北京市第一零一中學(xué)2024~2025學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期統(tǒng)練四英語(yǔ)試題 含解析

北京市第一0一中學(xué)2024-2025學(xué)年度統(tǒng)練4高三英語(yǔ)2024-10-15第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題，每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.Sowhenshewasaskedtofeedcarrotstothereddish-brownhorsenamedCharlieonasummerSaturday,sheapproached____1____,unsureofherselfattimes,turningaroundtoagroupofchildrenwaitingfortheirturntofeedhim.Oliviaeventuallymadeittothehorse’smouthandCharlielicked(舔)herhandsasshe____2____himhisfavoritetreat.Oliviawasamused.“That’swhatIcalla(an)____3____,”saidSabrina,asocialworkerwhohasteamedupwiththecommunityorganizationAlkebu-lanVillagetohelpchildrenovercometheirproblemsandkeepthemonpathsto____4____.“I’mexcited,”O(jiān)liviasaidsmiling.“Ilovepettinghim.”Theprogram“StopHorsingAround”atAlkebu-lanVillagewaslaunchedthissummerwithoveradozenkidssigningup.Theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses____5____eventuallytheygotachancetoridethem.By____6____theprogram’shorseswithSabrina’shelpandforming____7____withthem,childrenbecomemoreself-awareandthenbegintorecognizeandfacenegativefeelingsandbehaviors,whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothersandleadtosignificantpositivechangestotheir____8____skills,self-worthandbehaviorissues.SabrinafirsttaughtthechildrenthatCharlieneededtobecome____9____withthembysmellingtheirhands.OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.Their____10____consistentlyturnedintosmiles,laughterandexcitement.1.A.happily B.calmly C.slowly D.directly2.A.fed B.left C.made D.threw3.A.award B.exchange C.negotiation D.breakthrough4.A.fame B.success C.responsibility D.freedom5.A.before B.after C.as D.though6.A.takingover B.walkingwith C.caringfor D.respondingto7.A.routines B.bonds C.judgements D.ideas8.A.technical B.survival C.organizational D.social9.A.popular B.familiar C.satisfied D.patient10.A.resistance B.disappointment C.misunderstanding D.hesitation【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B5.A6.C7.B8.D9.B10.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。本文介紹了一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，旨在讓那些害羞的孩子通過(guò)與馬建立聯(lián)系，逐漸變得自信開(kāi)朗?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：所以，當(dāng)她在一個(gè)夏天的周六被要求喂紅褐色的馬查理胡蘿卜時(shí)，她慢慢地走近，有時(shí)不自信，轉(zhuǎn)向一群等著喂它的孩子。A.happily高興地；B.calmly平靜地；C.slowly緩慢地；D.directly直接地。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Olivia,9,wasshyatfirst.She’dneverbeenonahorsebefore.(9歲的奧利維亞一開(kāi)始很害羞。她以前從未騎過(guò)馬。)”可知她很害羞，所以當(dāng)她被要求喂馬時(shí)，她應(yīng)該是緩慢地靠近。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：奧利維亞最終把胡蘿卜放到了馬口，查理舔了舔她的手，她喂了他最喜歡的食物。A.fed喂；B.left離開(kāi)；C.made做；D.threw扔。通過(guò)上文可知她不敢喂馬到最終把食物喂到了馬的嘴里。當(dāng)她把食物喂到馬的嘴里時(shí)，查理舔了舔她的手。故選A項(xiàng)。3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“這就是我所說(shuō)的突破，”薩布麗娜說(shuō)，她是一名社會(huì)工作者，與社區(qū)組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問(wèn)題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A.award獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)；B.exchange交流；C.negotiation談判；D.breakthrough突破。根據(jù)上文Oliver由開(kāi)始的害羞不敢喂馬，到最后把食物喂到馬的嘴里，這是一種突破。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“就是我所說(shuō)的突破，”薩布麗娜說(shuō)，她是一名社會(huì)工作者，與社區(qū)組織阿爾克布蘭村合作，幫助孩子們克服他們的問(wèn)題，讓他們走上成功的道路。A.fame名聲；B.success成功；C.responsibility責(zé)任；D.freedom自由。這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是幫助孩子突破自我走上成功的道路。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：他們學(xué)會(huì)了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬，最后才有機(jī)會(huì)騎上它們。A.before在……之前；B.after在……之后；C.as當(dāng)……時(shí)候/因?yàn)?；D.though雖然。根據(jù)句意可知，在他們騎馬之前需要學(xué)會(huì)接近馬，喂馬和刷馬等。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：通過(guò)在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項(xiàng)目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識(shí)，然后開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)和面對(duì)消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價(jià)值和行為問(wèn)題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A.takeover接管；B.walkwith與……同行；C.carefor照顧/關(guān)心；D.respondto回應(yīng)。通過(guò)前文“theyweretaughthowtoapproach,feed,brush,andmountthehorses(他們學(xué)會(huì)了如何接近、喂馬、刷馬和上馬)”可知，孩子們通過(guò)照顧馬和馬建立聯(lián)系。故選C項(xiàng)。【7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項(xiàng)目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識(shí)，然后開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)和面對(duì)消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價(jià)值和行為問(wèn)題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A.routines常規(guī)；B.bonds聯(lián)系；C.judgements判斷；D.ideas主意。根據(jù)句意，孩子們通過(guò)照顧馬與馬建立聯(lián)系。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：通過(guò)在Sabrina的幫助下照顧項(xiàng)目中的馬，并與它們建立聯(lián)系，孩子們變得更有自我意識(shí)，然后開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)和面對(duì)消極的感受和行為，這可以幫助他們與他人溝通，并導(dǎo)致他們的社交技能、自我價(jià)值和行為問(wèn)題發(fā)生重大的積極變化。A.technical技術(shù)的；B.survival幸存的；C.organizational組織的；D.social社會(huì)的；社交的。根據(jù)本句“whichcanhelpthemcommunicatewithothers(這能幫助孩子與他人溝通)，表明孩子們的社交技能將會(huì)發(fā)生積極變化。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sabrina首先教孩子們，查理需要通過(guò)聞他們的手來(lái)熟悉他們。A.popular流行的；B.familiar熟悉的；C.satisfied感到滿意的；D.patient有耐心的。根據(jù)下一句“OnceCharliewascomfortable,thekidslearnedhowtopethisfaceandhead,andthenhowtousetheleadrope,cleanupCharlie’smesses,andfeedhimcarrots.(一旦查理舒服了，孩子們就學(xué)會(huì)了如何撫摸他的臉和頭，然后學(xué)會(huì)了如何使用牽繩，收拾查理的爛攤子，給他喂胡蘿卜。)”可知，查理一開(kāi)始是先從聞手上的氣味開(kāi)始熟悉孩子們。一旦熟悉了，孩子們就可以撫摸他們的臉和頭。故選B項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們的猶豫相符地變成了微笑、笑聲和興奮。A.resistance抗拒；B.disappointment失望；C.misunderstanding誤解；D.hesitation猶豫。由最后一段“Oliviawasn’ttheonlykidwhowasnervousandshyatthebeginning.ButultimatelyOliviaalsowasn’ttheonlykidtoleavemoreconfident.(奧利維亞并不是唯一一個(gè)一開(kāi)始就緊張害羞的孩子。但最終奧利維亞也不是唯一一個(gè)離開(kāi)時(shí)更加自信的孩子。)可知，孩子們由一開(kāi)始的猶豫最后轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榱俗孕藕臀⑿?。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空(共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。ToomuchTV-watchingcanharmchildren’sabilitytolearn,newstudiessuggestinthelatestefforttoexaminetheeffectsoftelevisiononchildren.Oneofthestudieslookedatnearly400northernCaliforniathird-graders.ThosewithTVsintheirbedroomsscoredabouteightpoints___11___(low)onmathandlanguageartsteststhanchildren___12___bedroomTVs.Asecondstudy,___13___(look)atnearly1,000grown-upsinNewZealand,foundpoorereducationlevelsamong26-year-oldswho___14___(watch)lotsofTVduringchildhood.【答案】11.lower12.without13.looking14.hadwatched##watched【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示：過(guò)度看電視會(huì)對(duì)兒童的學(xué)習(xí)能力造成損害?！?1題詳解】考查比較級(jí)。句意：臥室里有電視的孩子在數(shù)學(xué)和語(yǔ)言藝術(shù)測(cè)試中的得分比臥室里沒(méi)有電視的孩子低8分左右。根據(jù)空后的“than”可知，此處使用形容詞low的比較級(jí)。故填lower?！?2題詳解】考查介詞。句意：同上。根據(jù)前文的withTvs可知，此處表示“臥室內(nèi)沒(méi)有電視的孩子們”。故填without?！?3題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：另一項(xiàng)研究對(duì)新西蘭近1000名成年人進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，發(fā)現(xiàn)在童年時(shí)期看了很多電視的26歲人群中，受教育程度較低。句中found為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此處asecondstudy與look之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在分詞looking作定語(yǔ)。故填looking。【14題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：同上。設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)前文的found可知句子表述過(guò)去事實(shí)，故使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)即用watched；或者可以表示設(shè)空處動(dòng)作發(fā)生在found之間，即使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，用hadwatched。故填hadwatched/watched。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。First___15___(create)bySterlingMortonin1872,TreePlantingDaywassetinordertoinspirepeople’spassionsforplantingandprotectingtrees,andtoprotectandimprovethenaturalenvironment___16___peopledependonfortheirliving.InFebruary,1979,the5thNationalPeople’sCongressofPeople’sRepublicofChinamadearesolutionthatMarch12hwouldbetakenasChineseTreePlantingDay.Sincethen,about50billiontrees___17___(plant)alloverChina.【答案】15.created16.which##that17.havebeenplanted【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文主要講述了植樹(shù)節(jié)的起源、意義以及在中國(guó)的發(fā)展情況。【15題詳解】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：植樹(shù)節(jié)于1872年由斯特林·莫頓（SterlingMorton）首創(chuàng)，旨在激發(fā)人們種樹(shù)和保護(hù)樹(shù)木的熱情，保護(hù)和改善人們賴以生存的自然環(huán)境。句中wasset為謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空處使用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，此處TreePlantingDay與create之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)。故填created?！?6題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：同上。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作on的賓語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞environment，為物用which或者that。故填which或者that?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：從那時(shí)起，中國(guó)各地種植了大約500億棵樹(shù)。句中sincethen為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志，同時(shí)主語(yǔ)50billiontrees與plant之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填havebeenplanted。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Thedinnerpartyisunderthreat,announcedarecentlifestylecolumninTheTimes.Youmightwonder,“Howcanthisbe?Don’twethrowpartiesforfriendsonspecialoccasions?”But___18___TheTimesworriesaboutisanotherkindofdisappearing.Itisusuallyhostedinone’shome.Invitations___19___(send)outweeksinadvanceandthehostspreparefood___20___(careful).Yetnowadays,peopleprefertoeattakeoutfoodontheirsofawhilejugglingamobilephoneandaremotecontrol.【答案】18.what19.aresent20.carefully【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了《泰晤士報(bào)》最近的一篇生活方式專欄的文章：現(xiàn)代生活中晚餐聚會(huì)逐漸消失的現(xiàn)象?！?8題詳解】考查名詞性從句。句意：但是《泰晤士報(bào)》所擔(dān)心的是另一種消失。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)，指代“擔(dān)心的事”用what。故填what?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：邀請(qǐng)函會(huì)提前幾周發(fā)出，主人會(huì)精心準(zhǔn)備食物。設(shè)空處使用動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，根據(jù)后文的prepare可知，設(shè)空處使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。同時(shí)invitations與send之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，主語(yǔ)invitations為復(fù)數(shù)。故填aresent?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：同上。句中使用careful的副詞修飾從此prepare作狀語(yǔ)。故填carefully。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題；每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAgadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbecomethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcanproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassover,astheamountofwaterwhichiscontainedintheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitseco-development,themachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreelights.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Sopeoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.”Themachine,whichisabout3feetwide,islikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.Itsmaker,CanadianFirmElementFour,roughlycalculatesthataliterofwatercostsaround20ptoproduce.Environmentalistsstatethathalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfiveissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinking.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswheretheamountofwatercontainedintheairisbelowabout30percent,butinBritainthatwon'tbemuchofaproblem.21.WhowouldbemostlikelyinneedofTheWaterMill?A.Ahouseholdwithhighelectricitybill.B.Residentsinanareawithfrequentstorms.C.Apersonwhohasaccesstowaterforfree.D.Someonewholacksenoughdrinkingwater.22.Whatdowelearnaboutthemachine?A.Itabsorbssteamandturnsitintowater.B.Itisveryexpensiveforfamiliestoafford.C.Itworksinthesamewayasmicrowaves.D.Ithelpstomakethewatercleantodrink.23.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoSolveWaterProblemBADehumidifiertoProduceWaterC.AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAirD.AnAbsolutelyNewInvention【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了一款名為WaterMill的創(chuàng)新裝置，該裝置利用類似于除濕器的技術(shù)從空氣中提取飲用水。它不僅為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，還為數(shù)百萬(wàn)面臨日常水資源短缺的人們提供了解決方案。【21題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Thecompanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolution

forthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.(制造這臺(tái)機(jī)器的公司表示，它不僅為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，而且為數(shù)百萬(wàn)每天面臨缺水的人提供了解決方案。)”可知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器不僅為發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供了瓶裝水的替代品，而且為數(shù)百萬(wàn)每天面臨水資源短缺的人們提供了解決方案。因此，最有可能需要WaterMill的是那些缺乏足夠飲用水的人。故選D。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第四段中“Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilterandoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.

(這臺(tái)機(jī)器的工作原理是通過(guò)過(guò)濾器吸入濕空氣，并通過(guò)冷卻裝置將其轉(zhuǎn)化為水滴。)”可知，此處描述了機(jī)器的工作原理，這意味著機(jī)器通過(guò)吸入濕空氣，經(jīng)過(guò)過(guò)濾器和冷卻裝置，將其轉(zhuǎn)化為水滴，即吸收了水蒸氣并轉(zhuǎn)化為水。故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.(利用與除濕器相同的技術(shù)，水磨可以從無(wú)限的資源——空氣中——源源不斷地產(chǎn)生飲用水。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了一種能從空氣中制造飲用水的裝置WaterMill，因此最適合的標(biāo)題是描述這個(gè)裝置的功能或特點(diǎn)的。C選項(xiàng)“AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAir(一種能從空氣中制造水的機(jī)器)”直接概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選C。BTwo-ManIronmanOnSept.17,2022,Jeffandhisson,Johnny,setouttobeginthefirstofthreelegsoftheIronmancompetition,wherecompetitorsmustcompletea140milesofswimming,bicyclingandrunninginunder17hours.Notthatlongago,Johnnycouldbarelywalkafewstepsbecausehewasbornwithcerebralpalsy(腦癱).Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.FromthedayJohnnywasborn,Jeffrefusedtolethisson’sdisabilityholdhimback.DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.Soon,theywereentering5Kraces,thenontoIronmancompetition.JeffwouldactasJohnny’sarmsandlegs,carryingtheweightofhissonthroughouttherace.Theracebeganwitha2.4-mileswim.SettlingJohnnyintoakayak,Jeffeasedhimselfintothewater.Swimmingwhiledragginganotherpersonwasverytough.Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.ButatMile19,Johnnysawtheclocktickingdownandworriedtheywouldn’tmakethecutoff.Despitethetiredness,Jeffwasconvincedtheyweregoingallrightandthenpickedupthepace.Withminutesleftand200feettothefinishline,JeffstoppedtohelpJohnnyoutofhisracingchairandhandedhimhisrollingwalker.Afteryearsofpainstakingwork,Johnnywasdeterminedtofinishhisracesonhisown.After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”24.WhydidJeffleadJohnnytorunning?A.TogetclosertoJohnny. B.TofulfillJohnny’sdream.C.TodiscoverJohnny’sinterest. D.TospeedupJohnny’srecovery.25.WhatchallengedJeffmostintheswimmingrace?ALackofenergy. B.Painfrominjuries.C.Mentaltiredness. D.Bodyweightchange.26.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeJohnnyaccordingtothepassage?A.Strong-willedandgrateful. B.Warm-heartedandsensitive.C.Patientandgenerous. D.Toughandhumorous.27.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytellus?A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords. B.Fathersarenotborn;theyaremade.C.Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice. D.Successcomesfromfailuresalongthejourney.【答案】24.B25.B26.A27.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了父親杰夫?yàn)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)患腦癱的兒子約翰尼成為跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想，每天陪著約翰尼練習(xí)，并一起參加比賽，在通過(guò)終點(diǎn)線時(shí)，杰夫默默站在一邊，因?yàn)樗Ｍ@一刻的榮譽(yù)只屬于兒子約翰尼。文章體現(xiàn)了以為父親無(wú)私的愛(ài)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Buthisdreamofbeingarunnerneverstopped.(但他成為一名跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想從未停止過(guò))”和第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.(為了讓約翰尼知道他可以追求成為運(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想，杰夫幫助他參加跑步。他們開(kāi)始在凌晨4點(diǎn)起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子。每天早上，他們迫使自己跑得越來(lái)越快)”可知，杰夫領(lǐng)著約翰尼跑步是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)約翰尼成為跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想。故選B?！?5題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Butworstofall,Jeffhadtostrugglewithjellyfish.“IoccupiedmymindbycountingthenumberoftimesIgotstung(蟄),”hesays.(但最糟糕的是，杰夫不得不與水母搏斗。他說(shuō)：“我滿腦子都是被蜇的次數(shù)?！?”可知，在游泳比賽中，被水母蜇的疼痛對(duì)杰夫來(lái)說(shuō)最具挑戰(zhàn)性。故選B。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.(他們開(kāi)始在凌晨4點(diǎn)起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子)”，倒數(shù)第三段中“Afterthetwomencompletedthetoughbikesectioninroughlyninehours,theysettheirsightsonthefinallegoftherace—a26.2-milemarathon.They’dbeencompetingfor10.5hours,leavinganother6.5hourstomaketheirtime.(在兩個(gè)人用了大約9個(gè)小時(shí)完成了艱難的自行車賽段后，他們把目光投向了比賽的最后一段——26.2英里的馬拉松賽。他們已經(jīng)比賽了10.5個(gè)小時(shí)，還剩下6.5個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“After16hours,55minutesand35seconds,thefatherandsoncrossedthefinishlinetogether.(16小時(shí)55分35秒后，父子倆一起沖過(guò)了終點(diǎn)線)”可知，約翰尼每天堅(jiān)持訓(xùn)練，并參加完比賽的全程，因此他是意志堅(jiān)定的；根據(jù)最后一段中““Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”(“我父親不想要他的終點(diǎn)線時(shí)刻，”約翰尼說(shuō)，眼里含著淚水。“他希望它是我的?！?”可知，約翰尼看到父親的行為感動(dòng)到落淚，因此推知他對(duì)父親的付出是感激的。綜上，故選A?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，并根據(jù)第二段中“DeterminedtoshowJohnnythathecouldpursuehisdreamofbeinganathlete,Jeffhelpedhimengageinrunning.Theybeganwakingupat4a.m.soJeffcouldrunwhilepushinghissoninaspecialwheelchaircalledaracingchair.Everymorning,theydrovethemselvestorunincreasinglylongerdistances.(為了讓約翰尼知道他可以追求成為運(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想，杰夫幫助他參加跑步。他們開(kāi)始在凌晨4點(diǎn)起床，這樣杰夫就可以一邊跑步，一邊推著他坐在一種叫做比賽椅的特殊輪椅上的兒子。每天早上，他們迫使自己跑得越來(lái)越快)”和最后一段“AsthecrowdcheeredonanoverwhelmedJohnny,awearyJeffkeptalowprofle.“Myfatherdidn’twanthisfinishlinemoment,”saysJohnny,tearsineyes.“Hewantedittobemine.”(當(dāng)人群為開(kāi)心的約翰尼歡呼時(shí)，疲憊的杰夫卻保持著低調(diào)?！拔腋赣H不想要他的終點(diǎn)線時(shí)刻，”約翰尼說(shuō)，眼里含著淚水?！八Ｍ俏业摹！?”可知，文章主要講述了父親杰夫?yàn)榱藢?shí)現(xiàn)患腦癱的兒子約翰尼成為跑步運(yùn)動(dòng)員的夢(mèng)想，每天陪著約翰尼練習(xí)，并一起參加比賽，在通過(guò)終點(diǎn)線時(shí)，杰夫默默站在一邊，因?yàn)樗Ｍ@一刻的榮譽(yù)只屬于兒子約翰尼。文章體現(xiàn)了以為父親無(wú)私的愛(ài)。C項(xiàng)“Thevalueofalovingfatherhasnoprice.(慈愛(ài)的父親的價(jià)值是無(wú)價(jià)的)”可以概括本文主要內(nèi)容。故選C。COfthemorethan3,000speciesofmosquitoesintheworld,justasmallnumberspecializeinsuckinghumanblood.Howmosquitoestrackusdownsoeffectivelyisn’tcurrentlyknown,butitmatters,sincetheycarrydangerousdiseaseswhichmaycausedeath.“Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.Mosquitoesmostlychoosewhattobitebasedonodor(氣味).Knowinghowapotentiallydisease-carryingmosquitofindsaperson,whileignoringotherwarm-bloodedanimals,isakeyquestion.Butit’snoteasytoanswer,sinceanyanimalsmellismadeupofhundredsofchemicalsmixedtogetherinspecificpercentage.“Theactualchemicalsthatarefoundinhumanodorarebasicallythesameasthechemicalsfoundinanimalodor—it’sthepercentagesandtherelativelargeamountofthosesubstancesinhumanmixturesthat’sunique,”saidGauff.Toinvestigate,researchersdecidedtorecordneuralactivityinthebrainofmosquitoeswhileexposingthemtonaturalhumanandanimalodorsamples.Theycollectedodorsamplesfromabout40differentanimals.Whentheycomparedsomeofthosewiththe16humansamples,somethingjumpedout.Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.Commoninthenaturalworld,inhumans,decanalcomesfromanother,morecomplexsubstance.Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.Understandingwhatthemosquitoesaretargetingisonlypartofthestory;knowinghowtheydoitisalsoimportant.Toseeexactlyhowmosquitoesusethissense,scientistsusedgeneticallymodified(轉(zhuǎn)基因的)mosquitoessothattheycouldcutopenmosquitoes’headsandwatchneuronsfiringwhenthey’reexposedtohumanandanimalodors.Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.Howtokeepmosquitoes’decanalsignalfrombeingtransmittedwillbetheresearchteam’snextfocus.Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.28.What’sthefinalpurposeoftheresearchconductedbyGauff’steam?A.Tostudywhyonlycertainmosquitoessuckhumanblood.B.Toinvestigatetheneuralactivityinmosquitoes’brains.C.Tohelppreventdeadlydiseasescausedbymosquitoes.D.Totesttheeffectivenessofmosquitokillers.29.Towhichsubstance(s)wouldmosquitoesmostlybeattracted?A.Naturaloilfromhumanskin.B.Chemicalsintheenvironment.C.Decanalgeneratedinhumanblood.D.Remainsofdecomposedsapienicacid.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Mostmosquitoneuronsarenotinvolvedinrespondingtohumanodor.B.Geneticallymodifiedmosquitoesarenotsensitivetohumanodor.C.Furtherresearchwillfocusonodorsignalandneuralconnection.D.Chemicalsfoundinhumanandanimalodorsarequitedifferent.【答案】28.C29.D30.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了一隊(duì)研究人員想通過(guò)研究蚊子為什么叮咬某一類人，找到阻止它們叮咬人類的策略，預(yù)防文字叮咬引起的致命疾病。【28題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段““Infact,stoppingtheseannoyinginsectsintheirtrackscouldsaveuptohalfamillionliveslosttothosediseaseseachyear,”saidCarolynGauff,aprofessorofecologyandevolutionarybiologyatthePrincetonNeuroscienceInstitute.That’swhyGauff’steamwantstounderstandhowtheyfindandtargethumans.(普林斯頓神經(jīng)科學(xué)研究所的生態(tài)學(xué)和進(jìn)化生物學(xué)教授CarolynGauff說(shuō)：“事實(shí)上，阻止這些煩人的蚊子在它們的軌道上活動(dòng)，每年可以挽救多達(dá)50萬(wàn)人因這些疾病而喪生的生命?！边@就是為什么Gauff的團(tuán)隊(duì)想要了解蚊子如何發(fā)現(xiàn)和瞄準(zhǔn)人類的原因)”和最后一段中的“Gauffhopedtheircurrentworkcouldbeusedtomakemosquitokillersandattractantstopreventdisease.(Gauff希望他們目前的工作可以用于制造滅蚊劑和引誘劑，以預(yù)防疾病)”可知，Gauff最終是想幫助預(yù)防蚊子引起的致命疾病（救人性命）才進(jìn)行此項(xiàng)研究的。故選C項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第四段中的“Decanalisparticularlyrichinhumanskin.(癸醛在人體皮膚中特別豐富)”和“Whenonecomponentofourskin’snaturaloils,sapienicacid,breaksdown,decanalisleftover.Thisacidisonlyfoundinhumanbeings.It’swhatlikelyleadstothehighlevelsofdecanalthathelpthemosquitoessmelltheirwaytous.(當(dāng)我們皮膚的天然油脂中的一種成分——智人酸分解時(shí)，就會(huì)剩下癸酸。這種酸只存在于人身上。這很可能導(dǎo)致高水平的癸醛，幫助蚊子嗅到它們的氣味)”可知，癸酸是智人酸分解后的殘留物，蚊子通過(guò)癸醛（智人酸分解后的殘留物）找到人類，所以蚊子最喜歡癸醛（智人酸分解后的殘留物）。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段中的“Theresearchteamalreadyknewthatmosquitoeshaveabout60differenttypesofneuronsthatsenseodors,sowhentheylookedintheinsects’brains,theythoughttheymightseealotofactivity.Butitwassurprisinglyquiet,meaningthatthesignalwasperhapsquitesimple,downtojustacoupletypesofneurons.“Onetypeofneuronrespondedreallystronglytobothhumansandanimals.Anothertypeofneuronrespondedtoboth—butitrespondedmuchmorestronglytohumansthananimals,”Gauffsaid.(研究團(tuán)隊(duì)已經(jīng)知道，蚊子有大約60種不同類型的神經(jīng)元來(lái)感知?dú)馕?，所以?dāng)他們觀察蚊子的大腦時(shí)，他們認(rèn)為可能會(huì)看到很多活動(dòng)。但蚊子的大腦出奇的安靜，這意味著信號(hào)可能相當(dāng)簡(jiǎn)單，僅限于幾種類型的神經(jīng)元。Gauff說(shuō)：“一種神經(jīng)元對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物的氣味反應(yīng)非常強(qiáng)烈。另一種神經(jīng)元同時(shí)對(duì)兩者都有反應(yīng)，但對(duì)人類氣味的反應(yīng)比動(dòng)物氣味的反應(yīng)強(qiáng)烈得多。”)”可知，蚊子有大約60種不同類型的神經(jīng)元來(lái)感知?dú)馕?，但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)只有幾種類型的神經(jīng)元才會(huì)對(duì)人類和動(dòng)物氣味作出反應(yīng)，可得出大多數(shù)蚊子神經(jīng)元不參與對(duì)人類氣味的反應(yīng)。故選A項(xiàng)。DThestart-upthatattractedthelargestinvestmentinthehistoryofcybersecurity,ofmorethanhalfabilliondollars,hasasimplegoal:apasswordlessfuture.Despitethespreadofpasswordmanagementsoftwarethatcangenerateandremembercomplicatedstringsofrandomcharacters,someofthemostcommonpasswordsarestill“12345”,“password”and“iloveyou”.Asaresult,morethan80percentofhacksinvolvethesekindsofpasswords;andpasswordsremainthemostsought-afterdatabyhackers,aboveotherpersonalorsensitiveinformation.Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.Sincetheneedtoreplacetheeasilyforgottenandhighlyhackablestringsoflettersandnumbersthatweusetoaccesseverydaylifehasbecomeevenmoreurgent,theracetoreplacethepasswordisunderway,withbiometric-based(基于生物識(shí)別的)securityemergingasoneofthemostsought-aftersolutions.AccordingtoTieo,aunionofmorethan250companies,whichpromotesastandardsystemofpasswordlessauthentication(身份驗(yàn)證),thevastmajorityofconsumerserviceswillofferpasswordlessloginsystemsinthenextcoupleofyears.“Ifdonecorrectlyandsafely,biometricsarereallyhelpingusmovetoapasswordlessfutureinarapidmanner,”saidAndrewJenkinson,CEOofTieo.Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselyguardedforprivacypurposesandtopreventspoofing—hackerstryingtotrickcamerasorsensorswithphotos,ormasksoftheirvictim.“Biometricauthenticationandpasswordlessauthenticationhasitsownattacksurface,”saidPaulSmith,directorofsecurityresearchatCyberPek.Histeamrevealedthatithadfoundadesignproblemwhichwouldallowpotentialattackerstobypassfacialrecognitionloginbyinjectingaspoofedphotoofauser’sfaceintotheprocess.Thebiggestobstaclestandinginthewayofthestart-upshopingtokillthepasswordishowtochangeyearsofhabit.EricBrown,founderofTAKCyber,acyberresearchandadvisorycompany,arguedthatwhilesensitiveapplicationsmayrapidlyshiftfrompasswords,otherwebsiteshavelessmotivationtoupdatetheirsystems.“You’llnevergetridofthem,”hesaid.“We’renevergoingtogettothepost-passwordera.”31.Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A.Whypasswordsarethemostsought-afterdata.B.Howpasswordsarestolenbyphishingemails.C.Howpasswordshavecausedustrouble.D.Whypasswordsaredifficulttosecure.32.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Facialrecognitionloginisthekeytofightinghackers.B.Biometricauthenticationhasitsownsetofproblems.C.TAKCyber’sloginsystemguaranteesthesafetyofdata.D.Spoofingbringsmoreproblemsthanautomatedprograms.33.WhatisEricBrown’sattitudetowardsapasswordlessfuture?A.Indifferent. B.Passionate. C.Pessimistic. D.Objective.34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.Biometricauthentication:passwordsecuritysolution!B.Start-upsracetowelcomeapasswordlessfutureC.TheargumenttoendpasswordshasbegunD.Killingthepassword:acureorafantasy?【答案】31.D32.B33.C34.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了很多公司投入到無(wú)密碼的研究中，但是其中還有許多問(wèn)題需要解決?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Inmanycases,individualsaretrickedintohandingoverpassworddetailsbyphishingemailsandothersocialengineeringtechniques.Hackershavesoughttobreakintoappsandstealentirepassworddatabasesaswell.Passwordsarealsounderattackfromnewtechnology,suchasautomatedprogramsthatcanrapidlytrytoguessthem,orcantrystolenpasswordsonmultipleonlineaccounts.(在許多情況下，個(gè)人通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)釣魚(yú)郵件和其他社會(huì)工程技術(shù)被騙提供密碼細(xì)節(jié)。黑客還試圖侵入應(yīng)用程序，竊取整個(gè)密碼數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。密碼也受到新技術(shù)的攻擊，比如自動(dòng)程序可以快速猜測(cè)密碼，或者在多個(gè)在線賬戶上嘗試竊取密碼)”可知，第三段主要講為什么密碼很難保護(hù)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Buttherearestillrisksassociatedwiththeuseofbiometricauthentication.Unlikepasswords,biometricscannotbechanged.Thismeanssuchdatamustbecloselygua