高考英語第一輪語法專攻復習課件

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載ppt課件：高考英語第一輪語法專攻復習課件37找出下列句子中的非謂語動詞(含短語)1.Hestoodthere,tiredfromawholedayofwork,thinkingofawaytoescapefromtheconstructionsite.狀語2.Thenewsconference,tobeheldinthathall,hasalreadybeencrowdedwith定語reporters3.HavingreachedtheverypeakoftheEverest,theclimberscheeredagainstthefiercenorthwind狀語4.Hekeepsbuyingexpensivemaps.He賓語musthavemorethan200bynow.5.Iheardthegirlsingingintheclassroom.6.ThemantalkingwithmyfatherisMrWang.定語賓語補語不能單獨作謂語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。還可以有自己的賓語和狀語構成非謂語短語在句中一起做成分。主要形式:不定式tododoingdonemake主動形式被動形式一般式nottomakenottobemade完成式nottohavenottohavemadebeenmade進行式nottobemakingnottohave完成進行式beenmaking△--ing:do△主動形式被動形式主動形式被動形式doing一般式一般式beingdonehavingdonehavingdone完成式havingbeendone完成式havingbeendone否定形式:not+-ing的形式過去分詞:done非謂語動詞解題一般思路1.分析句子成分,看“_____”上要填謂語還是非謂語2.看“_____”上要填的非謂語動詞與相關的名或代詞(多是主語)的邏輯關系主謂關系動賓關系主動關系被動關系一般式towritetobewritten進行式tobewriting????todotohavewrittentohavebeenwritten完成式一般式writingbeingwrittendoing完成式havingwrittenhavingbeenwritten????writtendone非謂語動詞的比較不定式和+ing作主語的區(qū)別不定式作主語表示具體動作Itisnotverygoodforyoutosmokesomuch你抽這么多煙對你身體很不好。具體+ing作主語通常表示抽象動作;Smokingisprohibitedhere.這里禁止抽煙。抽象不定式、動名詞和分詞作表語的區(qū)別(1)不定式作表語一般表示具體動作,特別是表示將來動作。WhatIwouldsuggestistostartworkatonceHiswishistobuyacarinthenearfuture2動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般性的行為。OurworkisservingthepeopleHishobbyiscollectingstamps3分詞作表語.表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞加上ing變成現(xiàn)在分詞,譯為“令人……的”,加上ed變成過去分詞,譯為“感到…….”Interesting/interesteddelighting/delightedexciting/excitedDisappointing/disappointedTravellingisinterestingbuttiringTheywereveryexcitedatthenews3作賓語不定式和動名詞英語中大多數(shù)動詞既可跟不定式.但有些動詞要求:A只能加不定式作賓語的動詞:affordagreeappearaskattemptbegchoosedecidedemanddesigndesiredetermineexpectfailHappenhopemanageplanwishpretendrefuseB只能加動名詞作賓語的動詞:admitappreciateavoidconsiderdelayenjoyescapefinishimaginekeepmindmisspermitpractisepreventrisksuggeststandallowadviseforbidneedrequireC有些動詞后使用動名詞和不定式作賓語的意思差別:forgettodo/forgetdoingstoptodo/stopdoingremembertodo/doingregrettodo/doingtrytodo/doingmeantodo/doinglove,like,hate,D有些動詞使用動名詞和不定式意思無差別prefer,intend,start,continueE這些常用的詞組要求用動名詞作賓語can’thelpcan’tstandbeworthdevotetolookforwardtosticktobeusedtoobjecttobebusyfeellikegetdownto3動詞不定式和動名詞作賓語比較(1)有些動詞后只跟不定式作賓語,如:want,wish,hope,manage,demand,promise,refuse,pretend,plan,offer,decide,agree,expect等。Weagreed_______here,butsofarshehasn'tCturnedupyet.(NMET1995)A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet?(2)有些動詞后只跟動名詞作賓語,如:admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,suggest,deny等。Thesquirrelwassoluckythatitjustmissed_______.(MET1987)CA.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatchCIwouldappreciate_______backthisafternoon.(MET1992)A.youtocallB.youcallC.youcallingD.you'recalling?(3)有些動詞后既可以跟不定式又可以跟動名詞,意義上無多大區(qū)別,如:love,like,hate,prefer,intend,start,continue等。Iintendtofinish/finishingthetaskthismorning.注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別忘記要去做某事(此事未做)1)forgettodoforgetdoing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)2)stoptodo停止、中斷(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stopdoing停止正在或經(jīng)常做的事3)remembertodo記住去做某事(未做)rememberdoing記得做過某事已做4regrettodo對要做的事遺憾regretdoing對做過的事遺憾、后悔5)trytodo努力、企圖做某事trydoing試驗、試一試某種辦法注意問題1.有些動詞后使用動名詞和動詞不定式作賓語的差別打算,有意要…6meantodomeandoing意味著7)goontodo繼而(去做另外一件事情)goondoing繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)?(4)有些動詞后既可以跟不定式,又可以跟動名詞,但意義上有區(qū)別,如:forget,remember,mean,regret,stop,try等。?Thelightintheofficeisstillon.C?Oh,Iforgot_______.(MET1991)A.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff?Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.?Well,nowIregret_______that.(NMETD1995)A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做賓補的區(qū)別有些使役動詞及感官動詞后如let,make,have,hear,see,feel,notice,watch,observe等動詞不定式只說明賓語的一個動作,賓語與動詞不定式是主動關系Justthenheheardsomeonesinginthenextroom.現(xiàn)在分詞說明賓語的動作正在進行,賓語與現(xiàn)在分詞是主動關系Thenheheardsomeonesinginginthenextroom.過去分詞說明賓語與過去分詞是被動關系HehadhisbikerepairedyesterdayHefoundhiswatchstolen.作賓補:doingtheexperimentWesawtheteacher___________________.(做實驗)sunginEnglishI’veneverheardthesong______________用英語唱)不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞4作定語不定式作定語。A不定式與其所修飾的名詞是主謂關系。例:HewasthelastonetoleaveschoolyesterdayThetraintoarrivewasfromLondonB不定式與其所修飾的名詞是動賓關系。GethimsomethingtoeatShehasalotofworktodointhemorning.C不及物動詞構成的不定式做定語,要加上適當?shù)慕樵~和被修飾的名詞形成邏輯上的動賓關系。這里的介詞不能省去。IneedapentowritewithThereisnothingtoworryabout.分詞作定語特點:1現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動意義,過去分詞表示被動含義。2現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行,過去分詞表示狀態(tài)或已完成的事。HerushedintotheburninghouseThechildstandingoverthereismybrotherTheroomfacingsouthisourclassroomHeisanadvancedteacher不定式和分詞作定語時的時間關系:一般來說,不定式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之后,現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動作與謂語動詞所表示的動作同時發(fā)生,過去分詞表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。跳舞的女孩現(xiàn)在分詞表主動adancinggirl被毀的房屋Adestroyedhouse過去分詞表被動下落的樹葉Afallingleaf現(xiàn)在分詞表進行落葉Afallenleaf(過去分詞表完成)Thereisariverrunningaroundourschool(run.beingrepairedThewatchnowishersrepair.likedHeisateacherbyallhisstudentslike.Americaisacountrydevelop.developed不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做定語的區(qū)別不定式表示即將發(fā)生的動作,tobebuiltThebuilding_____________nextmonthisourlibrary.現(xiàn)在分詞表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動作,beingbuiltThebuilding____________nowisourlibrary.過去分詞表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作builtThebuilding______lastyearisourlibrary.不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞做狀語的區(qū)別不定式作狀語一般表示目的,結果或原因:Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf.Wearegladtohearthenews分詞作狀語放在句子開頭,表示原因時間或條件。分詞作狀語放在后面一般表示伴隨,Theystoodbytheroadsidetalkingabouttheplan.Notknowingwhattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelp.Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetterThepopsingercametomeethisfans,followedbytwobodyguards.分詞作狀語與主語的關系knowingNot_________whattodo,hewenttohisparentsforhelpknowSeen_________fromthehill,thetownlooksverybeautiful.see分詞作狀語時前面可用連詞When,while,once,if,unless,though等引導的狀語從句,若其主語與句子主語相同時,可保留該連接詞,其余部分則簡化為分詞短語。Whilewalkingalongthestreetearlyinthemorning,hesawherOnceseen,itwillneverbeforgottenEventhoughgiveneverychance,theywouldnottry表目的:HeworkeddayandnighttogetthemoneyShesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain注意不定式作狀語放于句首時,不定式的邏輯主語與句子主語要一致:Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentriedTosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeansTolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneededTolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.2SinceIamastudent,ImuststudyhardBeingastudent,Imuststudyhard.原因Aswewerenotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagainNotsatisfiedwiththeresult,wedecidedtodotheexperimentagain.3Iftimepermits,IwillfinishanotherlessonTimepermitting,IwillfinishanotherlessonIfheisallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouseIfallowed,hewouldeatallthefoodinthehouse.4Thestudentswentoutoftheclassroom,_t_al_k_i_n_gan___d_l_au__gh__in_g(說說笑笑)Heenteredtheroom,_________________followedbyhisgirlfriend后面跟著女朋友).?因為他病了,所以他沒有上學。Ashewasill,hedidn’tgotoschoolBeingill,hedidn’tgotoschool因為他們希望能夠得到你的支持,所以給你寫了一封信。Astheyhopedtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter.Hopingtogetyoursupport,theywroteyoualetter_______moreattention,thetreescouldhaveAgrownbetter.(MET1990)A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven非謂語動詞?？嫉钠渌Y構1疑問詞+不定式結構。疑問詞who,what,which,when,where和how后加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、賓語、表語。主語)WhentostarthasnotbeendecidedIdon’tknowwhattoknow(賓語)Thedifficultywashowtocrosstheriver(表語)Icantellyouwheretogetthisbook(賓語)有時疑問詞前可用介詞,如:Ihavenoideaofhowtodoit動詞不定式的幾個重要時態(tài)1不定式的完成式常在動詞appear,happen,pretend,seem等之后體現(xiàn)它所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。IamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingSheseemedtohaveforgottenherpromiseHepretendedtohavereadthebook2,但在be,wish,intend,mean,plan,hope,expect,should或wouldlike等動詞之后,則表示沒有實現(xiàn)的行為。Heplannedtohavegoneabroad.他原計劃出國。Ihopedtohaveseenher(但他沒有去)IwouldliketohavehadyourhelpTheenemyexpectedtohavefoundhimIintendedtohavefinishedmyworklastnightWeweretohavesailednextmorning我們本定于第二天早上啟航不定式進行式和完成進行式不定式進行式表示其主要謂語動詞所代表的動作發(fā)生時,不定式所表示的動作正在發(fā)生;不定式完成進行式表示其動詞所代表的動作,在主要謂語動詞所代表的動作之前一直在進行。Whenhecamein,Ihappenedtobedoingmyexperimentinthelab.Theyaresaidtohavebeenquarrellingmanyyears.不定式的被動式:HewantedthelettertobetypedatonceThebookissaidtohavebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.3.有時“withwithout+名詞(或代詞賓格)+分詞的結構表示伴隨狀況的獨立主格結構。eg.1Withhishomeworkfinishedaheadoftime,hebegantoplaycomputer2Hefellasleepwiththelampburning非謂語動詞中的句型1)Doing+vSeeingisbelieving.眼見為實。2Itis+nouse/goodfun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,.等名詞+doingsthItisnousecrying.哭沒有用。3Thereisnousegood/point/sense/harm+doingsth做某事沒用Thereisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.4在want,need,require等動詞后,常用動名詞的主動形式表示被動的意思。例如:Myhairneedscutting.Myhairneedstobecut.5在某些固定結構Generally/Franklyspeaking…,Judgingfrom/by…中,分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致,這種結構只限于為數(shù)很少的幾個動詞Judgingbyhisdress,hecomesfromawealthyfamilyFranklyspeaking,Idon'tlikehimatall.Multiplechoice1.____lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept2001春季高考第21題2.___aletterfromherparents,Lilyisnowlookingforwardto___fromthem.A.Havingnotreceived;hearB.Notreceived;hearCNothavingreceived;hearingD.Receivingnot;hearingV/phrases+ing:appreciate;avoid;can’thelp;consider;enjoy;escape;finish;giveup;imagine;insiston;keepon;mind;miss…devoteoneselfto;payattentionto;beusedto;getdownto…I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat___inmyjobA.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expectsB[例2]NMET1999第21題Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,____itmoredifficultA.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake.B因為主語是thepurpose,在(purpose,wish,promise,plan)后常跟不定式,故表語要用不定式,to不能省略,因此構成thepurposeisto…notto…do句型,故選B。解析10.Themissingboyswerelastseen____neartheriverA.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay11.Thefirsttextbooks____forteachingEnglishasaforeignthlanguagecameoutinthe16centuryA.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written