湖南省懷化市2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題

絕密★啟用前懷化市中小學(xué)課程改革教育質(zhì)量檢測(cè)試卷2024年上期期考試題高一英語(yǔ)1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)寫(xiě)在答題卡和該試題卷的封面上，并認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)和科目。2.考生作答時(shí)，選擇題和非選擇題均須做在答題卡上，在本試題卷上答題無(wú)效?？忌诖痤}卡上按答題卡中注意事項(xiàng)的要求答題。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試題卷和答題卡一并交回。4.本試題卷共8頁(yè)，如缺頁(yè)，考生須聲明，否則后果自負(fù)。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上、錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.￡19.5.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。1.Whendoesthetrainleave?A.At6:30B.At8:30.C.At10:302.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inasupermarket.B.Inabank.C.Inthestreet.3.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Holidayplans.B.MovingtoLondon.C.Theirfamilies.4.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?A.Scary.B.Disappointing.C.Amusing.5.Whatdoesthemanmeanintheend?A.Hedislikesrainyweather.B.ItseldomrainsinTexas.C.HeavyrainismoninTexas.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatdidtheboyusetoaskhismothertobuy?A.Amagazine.B.AfootballC.Anewspaper7.WhydoestheboywantthearticleaboutAI?A.Toprepareforaproject.B.TolookforadsaboutAI.C.Tolearnaboutfootball.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Brotherandsister.B.FatheranddaughterC.Employerandemployee.9.WhydoesAnnasoundsad?A.Shedoesn’tdowellinherstudy.B.Jackdidn’tbuyherabirthdaygift.C.Jackwillbeabsentforherbirthdayparty.10.WhereisJacknow?AInhisoffice.B.Inacafe.C.Athome.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Howmuchdoesacampercostaday?A.￡85.B.￡100C.￡115.12.Whatkindofcardoesthemanhire?A.Acamper.B.Asportscar.C.Aminicar.13.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo?A.GuidehimtotheLakeDistrict.B.Remendhimsomethingtosee.CTellhimaboutthetrafficconditions.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14.WhendidLilywinamusicpetition?A.Attheageof5.B.Attheageof9.C.Attheageof16.15.WhoencouragedLilytopracticeasmuchaspossible?A.HerfriendsB.Herteacher.C.Herparents.16.WhatisthemostimportantforLilytoimproveherplaying?A.Eatinghealthyfood.B.Takingalotofexercise.C.Avoidingstress17.WhatdoesLilysuggestteenagersdo?A.Playclassicalmusicasmuchaspossible.B.Changetheiropinionaboutclassicalmusic.C.Listentoclassicalmusicmoreoften.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18.Whatisthespeechmainlyabout?A.Secretsofplayingchess.B.Historyofthegameofchess.C.Differentplayingformsofchess.19.Wheredidthegameofchessefrom?A.Japan.B.India.C.China.20.Whatdoweknowabouttheworld’sfirstofficialwinnerSteinitz?A.HewasbeatenbyaGerman.B.HelostthetitleinAmerica.C.HewasborninLondon第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWecantallbeprofessionalfootballersbutonethingthatmakesfootballgreatisthateveryonecanplay.AprogramatFullhamFootballClubinLondonisworkingwithagroupofchildrenwhohaven’talwaysbeenabletobepartofateam.What’shappeningatFullham?Onceaweekforthelastthreeyears,trainersatFullhamhavebeenworkingwithagroupchildren.Eachweek,thechildrenmeetupforatrainingsessionwhichconcentratesonthebasicskillsoffootball—passing,control,teamwork.Occasionally,theyplaymatchesagainstotherteams.TherearetrainingsessionslikethisatPremierLeagueclubsbutwhatmakesthisFullhamteamspecialisthatthechildreninthisgroupallhaveDown’ssyndrome.TheFullhamBadgers,astheteamisknown,arethefirstDown’ssyndrometeaminthecountry.WhatisDown’ssyndrome?Down’ssyndromeaffectsaboutoneinathousandpeopleandcauseslearningdifficulties.PeoplewithDown’ssyndromeasosometimeshaveproblemstakingpartinphysicalactivities.Becauseofthis，andbecausetheylookdifferent,childrenwithDown’ssyndromehaven’talwayshadthechancetodowhatotherchildrendoandjoininwithteamsports.Makingopportunities.TheFullhamprojectletstheyoungpeopletrainregularlyandgetthechancetoimprovetheirselfconfidenceaspartoftheteam.It’simportanttoshowthatfootballisnotonlyaboutwinningcupsandscoringgoals.Itcanalsohelpbreakdownthebarriersthattheseyoungstersexperienceineverydaylife.Supportfromtheplayers.TopFullhamplayershavealsobeentrainingwiththechildren.FootballerssuchastheNorwegianinternationalErikNevlandhavelentsupporttotheteam.Afterworkingwiththeyoungstersinapenaltyshootout,ErikNevlandsaid,“Ilovedoingthis.It’sgoodtoeoutinthemunityandletpeopleseewhoyoureallyare.”1.WhatdoweknowaboutthechildrenatFullham?A.Theymeetupforatrainingsessiononceaweek. B.Theyfocusonpracticingadvancedfootballskills.C.Theyoftenplaymatcheswithtopfootballers. D.Theydon’thavechancestoplayfootballatall.2.WhyistheFullhamteamunique?A.Ithasbeenbuiltformorethanthreeyears.B.Itaimstotrainchildrentobeprofessionals.C.ItisspeciallyforchildrenwithDown’ssyndrome.D.Itmakesnodifferencetochildren’smentalhealth.3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeofwritingthistext?A.Togivechildrenadviceonplayingfootball.B.Tocallonchildrentodomoresports.C.Toshowpeople’sopinionaboutFullham.D.TointroduceaprogramatFullhamFootballClub.【答案】1.A2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了Fullham足球俱樂(lè)部項(xiàng)目。【1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Eachweek,thechildrenmeetupforatrainingsessionwhichconcentratesonthebasicskillsoffootball—passing,control,teamwork.(每個(gè)星期，孩子們聚在一起進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練，重點(diǎn)是足球的基本技巧——傳球、控制、團(tuán)隊(duì)合作)”可知，在Fullham的孩子每周開(kāi)一次訓(xùn)練課。故選A。【2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“TherearetrainingsessionslikethisatPremierLeagueclubsbutwhatmakesthisFullhamteamspecialisthatthechildreninthisgroupallhaveDown’ssyndrome.(英超俱樂(lè)部也有這樣的訓(xùn)練課程，但Fullham的特別之處在于，這組孩子都患有唐氏綜合癥)”可知，F(xiàn)ullham團(tuán)隊(duì)是獨(dú)一無(wú)二的因?yàn)檫@是專(zhuān)門(mén)為患有唐氏綜合癥的兒童準(zhǔn)備的。故選C。【3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Wecantallbeprofessionalfootballersbutonethingthatmakesfootballgreatisthateveryonecanplay.AprogramatFullhamFootballClubinLondonisworkingwithagroupofchildrenwhohaven’talwaysbeenabletobepartofateam.(我們可以成為職業(yè)足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員，但足球之所以偉大，是因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人都能踢。倫敦Fullham足球俱樂(lè)部的一個(gè)項(xiàng)目正在與一群一直無(wú)法成為團(tuán)隊(duì)一員的孩子們合作)”可知，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是介紹Fullham足球俱樂(lè)部項(xiàng)目。故選D。BWhenStanfordUniversitystudentEllenXu,now18,wasafiveyearoldinSanDiego,California,shevividlyrecallsherparentsrushingherlittlesistertothehospital.ThreeyearoldKatehadfallenseriouslyill;shehadafever,reddenedeyes,arash(皮疹)andsomeswellinginherhandsandtongue.Atfirstthepuzzleddoctorsthoughtshehadtheflu,butwhenherconditiondidn’timprove,theXusreturnedtotheemergencyroom,whereadoctorbychancehadsimilarexperiencewithaseriousinflammatory(炎癥)reactioninthebloodvesselsknownasKawasakidisease.Thoughrare,it’stheleadingcauseofacquiredheartdiseaseinbabiesandyoungchildren,anditscauseremainssomewhatmysterious.ThedoctorknewhowtotreatitandeventuallyKateshookofftheillnesswithoutsufferingdamagetoherheart.Xuremembersbeingcuriousabouthersister’sdramaticconditionandwasamazedthatthegrownupscouldn’tanswerherquestionsaboutwhyitwassohardtodetect.“Inmymind,itwasthismystery,”shesays.“ItwasapuzzleIwantedtosolve.Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.Thetechnologyworksthesamewayasappsthatcanidentifybirdsandplantswithphotosyou’vetakenonyourcellphone.Worriedparentscanuploadaphotothattheyhavetakenoftheirchild,andthetechnologywillscantheimageforsymptomsofKawasakidisease,whichoftenhaveastrongvisualelement,suchasarashoraswollentongue.Xu’sinventionhasbeenusedasawebappontheKawasakiDiseaseFoundation’swebsite.“Thetechnologycouldalsobedevelopedforrecognizingautoimmuneandrheumatologicaldiseases,”shesays.“Itmeansalottome.IwanttouseAItohelppeoplelivehappierandhealthierlives.”Xusays.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.ThedoctorshadnodifficultyrecognizingKate’sillness.B.Katesufferedfromamondiseaseamongchildren.CKawasakidiseaseistheonlycauseofacquiredheartdisease.D.ThecauseofKawasakidiseaseisnotquiteknownyet.5.WhatkindofpersonisEllenXu?A.Curiousandcreative. B.Caringandcheerful.C.Ambitiousandoutgoing D.Humorousand1ggenerous.6.WhatisParagraph4mainlytalkingabout?A.ThebenefitsofXu’salgorithm B.ThesymptomsofKawasakidisease.C.Theworriesthatmostparentshave. D.ThewayXu’sinventionworks.7.WhatmessagedoesEllenXu’sstoryconvey?A.Opportunityknocksbutonce. B.Curiositycanmakeadifference.C.Failureisthemotherofsuccess. D.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.【答案】4.D5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了女孩Ellen小時(shí)候見(jiàn)到醫(yī)生們一開(kāi)始沒(méi)有正確診斷出妹妹Kate生的病，后來(lái)Kate遇到一名碰巧有過(guò)相似經(jīng)歷的醫(yī)生，才得到有效的治療，因?qū)γ妹貌∏榈暮闷?，以及醫(yī)生無(wú)法檢查出這種罕見(jiàn)病的驚訝，Ellen在十年后利用人工智能技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)程序，可以根據(jù)癥狀檢測(cè)疾病，幫助人們快速獲得診斷，改善健康狀況，她的發(fā)明已被應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)頁(yè)應(yīng)用程序中，她希望通過(guò)人工智能幫助更多人過(guò)上更快樂(lè)、更健康的生活?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Thoughrare,it’stheleadingcauseofacquiredheartdiseaseinbabiesandyoungchildren,anditscauseremainssomewhatmysterious.(雖然罕見(jiàn)，但它是嬰兒和幼兒獲得性心臟病的主要原因，其原因仍然有些神秘)”可知，川崎病的病因尚不清楚。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Xuremembersbeingcuriousabouthersister’sdramaticconditionandwasamazedthatthegrownupscouldn’tanswerherquestionsaboutwhyitwassohardtodetect.(Xu記得當(dāng)時(shí)她對(duì)妹妹的病情很好奇，并驚訝于大人們無(wú)法回答她為什么很難發(fā)現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題)”以及“Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.(十年后，她想?yún)⒓右粋€(gè)高中科學(xué)博覽會(huì)，她有了一個(gè)想法：“如果我們口袋里有一個(gè)醫(yī)生會(huì)怎么樣？”因此，她創(chuàng)造了這樣的東西：利用人工智能，Xu設(shè)計(jì)了一種算法，利用視覺(jué)數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)五種身體癥狀診斷川崎病)”可知，EllenXu好奇心強(qiáng)，有創(chuàng)造力。故選A。【6題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thetechnologyworksthesamewayasappsthatcanidentifybirdsandplantswithphotosyou’vetakenonyourcellphone.Worriedparentscanuploadaphotothattheyhavetakenoftheirchild,andthetechnologywillscantheimageforsymptomsofKawasakidisease,whichoftenhaveastrongvisualelement,suchasarashoraswollentongue.(這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的工作原理與通過(guò)拍攝的照片識(shí)別鳥(niǎo)類(lèi)和植物的應(yīng)用程序相同。擔(dān)心的父母可以上傳他們?yōu)楹⒆优臄z的照片，該技術(shù)將掃描圖像，尋找川崎病的癥狀，這些癥狀通常具有強(qiáng)烈的視覺(jué)元素，如皮疹或舌頭腫脹)”可知，第四段主要介紹Xu的發(fā)明的工作方式。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Adecadelater,wantingtoenterahighschoolsciencefair,shehadanidea:“Whatifwehadadoctorinourpocket?”Soshecreatedjustthat:UsingAI,Xudesignedanalgorithm(算法)thatusesvisualdatatodiagnoseKawasakidiseasebasedonfivephysicalsymptoms.(十年后，她想?yún)⒓右粋€(gè)高中科學(xué)博覽會(huì)，她有了一個(gè)想法：“如果我們口袋里有一個(gè)醫(yī)生會(huì)怎么樣？”因此，她創(chuàng)造了這樣的東西：利用人工智能，徐設(shè)計(jì)了一種算法，利用視覺(jué)數(shù)據(jù)根據(jù)五種身體癥狀診斷川崎病)”結(jié)合文章講述了女孩Ellen小時(shí)候見(jiàn)到醫(yī)生們一開(kāi)始沒(méi)有正確診斷出妹妹Kate生的病，后來(lái)Kate遇到一名碰巧有過(guò)相似經(jīng)歷的醫(yī)生，才得到有效的治療，因?qū)γ妹貌∏榈暮闷妫约搬t(yī)生無(wú)法檢查出這種罕見(jiàn)病的驚訝，Ellen在十年后利用人工智能技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)程序，可以根據(jù)癥狀檢測(cè)疾病，幫助人們快速獲得診斷，改善健康狀況，她的發(fā)明已被應(yīng)用于網(wǎng)頁(yè)應(yīng)用程序中，她希望通過(guò)人工智能幫助更多人過(guò)上更快樂(lè)、更健康的生活?？芍珽llenXu的故事說(shuō)明了好奇心可以帶來(lái)不同。故選B。CMountaineeringhasalwaysbeenfavoredbyadventureseekers,whichalsobringsaboutpeople’sconcernaboutenvironmentalproblemsandsafety.Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.AccordingtotheNepaliarmy,theMountainCleanupCampaigncollected110tonsofwastebetween2019,whentheprogramstarted,and2023.Thearmy,whichconductsthecleanupinitiativepartnershipwiththemultinationalbrandUnilever,willheadupthecampaignagainthisyear.Twelvemembersofthemilitary,supportedbyeighteenSherpas,willarriveatEverestBaseCamponApril14tobeginthework.Inadditiontoremovinganestimated10tonsofgarbage,thearmysaidinastatemethattheyplantobringfivedeadbodiesoffofthemountain.Thesebodiesareofclimberswhodiedwhileattemptingtosummittheworld’shighestpeak.In2023,12climberswereconfirmedtohavediedonEverest,additionalfivestillofficiallyunaccountedfor.Currently,themajorityofthosewhotrytoclimbthe8,849meter(29,032foot)HimalayanpeakdosoviaNepal.Lastyear,theNepaligovernmentgaveoutarecordhigh478Everesthikingpermits.However,thatisnotthetotalnumberofpeoplewhowillbeonthemountain,asSherpaguides,supportstaffersandothersarepresentwithclimbinggroups.AsaresultovercrowdingandtrashhavebeentwoofthebiggestproblemsplaguingEverestinrecentyears.Oneofthebiggestenvironmentalissueshasbeenhumanwaste.The2024climbingseasonwillbethefirsttorequireallclimberstousegovernmentdistributedpoophagsandbringtheirwastebackdownwiththemfromthehighermountaincamps.“Eachpersonproduces250gramsofwasteadayandtheywillspendtwoweeksonthehighercampsforthesummitpush,”DiwasPokhrel,firstvicepresidentofEverestSummiteersAssociation,toldCNNlastmonth.Inaddition,2024willbethefirsttimethatallEverestclimbersareissuedtrackingchips,whichcanaidinsearchandrescuemissions.8.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutMountainCleanupCampaign?A.Itwassetupatleast10yearsagobySherpas.B.ItsmainaimistoclearrubbishonEverestC.TheNepaliarmywillleaditforthefirsttime.D.Altogether30peoplewillconductthecleanup.9.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordplaguinginPara.3mean?A.Bothering B.Delighting. C.Amazing. D.Destroying.10.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.GovernmentattacheslittleimportancetoenvironmentalprotectionB.MountaineeringatEverestwillbemoreenvironmentallyfriendly.C.MorehumanwastewillbeleftonEverestbyrescuemembers.D.MorepeoplewillshowinterestindoingmountaineeringatEverest.11.Whereisthepassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Anacademicarticle. B.Atouristguideline.C.Asurveyreport. D.Anenvironmentalarticle.【答案】8.B9.A10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了近年來(lái)清除珠穆朗瑪峰垃圾所采取的措施?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.(幸運(yùn)的是，隨著2024年喜馬拉雅登山季節(jié)的到來(lái)，另一個(gè)高海拔項(xiàng)目正在進(jìn)行中：從珠穆朗瑪峰上清除成噸的垃圾。)”和第二段中“AccordingtotheNepaliarmy,theMountainCleanupCampaigncollected110tonsofwastebetween2019,whentheprogramstarted,and2023.(據(jù)尼泊爾軍方稱(chēng)，從2019年該計(jì)劃開(kāi)始到2023年，山區(qū)清理運(yùn)動(dòng)收集了110噸廢物。)”可知，山區(qū)清理運(yùn)動(dòng)的主要目的是清理珠峰上的垃圾。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。第三段中劃線詞前文“Asaresultovercrowdingandtrashhavebeentwoofthebiggestproblems(因此，過(guò)度擁擠和垃圾一直是最大的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題)”說(shuō)明珠峰存在著兩大問(wèn)題有待解決，從而推知“plaguingEverestinrecentyears(近年來(lái)plaguing珠穆朗瑪峰)”其中劃線部分意思是“給（珠峰）造成麻煩，困擾著（珠峰）”。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Luckily,asthe2024Himalayanmountaineeringseasongetsunderway,anotherhighaltitudeprojectisintheworks:removingtonsoftrashfromMountEverest.(幸運(yùn)的是，隨著2024年喜馬拉雅登山季節(jié)的到來(lái)，另一個(gè)高海拔項(xiàng)目正在進(jìn)行中：從珠穆朗瑪峰上清除成噸的垃圾。)”可以推知，在珠穆朗瑪峰登山將會(huì)更加環(huán)保。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第一段中“Mountaineeringhasalwaysbeenfavoredbyadventureseekers,whichalsobringsaboutpeople’sconcernaboutenvironmentalproblemsandsafety.(登山運(yùn)動(dòng)一直受到探險(xiǎn)愛(ài)好者的青睞，同時(shí)也帶來(lái)了人們對(duì)環(huán)境問(wèn)題和安全問(wèn)題的關(guān)注。)”可知，本文主要和登山運(yùn)動(dòng)帶來(lái)的環(huán)境安全問(wèn)題有關(guān)，應(yīng)該取自一篇環(huán)境文章。故選D項(xiàng)。DDoctorshavetransplantedapigkidney(腎)intoa62yearoldmanlivingwithendstagekidneydisease.ThepatientRichardSlayman,wasrecoveringwellandwasexpectedtobedischargedfromthehospitalwithindays.Strictlyspeaking,thisisn’tthefirsteverpigtohumankidneytransplant.Theprocedurehasbeenperformedfivetimesinthepast,allinpeoplewhoweredeclaredbraindeadandkeptonlifesupport.ThemostrecentofthosetookplaceinJuly2023byRobertMontgomeryatNYULangoneHealthandhisworkmates.However,Slayman’soperationisthefirsttimethatapigkidneyhasbeentransplantedintoalivinghuman.Thankstotheeffortsbythousandsofscientistsandphysiciansoverseveraldecadestheoperationisagreatsuccess,whichmakesitasignificantmilestoneinthefieldofthetransferofanimalorganstohumans.Slaymanhastype2diabetes,highbloodpressureandkidneydisease.HehadpreviouslyreceivedahumankidneyfromadonorinDecember2018.However,theorgansshowedsignsoffailureaboutfiveyearslater.Hestarteddialysis(透析)inMaylastyear,butexperiencedplications,requiringvisitstothehospitaleverytwoweeks.TheorganwasprovidedbyapanycalledeGenesis,whichraisespigsgeneticallyengineeredtocarrycertainhumangenesandtolackaparticularsetofpiggenesthatareharmfultohumans.Thesegeneticchangesreducethepossibilityoftransplantrejection,whentheimmunesystemattackstheorganandcausesittofail.Slaymanisalsoreceivingacocktailofimmunesuppressingdrugstofurtherlowertherisk.Sofar,thereisnosignofrejectionandSlaymanisabletowalkonhisown.Morethan100,000peopleintheUSarewaitingforanorgantransplant,17ofwhomdieeachday.TheUSFoodandDrugAdministrationauthorizedtheexperimentaltransplantforSlaymanduetoalackofothertreatmentchoices.“Ourhopeisthatthistransplantapproachwillofferalifelinetomillionsofpatientsworldwidewhoaresufferingfromkidneyfailure.”saidTatsuoKawaiatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalinastatement.12.Whyisthepigkidneytransplantconsideredamilestone?A.Noanimaltohumanorgantransplanthasbeendonebefore.B.Itistheresultofmanyscientistsandphysicians’jointefforts.C.Itisthefirstsuccessfulpigkidneytransplantintoahuman.D.Ithasbeenperformedinpeoplewhoaredeclaredbraindead.13.Whatcanweknowfromthepassage?A.Slaymanhasreceivedkidneytransplantonlyonce. B.Pigsusedfortransplantcarrynohumangenes.C.Manypeopleinneedoforgantransplant. D.Slaymanneedn’ttakeanydrugsafterthetransplant.14.WhatisTatsuoKawai’sattitudetowardspigkidneytransplant?A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Critical D.Uninterested15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhyisKidneyTransplantImportant B.HumanReceivesPigKidneyC.TheFutureofKidneyTransplant D.AMilestoneinHumanHistory【答案】12.C13.C14.A15.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了美國(guó)第一例豬腎移植取得成功，被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)里程碑。文章介紹此次移植的一些背景知識(shí)?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Strictlyspeaking,thisisn’tthefirsteverpigtohumankidneytransplant.Theprocedurehasbeenperformedfivetimesinthepast,allinpeoplewhoweredeclaredbraindeadandkeptonlifesupport.(嚴(yán)格來(lái)說(shuō)，這并不是首例豬到人的腎臟移植手術(shù)。這種手術(shù)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了五次，所有的病人都被宣布腦死亡，并繼續(xù)維持生命)”以及“Thankstotheeffortsbythousandsofscientistsandphysiciansoverseveraldecadestheoperationisagreatsuccess,whichmakesitasignificantmilestoneinthefieldofthetransferofanimalorganstohumans.(經(jīng)過(guò)數(shù)千名科學(xué)家和醫(yī)生幾十年的努力，這次手術(shù)取得了巨大成功，成為動(dòng)物器官移植領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)重要里程碑)”可知，豬腎移植被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)里程碑因?yàn)檫@是第一次成功的豬腎移植到人身上。故選C?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Morethan100,000peopleintheUSarewaitingforanorgantransplant,17ofwhomdieeachday.(美國(guó)有超過(guò)10萬(wàn)人在等待器官移植，其中每天有17人死亡)”可知，許多人需要器官移植。故選C?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Ourhopeisthatthistransplantapproachwillofferalifelinetomillionsofpatientsworldwidewhoaresufferingfromkidneyfailure.”saidTatsuoKawaiatMassachusettsGeneralHospitalinastatement.(“我們希望這種移植方法將為全世界數(shù)百萬(wàn)患有腎衰竭的患者提供一條生命線。”馬薩諸塞州總醫(yī)院的TatsuoKawai在一份聲明中說(shuō))”可知，TatsuoKawai對(duì)豬腎移植的態(tài)度是樂(lè)觀。故選A?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Doctorshavetransplantedapigkidney(腎)intoa62yearoldmanlivingwithendstagekidneydisease.ThepatientRichardSlayman,wasrecoveringwellandwasexpectedtobedischargedfromthehospitalwithindays.(醫(yī)生將豬腎臟移植到一名62歲的終末期腎病患者體內(nèi)。病人理查德·斯雷曼恢復(fù)良好，預(yù)計(jì)幾天內(nèi)就能出院)”結(jié)合文章主要說(shuō)明了美國(guó)第一例豬腎移植取得成功，被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)里程碑。文章介紹此次移植的一些背景知識(shí)?？芍?，B選項(xiàng)“人接受豬腎”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分1.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多選項(xiàng)。Readingisapracticethathasbeenencouragedeversincewewerekids.Peoplegenerallybelieveitimprovesourvocabulary,grammarandgeneralgrasponlanguage.____16____Readinghelpsusstayfocused.Readingabookneedsustopayatentontoeverydetailandmovementinthestoryline.Whateverwerereading,wearefollowingthestreamofthoughtofsomeoneelse,thewriter.____17____Andreadingteachesusthismuchneededabilitytopayattentiontodetail.____18____Whenreadingabook,wegoonajourneywiththecharacters.Weremembereveryplaceourfavoritecharacterhasbeen,peoplethey’vemetandalltheeventsthathavetakenplaceintheirlives.Beingtrulyinvestedinthejourneyleadsthemindtograspquickerandholdonforlonger,leadingtoasharperbrain.Readingbuildsempathyandculturalunderstanding.Peoplefromallovertheworldetogethertocontributetoliteraturewiththeirownstyle,viewsandopinions.Whenwereadabookfromanauthorfromtheothereroftheworld,we’renotjustreadingastory.____19____There’ssomethingtolearninalmosteverybookyou’lleverpickup.Readinginspirescreativity.____20____It’sourcreativitythathelpsusimagineeverydetail.Everythingwereadgivesusadifferentperspective.Readngtakesusplaceswe’veneverseen.Andtheimaginarythinkingabilitycanhelpusevenprofessionalinwayswenightneverseen.Andtheimaginarythinkingabilitycanhelpusevenprofessionallyinwayswemightneverthoughtof.Tokeepreadingistokeepgrowing.Sohowaboutwepickanotherone!A.Readingsharpensthemind.B.Readingenablesustostayingoodmood.C.Andthatrequiresustostayfocusedthroughitall.D.Thefollowingaresomewaysthathelpsusreadbetter.E.However,itsouteandthechangeitbringsisfardeeper.F.Whenreadingabook,weimagineeveryscenedescribedinthebook.G.Wearesteppingintoaworldofdifferentcultures,traditionsandvalues.【答案】16.E17.C18.A19.G20.F【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了閱讀帶來(lái)的一些深刻影響。【16題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Readingisapracticethathasbeenencouragedeversincewewerekids.Peoplegenerallybelieveitimprovesourvocabulary,grammarandgeneralgrasponlanguage.(閱讀是我們從小就被鼓勵(lì)的一種習(xí)慣。人們普遍認(rèn)為它能提高我們的詞匯量、語(yǔ)法和對(duì)語(yǔ)言的總體把握)”可知，上文提到了對(duì)于閱讀的普遍看法，后文主要列舉了更深層次的影響，推測(cè)本句與上文構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折，故E選項(xiàng)“然而，它的結(jié)果和它帶來(lái)的變化要深刻得多”符合語(yǔ)境，引起下文，故選E。17題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Readinghelpsusstayfocused.Readingabookneedsustopayatentontoeverydetailandmovementinthestoryline.Whateverwerereading,wearefollowingthestreamofthoughtofsomeoneelse,thewriter.(閱讀幫助我們保持專(zhuān)注。閱讀一本書(shū)需要我們關(guān)注故事情節(jié)中的每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)和動(dòng)作。無(wú)論我們讀的是什么，我們都是在追隨另一個(gè)人——作家的思想之流)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明追隨作家思想的要求。故C選項(xiàng)“這就要求我們始終保持專(zhuān)注”符合語(yǔ)境，與本文主題句一致，故選C?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)后文“Whenreadingabook,wegoonajourneywiththecharacters.Weremembereveryplaceourfavoritecharacterhasbeen,peoplethey’vemetandalltheeventsthathavetakenplaceintheirlives.Beingtrulyinvestedinthejourneyleadsthemindtograspquickerandholdonforlonger,leadingtoasharperbrain.(讀書(shū)時(shí)，我們和書(shū)中的人物一起踏上了一段旅程。我們記得我們最喜歡的角色去過(guò)的每一個(gè)地方，他們遇到的人，以及他們生活中發(fā)生的所有事件。真正投入到這段旅程中，會(huì)讓大腦掌握得更快，堅(jiān)持得更久，讓大腦更敏銳)”可知，本段主要說(shuō)明了閱讀讓頭腦變得敏銳，A選項(xiàng)sharpens對(duì)應(yīng)后文asharperbrain。故A選項(xiàng)“讀書(shū)使頭腦敏銳”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Readingbuildsempathyandculturalunderstanding.Peoplefromallovertheworldetogethertocontributetoliteraturewiththeirownstyle,viewsandopinions.Whenwereadabookfromanauthorfromtheothereroftheworld,we’renotjustreadingastory.(閱讀可以培養(yǎng)同理心和文化理解。來(lái)自世界各地的人們聚集在一起，以自己的風(fēng)格、觀點(diǎn)和觀點(diǎn)為文學(xué)做出貢獻(xiàn)。當(dāng)我們讀一本來(lái)自世界另一端作者的書(shū)時(shí)，我們不僅僅是在讀一個(gè)故事)”可知，本句承接上文，說(shuō)明閱讀更深層次的文化理解，故G選項(xiàng)“我們正步入一個(gè)有著不同文化、傳統(tǒng)和價(jià)值觀的世界”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G。【20題詳解】根據(jù)后文“It’sourcreativitythathelpsusimagineeverydetail.(正是我們的創(chuàng)造力幫助我們想象每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié))”可知，閱讀會(huì)讓我們開(kāi)始想象，這是由于創(chuàng)造力，故F選項(xiàng)“閱讀一本書(shū)時(shí)，我們想象書(shū)中描述的每一個(gè)場(chǎng)景”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)滿(mǎn)分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）MichaelEvanswasstandinginlineatlineattheWayneCountyTreasurer’sOfficeinDetroitlastAugust,waitingtopayhistaxes.Suddenlyhehearda____21____soundaheadofhim.Anelderlywomanatthewindowwascrying—andsowasthecashierhelpingher.ThenEvanslearnedwhy:Heheardthecashier____22____thewomanthatherhousehadtobesoldifshefailedtopaythetaxes.Healsoheardthewomantellthecashierthather____23____hadrecentlydied.Evanscouldn’tstandthe____24____ofthiswomanlosingherhomerightafterlosingherchild.He____25____thewindow.Idon’tmeantointerrupt,”hesaidtothecashier,‘‘butifyoucangetherhouseback,I’llpayforher____26____.”Thetwowomenwere____27____.Theirdespairturnedtodisbelief.Thecashierleftforamomentto____28____theamountandthatitwasallrightforEvanstopayit.Evans____29____togostraighttothebankanderightbackwiththemoney.Andhedid.Butwhenhereturnedtothetreasurer’soffice,heaskedsomeoneelsewaitinginlineto____30____the$5,000checktothecashier.Evanswastryingto____31____quietly.“Ididn’twantthisattention,heexplains.Evansoftenfindshimselfonthegivingendof____32____situations,thoughforyearshewentunrecognizedforit.“Wehelppeople,”Evanssays.“Wesendacheacheck;wewalkintofuneral(葬禮)homesandjustpayforthewholefuneral.Wetrytohelpourmunity.WhydodoesEvansgivesomuchto____33____?It’saquestionhenever____34____answers.“Tobehonest,Idon’tlikeputtingmoneyinthe____35____,”hesays.“Doingthingswithyourmoneyisbetter.21.A.disturbing B.delighted C.sweet D.horrible22.A.warn B.inform C.teach D.cheat23.A.husband B.mother C.neighbor D.daughter24.A.lie B.joke C.idea D.humor25.A.opened B.approached C.closed D.beat26.A.snacks B.clothes C.food D.taxes27.A.disappointed B.scared C.shocked D.anxious28.A.collect B.confirm C.throw D.buy29.A.hesitated B.advised C.promised D.refused30.A.return B.lend C.sell D.hand31.A.slipaway B.giveup C.eback D.getup32.A.dangerous B.charitable C.tricky D.impossible33.A.relatives B.friends C.strangers D.families34.A.proudly B.cautiously C.confidently D.fully35.A.banks B.offices C.cars D.houses【答案】21.A22.B23.D24.C25.B26.D27.C28.B29.C30.D31.A32.B33.C34.D35.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了邁克爾·埃文斯在交稅的時(shí)候了解到一位老婦人在失去了孩子之后，馬上又要因?yàn)闆](méi)交稅而失去自己的房子，于是埃文斯為老婦人繳納了稅款?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，他聽(tīng)到前面有一種令人不安的聲音。A.disturbing令人不安的；B.delighted高興的；C.sweet甜蜜的；D.horrible可怕的。根據(jù)后文“Anelderlywomanatthewindowwascrying(窗口的一位老婦人在哭泣)”指聽(tīng)到令人不安的聲音。故選A。【22題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后埃文斯知道了原因：他聽(tīng)到出納員告訴那位婦女，如果她不繳納稅款，她的房子就會(huì)被賣(mài)掉。A.warn警告；B.inform通知；C.teach教學(xué)；D.cheat欺騙。根據(jù)后文“thewomanthatherhousehadtobesoldifshefailedtopaythetaxes”指出納員告知婦人，如果她不繳納稅款，她的房子就會(huì)被賣(mài)掉。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他還聽(tīng)到那位婦女告訴出納員她的女兒最近去世了。A.husband丈夫；B.mother母親；C.neighbor鄰居；D.daughter