賓語、表語物which作主語、賓語、表語、定語人who作主語、賓語人whom作賓語、表語人/物whose作定語(先行詞和從句的主語之間有所屬關(guān)系)句子/人/物as作主語、賓語、表語Step3:Classification(定語從句的分類)1.限制性定語從句：不用逗號與主句隔開；只可修飾先行詞，不可以修飾主句或主句的一部分（先行詞通常是名詞、代詞或詞組）；翻譯成“…..的”。TheareaalongtheYellowRiveristheplacewhichmustbeprotected.2.非限制性定語從句：和先行詞關(guān)系比較松散（是一種補充說明）；一般用逗號與主句隔開；不可用關(guān)系代詞that或關(guān)系副詞why來引導；關(guān)系代詞作賓語時不可省略；可以修飾整個主句或主句的一部分；翻譯為“…..的”。Hisdaughter,whoisinBoston,iscominghere.Peterdrovefast,whichwasdangerous.演示文稿標題9Moredetailsabout“as”:1.as

引導限制性定語從句時，主要謂語thesame…as,such…as,so…as結(jié)構(gòu)。as

在定語從句中可指人也可指物，在從句中常作主語、賓語、表語。

Wehavefoundsuchmaterialsasareusedintheirfactory.2.as引導非限制性定語從句時，其先行詞是整個主語時，常譯成“正如，正像”，此時從句的位置不限，可位于主句之前也可位于主句之后。Aseverybodyknows,Shakespeareisafamouswriter.She

is

very

patient,

as

is

shown

in

her

work.演示文稿標題10Step4:Exercises1.People_____takephysicalexerciselivelonger.2.Whenweweren’tplayingonthecourt_______wasnexttoourbuilding,wewerewatchingagameonTV.3.Bogueswasonly1.6metrestall,_____madehimtheshortestplayereverintheNBA.4.Hewasstillusuallyonthebench,beingjustareplacement,_____wasreallytoughonhim.5.Sheisverypatient,_____isshowninherwork.6.Heisnotthesameman_____hewas.演示文稿標題11whowhichwhichwhichasasAdverbs關(guān)系副詞演示文稿標題12Step1:ObservingObservethefollowingsentencesandtrytounderstandhowtouse“when,where,why”1.I’llcherishthemomentwhenImetLisa.先行詞是表示時間的名詞，關(guān)系副詞when在句子中做時間狀語2.Isthereashoparoundwherewecangetfruit?Youcouldgetintoasituationwhereyouhavetodecideimmediately.先行詞是表示地點的名詞或者抽象地點名稱，關(guān)系副詞where在句子中作地點狀語。Wedon’tknowthereasonwhytheydidn’tattendthemeeting.先行詞是表示原因的名詞reason，關(guān)系副詞why在句子中作原因狀語演示文稿標題13Step2ConclusionUsage：演示文稿標題14先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中的作用時間when作時間狀語地點/抽象地點名詞(case/situation/condition/stage/point/activity)where作地點狀語原因why作原因狀語Step3Exercises1.Thetime________IfirstmetMr.Whitewasaverydifferentperiodofmylife.2.Thehotel________hestayedwasveryclean.3.Thisisthehouse________Iwasborn.4.Thereason________IgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.演示文稿標題15whenwherewherewhyStep4Relativepron.&AdverbsTrytocomparethefollowingsentencesanddrawaconclusion1.Thereason___________hegaveussoundedreasonable.2.Idon’tknowthereason_______hequarreledwithyou.3.I’llneverforgettheday___________wespenttogether.4.I’llneverforgettheday_________Imetyou.5.Thisistheverycollege____________wevisitedlastyear.6.Thisisthecollege_________Istudiedthreeyearsago.演示文稿標題16thatwhythatwhenthatwhereConclusion:對于同一個先行詞，要確定是用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)鍵是要弄清楚關(guān)系詞在從句中擔任什么成分。如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語、賓語、表語等就用關(guān)系代詞；如果關(guān)系詞作狀語，則用關(guān)系副詞。演示文稿標題17Step5Adverbs=prep.+which先行詞關(guān)系副詞在從句中作用與“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的關(guān)系表示時間的名詞：time,year,day等when作時間狀語=at/in/on/duringwhich表示地點的名詞：park,place,job,situation等where作地點狀語=in/on/atwhich表示理由的名詞：reasonwhy作原因狀語=forwhich演示文稿標題18Examples:1.Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.=Thehotelatwhichwestayedwasveryclean.2.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenwefirstmet.=I’llneverforgetthedayduringwhichwefirstmet.3.ThereasonwhyIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.=ThereasonforwhichIgotajobwasthatIworkedhard.演示文稿標題19Exercises:1.Thereason________shewaslatewasthatshemissedherplane.2.Thisisthehouse_______Ilivedin.3.Thisisthehousein________Ilived.4.Igotastage________Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.5.Igotastage________Iwasn’tcopinganymore.6.Idon’twantajob________I’mchainedtoadeskallday.7.Wehavereachedthepoint___________achangeisneeded.演示文稿標題20whythatwhichthatwithwhichwherewhereMattersneedingattention注意事項

一.用that不用which的情況Which和that在定語從句中指代事物時，一般可互換使用，但在下列情況下通常用that而不用which:1.當先行詞是all,everything,anything,nothing,much,few,little,theone等不定代詞或者被不定代詞修飾時，常用that引導定語從句。Eg.Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.2.先行詞前有only，few，any，little，no，all，every，very等詞修飾時，常用that引導定語從句。Eg.ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.3.先行詞前面有序數(shù)詞(first，second等)或形容詞的最高形式對其修飾時，常用that引導定語從句。Eg.Thefirstthingthatweshoulddonowistofindalocalguide.4.在并列的先行詞中既有人又有物時，要用that引導定于從句。Eg.Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.演示文稿標題226.主句以Therebe…開頭，先行詞為物時常用that引導定語從句。Eg.Thereisaroominthebuildingthatisstillfree.7.主句是以who,which或what開頭的特殊疑問句時，用that引導定語從句。Eg.Whichisthebikethatyoulost?在以Therebe…開頭，先行詞為人的句子中，常用who引導定語從句。Eg.Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.演示文稿標題23二.用which不用that的情況1.在非限制性定語從句中：Theweatherturnedouttobeveryfine,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.2.在介詞后ThisisthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.3.當先行詞本身是that或是those且指物時。Eg.Paulhasfoundthatwhichhelostyesterday.演示文稿標題24三.只用who而不用that1.先行詞是one,ones,anyone等不定代詞時Eg.EveryoneknewPaulhadrealskill,andwassomeonewhoworkedreallyhard.2.當先行詞是人，后面有較長修飾語時Eg.Doyouknowtheteacherinbluewithabookinhishandwhoisstandingatthegate?3.先行詞為those或被those修飾時，常用who引導定語從句Eg.Thosewholikefootballcanenterforthegame.4.在以Therebe…開頭，先行詞為人的句子中，常用who引導定語從句。Eg.Thereisaprettygirlwhowantstoseeyou.演示文稿標題255.在非限制性定語從句中，先行詞指人時，常用who引導定語從句。Eg.Imetanoldfriendofmineinthestreet,whohadjustcomefromEngland.6.當先行詞是I,you,he,they等時(多用于諺語中)。Eg.HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.7.在介詞前置時只用whom。Eg.Inthedarkstreet,therewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.演示文稿標題26四.that代替關(guān)系副詞的情況如果先行詞是time,moment,place,reason,way,direction,distance等,關(guān)系副詞可用that代替，且that常省略:Eg.I’dliketoknowthereason(that/why/forwhich)youchangetheplan.演示文稿標題27Exercises練習高考鏈接1.(2024新課標全國1卷）Noeditorislikelytotolerateawriter______doesnottakethetroubletospellwordscorrectly.2.(2024新課標全國1卷）Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsago______hesufferedfromterriblebackpain.3.(2022全國甲）On

the

1,100-kilometerjourney,themanCaoShengkang,______losthiseyesightattheageofeightinacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountiesinthreeprovinces.4.(2022新高考1)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_____livewithintheGiantPandaRange.演示文稿標題29whowhenwhothat5.(2020新高考1）The80，000objectscollectedbySirHandsSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum______openedin1759.6.(2024全國甲）YellowstonewasthelargestUnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaska,_________becameanationalmonumentin1978,tookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.7.(2024全國甲)Theonlyopportunity_______shecouldseizetostudywaswhenherbrotherwashavingChineselessonswiththefamilytutor.8.(2024全國甲)Thisissomething______Iadmire—herabilitytoopenhereyesunderwater.演示文稿標題30wh