新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)大題突破+限時集訓(xùn)專題10 閱讀回答問題（原卷版）

專題10閱讀回答問題（北京天津用）閱讀表達(dá)題要求學(xué)生閱讀一篇300詞左右的短文，并按照題目要求用英語組織語言回答問題要求考生能夠捕捉并理解文章中出現(xiàn)的具體信息，并結(jié)合文中的具體要求進(jìn)行回答。命題通常有細(xì)節(jié)表達(dá)題，詞義猜測題，推斷表達(dá)題，主旨表達(dá)題和開放題。In2016,WandaDenchwastryingtolethergrandkidsknowaboutthefamily’supcomingplansfortheholidayandtriedtosendatextmessagetohergrandson.ButJamalHinton,whowasa17-year-oldhighschoolstudentandcompletestrangertoDenchatthetime,receivedthetextinstead.OncethetwoArizonanativesrealizedthemistake,Hintonaskedifhecould“stillgetaplate,”accordingtoscreenshotshepostedonTwitter.Denchreplied,“Ofcourse,youcan.That’swhatgrandmasdo...feedeveryone.”Hintonsharedthesweetconversationonsocialmediaandthestoryquicklywentviral(瘋傳).TheyhavecelebratedThanksgivingtogethereveryyearsince,alwayssnappingphotosandtakingvideos,muchtothedelightofmanyfollowingtheirstory.Thisyear,averyimportantpersonismissingfromtheannualtradition—Dench’shusband,Lonnie.Hediedfromthecoronavirusthisspring.Wandawasabletobewithhimduringhisfinalmoments.DenchandHintonthoughtabouttherisksofholdingaThanksgivingcelebrationamidthepandemic(疫情期間),weighingiftheycouldfigureoutawaytogettogetherthedaybeforegatheringwiththeirownindividualfamilies.But,theyeventuallyconcludedtheriskwastoohigh.InhonorofLonnie,thefriendsinsteadheldasmallgatheringonFriday.Dench,heractualgrandson,herdaughter,Hintonandhisgirlfriend,Mikaela,gottogetherforanearlyThanksgivingmeal.Theeventwasasharpcontrastfromthelargercelebrationsofyearspast.“Ididn’twanttomissThanksgivingwithJamal,”Denchsaid.“Thisyearisdefinitelydifferentthanalltheyearsinthepast.”TohonorLonnie,anemptyseatandlitcandlewereplacedattheheadofthetable.Thebelovedhusbandwouldalwayssaygracebeforetheholidaymeal,sothisyear,Denchledtheprayer.“Thankyouforalltheblessings,andthankyousomuchforhavingLonnieinmylife,”Denchsaidaseveryonesataroundthetable.“Imisshim,butIknowhe’sinagoodplace.Sotoeverybodyhere,IloveyouandhaveawonderfulThanksgiving.”1．WhatwastherelationshipbetweenDenchandHintonatthebeginningofthestory?(nomorethan3words)2．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpartinParagraph2?(nomorethan6words)3．Whywasthisyear’sgatheringasharpcontrastfromthelargercelebrationsofyearspast?(nomorethan15words)4．WhydidDenchleadtheprayerthisyear?(nomorethan10words)5．WhatdoyouthinkofDenchandHinton'sstory?Andgiveyourreasons.(nomorethan20words)細(xì)節(jié)理解題：首先要仔細(xì)審題，然后根據(jù)題干中出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞快速、準(zhǔn)確地在文章中定位相應(yīng)的語句，結(jié)合該語句（或其上下句）的內(nèi)容，用正確的格式進(jìn)行回答，答案內(nèi)容往往是固定的、唯一的。主旨表達(dá)題：善于歸納文章、語段的主旨大意；善于查找文章中的主題段、主題句、關(guān)鍵詞和核心詞。解該類題時，注意一要緊扣能夠體現(xiàn)文章或段落主旨的關(guān)鍵詞，二要計言簡練。推斷表達(dá)題：①要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的線索。②要對文字的表面信息進(jìn)行由表及里的挖掘加工，不能斷章取義，以偏概全。③要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)，立足已知，推斷未知。④不能主觀臆想，也不能以自己的觀點代替作者的觀點。⑤了解語篇結(jié)構(gòu)，重視文章的主旨，體會文章基調(diào)，所寫答案的內(nèi)容一定要立足于語篇內(nèi)容和主旨。⑥把握句子間和段落間的邏輯關(guān)系，把握邏輯發(fā)展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音，揣摩出作者的態(tài)度。⑦回答要緊扣題目，語言既要完整，又要簡潔，不要超過規(guī)定詞數(shù)。猜測表達(dá)題：結(jié)合文章主旨大意、整合上下文語境信息進(jìn)行猜測，還要利用同義或者反義關(guān)系、構(gòu)詞法及語篇文脈關(guān)系等理解猜測其含義，有些題目需要對較大的上下文范圍進(jìn)行理解，甚至通過理解整個語篇進(jìn)行猜測判斷。解題方法總結(jié)：1、首尾段結(jié)合出主旨，然后主旨在心去做題。2、在文章中找到能答題的句子，然后將句子改成符合答題要求的句、詞、或短語進(jìn)行做答，不要照抄文章原句。3、注意合理合法的去答題，合理指的是依據(jù)文章，答即所問，合法指的是符合語法規(guī)范。4、猜詞的題，盡量在文章中找有無近義詞替換詞，如果沒有再依據(jù)主旨和上下文語境自己找詞答，注意保持完全一致性。即詞性、形式、單復(fù)數(shù)等。5、開放題，兩個問題用兩句答，依據(jù)主旨進(jìn)行做答，不要偏離主題。Almosteverycommunityintheworldhassomeformofrulesandsomewayofcarryingthemout.Acommunityisagroupofpeoplewhoareunitedbyanumberoffactors,includinggeography,language,andvalues.Sowhydowehaverules,andwhatmakespeoplefollowthem?Studieshavesuggestedthatthereasonwedon’tlikecheatingandrule-breakingisthatfairnessisprogrammedintoourbrains.Theyhavefoundthatthebrainreactsinaparticularwaywhenwefeelwearebeingtreatedunfairly.Thefindingsconcludedthatfairnessisabasichumanneedalongwithfoodandsocialcontact.Oursenseoffairnessdependsontheinfluencesinourculture,theimmediatesituationwearein,andourownself-interest.Arrivingatafeelingoffairnessmeansconsideringdifferent,oftenconflicting,pointsofview.Regardlessofthedisagreement,peoplealmostalwaysneedtocompromise.Butitcanbedifficulttoarriveatacompromise(妥協(xié))whenthereareconflictinginterests.Thisiswhycommunitieshaverulesthateveryonemustfollow.Socialcontrolsareanimportantfactorinsettingandfollowingrules.Theyinfluencethewaywebehaveandcanbeinternalorexternal.Internalcontrolscomefromwithinandarebasedonourvaluesandfears.Mostofusdon’tsteal,forexample,becausewebelievethattheftisunfairandwrong.Inotherwords,ourinternalcontrolskeepusfrombehavinginwaysthatcauseconflict.Externalcontrolsincluderewardsandpunishments.Theydonotcomefromwithinbutareimplementedbyanauthority—thiscouldbethegovernment,thepolice,ateacherorparents,dependingonthesituation.Rewards,suchasjobpromotions,awards,andpraise,aredesignedtoencouragepeopletobehaveandactintheinterestofthewholecommunity.Punishments,suchaspublicembarrassment,fines,andevenimprisonmentcanpreventpeoplefromactingagainstthecommunity’sbestinterests.Peopleneedtheircommunitiestofunctionsmoothly.Becauseofthis,humansmostoftenbehaveinorderly,fair,andpredictableways.Iftherewerenorules,themajorityofpeoplewouldprobablycontinuetointeractpositively.However,therewouldalwaysbeaminoritywhowouldnot,withseriousconsequences.Thisiswhyasocietywithoutrulesisunlikelytobecomearealityanytimesoon—atleastnotintherealworld.(390words)1．Whydowehaverulesandfollowthem?2．Howdosocialcontrolsinfluenceourbehavior?3．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenchangeitandexplainwhy.Ourinternalcontrolcomesfromrewardsandpunishmentsfromanauthoritylikeourschool.4．Ifyoucouldchangearuleatyourschool/home/community,whichonewouldyouliketochange?Why?(Inabout40words)一、（2023·天津河?xùn)|·統(tǒng)考一模）WhenIwaseightornineyearsold,Iwrotemyfirstpoem.Mymotherreadthelittlepoemandbegantocry.“Buddy,youdidn’treallywritethisbeautiful,beautifulpoem!”Shyly,proud-bursting,IstammeredthatIhad.Shepouredoutherpraise.Why,thispoemwasnothingshortofgenius!Iglowed.Ispentthebestpartofthatafternoonpreparingforthearrivalofmyfather.Buthedidnotreturnuntilanhourlatefordinner.“Ben,abeautifulthinghashappened,”mymotherbegan.“Buddyhaswrittenhisfirstpoem!Andit’sbeautiful,absolutelyamazing.”“Ifyoudon’tmind,I’dliketodecidethatformyself,”Fathersaid.Thatpoemwasonlytenlines.Butitseemedtotakehours.Icouldhearmyfatherbreathing.“Ithinkit’slousy,”myfathersaid.“Ben,thesearethefirstlinesofpoetryhe’severwritten,”mymotherwassaying.“Heneedsencouragement.”Theyquarreledoverit.Icouldn’tstanditanothersecond.Iranfromthedinningroombawling.UpinmyroomIthrewmyselfonthebedandsobbed.AfewyearslaterItookasecondlookatthatfirstpoem;itwasaprettylousypoem.Butitwasn’tuntilyearslaterthatthetruemeaningofthatpainful“firstpoem”experiencedawnedonme.AsIbecameaprofessionalwriter,itbecameclearerandclearertomehowfortunateIhadbeen.Ihadamotherwhosaid,“Buddy,didyoureallywritethis?Ithinkit’swonderful!”andafatherwhoshookhisheadnoanddrovemetotearswith“Ithinkit’slousy.”Awriter—infacteveryoneofusinlife—needsthatloving-motherforcefromwhichallcreationflows;andyetaloneitisincomplete,evenmisleading,finallydestructive,withoutthefatherforcetocaution,“Watch.Listen.Review.Improve.”1．HowdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedpartinParagraph2?(nomorethan8words)_________________________________________________________________2．Whydidthewriter’sparentsquarrelatdinner?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________________3．Whatdidthewriterthinkofhisfirstpoemwhenhegrewolder?(nomorethan8words)_________________________________________________________________4．Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?(nomorethan15words)_________________________________________________________________5．Whatkindofparentsdoyouneedinlife?(nomorethan20words)_________________________________________________________________二、（2023·天津和平·統(tǒng)考一模）LearningoutsideofaclassroommaystillbeanewthingformanypeoplebutnotforKamer·Meli·Veseli,who’scompletinghisfinalyearofhighschoolthatway.HisfamilymovedfromKosovotoSwitzerland,sohe’sdoinghiscourseworkremotelyandwilltakeabigtestwithallofhisteachersattheendoftheyear.It’stheidealarrangementforMelisinceitallowshimtomanagehisownscheduleandpursueotherinterestsinhisfreetime.That’swhereSparkandonlinelearningcomein.Melihasalwaysbeenaseriousgamer,buthe’snotjustlookingtohavefun.Helikesexaminingthetechnologybehindhisfavoritegamesandiscurioustounderstandhowdeveloperscreatethegraphics,textures,andspecialeffects.HereallywantedtomakehisowngamesandactuallydiddevelopacoupleonAndroidbutwasn’tsatisfiedwiththeresults.Searchingforonlinecoursesthatcouldtakehisgametothenextlevel,hefoundSpark,anditwas“oneofthehappiestdaysofmylife.”Butgamingisn’ttheextentofMeli’sinterests.He’salsoahopefulsingerwho’dalwayslackedtheconfidencetosinginpublic.ThenhetookcoursesonSparkanddiscoveredexercisesthatcouldhelphimloosenandrelaxhisthroatandreleasehisvoice“10timesbetterin10minutes.”NowheplansforSwitzerland’sversionoftheTVshow“TheVoice”in2016!WithSparkcourses,Meli’salsobrushinguponhisdrawingskills,whichhepickedupinhischildhood.Hefinallycreatedaperfectportraitofhisolderbrother.WhereverMeli’sdreamstakehim,heknowshe’llbeabletofindrelevantcoursesonSpark:“Thevarietyisunlimited—somanylanguages,allkindsofsoftware,eventhingslikemeditationandculturallessons.Whateveryouwanttolearn,you’llfinditonSpark.”6．Accordingtothefirstparagraph,howdoesSparkinfluenceMeli’slife?(nomorethan10words)________________7．WhendidMelifindSpark?(nomorethan15words)________________8．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasemeaninparagraph3?(nomorethan1word)________________9．Whatdoesthefourthparagraphmainlytalkabout?(nomorethan15words)________________10．Whatdoyouthinkofonlinelearning?Giveyourreason.(nomorethan20words)________________三、（2022·天津南開·統(tǒng)考一模）Whywouldhumanbeingswasteathirdoftheirlivessleepingwhentheycouldbedoingmoreimportantthingslikelookingaftertheirfamiliesorworking?Somescientistsbelievesleepinghelpsrechargethebody.whileothersthinkitisimportantforstrengtheningnewlyformedmemories.Now,thereisnewevidencewhichsuggeststhatthepurposeofsleepmaybetoforgetsomeofthemillionsofnewthingswelearneachday.Theneuronsinthehumanbrainconsistoffiberscalleddendrites(樹突).Thesegrowaswelearnnewthingsandconnectthebrain’scellstoeachotheratcontactpointscalledsynapses(突觸).Thelargerthedendritesbecomeandthemorecellstheyconnect,themoreinformationwestore.In2018.GiulioTononiandChiaraCirelli,bothbiologistsattheUniversityofWisconsinMadison,suggestedanewidea:Thethingsourbrainslearneachdayresultinsomanysynapsesthatthingsstarttogetalittlemessy.Sleepingallowsustosortthrough(整理)the“noise”anddispensealltheunnecessaryinformation.leavingbehindonlythemostimportantmemories.Recently,theuniversity’sresearchhasprovideddirectevidencetosupportthetheory.Theexperimentinvolvedanalyzing6.920synapsesinthebrainshavingsfromtwogroupsofmiceoverafour-yearperiod:onegrouphadbeenallowedtosleep,whiletheotherhadbeenkeptawakeandentertainedwithtoys.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatthebrainshavingsofthesleepingmicehadnearly20percentfewersynapsesthanthosethathadbeenkeptawakeandentertained.Itwasalsoevidentduringthestudythatthebraindoesnotshaveeverysynapse.20%ofneuronsremainedunchanged:theseweremostlikelywellestablishedmemories.Therefore.althoughwemaybesleepingtoforgetsomeofwhatwe’velearned,thebrain“forgets”inasmartway.Mostresearchersbelieveclearingourbrainsisnottheonlypurposeofsleep.Restingourmindsandbodieshasalsobeenfoundtohelpwithotherbiologicalfunctionslikestrengtheningourimmunity.Thoughscientistsmayneveragreeonasinglereason.theyareallsureofonething—agoodnight’srestisessentialforourhealth.Sotryandspendatleastathirdofyourdaysleeping!11．What’sthepurposeofsleepingaccordingtothenewdiscovery?(nomorethan15words)_________________________________________________________12．What’sthemainideaofParagraph2?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dispense”inParagraph3probablymean?(nomorethan5words)_________________________________________________________14．Whatagreementdoallthescientistsprobablyreachaboutsleepingaccordingtothetext?(nomorethan10words)_________________________________________________________15．Doyouthinkagoodnight’ssleepwillbenefityournext-daystudy?Pleaseexplaininyourownwords.(nomorethan20words)_________________________________________________________四、（2023·北京·一模）Oneofthebasicexpectationsthepublichaveofdoctorsishonesty.ButwhatwouldyouthinkifItoldyouthatresearchhasshownthat70percentofdoctorsadmittedtolyingtotheirpatients?Itisinexcusable,surely?Extremelyunprofessionalanduncaring;aclearbreakofthedoctor-patientrelationship.Someoftheliestoldincludedreassuringpatientsthattheirwivesorhusbandswerestillalive,wheninfacttheyweredead.Thisseemsunimaginablebut,ifIamhonest,Ihavetoldexactlythesamelietoseveralpatientswhosespouseshaddied.Mrs.Waltonwasinhereightiesanddesperatetoseeherhusband.She’dbeeninhospitalafterafallandwasinpain.Shecalledoutforhimfrequentlyandcouldn’tunderstandwhyhewasn’ttheretocomforther.Shewasbecomingmoreandmoredistressedandwouldtrytogetuptofindhim,despitebeingatriskoffallingagain.“He’sonhisway,don’tworry,”thenurseswouldsayandthiswouldcalmherdown.IconfessIsaidthesamethingtoher.She’dsmileandrollhereyesandsayhowhewasalwayslateforthingsandtellthesamestoryabouthimbeinglatefortheirweddingnearly60yearsago.Buthewasn’tonhisway.Itwasalie.He’ddiedtwoyearsago.Thetruth,ifIcanusethatword,isthatitisakindnesstoliesometimes.Partofthenaturalhistoryofmanyofthedementias,inparticularAlzheimer’sdiseasewhichiswhatMrs.Waltonhad,isthatthesuffererlosestheirshort-termmemoryandthememoryofrecentevents,butretainsmemoriesfromthedistantpast.Sufferersaretrappedforeverinabewilderingpastthatmanyrealisebareslittleconnectiontothepresent,butareatalosstoexplain.ItisverydistressingandtormentingandmanyofthebehaviouraldifficultiesthatIhaveencounteredinthosewithdementiarelatetothemfeelingupset,scaredandconfusedthattheyareinastrangeplace,surroundedbystrangepeople,evenwhentheyareintheirownhomessurroundedbytheirfamily,becausetheyhavereturnedbacktodecadesago.Theylookattheiradultchildrenconfusedandwonderwhotheycouldbebecausetheythinktheirchildrenarestilltoddlers.Howdoesonedealwiththis?Ihavehadcountlessfamiliesbreakdownintearsinoutpatientclinicsoronwards,notknowingwhattosayorhowtoreactastheirlovedonemovesfurtherandfurtherawayfromthembackintotheirdistantpastandtheyareleftbehindinthepresent.Andhow,asthedoctorornursecaringforthesepatients,doesonemanagetheangerandoutburstsofdistressthatcomeswithhavingnoknowledgeofyourlifeforthepast10or20years?Theliesthatdoctors,nurses,carersandfamiliestellthesepatientsarenotbig,elaboratelies—theyarebriefreassurancesintendedtocalmandallowthesubjecttobeswiftlychanged.Colluding(串通)withthemaboutthisfalserealitytheyfindthemselvesflungintoisnotheartlessorunprofessional—itis,whendoneintherightway,kindandtender-hearted.That’snottosaythatlyingtopatientswithdementiaunnecessarilyisrightordefensibleorthattherearenottimeswhenofcoursetheyhavetherighttoknowthetruth.Butwhatcompassionatepersonwouldputanotherhumanbeingthroughtheunimaginablepainoflearning,forthefirsttimeagainandagain,repeatedlythroughouttheday,thattheirbelovedonehasdied.Itwouldbeanunthinkablecruelness.Sometimes,surely,honestyissimplynotthebestpolicy.16．Writeatitleforthisarticle.17．Whydopeoplewithdementiafeelupset,scared,andconfusedevenwhentheyareintheirownhomessurroundedbytheirfamily?18．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thepublicexpectdoctorstobehonestwiththeirpatientsandtheauthoralsobelievesthatitisheartlessandunprofessionaltolietopatients.19．Theauthorsayssometimes,surely,honestyissimplynotthebestpolicy.Doyouagreeordisagree?Why?(Inabout40words)五、（2022·北京房山·統(tǒng)考二模）Isitpossibletoimproveyourbrainfunction?Theansweris“yes”.Informationinyourbrainiscollected,storedandrecalledbyneuralpathways.Thesepathwaysareresponsibleforyourabilitiestosolveproblems,rememberfamiliarfacesandtasks,withoutpayingatonofefforts.Millionsoftheseneuralpathwaysbegindevelopingfromthetimewhenyouaregrowingintoababy.Tokeepourmemoryhealthy,weneedtocreatenewpathwayscontinually.Asweage,ourlifestylesoftenchange,stoppingthosepathwaysfrombeingdeveloped.Twofrequentchangesareadecreaseinexerciseandlessattentiontoourdiet,whichhaveanegativeeffectonourbrainandmemory.Ourbrainrequiresconsistentstimulation,regardlessofourage,andlookingforwaystoexcitetheproductionofnewpathwaysiscritical.Justlikeyourphysicalmusclesneedtobeusedindifferentwaystomakethemstronger,ourbrainneedschangetohelpchallengeitsabilities.Onesimplewaytostimulatetheproductionofnewpathwaysistryingsomethingnew.Challengeyourbrainwithpuzzles,anewlanguageorlearninghowtoplayaninstrument.Anythingdifferentandnewcanstimulateyourbrainandmemory.Thebestactivitiesaretheonesoutsideofyourcomfortzone.Theypushyouasyoudevelopnewneuralpathways.Theeffortinvolvedinlearningandcommittingtomemoryanewskill,withnewtermsandlanguage,isagreatwaytoexerciseyourbrain.Anotherwaytostimulatetheproductionofnewpathwaysisdoingexercise.Whenyouexerciseyourbody,youarealsoworkingoutyourmind,becauseregularactivityhelpstoimprovethechemicalsinyourbrainandtoprotectbraincells.20．Accordingtothepassage,whatcannegativelyaffectourbrainandmemory?21．Whyarethebestactivitiestheonesoutsideofyourcomfortzone?22．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.Thetwowaysmentionedinthepassagetohelpcreatenewpathwaysaretryingsomethingnewandexercisingyourbrainbychallengingyourbrainwithdifferenttasks.23．Whatelsecanyoudotoimproveyourbrainfunction?(Inabout40words)一、（2022·天津·高考真題）Itwasadarkandstormynight.Theferociouswindshookthewindowswildly,asthoughsomeoneoutsidewerebeatingontheglass.ItwasalsoNewYear’sEve.Wewerehavingourannualpartyandhadahousefullofpeoplejuststartingtocelebrate.Suddenly,weheardloudexplosions.Lookingoutsideandupintothehills,wesawsparks(火花)flyingfromelectricaltransformers(變壓器).Oneareaafteranotherwentdarkupinthosehills.Thentherewastheloudestexplosionofthemallandourhousewentdarktoo.Itriedtofindeverycandlewehadandlitthem.Thecandlesmadeeverythinglooklovely.Butwehadproblems.Wehadfifteenpeoplestandingaroundandwestillhadtocookdinner.Howwouldwedothatwithoutelectricity?Thebarbecue!Whynotcookonthebarbecue?Wemenwentoutside,someholdingflashlightsandotherscooking.Wedidawonderfuljob.Thewomenstayedinsideandgotthesaladsready.Everythingwasdelicious.Therewerestillafewhourstogobeforethebeginningofthenewyear,soweallsataroundthediningroomtableandsangupuntilafewminutesbeforemidnight.Wecouldn’twatchtheballdropinTimesSquareontelevisionbutthatwouldn’tstopusfromcelebrating.Istoodonachairand,withthehelpofsomeone’swatchtotellusthetime,weallcounteddownandIdroppedatennisball!WeallscreamedHappyNewYear.Wedidn’tneedelectricityforthat!Nowadays,westillgettogetherwiththesamegrouptocelebratetheNewYearandwestilltalkaboutthatspecialnight.Idon’tthinkwehaveeverlaughedsomuchaswedidonthatNewYear’sEve.1．WhatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninParagraph1?(1word)____________________________________________________________2．WhatmadedinnerpreparationdifficultaccordingtoParagraph2?(nomorethan6words)____________________________________________________________3．HowdidthepeoplecelebrateonNewYear’sEveaccordingtothepassage?(nomorethan10words)____________________________________________________________4．HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthatparticularNewYear’sEve?(nomorethan8words)____________________________________________________________5．Whatdoyouthinkisthemostnecessaryqualitywhendealingwithanunexpecteddifficultsituation?Pleaseexplainwhy.(nomorethan25words)____________________________________________________________二、（2022·北京·高考真題）Tom,a15-year-oldinventorandentrepreneur(創(chuàng)業(yè)者),witnessedathisownschoolthewidespreadconsumptionofsugarydrinksbykids.Heknewtherehadtobeabetterportabledrinksolutionanddecidedtoinnovatefromsomethinghesawinhisownhome:fruitinfused(浸泡)water.Tomwatchedhismummakehealthyfruitinfusionsbutthenstruggleforatake-alongoption.Fromobservinghismumandfromhisdesiretogivekidsbetterdrinkoptions,hecameupwithhisoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle.“Iwantedtocomeupwithahealthy,naturalwayforpeopletodrinkwhenonthego.Abigpartofmymissionistogetpeopleofallagesoffsugarydrinks,”Tomexplains.Thebottleismadewithastrainer(濾網(wǎng))thatallowsthegreattastesandnaturalsugarsofthevariousfruitsandvegetablesyouchoosetocomethroughthewater,withoutanyoftheseedsorskinsflowingthrough.TomisproudofhisdesignandexcitedtobesellingtheFunBottleonhiswebsiteandinstores,butthis15-year-oldismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothers.Ithelpstoprovidehealthyalternativestosugarydrinks;andalsoTomdonatespartoftheprofitstotheOrganisationforaHealthierGeneration(OHG).Tomhasbeenawardedseveralprizes,butthisteenageinnovatorremainshumble.Whenaskedwhatadvicehe’dgiveotherentrepreneurialyouth,hesays,“Prepareandhaveyourfamily’ssupport.Itisimportanttoknowfromthebeginningthattherearealotofhighsandlows,andthereisnosuchthingasovernightsuccess.”6．WhatdidTomwitnessathisownschool?7．WheredidTomgettheideafortheoriginalmodelfortheFunBottle?8．Pleasedecidewhichpartisfalseinthefollowingstatement,thenunderlineitandexplainwhy.TomismostproudoftheopportunitiesthatFunBottlepresentstoothersbecausehenotonlyprovideshealthyalternativestosugarydrinksbutalsodonatesalltheprofitstotheOHG.9．AmongTom’squalities,whichone(s)doyouthinkwillbeimportantforus?Why?(Inabout40words)三、（2021·天津·高考真題）Mostofusassociatelearningwithyoungerpeople—kidsinschoolandcollegeorrecentgraduatesearlyintheircareers.ButatUdemy,anopenuniversityofferingonlinecourses,ArtistAnnekeCamstraisengagedinthepursuitoflifelonglearninganddisplaysherpotentialforteaching.Shelovestheexperienceofgainingnewknowledgeandalsolovessharingitwithothers.“I’mretired,butanartistneverretires,”Annekesaid.“Thelastfewyearsontheinternethavebeenagreatjoyforme.I’vetakensomanyUdemycourses,andifssuchagreatfeelingtogetmybrainworkingagain.Ifindjustasmuchsatisfactioninteachinganimation(動畫制作)too.”Shereachescountlesspeoplewithheronlinecoursesandexposesthemtowhattheycanaccomplishontheirownusinganimationsoftware,suchasGoAnimateandPowToon.HermotivationforteachingonUdemyis“togetthetoolstothepeople.”“Youcangosuchalongwaytomakethingsthatlookprofessionalbutstillhaveyourownvoice,”sheexplained.MostofAnneke’sstudentsstartoutthinkingthey’renotcreativeandcan’tdraw.Annekeunderstandshowfearcangetinthewayofsomanythingspeopledreamofdoing.Withherfive-daychallengecourses,shehelpsthemgetoverthefear.Annekelovestheimpactshehasonherstudents.Whatmakeshermoreproudofthemisthattheyhavegonefromtheirfirstanimationtocreatingtheirownworks.Sheencouragespeopleofallages,especiallyolderpeople,tocultivatetheircuriosityforlife.Grandparents,forexample,canlearntouseGoAnimateandmakeanimationstogetherwiththeirgrandkids.“Tmanolderwoman,teachingandhavingfunlearningagain,”Annekesaid,andshewantsotherslaterintheirlivestocatchupwithheronthisjourney.10．WhatdoesAnnekeenjoydoingafterherretirement?(nomorethan10words)11．AccordingtoPara.2,whatdoesAnnekeexpectherstudentstodowithanimationsoftware?(nomorethan10words)12．WhatisthemainideaofPara.3?(nomorethan15words)13．PleaseexplainthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinPara.4(1word)14．Whatdoyousuggestoldpeoplelearntodo?Pleasegiveyourreason(s).(nomorethan20words)四、（2021·北京·高考真題）Recentresearchsuggeststhatifanargumentgetsresolved，theemotionalresponsetiedtoitissignificantlyreducedoralmostcompletelyerased．Thus，itmaybeworthbringingupissueswithyourfriends，family