高三英語語法填空考點(diǎn)分析與真題演練

語法考點(diǎn)分析與真題演練一、冠詞：一、考點(diǎn)分析冠詞在廣東四年新高考中考了三年，可見冠詞是一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)。主要考點(diǎn)有：定冠詞the表示特指。（2010年廣東卷）Ayoungman,whiletravellingthroughadesert,cameacrossaspringofclearwater._31__waterwassweet.(the)【解析】特指前面提到的clearwater?！究偨Y(jié)】1、_______+名詞（單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)、可數(shù)或不可數(shù)）（表特指）2、_______+（定語）+名詞+of等介詞短語（表特指）3、_______+（定語）+名詞+定語從句（表特指）4、_______+（定語）+名詞+不定式短語或分詞短語（表特指）不定冠詞a/an泛指“一個(gè)（次，本，座，……）”。（2009年廣東卷）Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnot33_pleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetorpushedyouwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(a)【解析】意思是“一次”愉快的經(jīng)歷。表示“一次”，用不定冠詞，又因pleasant以輔音開頭，故填a。（2007年廣東卷）……theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto_35__smalltownsome20kilometresawaywheretherewasagarage.(a)【解析】意思是將車?yán)诫x那里大約有20公里遠(yuǎn)的“一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)”。表示“一個(gè)”，用不定冠詞?！究偨Y(jié)】1、_______+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（表泛指）2、_______+adj+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（表泛指）二、真題演練：請用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1.Firstimpressionarethemostlasting.Afterall,youneverget______secondchancetomake______firstimpression.(2010北京卷)2.It’s_______goodfeelingforpeopletoadmiretheShanghaiWorldExpothatgiventhempleasure.(2010福建卷)3.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthatpeoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor______newJiangsu.(2010江蘇卷)4.Thereareover58,000rockyobjectsinspace,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto_____earth.(2010遼寧卷)5.Ifwesitnear_______frontofthebus,we’llhave_______betterview.(2010山東卷)6.Everythingcomeswith____price;thereisnosuchthingasfreelunchintheworld.(2010重慶卷)7.Inmostcountries,auniversitydegreecangiveyou______flyingstartinlife.(2010四川卷)8.Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas______three-hourjourney.(2010上海卷)【Itwas______eight-hourjourney.】9.Wecanneverexpect_____bluerskyunlesswecreate___lesspollutedworld.(2009安徽卷)10.Thisareaexperienced______heaviestrainfallin_____monthofMay.(2009遼寧卷)(Key:1.a;the2.a3.a4.the5.the;a6.a7.a8.a9.a;a10.the;the)二、It的用法與強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu):一、考點(diǎn)分析在最近三年的高考中,每年都考查了it的用法?？键c(diǎn)為：1、替代前文已提到的內(nèi)容。（2010年廣東卷）Apparently,itwasnolongerfreshbecauseoftheoldleather.Heaskedhisteacher,“Sir,thewaterwasawful.Whydidyoupretendtolike38?”(it)[解析]指前面提到的“水（thewater）”。（2008年廣東卷）Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960-1279)wasveryanxioustohelphisricecropgrowupquickly.Hewasthinkingabout34dayandnight.Butthecropwasgrowingmuchslowerthanheexpected.(it)[解析]代替前文中的(how)tohelphiscropgrowupquickly。2、作形式主語或形式賓語。(2009年廣東卷)Janewaswalkingroundthedepartmentstore.Sherememberedhowdifficult______wastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.(it)[解析]在賓語從句中作形式主語，真正的主語是tochoose……。此外，談到it的用法，我們自然會想到含it的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)，盡管在這四年廣東高考中尚未考查到，但我們不可忽視，這是一個(gè)重要的潛在考點(diǎn)。【總結(jié)】（1）根據(jù)本句句意和空格前一句的內(nèi)容及其兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系，判斷空格處是不是需要填代替前文某個(gè)內(nèi)容的代詞it。（2）根據(jù)句式判斷是不是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it。如：1)itisadj/n+todo/doing/that……(eg:1)ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.2)我們學(xué)好英語很重要。ItisimportantforustolearnEnglishwell./ItisimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell.3)Itisourdutytohelpothers4)Itisnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.5)【2009年廣東】2)……find/feel/think/considerit+adj/n+todo/doing/that……(eg:1)WefinditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.2)WefinditimportantthatwelearnEnglishwell.3)Wefinditourdutytohelpothers4)Wefinditnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.)3）Itis/wassaid/reported/believedthat……(3)強(qiáng)調(diào)句：Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容+that+句子其他成分。二、真題演練：請用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~或所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thefactthatshewasforeignmade____difficultforhertogetajobinthatcountry.(2010遼寧卷)2.Thedoctorthought______wouldbegoodforyoutohaveaholiday.(2010全國卷)3.Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy______.(2009四川卷)4.Itisoften________(say)thathumanbeingsarenaturallyequippedtospeak.(2009全國II)5.Itwasfromonlyafewsuppliesthatshehadboughtinthevillage_______thehostesscookedsuchanicedinner.(2010安徽卷)6.John’ssuccesshasnothingtodowithgoodluck.Itisyearsofhardwork_______hasmadehimwhatheistoday.(2010湖南卷)7._______wasnotuntilhecamebackfromAfricathatyearthathemetthegirlhewouldliketomarry.(2009江西卷)8.-----I’vereadanotherbookthisweek.-----Well,maybe_______isnothowmuchyoureadbutwhatyoureadthatcounts.(2009浙江卷)(Key:1.it2.it3.it4.said5.that6.that7.It8.it)三、代詞：一、考點(diǎn)分析代詞在廣東四年新高考中，年年都考，四年考了五個(gè)小題，可見這是必考點(diǎn)，我們復(fù)習(xí)備考時(shí)必須給予重視。近四年來的考點(diǎn)有：1、不定代詞。（2010年廣東卷）Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet__36__studenttastethewater.(another)【解析】在給老師送水的這個(gè)學(xué)生離開后，應(yīng)是給他的“另一個(gè)”學(xué)生嘗一嘗，泛指若干個(gè)中的“另一個(gè)”，用another。（2007年廣東卷）Ihadnoticedthreehensrunningfreeinmyhostess’scourtyardandthatnightoneofthemendedupinadishonmytable.__37__villagersbroughtmegoat’scheeseandhoney.(Others/Some)【解析】拿goat’scheeseandhoney來給我的應(yīng)是“其他的”村民或者“有一些”村民。2、人稱代詞。（2009廣東卷）Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease__38_.(him)【解析】她給父親買禮物，根據(jù)常識其目的應(yīng)是“使她的父親高興(pleaseherfather)”，替代herfather，在句中作賓語，用人稱代詞的賓格，故填him。（2007年廣東卷）Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,IwantedtorewardtheoldwomanforthetroubleIhadcaused__40_.(her)【解析】因（that）Ihadcaused……是定語從句，先行詞是trouble，代表先行詞trouble的關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作賓語，被省略了；由搭配causesb.trouble(給某人造成麻煩)可知，填her，指代theoldwoman。3、物主代詞。（2008年廣東卷）Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960–1279)wasveryanxioustohelp__40_ricecropgrowupquickly.(his)【解析】由文中的hiscrop,thecrop等可知，名詞crop前填限定詞；這個(gè)急性子人當(dāng)然是急于使“他的”禾苗長得快，故填his。此外，反身代詞，替代詞that、one，表示兩者或多者的代詞all、both、either、neither，復(fù)合不定代詞something、nothing等在廣東高考中雖然還沒有考查到，但我們在復(fù)習(xí)高考中仍需重視。【總結(jié)】因句子的主語或賓語主要由名詞、代詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式等充當(dāng)，而名詞、動(dòng)名詞或不定式等實(shí)詞通常會放在有提示詞的空格中考查，所以純空格所填詞在句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，通常填代詞，包括人稱代詞、指示代詞、不定代詞、名詞性物主代詞、疑問代詞、反身代詞（不能作主語）等。在名詞前作定語就只能用形容詞性物主代詞。二、真題演練：請用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1.ThecostofrentingahouseincentralXi’anishigherthat______inanyotherareaofthecity.(2010陜西卷)2.Youareateamstar!Workingwith______isreallyyourcupoftea.(2010安徽卷)3.WhenyouintroducemetoMr.Johnson,couldyoupleasesay_____forme?(2010福建卷)4.Swimmingismyfavoritesport.Thereis______likeswimmingasameansofkeepingfit.(2010江西卷)5.I’llspendhalfofmyholidaypracticingEnglishandthe____halflearningdrawing.(2010全國卷)6.Neithersideispreparedtotalktothe_______unlesswecansmooththingoverbetweenthem.(2010全國卷II)7.Helpingothersisahabit,______youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.(2010山東卷)8.______inmylifeimpressedmesodeeplyasmyfirstvisittothePalace9.______that’simportantisthatyouaredoingyourbestandmovingintherightdirection.(2010浙江卷)10.Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfound______ofthemagain.(2010重慶卷)11.Onmydeskisaphotothatmyfathertookof______whenIwasababy.(2010四川卷)12.Ifourparentsdoeverythingforuschildren,wewon’tlearntodependon______.(2010上海卷)13.---Wow!You’vegotsomanyclothes.---But_____ofthemareinfashionnow.(2009上海卷)14.Oneofthemostimportantquestionstheyhadtoconsiderwas___ofpublichealth.(2009全國II)15.IfeltsobadalldayyesterdaythatIdecidedthismorningIcouldn’tface______daylikethat.(2009山東卷)16.Janewasaskedalotofquestions,butshedidn’tanswer______ofthem.(2009陜西卷)(Key:1.that2.others3.something4.nothing5.other6.other7.one8.Nothing9.All10.either11.me12.ourselves13.none14.that15.another16.any)四、介詞：一、考點(diǎn)分析在廣東四年新高考中，共考了7個(gè)小題，是一個(gè)必考點(diǎn)，且在語法項(xiàng)目中所占比例最重。主要考點(diǎn)有：常用的簡單介詞。（2010年廣東卷）Theyoungmanwenthome______ahappyheart.(with)【解析】表示“帶著”愉快的心情，此介詞短語做狀語，修飾謂語wenthome.（2008年廣東卷）ChineseproverbsarerichandtheyarestillwidelyusedinChinesepeople’sdailylife._____theseproverbsthereareofteninterestingstories.(Behind/In)【解析】指“在這些成語的背后”或“在這些成語里”常常會有一些有趣的故事，表示“在……的背后”，用介詞behind；表示“在……里”，用in。（2008年廣東卷）Hewasverytired_______doingthisforawholeday,……(after/from)【解析】因“他感到很累”應(yīng)是“在他做了一整天事之后，”表示“在……之后”，用介詞after；另外betiredfromdoing是固定短語，表示“因做某事而累”，所以也可填from。（2007年廣東卷）Irealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastowhoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme______aguestintheirhouse.(as)【解析】意思是“把我當(dāng)作客人”來接待，表示“當(dāng)作，作為”，用介詞as。固定短語或句式搭配中的介詞。（2009年廣東卷）Janestoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmenhadgathered.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipes__37__sale.(on)【解析】固定搭配onsale，表示“出售”。（2009年廣東卷）WhenJanegothome,withhersmallbutwell-chosenpresentinherbag,herparentswerealready__39__tablehavingsupper.(at)【解析】名詞（table）在句中不作主語，也不作動(dòng)詞的賓語，很可能就是作介詞的賓語；由havingsupper可知，填at；因?yàn)閍ttable表示“在餐桌邊，在進(jìn)餐”，也是習(xí)慣搭配。（2007年廣東卷）Whenthetimecameformetosaygoodbyetomyfriendsinthevillage,Iwantedtorewardtheoldwoman__39__thetroubleIhadcausedher.(for)【解析】表示“因……而酬謝/報(bào)答某人”是rewardsbforsht，類似的表達(dá)還有thanksbforsth;praisesbforsth：因……表揚(yáng)某人；punishsbforsth：因……懲罰某人等【總結(jié)】當(dāng)“______+（限定詞）+名詞”或“_____+代詞”在句中不充當(dāng)主語或賓語時(shí)，該空格通常應(yīng)填介詞。此外，填介詞時(shí)，除了考慮與其后名詞的搭配外，也要考慮與前面的動(dòng)詞、形容詞的搭配。二、真題演練：請用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空。1.Wouldyoumindnotpickingtheflowersinthegarden?Theyare_____everyone’senjoyment.(2010北京卷)2.Wegivedogstime,spaceandlovewecanspare,and_____return,dogsgiveustheirall.(2010江西卷)3.Iagreetohissuggestion_____theconditionthathedropsallcharges.4.Myfatherwarnedme_____goingtotheWestCoastbecauseitwascrowedwithtourists.(2010天津卷)5.ThedictionaryiswhatIwant,butIdon’thaveenoughmoney______me.(2010重慶卷)6.Tired,Jimwasfastasleepwithhisback_____abigtree.(2010四川卷)7.Seanhasformedthehabitofjogging_____thetree-linedavenuefortwohourseverydays.(2010上海卷)8.---Howamazingitisthatastronautsareexploringouterspace!---It’sachallenge,Iguess,______managainstnature.(2009福建卷)9.Theartshowwasfar______beingafailure;itwasagreatsuccess.(2009天津卷)10.MostAmericanswouldprefertokeeptheirproblems______themselves,andsolvetheirproblems_______themselves.(2009湖南卷)11.Agreatpersonisalwaysputtingothers’interests_____hisown.(2009四川卷)12.Everybodywastouched______wordsaftertheyheardhermovingstory.(2009全國卷)13.Thewineindustryintheareahasdevelopedinaspecialway,_____littleforeignownership.(2009北京卷)14.Itsavestimeinthekitchentohavethingsyouusealot_____easyreach.(2009山東卷)15.Heinvitedmetoadanceaftertheshow______ChristmasEve.(2009陜西卷)16.Tryonthisredskirt;youwilllookgreat_____it.(2009重慶卷)17.Childrenneedfriends______theirownagetoplaywith.(2009遼寧卷)(Key:1.for2.in3.on4.against5.with6.against7.along8.of9.from10.to;by11.above12.beyond13.with14.within15.on16.in17.of)五、形容詞與副詞：一、考點(diǎn)分析在廣東新高考中，有三年考查了形容詞和副詞的用法，是一個(gè)?？键c(diǎn)。主要考查了：1、形容詞的句法作用。形容詞在句中主要作主語、表語和賓語補(bǔ)足語。（2008年廣東卷）Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir39(nature)course.(natural)【解析】在名詞course前作定語，用形容詞。2、副詞的句法作用。副詞在句中修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語。（2010年廣東卷）Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled34(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.(warmly)【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞smiled，作狀語，用副詞形式。（2007年廣東卷）Wedranktogetherandtalked38(merry)tillfarintothenight.(merrily)【解析】修飾動(dòng)詞talked作狀語，應(yīng)用副詞merrily。形容詞和副詞的比較等級。(2010年廣東卷)Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe39(sweet).”(sweeter)【解析】意思是“什么也不會比這更甜”即“這是世界上最甜的東西”。（2008年廣東卷）Hewasverytired37afterdoingthisforawholeday,yethefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”38(high).(higher)【解析】指比他pickupafewinches之前“長”得“更高”了，這是省略了thanbefore的隱性比較級?！窘忸}技巧】：一般說來,有表示范圍的in/of介詞短語,一般要用最高級;than的前面一定要用比較級,但在特定語境中,“than+比較對象”和在最后級中表示比較范圍的of/in短語常常被省略，此時(shí)我們要注意辨別這種隱性的比較級和最高級。二、真題演練：請用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Inthislecture,Icanonlygiveyouapurely_______(person)viewofhowwecanlivelifetothefullandmakesomesuggestionsaboutthefuture.(2010湖北卷)2.Computersandmobilephones,thoughtheyareindeedmakingourlife______(ease)andmore___________(efficiency),havereducedtheneedforface-to-faceconversations.(2010江西卷)3.---Volunteeringisbecoming________(increase)popularinChina.---Yeah,peoplearenowawarethathelpingothersishelpingthemselves.(2010福建卷)4.Theislandis_______(equal)attractiveinspringandautumnbecauseofthepleasantweatherinbothseasons.5.Doyouthinkshoppingonlinewill______(final)taketheplaceofshoppinginstores?(2010浙江卷)6.MrBlackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen________popular.7.Frankputthemedicineinthetopdrawertomakesureitwouldnotbe________(access)tothekids.(2009江西卷)8.---Doyouthinkit’sagoodideatomakefriendswithyourstudents?---________(actual),Ido.Ithinkit’sagreatidea.(2009安徽卷)9.Thechildrenlovedtheirdaytrip,andtheyenjoyedthehouseride_______(much).(2009全國II)10.Johnisvery_______(rely)—ifhepromisestodosomethinghe’lldoit.(2009浙江卷)(Key:1.personal2.easier;efficient3.increasingly4.equally5.finally6.more7.accessible8.Actually9.most10.reliable)六、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)：一、考點(diǎn)分析謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)在廣東高考中是每年必考點(diǎn)，我們必須重視。雖然考試說明中列了十種時(shí)態(tài)，但?？嫉闹皇且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。請看近四年的高考英語廣東卷：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。（主動(dòng)：do/does；波動(dòng)：is/am/aredone）（2008年廣東卷）Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelopoften40(result)inthecontrarytoourintention.(results)【解析】句中Beingtooanxioustohelpaneventdevelop是動(dòng)名詞短語作主語，result應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，應(yīng)當(dāng)考慮的是它的時(shí)態(tài)；“急于求成，往往會事與愿違”是客觀真理，應(yīng)當(dāng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；動(dòng)名詞作主語，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，故填results。2、一般過去時(shí)。（主動(dòng)：did；波動(dòng)：was/weredone）(2010年廣東卷)Afterafour-dayjourney,theyoungman33(present)thewatertotheoldman.(presented)【解析】句中theyoungman是主語，其后的present應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞，由語境可知，用一般過去時(shí)。（2009年廣東卷）……peoplesteppedonyourfeetor34(push)youwiththeirelbows（肘部）,hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.(pushed)【解析】與stepped并列，也用一般過去時(shí)。（2009年廣東卷）Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane40(inform)).(wasinformed)【解析】Jane是主語，其后的inform應(yīng)是謂語動(dòng)詞；因Jane與inform是波動(dòng)關(guān)系，又是一般過去時(shí)，故用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。3、固定句式中的時(shí)態(tài)。（2007年廣東卷）IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar31(break)downneararemotevillage.(broke)【解析】在when后面的句子中，mycar是主語，break應(yīng)為謂語動(dòng)詞；由全文可知這是敘述過去的經(jīng)歷，用一般過去時(shí)；再說was/weredoing……when……did……是一個(gè)固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時(shí)，表示“正在做某事，就在這個(gè)時(shí)候發(fā)生了另一事”。【總結(jié)】如果一個(gè)句子沒有謂語動(dòng)詞，或者雖然已有謂語動(dòng)詞，但所填的動(dòng)詞與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí)，就是填謂語動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)就要根據(jù)語境考慮語態(tài)和時(shí)態(tài)。二、真題演練：請用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.---Iseveryonehere?---Notyet.Look,there_______(come)therestofourguests!(2010江蘇卷)2.Barbaraiseasytorecognizeasshe’stheonlyoneofthewomenwho_______(wear)eveningdress.(2010全國卷II)3.Everyfewyears,thecoalworkers_______(have)theirlungsX-rayedtoensuretheirhealth.(2010上海卷)4.Thechurchtowerwhich_______(restore)willbeopentotouristssoon.Theworkisalmostfinished.(2010上海卷)5.Thebookhasbeentranslatedintothirtylanguagessinceit_______(come)onthemarketin1973.(2010重慶卷)6.Whenyouarehome,giveacalltoletmeknowyou________(arrive)safely.(2010全國卷I)7.Uptonow,theprogram________(save)thousandsofchildrenwhowouldotherwisehavedied.(2010山東卷)8.Formanyyears,people_______(dream)ofelectriccars.However,makingthemhasbeenmoredifficultthanpredicted.(2010浙江卷)9.---Whenshallwerestartourbusiness?---Notuntilwe________(finish)ourplan.(2010四川卷)10.---I’mnotfinishedwithmydinneryet.---Butourfriends_______(wait)forus.(2010北京卷)11.Iwalkedslowlythroughthemarket,wherepeople________(sell)allkindsoffruitsandvegetables.IstudiedthepricescarefullyandboughtwhatIneeded.(2010湖南卷)12.---Wereyousurprisedbytheendingofthefilm?---No,I______(read)thebook,soIalreadyknewthestory.（2010安徽卷）13.IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhatthey______(do)forme.(2010北京卷)14.Iwasjustgoingtocutmyrosebushesbutsomeone_______(do)it.Wasityou?(2010湖南卷)15.I’mtiredout.I________(shop)allafternoonandIdon’tseemtohavefinishedanything.(2010湖南卷)16.IhavetoseethedoctorbecauseI________(cough)alotlately.17.Thiscoastalarea________(name)anationalwildlifereservelastyear.(2010湖南卷)18.Linda,makesurethetables________(set)beforetheguestarrive.(2010全國卷)19.Thepalacecaughtfiresthreetimeinthelastcentury,andlittleoftheoriginalbuilding_______(remain)now.(2010重慶卷)20.You’vefailedtodowellwhatyou_______(expect)toandI’mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.（2010四川卷）(Key:1.come2.wears3.have4.isbeingrestored5.came6.havearrived7.hassaved8.havedreamed9.havefinished10.arewaiting11.wereselling12.hadread13.haddone14.haddone15.havebeenshopping16.havebeencoughing17.wasnamed18.areset19.remains20.wereexpected.)七、動(dòng)詞的非謂語：一、考點(diǎn)分析非謂語動(dòng)詞在語法填空中，每年必考，且每年一個(gè)小題，但四年來，只涉及到非謂語動(dòng)詞的兩種用法。1、作狀語。（2010年廣東卷）Hespititout,34(say)itwasawful.(saying)【解析】因句中已有謂語spit，此處又沒有連詞，say不是并列謂語，而是非謂語動(dòng)詞；又因he與say是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語。（2009年廣東卷）Shewishedthathewasaseasy32(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.(toplease)【解析】句中已有謂語waseasy,please應(yīng)為非謂語動(dòng)詞；應(yīng)在形容詞后作狀語，只能用動(dòng)詞不定式，故填toplease。（2008年廣東卷）Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop32(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.(tohelp)【解析】作目的狀語，用動(dòng)詞不定式。2、作賓補(bǔ)。（2007年廣東卷）Finally,Iacceptedtheofferofanoldpeasantwomanwholivedaloneinalittlehouse.Whileshewasgettingme=34(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom(settled)【解析】由settlesbinto/in/on……（使某人舒服地處于某處）可知，me與settle是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。又如：Anursesettledtheoldmanintoachair.護(hù)士讓那位老人舒舒服服地坐在椅子上。雖然只考查了非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語和作賓語補(bǔ)足語，但在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)，非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語、主意和賓語也不可忽視?！究偨Y(jié)】如果一個(gè)句子已有謂語動(dòng)詞，且不是并列謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所給動(dòng)詞要用非謂語形式，這時(shí)要根據(jù)句子所缺句子成分和非謂語動(dòng)詞的各自的用法特點(diǎn)，選擇動(dòng)詞-ing形式、過去分詞(done)或不定式(todo)。二、真題演練：請用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thereweremanytalentedactorsouttherejustwaiting___________(discover).(2010江西卷)2.Wewereastonished________(find)thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(2010遼寧卷)3.WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_______(buy)presentsformydad.(2010全國卷I)4.Hisfirstbook________(punish)nextmonthisbasedonatruestory.(2010陜西卷)5.Ihavealotofreadings_________(complete)beforetheendofthisterm.(2010山東卷)6.Manybuildingsinthecityneedrepairing,buttheone_________(repair)firstisthelibrary.(2010重慶卷)7._____(approach)thecitycenter,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.(2010上海卷)8.Inmanypeople’sopinion,thatcompany,thoughrelativelysmall,ispleasant_______(deal)with.(2010四川卷)9.Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine________(reduce)theoveruseofwaterinstudents’bathrooms.(2010上海卷)10.Ihadgreatdifficulty______(find)thesuitablefoodonthemenuinthatrestaurant.(2010上海卷)11.I’mcallingtoenquireabouttheposition_________(advertise)inyesterday’sChinaDaily.(2010北京卷)12.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney________(discover)inthelibrary.(2010湖南卷)13.Alexandertriedtogethiswork_________(recognize)inthelibrary.(2010湖南卷)14.Mrs.Whileshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______(borrow)fromthelibrary.(2010全國卷I)15.Though________(surprise)toseeus,theprofessorgaveusawarmwelcome.(2010全國卷II)16.____(see)fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.(2010陜西卷)17.Thelivingroomiscleanandtidy,withadiningtablealready_______(lay)foramealtobecooked.(2010山東卷)18.Theexperimentshowsthatproperamountsofexercise,if________(carry)outregularly,canimproveourhealth.(2010浙江卷)19.Agreatnumberofstudents_________(question)saidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.(2010四川卷)20.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues_________(amuse)withherstories.(2010上海卷)21.Hehadawonderfulchildhood,________(travel)withhismothertoallcornersoftheworld.(2010安徽卷)22._________(look)atmyclassmates’faces,Ireadthesameexcitementintheireyes.(2010北京卷)23.Listen!Doyouhearsomeone________(call)forhelp?(2010湖南卷)24.Itrainedheavilyinthesouth,______(cause)seriousfloodinginseveralprovinces.(2010天津卷)25.Thetrafficrulessaysyoungchildrenundertheageoffourand________(weigh)lessthan40poundsmustbeinachildsafetyseat.(2010浙江卷)(Key:1.tobediscovered2.tofind3.tobuy4.tobepunished5.tocomplete6.toberepaired7.Approaching8.todeal9.toreduce10.(in)finding11.advertised12.discovered13.recognized14.borrowed15.surprised16.Seen17.laid18.carried19.questioned20.amused21.traveling22.Looking23.calling24.causing25.weighing)八、并列句與主從復(fù)合句（連接詞）：一、考點(diǎn)分析主句與各類從句之間的連接詞是每年必考，其中考得最多的事引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系副詞(where)和關(guān)系代詞（who），其次是引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連詞（that）和連接代詞（who）。連接并列分句的并列連詞只考查了一個(gè)小題。具體的考點(diǎn)與考題如下：1、并列句。（2008年廣東卷）He（主語）was（謂語）verytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,37he（主語）felt（謂語）veryhappysincethecropdid“grow”higher.(but/yet)【解析】因veryhappy與前面的verytired是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，而這兩句之間是逗號且沒有連詞，故填連詞but/yet。2、狀語從句。（2010年廣東卷）We（主語）understand（謂語）thislessonbest40we（主語）received（謂語）giftsoflovefromchildren.(when)【解析】引導(dǎo)狀語從句，表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。3、定語從句。（2010年廣東卷）He（主語）filled（謂語）hisleathercontainersothathe（主語）couldbring（謂語）somebacktoanelder32（主語）hadbeen（謂語）histeacher.(who)【解析】引導(dǎo)定語從句并在從句中作主語，先行詞是表示人的anelder,故填who。（2009年廣東卷）Jane（主語）paused（謂語）infrontofacounter35someattractiveties（主語）were（謂語）ondisplay.(where)【解析】因兩句之間沒有連詞，必定是填連詞；后句是定語從句，要填的詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填關(guān)系副詞where。(2007年廣東卷)……theheadofthevillage（主語）wastying（謂語）uphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersaway36therewas（謂語）agarage.(where)【解析】先行詞是asmalltown，并在定語從句中作狀語，用where(==inwhich）引導(dǎo)定語從句。注意：先行詞與定語從句被some20lilometersaway隔開了。4、名詞性從句。（2008年廣東卷）Oneday,he（主語）cameupwith(謂語)anidea35he（主語）wouldpluckup（謂語）allofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.(that)【解析】引導(dǎo)同位語從句，說明idea的具體內(nèi)容；從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，用that引導(dǎo)。（2007年廣東卷）……whenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingasto32shouldhavethehonourofreceivingmeasaguestintheirhouse.(who)【解析】在介詞to后應(yīng)是賓語，不難判斷作賓語的是一個(gè)賓語從句；引導(dǎo)賓語從句且在從句中作主語；又因?yàn)椤坝行医哟摇睉?yīng)是人，故填who?！究偨Y(jié)】（1）連接兩個(gè)功能對等的單詞或短語時(shí)，應(yīng)填并列連詞and,or,but等。（2）若兩個(gè)句子（有兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連詞，空格處必定是填連接詞，否則，句子結(jié)構(gòu)就不完整。根據(jù)兩句之間的意義和邏輯關(guān)系，或者根據(jù)句式結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，確定是并列句（多要求考生填and,but,while,when,or等）還是某種主從復(fù)合句。然后根據(jù)各類從句的特點(diǎn)，結(jié)合連接詞的意義和用法，確定填具體的某個(gè)連詞。二、真題演練：請用適當(dāng)詞空。1.Childrenwhoarenotactiveor________dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.(2010北京卷)2.StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.(2010福建卷)3.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool_______ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.(2010湖南卷)4.Thenewlybuiltcafé,thewallsof______arepaintedlightgreen,isreallyapeacefulplaceforus,speciallyafterhardwork.(2010江蘇卷)5.Thegirlarrangedtohavepianolessonsatthetrainingcentrewithhersister_____shewouldstayforanhour.(2010江西卷)6.Asachild,Jackstudiedinavillageschool,_______isnamedafterhisgrandfather.(2010全國卷I)7.Irefusetoaccepttheblameforsomething_______wassomeoneelse’sfault.(2010全國卷II)8.That’sthenewmachine_______partsaretoosmalltobeseen.(2010山東卷)9.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_______lefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.(2010浙江卷)10.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,Itooksometimeofftogotravelling,______turnedouttobeawisedecision.(2010四川卷)11.Iwanttobelikedandlovedfor_______Iaminside.(2010北京卷)12.PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was______itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.(2010北京卷)13.______somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.(2010北京卷)14.Cindyshutthedoorheavilyandburstintotears.Nooneintheofficeknew_______shewassoangry.(2010湖南卷)15.---IpreferredshuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.---That’s_______Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.(12010江蘇卷)16.---Haveyoufinishedthebook?---No,I’vereadupto_______thechildrendiscoverthesecretcave.(2010全國卷II)17.Itneveroccurredtome_______youcouldsucceedinpersuadinghimtochangehismind.(2010陜西卷)18.Beforethesalesstart,Imakealistof_______mykidswillneedforthecomingseason.(2010山東卷)19.Howmuchoneenjoyshimselftravellingdependslargelyon_______hegoeswith,whetherhisfriendsorrelatives.(2010四川卷)20._______theydecidewhichcollegetogoto,studentsshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.(2010北京卷)21.Thegirlhadhardlyrungthebell______thedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andherfriendrushedouttogreether.(2010福建卷)22.TheoldmanaskedLucytomovetoanotherchair______hewantedtositnexttohiswife.(2010遼寧卷)23.Thelittleboywon’tgotosleep_______hismothertellshimastory.(2010全國卷I)24.Johnthinksitwon’tbelong______heisreadyforhisnewjob.(2010陜西卷)25.Tomwasabouttoclosethewindows_______hisattentionwascaughtbyabird.(2010全國卷II)26．---Iwonderedhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices.---Thefirst