初高銜接語法：專題一 句子成分

初高銜接語法：十大詞類（PartsofSpeech）一、英語十大詞類詞類意義例詞名詞n表示人或事物的名稱car,mouth,year冠詞art用在名詞前幫助說明名詞所指的人或物a,an,the代詞pron用來代替名詞、形容詞或數詞we,his,him,mine形容詞adj用來修飾名詞，表示名詞的特征red,long,angry數詞num表示數量或順序three,second動詞v表示動作或狀態(tài)hear,see,sing副詞adv修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞early,then,soon介詞prep表示名詞、代詞等和其他詞的關系from,on,for,with連詞conj用來連接詞與詞、短語與短語、句與句and,or,because感嘆詞interj表示說話時的喜悅、驚訝等情感oh,well,hey二、英語中的人稱代詞主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞ImemyminemyselfweusOuroursourselvesyouyouyouryoursyourselfyouyouyouryoursyourselveshehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitsitselftheythemtheirtheirsthemselves作主語作賓語作定語作主語/表語/賓語作表語/賓語/同位語初高銜接語法：句子成分句子成分：組成句子的各個部分叫做句子成分。英語中共有八大句子成分：主語、謂語、表語、賓語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語和同位語。主語和謂語是句子的主體部分。表語、賓語、賓語補足語都是謂語的組成部分。1、主語：是表示句子所說的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。一般由名詞、代詞或相當于名詞的詞、短語和從句等充當。JennyisanEnglishteacher.Jenny是英語教師HeteachesEnglishinNo.5MiddleSchool.他在五中教英語。Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.要當一位好老師并不容易。Herbeloveddiedinthewar.她敬愛的人死于戰(zhàn)場。Whathesaidisreasonable.他說的話有道理。2、謂語：是說明主語“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么樣”。謂語（謂語部分里的主要詞）用動詞。謂語和主語在“人稱”和“數”兩個方面必須保持一致。WeloveChina.我熱愛中國。Mr.Chenghopestobeagoodteacher.程先生希望當一位好教師。3、表語：是說明主語是什么或者怎么樣。由名詞、代詞、數詞、形容詞或相當于名詞或形容詞的詞、短語或從句等充當，和連系動詞一起構成謂語。Myfatherisateacher.我父親是教師。Areyouready?你準備好了嗎？HisworkistoteachEnglish.他的工作是教英語。That’swhatIshoulddo.這是我應該做的。4、賓語：是表示動作行為的對象。由名詞、代詞、數詞、名詞化的形容詞或相當于名詞的詞、短語或從句等充當賓語，和及物動詞一起說明主語做什么。Heoftenhelpsme.他經常幫助我。WestudyEnglishatschool.我們在學校學習英語。Iwishtobeagoodteacher.我希望成為一位好教師。Weenjoysharingtheirworkexperience．我們喜歡分享他們的工作經驗。Weseldomrealizethatmanyplantsactuallycomefromcountriesfaraway．我們很少有人知道很多植物來自遠方的國家。5、賓語補足語：是用來對賓語進行補充說明。作賓語補足語的有名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、現在分詞（短語）、過去分詞（短語）和動詞不定式（短語）。Wemadehimmonitor.我們選他當班長。Heoftenmakeshismotherangry.他經常惹媽媽生氣。Whotookmybagawaybymistake?誰誤拿了我的書包？Whenhecametolife,hefoundhimselfinhospital.當她醒來的時候發(fā)現自己住院了。IheardhersingingwhenIwentbytheroom.我從房間旁邊路過的時候聽見他在唱歌。Hehadhishaircutyesterday.他昨天請人理了發(fā)。Theteachertoldustostudyhard.老師叫我們好好學習。6、定語：是用來修飾名詞或代詞。作定語的除形容詞外，還有代詞、數詞、名詞、介詞短語或相當于形容詞的詞、短語或從句等。Theredbikeismine.紅色的自行車是我的。Wehavefourlessonsinthemorning.我們上午四節(jié)課。Whatisyourname？你叫什么名字？Thisisthedeskwhoselegisbroken.這就那張斷腿的課桌。7、狀語：是用來修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、程度等意義，通常由副詞、介詞短語或相當于副詞的詞、短語或從句等來充當狀語。Weareworkinghard.我們學習很努力。Sheisverybeautiful.她長得很漂亮。Theyhadameetingthisafternoon.今天下午我們開會了。HecomestostudyEnglisheveryday.他每天來這里學英語。TherearelotsofsheepwhereIlive.我住的地方有很多綿羊。8．同位語：主要用作對名詞做進一步解釋。它可以是單詞、短語或從句。MaoZedong,agreatleader,ledtheChineseinfoundingthePeople’sRepublicofChina.毛澤東一位偉大的領袖帶領中國人建立了中華人民共和國。HeaskedmeaquestionwhetherIlikedEnglish.他問了我一個問題我是否喜歡英語。句子成分練習一、劃出下列句子的主語(subject)1.Thesunrisesintheeast.2.Helikesdancing.3.Twowillbeenough.4.Seeingisbelieving.6.Toseeistobelieve.7.Whentoholdthemeetinghasnotbeendecidedyet.8.Whatheneedsisabook.9.Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.當不定式、動名詞或從句在某個句子中作主語時，為保持句子結構前后平衡，避免頭重腳輕，因此常用it作形式主語置于句首，而將真正的主語放在句尾。此時it只起先行引導作用，本身無詞義。先劃出下列句子的真正的主語，然后翻譯下列句子1)Itiswrongtotellalie.

2)Itisnousearguingaboutit.3)Itisuncertainwhowillcome.二、劃出下列句子的表語(predicative)Heisateacher.Myideaisthis.Shewasthefirsttoarrive.Ifeelmuchbettertoday.Heisoutofdanger.Thenewswasexciting.WhatsurprisedmemostwasthathespokeChinesesowell.三、劃出下列句子的賓語(object)1.Shelivedahappylife.2.Iloveyou.3.Weneedtwo.4.Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?5.HebegantolearnEnglishayearago.6.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.7.Didyouwritedownwhatshesaid?8.Shefeltitherdutytotakegoodcareofthem.四、劃出下列句子的賓語補足語(objectcomplement)IconsiderJimagoodfriend.Ialwaysfindherhappy.Peoplepraisedhimasahero.IhadtheTVfixed.Isawhimenteringthebuilding.Whatmadeyouthinkso?Doyouwantmetogo?五、劃出下列句子的定語(attribute)It’saredcar.Theyliveintheroomabove.Mybrotherisateacher.Webelongtothethirdworld.Lucy’sfatherisapoorworker.Mothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.Themanunderthetreeismyteacher.Theswimmingboyismybrother.Ilikedthefoodcookedbymymother.Therearetwothingstobediscussedtoday.Willyoutellusaboutyourteachingplan?ThisistheverybookthatIneed.六、劃出下列句子的狀語(adverbial)Heisoftenlateforclass.Wesawthatpictureatthecinema.Hesattheresmoking.Theyreturnedtiredandhungry.Theydideverythingtheycouldtosavetheboy’slife.Althoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.TheboxissoheavythatIcan’tliftit.Whilemywifewasreadingthenewspaper,IwaswatchingTV.Hewasangrybecausewewerelate．Ifitrainstomorrow,wewon’tgoout.句子成分練習2013-09一.指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成份。1.Thestudentsgotontheschoolbus.2.Hehandedmethenewspaper.3.Ishallansweryourquestionafterclass.4.WhatabeautifulChinesepainting!5.Theywenthuntingtogetherearlyinthemorning.6.Hisjobistotrainswimmers.7.HetookmanyphotosofthepalacesinBeijing.8.ThereisgoingtobeanAmericanfilmtonight.9.HeistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.10.Hiswishistobecomeascientist.11.Hemanagedtofinishtheworkintime.12.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.13.HefounditimportanttomasterEnglish.14.Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?15.Tobehonest,yourpronunciationisnotsogood.16.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyouraddress?17.Hesatthere,readinganewspaper.18.Itisourdutytokeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.19.Hesawamanleavethehotel.20.Theapplestastedsweet.句子成分和五大基本句子類型練習劃出下列句子的主語1.Seeingisbelieving.2.“Dirty”canbeusedasaverb.3.WhatIwanttosayisthis.4.Whethertheywilljoinushasn’tbeenmadeclear.5.Toovercomelazinessispossible,thoughnoteasy.劃出下列句子的謂語1.Hersuggestionsoundsquitereasonable.2.Thechickendoesn’ttastedelicious.3.Ithankedherforherkindness.4.Sheleftalargenumberofmoneyaftershedied.5.Hewasthoughttobeaspy.劃出下列句子的表語1.Herideasoundsquitenice.2.Weshouldalwayskeepcalm.3.Thatseemsagoodidea.4.Theirexaminationresultsaredisappointing,5.WhatIwanttoknowiswhowonthecompetition.劃出下列句子的賓語,如果有雙賓語請分別指出直接賓語和間接賓語1.Theybeathimblackandblue.2.Shetaughtthegirltoplaythepiano.3.I’dliketoaskyouaquestion4.Pleasetakecareofyourlittlesister.5.Ican’ttellwhichisbetter.QuizName__________Partone:指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成份。1.ThereisgoingtobeaChinesefilmtonight.2.SheistoleaveforShanghaitomorrow.3.Herwishistobecomeateacher.4.He,mybrother,managedtofinishtheworkintime.5.Tomcametoaskmeforadvice.6.WefounditimportanttolearnEnglish.7.Doyouhaveanythingelsetowash?8.Tobehonest,yourwritingisn’tsogood.9.Wouldyoupleasetellmeyourname?10.Theynoticedamanentertheroom.PartTwo:Multiplechoice(單項選擇).1.____willleaveforBeijing.A.Nowtheretheman B.ThemanherenowC.Themanisherenow D.Themanisherenow2.Theweather____.A.wetandcold B.iswetandcold C.notwetandcold D.werewetandcold3.Theapp