2017年管理類聯(lián)考綜合真題及答案解析

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SectionIUseofReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Peoplehavespeculatedforcenturiesaboutafuturewithoutwork.Todayisnodifferent，withacademics，writers，andactivistsonceagain1thattechnologyisreplacinghumanworkers.Someimaginethatthecomingwork-freeworldwillbedefinedby2.Afewwealthypeoplewillownallthecapital，andthemasseswillstruggleinanimpoverishedwasteland..Adifferentandnotmutuallyexclusive3holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort，one4bypurposelessness：Withoutjobstogivetheirlives5，peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.6today’sunemployeddon’tseemtobehavingagreattime.OneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression，doubletheratefor7Americans.Also，someresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality，mental-healthproblems，andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.Perhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.Butitdoesn’t11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.Suchvisionsarebasedonthe12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofemployment.Inthe13ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.Today，the15ofworkmaybeabitoverblown.“Manyjobsareboring，degrading，unhealthy，andawasteofhumanpotential，”saysJohnDanaher，alecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.Thesedays，becauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers，peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork，Ioftenfeel18，”Danahersays，adding，“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork，Imightfeelratherdifferent”—perhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [C] [D][A] [C] [A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A]leave [B]make [C]worry [D]set[A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A] [B] [C] [D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][A][B][C][D][答案][C解析：空格之后的賓語從句部分“technologyisreplacinghumanworkers.”結(jié)合選項，應(yīng)該選擇warning。其他三項[A]boasting [B]denying [D]ensuring[答案][A][答案][D]prediction空格之后的內(nèi)容“holdsthatthefuturewillbeawastelandofadifferentsort，”該定語從句是對空格詞匯的修飾與說明，既然文中用到了will這一個表示將來時態(tài)的助動詞，故答案為[答案][A]考點：后置定語+one4bypurposelessness。其他三項均不符合，故排除。5.[答案][B]meaningWithoutjobstogivetheirlives5，peoplewillsimplybecomelazyanddepressed.空格所在句后meaning。[A]wisdom[C]glory[D]freedom這些選項都表示褒義色彩和后面lazy、depressed矛盾。6.[答案][B分析下四個選項可以看出并無體現(xiàn)因果關(guān)系故[A]Thus排除，另外instead，nevertheless表示轉(zhuǎn)折語意，但是上下文邏輯并無體現(xiàn)。故[A]Instead [C]Thus [D]Nevertheless7.[答案][COneGalluppollfoundthat20percentofAmericanswhohavebeenunemployedforatleastayearreporthavingdepression，doubletheratefor7Americans.根據(jù)上下文對比的語意對照應(yīng)該workingunemployedworking。8.[答案][A]explanationsomeresearchsuggeststhatthe8forrisingratesofmortality，mental-healthproblems，andaddicting9poorly-educatedmiddle-agedpeopleisshortageofwell-paidjobs.[答案][D 中”表示范圍符合此處語義需要[答案][CworryPerhapsthisiswhymany10theagonizingdullnessofajoblessfuture.[答案][C]necessarilyButitdoesn’t 11followfromfindingslikethesethataworldwithoutworkwouldbefilledwithunease.But表示轉(zhuǎn)折語意。doesn'tnecessarily不一定。符合此處語意需要，故為答案。12.[答案][BSuchvisionsarebasedonthe 12ofbeingunemployedinasocietybuiltontheconceptofbeingunemployed[答案][A]Inthe13ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure.[答案][DInthe13ofwork，asocietydesignedwithotherendsinmindcould14strikinglydifferentcircumstancesforthefutureoflaborandleisure該空格所選詞匯的主語是asociety賓語是differentcircumstances.yield。語義為：產(chǎn)生。15.[答案][Coverblown.Manyjobsareboring，degradingunhealthyandawasteofhumanpotential，”saysJohnDanaheralecturerattheNationalUniversityofIrelandinGalway.virtue，其他選項均排除。[答案][Dbecauseleisuretimeisrelatively16formostworkers，peopleusetheirfreetimetocounterbalancetheintellectualandemotional17oftheirjobs.結(jié)合常識認(rèn)知及上下文理解應(yīng)該scarce。[答案][Ademands[答案][B“WhenIcomehomefromahardday’swork，Ioftenfeel18，”Danahersays，adding，“InaworldinwhichIdon’thavetowork，Imightfeelratherdifferent”.[答案][Dperhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimself19ahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20matters.“Throwoneselfinto”20.[答案][Bperhapsdifferentenoughtothrowhimselfintoahobbyorapassionprojectwiththeintensityusuallyreservedfor20ensity形成呼應(yīng)與關(guān)聯(lián)。故此處professional符合語義需要，入選。SectionIIReadingPartAReadthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）EverySaturdaymorning,at9am,morethan50,000runnerssetofftorun5kmaroundtheirlocalpark.TheParkrunphenomenonbeganwithadozenfriendsandhasinspired400eventsintheUKandmoreabroad.Eventsarefree,staffedbythousandsofvolunteers.Runnersrangefromfouryearsoldtograndparents;theirtimesrangefromAndrewBaddeley'sworldrecord13minutes48secondsuptoanhour.ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon'sOlympic"legacy"isfailing.TenyearsagoonMonday,itwasannouncedthattheGamesofthe30thOlympiadwouldbeinLondon.PlanningdocumentspledgedthatthegreatlegacyoftheGameswouldbetolevelanationofsportloversawayfromtheircouches.Thepopulationwouldbefitter,healthierandproducemorewinners.Ithasnothappened.Thenumberofadultsdoingweeklysportdidrise,bynearly2millionintherun－upto2012－butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.Theoppositionclaimsprimaryschoolpupilsdoingatleasttwohoursofsportaweekhavenearlyhalved.Obesityhasrisenamongadultsandchildren.OfficialretrospectionscontinueastowhyLondon2012failedto"inspireageneration."ThesuccessofParkrunoffersParkunisnotaracebutatimetrial:Youronlycompetitoristheclock.Theethoswelcomesanybody.Thereisasmuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthereisabouttoptalentshining.TheOlympicbidders,bycontrast,wantedtogetmorepeopledoingsportsandtoproducemoreeliteathletes.Thedualaimwasmixedup:Thestressonsuccessovertakingpartwasintimidatingfornewcomers.Indeed,thereissomethingalittleabsurdinthestategettinginvolvedintheplanningofsuchafundamentally"grassroots",conceptascommunitysportsassociations.Ifthereisaroleforgovernment,itshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods－makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.Butsuccessivegovernmentshavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.Insteadofwordy,worthystrategies,futuregovernmentsneedtodomoretoprovidetheconditionsforsporttothrive.Oratleastnotmakethemworse.【題干】AccordingtoParagraph1,ParkrunhasgainedgreatcreatedmanyjobsC．strengthenedcommunitytiesD．becomeanofficialfestival【答案】AccordingtoParagraph1,可以快速的定位到文中的第一段，第一41348秒到其他選項，B創(chuàng)造了很多就業(yè)機(jī)會；C增強了社會的凝聚力；D成為一個官方的節(jié)日；這幾個【題干】TheauthorbelievesthatLondon'sOlympic"legacy"hasfailed boostpopulationpromotesportimprovethecity'sincreasesporthoursin【答案】ParkrunissucceedingwhereLondon’sOlympic“l(fā)egacy”isfailing與題干中的關(guān)鍵詞London’sOlympic“l(fā)egacy”hasfailedto...對應(yīng)，所以可以鎖定文章Olympic的目標(biāo)，然而，事實卻事與愿違，...butthegeneralpopulationwasgrowingfaster.Worse,thenumbersarenowfallingatanacceleratingrate.由這句話可以看出，Olympic并沒有推動大眾的參與性，與預(yù)期B。【題干】ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthat aimsatdiscoveringfocusesonmassdoesnotemphasizedoesnotattractfirst-【答案】ParkrunisdifferentfromOlympicgamesinthat...可以知道這是想考racebutatimetrial.ABAB都和競爭有關(guān)，D段的這一句話：thereismuchjoyoverapuffed-outfirst-timerbeingclappedoverthelineasthere【題干】Withregardtomasssporttheauthorholdsthatgovernmentsshouldorganize"grassroots"sportseventsB．superviselocalsportsassociationsincreasefundsforsportsinvestinpublicsports【答案】【解析】由題干中的關(guān)鍵詞thegovernmentsshould...,可以知道，命題人想要考察的是對于Parkrun這一項大眾運動，政府應(yīng)該做點什么。所以，考生要快速的定位到原文中有關(guān)政府的段落，即第四段，Ifthereisaroleforgovernmentitshouldreallybegettinginvolvedinprovidingcommongoods—makingsurethereisspaceforplayingfieldsandthemoneytopavetennisandnetballcourts,andencouragingtheprovisionofalltheseactivitiesinschools.從這里可以知道，ParkrunA，B，C.D?！绢}干】Theauthor'sattitudetowhatUKgovernmentshavedoneforsports 【答案】theauthor’sattitudetowhatUKgovernmenthavedoneforsport可24題是有一定聯(lián)系的。第四段一開始作者Butsuccessivegovernmenthavepresidedoversellinggreenspaces,squeezingmoneyfromlocalauthoritiesanddecliningattentiononsportineducation.B.tolerant:寬容的，容忍的；Withsomuchfocusonchildren’suseofscreens,it'seasyforparentstoforgetabouttheirownscreenuse.“Techisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,”saysJennyRadeskyinherstudyofdigitalplay,"anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagement.Itmakesithardtodisengage,andleadstoalotofbleed-overintothefamilyroutine.”Radeskyhasstudiedtheuseofmobilephonesandtabletsatmealtimesbygivingmother-childpairsafood-testingexercise.Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.Duringaseparateobservation,shesawthatphonesbecameasourceoftensioninthefamily.Parentswouldbelookingattheiremailswhilethechildrenwouldbemakingexcitedbidsfortheirattention.Infantsarewiredtolookatparents’facestotrytounderstandtheirworld,andifthosefacesareblankandunresponsive—astheyoftenarewhenabsorbedinadevice－itcanbeextremelydisconcertingfoethechildren.Radeskycitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”devisedbydevelopmentalpsychologistEdTronickinthe1970s.Init,amotherisaskedtointeractwithherchildinanormalwaybeforeputtingonablankexpressionandnotgivingthemanyvisualsocialfeedback;Thechildbecomesincreasinglydistressedasshetriestocapturehermother’sattention."Parentsdon'thavetobeexquisitelyparentsatalltimes,butthereneedstobeabalanceandparentsneedtoberesponsiveandsensitivetoachild’sverbalornonverbalexpressionsofanemotionalneed,"saysOntheotherhand,Tronickhimselfisconcernedthattheworriesaboutkids'useofscreensarebornoutofan“oppressiveideologythatdemandsthatparentsshouldalwaysbeinteracting”withtheirchildren:“It’sbasedonasomewhatfantasized,verywhite,veryupper-middle-classideologythatsaysifyou’refailingtoexposeyourchildto30,000wordsyouareneglectingthem.”Tronickbelievesthatjustbecauseachildisn’tlearningfromthescreendoesn’tmeanthere’snovaluetoit－particularlyifitgivesparentstimetohaveashower,dohouseworkorsimplyhaveabreakfromtheirchild.Parents,hesays,cangetalotoutofusingtheirdevicestospeaktoafriendorgetsomeworkoutoftheway.Thiscanmakethemfeelhappier,whichletsthenbemoreavailabletotheirchildtherestofthetime.【題干】AccordingtoJennyRadesky,digitalproductsaredesignedto simplifyroutineabsorbuserbetterinterpersonalincreasework【答案】JennyRadesky,可以快速的定位到文中提到此人物的第一段第二JennyRadeskyTechisdesignedtoreallysuckonyouin,anddigitalproductsaretheretopromotemaximalengagementBJennyRadesky的話【題干】Radesky’sfood-testingexerciseshowsthatmothers’useofdevices takesawaybabies’appetiteslowsdownbabies’verbalreducesmother-child【答案】food-testingexercise,mother’suseofdevices.可以快速的定位到第二段第二行:Shefoundthatmotherswhosueddevicesduringtheexercisestarted20percentfewerverbaland39percentfewernonverbalinteractionswiththeirchildren.從這里可以知道，20%的語言交流機(jī)會，39%D.減少【題干】Radesky’scitesthe“stillfaceexperiment”toshowthat itiseasyforchildrentogetusedtoblankverbalexpressionsareunnecessaryforemotionalchildrenareinsensitivetochangesintheirparents’parentsneedtorespondtochildren'semotional【答案】Rbut之后，這里提到DAblankexpressions是原文實驗里面的具體內(nèi)容，非實驗【題干】TheoppressiveideologymentionedbyTronickrequiresparents protectkidsfromexposuretowildteachtheirkidsatleast30,000wordsaensureconstantinteractionwiththeirremainconcernedaboutkid'suseof【答案】oppressiveideologyTronick定【題干】AccordingtoTronick,kid’suseofscreens givetheirparentssomefreemaketheirparentsmorehelpthemwiththeirhelpthembecomemore【答案】Tronickkid定位kid’suseofscreens“itgivesparentstimeto...”ABcreative并未提及；選Chomeworkhousework進(jìn)行干擾，原文是父母有時間做家務(wù)，而選項是幫Dattentive并未提及。Today,widespreadsocialpressuretoimmediatelygotocollegeinconjunctionwithhighexpectationsinafast-movingworldoftencausesstudentstocompletelyoverlookthepossibilityoftakingagapyear.Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?Andaftergoingtoschoolfor12years,itdoesn'tfeelnaturaltospendayeardoingsomethingthatisn’tacademic.Butwhilethismaybetrue,it’snotagoodenoughreasontocondemngapyears.There'salwaysaconstantfearoffallingbehindeveryoneelseonthesociallyperpetuated“racetothefinishline,”whetherthatbetowardgraduateschool,medicalschoolorlucrativecareer.Butdespitecommonmisconceptions,agapyeardoesnothinderthesuccessofacademicpursuits－infact,itprobablyenhancesit.StudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.Ratherthanpullingstudentsback,agapyearpushesthemaheadbypreparingthemforindependence,newresponsibilitiesandenvironmentalchanges－allthingsthatfirst-yearstudentsoftenstrugglewiththemost.Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.Ifyou'renotconvincedoftheinherentvalueintakingayearofftoexploreinterests,thenconsideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices.AccordingtotheNationalCenterforEducationStatistics,nearly80percentofcollegestudentsendupchangingtheirmajorsatleastonce.Thisisn’tsurprising,consideringthebasicmandatoryhighschoolcurriculumleavesstudentswithapoorunderstandingofthemselveslistingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.It’snotnecessarilyabadthing,butdependingontheschool,itcanbecostlytomakeupcreditsafterswitchingtoolateinthegame.AtBostonCollege,forexample,youwouldhavetocompleteanextrayearwereyoutoswitchtothenursingschoolfromanotherdepartment.Takingagapyeartofigurethingsoutinitiallycanhelppreventstressandsavemoneylateron.【題干】Oneofthereasonsforhigh-schoolgraduatesnottakingagapyearisthattheythinkitacademicallytheyhavealotoffuntoexpectinitfeelsstrangetododifferentlyfromitseemsworthlesstotakeoff-campus【答案】【解析】題目問的是高中畢業(yè)生不選擇間隔年原因之一是什么。根據(jù)題目中的high-school和gapyear和定位到第一段第一句話。這句話后面一句的afterall可以知道后面應(yīng)該是解釋理由了，Afterall,ifeveryoneyouknowisgoingtocollegeinthefall,itseemssillytostaybackayear,doesn'tit?這句話是說如果大家秋天都上大學(xué)去了，你要是晚了一年看起來有點傻。這個句子CfeelstrangetododifferentlyfromothersC?！绢}干】StudiesfromtheUSandAustraliaimplythattakingagapyear keepstudentsfrombeinglowerrisksinchoosingeasefreshmen’sfinancialrelievefreshmenof【答案】studyfromtheAustraliaandUSStudiesfromtheUnitedStatesandAustraliashowthatstudentswhotakeagapyeararegenerallybetterpreparedforandperformbetterincollegethanthosewhodonot.。這句話明確說了有間隔年的句在表現(xiàn)好的更細(xì)致地方面進(jìn)行了描述：preparingthemforindependence獨立性,newresponsibilities責(zé)任感andenvironmentalchanges環(huán)境變化。緊隨的破折號后總結(jié)說了這是first-yearstudents一年級學(xué)生oftenstrugglewiththemost常常有苦惱的。說明最受益的是大D?！绢}干】Theword“acclimation”（Line8,Para.3）isclosestinmeaning 【答案】【解析】這題根據(jù)題干中給的信息，到第三段最后一句中去找答案，Gapyearexperiencescan...whenitcomestoadjustingtocollege...,makingiteasierto...ratherthanacclimationblunders.A為正確答案?！绢}干】Agapyearmaysavemoneyforstudentsbyhelping avoidacademicfailuresB．establishlong-termgoalsswitchtoanotherdecideontheright【答案】consideritsfinancialimpactonfutureacademicchoices。FinancialsavemoneyacademicchoicesAB。根據(jù)最后一段第三句...students...listingonemajorontheircollegeapplications,butswitchingtoanotheraftertakingcollegeclasses.所以第一句中的academicchoicesD【題干】ThemostsuitabletitleforthistextwouldbeInFavoroftheGapTheABCsoftheGapTheGapYearComesTheGapYear:A【答案】Butwhilethismaybetrue,it'snotagoodenoughreasontocondemnA。Thoughoftenviewedasaproblemforwesternstates,thegrowingfrequencyofwildfiresisanationalconcernbecauseofitsimpactonfederaltaxdollars,saysProfessorMaxMoritz,aspecialistinfireecologyandmanagement.In2015,theUSForestServiceforthefirsttimespentmorethanhalfofits$5.5billionannualbudgetfightingfires－nearlydoublethepercentageitspentonsuchefforts20yearsago.Ineffect,fewerfederalfundstodayaregoingtowardstheagency'sotherwork－suchasforestconservation,watershedandculturalresourcesmanagement,andinfrastructureupkeep－thataffectthelivesofallAmericans.Anothernationwideconcerniswhetherpublicfundsfromotheragenciesaregoingintoconstructioninfire-pronedistricts.AsMoritzputsit,howoftenarefederaldollarsbuildinghomesthatarelikelytobelosttoawildfire?“It’salreadyahugeproblemfromapublicexpenditureperspectiveforthewholecountry,”hesays.Weneedtotakeamagnifyingglasstothat.Like,“Waitaminute,isthisOK?”“Dowewantinsteadtoredirectthosefundstoconcentrateonlower-hazardpartsofthelandscape?”SuchaviewwouldrequireacorrespondingshiftinthewayUSsocietytodayviewsfire,researchersForonething,conversationsaboutwildfiresneedtobemoreinclusive.Overthepastdecade,thefocushasbeenonclimatechange－h(huán)owthewarmingoftheEarthfromgreenhousegasesisleadingtoconditionsthatworsenfires.Whileclimateisakeyelement,Moritzsays,itshouldn’tcomeattheexpenseoftherestofthe“Thehumansystemsandthelandscapesweliveonarelinked,andtheinteractionsgobothways,"hesays.Failingtorecognizethat,henotes,leadsto"anoverlysimplifiedviewofwhatthesolutionsmightbe.Ourperceptionoftheproblemandofwhatthesolutionisbecomesverylimited.”Atthesametime,peoplecontinuetotreatfireasaneventthatneedstobewhollycontrolledandunleashedonlyoutofnecessity,saysProfessorBalchattheUniversityofColorado.Butacknowledgingfire'sinevitablepresenceinhumanlifeisanattitudecrucialtodevelopingthelaws,policies,andpracticesthatmakeitassafeaspossible,shesays.“We’vedisconnectedourselvesfromlivingwithfire,”Balchsays.“Itisreallyimportanttounderstandandtryandteaseoutwhatisthehumanconnectionwithfiretoday.”【題干】Morefrequentwildfireshavebecomeanationalconcernbecausein2015theyexhaustedunprecedentedmanagementconsumedarecord-highpercentageofseverelydamagedtheecologyofwesterncausedahugeriseofinfrastructure【答案】【解析】本題目是原因細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干的關(guān)鍵詞wildfiresnationalconcern，以及時間詞2015USbudgetBbudget原詞復(fù)highconsumeMaxMoritzCwesternstatesthough從句內(nèi)【題干】Moritzcallsfortheuseof"amagnifyingglass"to raisemorefundsforfire-proneavoidtheredirectionoffederalfindwildfire-freepartsofthelandscapeD．guaranteesaferspendingofpublicfunds【答案】amagnifyingglassMoritz定位到第四段第二句，目的就是最后一句。本句提到“toredirectthosefunds”，基金重新引導(dǎo)，本段首句也提及ahugeproblemfrom...publicexpenditureD的guaranteesaferspendingAfundraisepartsofthelandscape的偷換概念?！绢}干】WhileadmittingthatclimateisakeyelementMoritznotesthatpublicdebateshavenotsettledyetB．fire-fightingconditionsareimprovingC．otherfactorsshouldnotbeoverlookedD．a(chǎn)shiftintheviewoffirehastaken【答案】climateisakeyelement及大寫字Moritz定位到第7段的內(nèi)容。本句中Moritz提到“shouldnotcomeattheexpenseoftheequation”A中的不應(yīng)該忽視其他因素是對本句的同義轉(zhuǎn)化Bconditions6conditionsthatworsenfires，偷換動詞requirehastakenplace?！绢}干】TheoverlysimplifiedviewMoritzmentionsisaresultoffailingtodiscoverthefundamentalmakeupofexplorethemechanismofthehumanmaximizetheroleoflandscapeinhumanlifeD．understandtheinterrelationsofmanandnature【答案】simplifiedviewMoritz8段的首句，“thehumansystemsandthelandscapes...arelinkedandtheinteractionsgobothways”,人類與環(huán)Dinteractions是原文的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，manandnature同義替換原文的humanandlandscapesAB的humansystemsmechanismClandscapehuman是原詞出現(xiàn)，但添加maximize?！绢}干】ProfessorBalchpointsoutthatfireissomethingmanshoulddoawaycometotermspayapricekeepaway【答案】定位到最后一段的最后一句，“importanttounderstand...humanconnectionwithfire”，人與火B(yǎng)Adoawaywith是廢除；CpayapriceforDkeepawayfrom遠(yuǎn)離。PartBReadthefollowingtextandmatcheachofthenumbereditemsintheleftcolumntoitscorrespondinginformationintherightcolumn.Therearetwoextrachoicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）ThedeclineinAmericanmanufacturingisacommonrefrain,particularlyfromDonaldTrump."Wedon'tmakeanythinganymore,"hetoldFoxNews,whiledefendinghisownmade-in-Mexicoclothingline.Withoutquestion,manufacturinghastakenasignificanthitduringrecentdecades,andfurthertradedealsraisequestionsaboutwhethernewshockscouldhitmanufacturing.ButthereisalsoadifferentwaytolookattheAcrossthecountry,factoryownersarenowgrapplingwithanewchallenge:insteadofhavingtoomanyworkers,theymayendupwithtoofew.Despitetradecompetitionandoutsourcing,Americanmanufacturingstillneedstoreplacetensofthousandsofretiringboomerseveryyears.Millennialsmaynotbethatinterestedintakingtheirplace,otherindustriesarerecruitingthemwithsimilarorbetterpay.Forfactoryowners,italladdsuptostiffcompetitionforworkers－andupwardpressureonwages."They'rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,"saysJayDunwell,presidentofWolverineCoilSpring,afamily-ownedfirm,"Theymaybecoming[intotheworkforce],butthey'vebeenpluckedbyotherindustriesthatarealsodoinganwellasmanufacturing,"Mr.Dunwellhasbegunbringinghighschooljuniorstothefactorysotheycangetexposedtoitsculture.AtRoManManufacturing,amakerofelectricaltransformersandweldingequipmentthathisfathercofoundedin1980,RobertRothkeepacloseeyeontheageofhisnearly200workers,fiveareretiringthisyear.Mr.Rothhasthreecommunity-collegestudentsenrolledinawork-placementprogram,withastartingwageof$13anhourthatrisesto$17aftertwoyears.Ataworktableinsidethetransformerplant,youngJasonStenquistlooksflusteredbythecoilshe'stryingtoassembleandthearrivaloftwovisitors.It'shisfirstweekonthejob.Askedabouthischoiceofcareer,hesaysathighschoolheconsideredmedicalschoolbeforeswitchingtoelectricalengineering."Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating."hesays.Buttowinovertheseyoungworkers,manufacturershavetoclearanothermajorhurdle:parents,wholivedthroughtheworstUSeconomicdownturnsincetheGreatDepression,tellingthemtoavoidthefactory.Millennials"remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,"saysBirgitKlohs,chiefexecutiveofTheRightPlace,abusinessdevelopmentagencyforwesternMichigan.Theseconcernsaren'tmisplaced:Employmentinmanufacturinghasfallenfrom17millionin1970to12millionin2013.Whentherecoverybegan,workershortagesfirstappearedinthehigh-skilledtrades.Nowshortagesareappearingatthemid-skilllevels."Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattaketoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,"saysRobSpohr,abusinessprofessoratMontcalmCommunityCollege."There'reenoughpeopletofillthejobsatMcDonaldsandotherplaceswhereyoudon'tneedtohavemuchskill.It'sthatgapinbetween,andthat'swheretheproblemis."JulieParksofGrandRapidsCommunitypointstoanotherkeytoluringMillennialsintomanufacturing:awork/lifebalance.Whiletheirparentswerecontenttoworklonghours,youngpeoplevalueflexibility."Overtimeisnotattractivetothisgeneration.Theyreallywanttolivetheirlives,"shesays.[A]saysthatheswitchedtoelectricalengineeringbecausehelovesworkingJay[B]pointsoutthatthereareenoughpeopletofillthejobsthatdon’tneedmuchskill。Jason[C]pointsoutthattheUSdoesn’tmanufactureanythinganymore。Birgit[D]believesthatitisimportanttokeepacloseeyeontheageofhisworkers。Rob[E]saysthatforfactoryowners， workersarehardertofindbecauseofstiffcompetition。45.Julie[F]pointsoutthatawork/lifebalancecanattractyoungpeopleintomanufacturing。[G]saysthatthemanufacturingrecessionistoblameforthelay-offtheyoungpeople’sparents。Jay定位文中“They’rehardertofindandtheyhavejoboffers,”他們很難發(fā)現(xiàn)他們有工作邀請。harder對應(yīng)選項stiff(艱難地)根據(jù)題干人名JasonStenquist對應(yīng)文中“Iloveworkingwithtools.Ilovecreating,”hesays.我愛與工具打交道，我喜歡創(chuàng)新，tool對應(yīng)選項tool根據(jù)題干人名BirgitKlohs，定位文中“remembertheirfatherandmotherbothwerelaidoff.Theyblameitonthemanufacturingrecession,”記住他們的爸爸媽媽都下崗了，他們歸因于生產(chǎn)蕭條。文中blame對應(yīng)選項blame根據(jù)人名RobSpohr,對應(yīng)文中Thegapisbetweenthejobsthattakenoskillsandthosethatrequirealotofskill,”saysRobSpohr,工作之間的差距是那個不需要技能，而那些需要很多技能。文中skill對應(yīng)選項skill（技能）Julie的觀點，對應(yīng)文中“We’veneverhadsomuchattentionfrommanufacturers.”我從沒有得到過這么多來自制造商的注意，attraction對應(yīng)選項attract（吸引）SectionIIITranslationReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChin