新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)文閱讀之語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練專題03 人文地理（解析版）

2024屆高考英語時(shí)文閱讀之語法填空專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練專題03人文地理基礎(chǔ)篇WhatwaslostinLahaina,aglitteringjeweloftheHawaiianKingdom夏威夷拉海納的損失鞏固篇WhatreallycausedthecollapseoftheMayancivilization?瑪雅文明探究提高篇Howwouldyoudrawanelephantifyou’dneverseenone?怎樣畫出從未見過的大象專項(xiàng)微練單句語法填空動(dòng)詞專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練真題精選高考模擬銜接名校真題演練【原創(chuàng)題】【基礎(chǔ)篇】Lāhaināhasalwaysbeenasurvivor.ThecoastaltowninWestMauihasenduredandevolved,fromservingastheformercapitaloftheHawaiianKingdomtoemergingas1importantwhalingportthatinspiredHermanMelvilletoimmortalizetheerainMobyDick.Butwildfires—thedeadliestinthestate'shistory—havedecimatedmuchofthecoastaltown,2(claim)atleast96livesanddestroyinghundredsofhomesandbuildings,includingimportanthistoricand3(culture)sites.OnceknownasLele,4translatesto“relentlesssun,”severedroughtconditionsinLāhainācoupledwithhighwindsfromHurricaneDora,whichpassed5thesouthofthestate,fedtheflames.ThefireinLāhaināspreadquicklyandcruelly,andthelossofthishistorictown—oneofthebest-preservedhistoricsitesinHawai?i,whereyoucouldvisitmorethan60historicsitesscatteredacross55acres—6(be)unfathomable.“It’sjust,justhorrible,”saysZitaCupChoy,renownedNativeHawaiianhistorianat?IolaniPalaceinHonolulu,whosefamilyisfromMaui.“7(lose)apartofthehistorywheremykūpuna(ancestors)grewupisjustsad.”“Asfarasweknow,thereisn’tanylocationinHawai?iwhereyoucouldwalkdownthestreetandactuallywalkthroughtime,8nowthat’slost,”saysKimberlyFlook,deputyexecutivedirectoroftheLāhaināRestorationFoundation,aMaui-basednonprofitthatoversees14majorhistoric9(structure)inLāhainā.ButwhatwasthehistoricalsignificanceofLāhainā?Thisis10waslosttothewildfires.【答案】1.an2.claiming3.cultural4.which5.to6.is7.Tolose8.and9.structures10.what【鞏固篇】MayacivilizationoncestretchedacrossavastterritoryinMesoamerica,inwhatistodaysouthernMexicoandCentralAmerica.Itwashome1thrivingcitiesandthousandsofpeople,2overthecourseoftwocenturies,majorcitieswouldbeemptied,withtheirgrandtemples3(abandon)andvividartworksunfinished.Muchlikeitsending,4exactbeginningofMayaculturehasbeendifficulttopindown.Manyscholarsbelieveitfirstcoalescedsometimebetween7000B.C.and2000B.C.afterhunter-gatherersfromSouthAmericamovedintoMesoamericaandsettledthere.Sometimearound4000B.C.,cultivationofcorn,theirstaplecrop,exploded,5(allow)Mayaculturetoflourishandexpand.InteractionwiththeneighboringOlmeccivilization6(believe)tohavespurredadvancesinMayaarchitecture,resultingintheconstructionofhugeritual7(complex)surroundedbycities.Amongthemostimportanturbancenters8(be)Uxmal,Palenque,Chiche?nItza?,Tikal,Copa?n,andCalakmul.BuiltduringtheClassicperiod(A.D.200-900),theMaya’ssoaringpyramidtemples9grandbuildings—believedbysometobepalaces—were10(rich)decoratedwithsacredartdedicatedtothegods.【答案】1.to2.but3.abandoned4.the5.allowing6.isbelieved7.complexes8.were9.and10.richly【提高篇】ForillustratorsinmedievalEurope,depictinganimalslikeelephants1they’dneverseteyesonwasakeypartoftheirtasktoshapethe2(moral)ofhumankind.3matteredmostwaswhatsuchcreaturesrepresentedinChristianspiritualterms—andso4lionmightrepresentthevirtuesofstrengthandcourage,5asnakeanditsvenomcouldrepresentsin.Suchdepictionsappearedalongsidebiblicalstoriesandinextraordinaryilluminatedmanuscripts—6(include)illustratedbestiaries—createdbyhandbeforeprintingbecamedominantinthe16thcentury.Andamongthe7(early)medievalEuropeanrepresentationsoffantasticbeastswereelephants.8(they)bondwiththeirsolitarychildrenrepresenteddevotion,whilestoriesofelephantstakingcare9(be)gentlearoundsmalleranimalssymbolizedkindnesstoothers.ElephantswerealsosaidtorepresentthespiritualredemptionofJesusChrist,possiblybecausetheyhadthestrengthtoeasilyliftapersonoutofsin.Theproblemwas,however,thatfewartistsinmedievalEuropehadeverseenarealelephant—insteadtheycreatedanastonishingvarietyoffabulouspachydermsthatstill10(fascinate)today.【答案】1.that2.morality3.What4.a5.while6.including7.earliest8.Their9.tobe10.fascinates【專項(xiàng)微練：動(dòng)詞】1．Theforeignertriedtomakehimself___________(understand),butfailed.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】understood【詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：那個(gè)外國人試圖讓別人聽懂他的話，但沒有成功。句子的主語為tried。設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語動(dòng)詞，understand與邏輯主語himself之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞，作賓補(bǔ)。故填understood。2．Theteachermakesitaruletohavehisstudents________(read)Englisheverymorningforhalfanhour.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】read【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：老師規(guī)定學(xué)生每天早上讀半個(gè)小時(shí)的英語。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，此句have為使役動(dòng)詞，havesbdosth使某人做某事，此處作賓語補(bǔ)足語，用動(dòng)詞原形，read符合題意。故填read。3．She_________(towering)overotherdancersofhergeneration.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】towers/towered【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞、時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：她比同一代的其他舞者都高。分析句子可知，句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，空處需用towering的動(dòng)詞形式tower，表示“高出”。句子可能是描述現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，也可能是描述過去存在的狀態(tài)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都符合句意。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的情況下，主語She是單數(shù)，謂語動(dòng)詞需用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填towers/towered。4．TheInternetmakesitmore________(convenience)forustogetintouchwitheachother.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】convenient【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)為我們彼此聯(lián)系提供了便利。分析題意，在“make+賓語+賓補(bǔ)”的結(jié)構(gòu)中，賓補(bǔ)部分可用形容詞convenient充當(dāng)，意為“方便的，便利的”。故填convenient。5．Anyexperiencecanteachand________(strength)you,particularlythemoredifficultones.（所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空）【答案】strengthen【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：任何經(jīng)歷都能讓你學(xué)到東西并使你變得更強(qiáng)大，特別是那些比較困難的經(jīng)歷?？崭裉幮枰粋€(gè)動(dòng)詞原形與teach一起放在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can后面，作并列謂語動(dòng)詞，所給詞strength為名詞，其動(dòng)詞拼寫為strengthen意為“使變強(qiáng)大，加強(qiáng)”符合句意。故填strengthen。6．Whathelearnedfromschool_______________(able)himtogetthroughthework.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】enabled【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：他在學(xué)校所學(xué)的知識(shí)使他能夠完成這項(xiàng)工作。分析句子，該空需要一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語，前面what引導(dǎo)了主語從句；提示詞able為形容詞，其動(dòng)詞形式enable符合句意，enablesomebodytodosomething意為“使得某人能夠做某事”；根據(jù)主語從句謂語learned可判斷主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)使用一般過去時(shí)。故填enabled。7．Drunkdrivingnotonlyaffectsourdailylife,butmayalso_____(threat)people’slives.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】threaten【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：酒駕不僅影響我們的日常生活，而且還可能威脅到人們的生命。may是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，其后跟動(dòng)詞原形，threat的動(dòng)詞是threaten。故填threaten。8．Sendingacardisoneoftheappropriatewaysyoumayappreciate_______________(express)yourthankfulnesstoyourteacher.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】expressing【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：寄卡片是表達(dá)你對(duì)老師感激之情的適當(dāng)方式之一。根據(jù)所給句子分析可知，此處需要使用非謂語動(dòng)詞，作appreciate的賓語，與主語you是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此需要使用動(dòng)名詞形式構(gòu)成appreciatedoingsth.結(jié)構(gòu)，故填expressing。9．Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereable________(select)therighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】toselect【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：實(shí)驗(yàn)中，在大多數(shù)情況下Goffin的鳳頭鸚鵡僅通過視覺識(shí)別，就能夠選擇正確的工具。根據(jù)固定結(jié)構(gòu)beabletodosth.能夠做某事，可知，此處需使用toselect。故填toselect。10．ButJeff’shandtouchedthehotburnerandhegaveacryofpain.Jennamadehim_____(put)hishandincoldwater.(所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)【答案】put【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：但是杰夫的手碰到了灼熱的爐子，他痛苦地叫了一聲。珍娜讓他把手放進(jìn)冷水里。結(jié)合句意此處make為使役動(dòng)詞，makesbdosth意為“使某人做某事，讓某人做某事”。故填put?！菊骖}精選】（2023·鄭州高三統(tǒng)考）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Eachmorning,68-year-oldamateurcyclistCuiYuestartshisridealongtheTanglaiCanalinYinchuan,capitalofnorthwestChina’sNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion,____11____(enjoy)thepicturesquenaturalseeneries.____12____(Cycle)alongthecanalallowshimtoexperiencethecity’simprovingecology.Theover-2,000-year-oldcanalthatCuifrequents____13____(build)duringtheHanDynasty(202BC—AD220).ItaimedatbringingtheYellowRiverwatertopresent-dayNingxia____14____helpingturntheregionwithtracts(大片土地)ofdesertsintoarableland.Throughtheages,itisstillfunctioningasanecologicalcorridorandisthelargest____15____(natural)flowingtrunkcanalintheYellowRiverirrigationarea.Alongthecanal’s75-kmsectionrunningthroughurbanYinchuan,severalparkshavebeenbuiltwithwalkingandcycling____16____(route),contributingtothecity’sexpandinggreenspace____17____(map)outforpublicleisure.Thanksto____18____(technology)innovations,water-savingmeasures,andenvironmentalprotection,thewatervolumeinTanglaiCanalhasincreasedaboutfivefold____19____1billioncubicmetersinthepastfewyears,irrigatingfarmlandfor185daysayear.“TanglaiCanalisagreatancientwaterconservancyprojectinNingxia,_____20_____stillbenefitslocalpeoplemorethan2,000yearslater,”saidCui.“Theancientcanalwillinjectmorevitalityintotheagriculturalandecologicaldevelopmentofcitiesalongit.”【答案】11．toenjoy12．Cycling13．wasbuilt14．a(chǎn)nd15．naturally16．routes17．mapped18．technological19．to20．which【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了寧夏銀川的唐萊運(yùn)河，包括它的歷史、建造目的和生態(tài)作用，如今唐萊運(yùn)河的生態(tài)逐漸改善，發(fā)揮著農(nóng)業(yè)和生態(tài)的雙重作用。11．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：每天早上，68歲的業(yè)余自行車手崔悅都會(huì)沿著中國西北部寧夏回族自治區(qū)首府銀川的唐萊運(yùn)河騎行，欣賞風(fēng)景如畫的自然風(fēng)光。分析句子可知，句子成分完整，空處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，enjoythepicturesquenaturalseeneries是startshisride的目的，因此用enjoy不定式的形式toenjoy作目的狀語。故填toenjoy。12．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：沿著運(yùn)河騎自行車讓他感受到了城市生態(tài)的改善。分析句子可知，空處作句子的主語，描述一件已知的事，應(yīng)用Cycle的動(dòng)名詞形式Cycling，句首單詞首字母大寫。故填Cycling。13．考查時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：崔悅經(jīng)常經(jīng)過的這條運(yùn)河建于漢代（公元前202年—公元220年），已有2000多年的歷史。時(shí)間狀語為duringtheHanDynasty，句子用一般過去時(shí)，描述過去發(fā)生的事情，主語canal和build之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，且canal為單數(shù)，空處謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故填wasbuilt。14．考查連詞。句意：它的目的是把黃河的水引到今天的寧夏，并幫助把大片的沙漠變成耕地。分析句子可知，空后的helping和前面的bringing并列，作介詞at的賓語，空處需用連詞and把兩者連接起來。故填and。15．考查副詞。句意：古往今來，它仍然發(fā)揮著生態(tài)廊道的作用，是黃河灌區(qū)最大的自然流動(dòng)干渠。分析句子可知，空處修飾定語形容詞flowing，需用natural的副詞形式naturally，表示“自然地”。故填naturally。16．考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：運(yùn)河全長(zhǎng)75公里，貫穿銀川市，沿途修建了幾座公園，設(shè)有步行和自行車道，為銀川市不斷擴(kuò)大的公共休閑綠地做出了貢獻(xiàn)。結(jié)合句意和常識(shí)可知，公園內(nèi)設(shè)置的步行和自行車道不止一個(gè)，空處需用route的復(fù)數(shù)形式routes。故填routes。17．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：運(yùn)河全長(zhǎng)75公里，貫穿銀川市，沿途修建了幾座公園，設(shè)有步行和自行車道，為銀川市不斷擴(kuò)大的公共休閑綠地做出了貢獻(xiàn)。分析句子可知，空處作greenspace的后置定語，需用非謂語動(dòng)詞的形式，且greenspace和map之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，空處用map的過去分詞形式mapped。mapoutsth.為固定短語，意為“仔細(xì)規(guī)劃，計(jì)劃”。故填mapped。18．考查形容詞。句意：由于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、節(jié)水措施和環(huán)境保護(hù)，唐萊運(yùn)河的水量在過去幾年中增加了約5倍，達(dá)到10億立方米，每年灌溉農(nóng)田185天。分析句子可知，空處是修飾innovations的定語，需用technology的形容詞形式technological，表示“技術(shù)的”。故填technological。19．考查介詞。句意：由于技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、節(jié)水措施和環(huán)境保護(hù)，唐萊運(yùn)河的水量在過去幾年中增加了約5倍，達(dá)到10億立方米，每年灌溉農(nóng)田185天。根據(jù)空前“increasedaboutfivefold”和空后“1billioncubicmeters”可知，此處表示水量增長(zhǎng)了，達(dá)到10億立方米，表示“達(dá)到”需用介詞to。故填to。20．考查定語從句。句意：崔悅說：“唐萊運(yùn)河是寧夏一項(xiàng)偉大的古代水利工程，2000多年后仍在造福當(dāng)?shù)厝嗣瘛！狈治鼍渥涌芍?，空處引?dǎo)非限制性定語從句，對(duì)先行詞TanglaiCanal進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明，從句中缺少主語，空處應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。故填which。（2023·大同一模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Dujiangyanistheoldestman-madewatersystemintheworld,and____21____wonderinthedevelopmentofChinesescience.Builtover2,200yearsagoin____22____isnowSichuanProvinceinSouthwestChina,this____23____(amaze)engineeringachievementisstillusedtoday____24____(irrigate)over6,000squarekilometresoffarmland,takeawayfloodwaterandprovidewaterfor50citiesintheprovince.IntheWarringStatesPeriodofancientChina,LiBing,the____25____(govern)ofSichuan,foundthatthefloods,happenedfrequentlyintherainyseason,andwaterstoragewasshortduringthedryseason.Therefore,____26____(base)onthegeographicfeaturesoftheMinJiangRiver,andwithoutdoinganydamagetothe____27____(nature)environment,hebuiltaspecialstructuredamknownasDujiangyantodirectwateranddivertfloodsandsand.Thankstothedam,theregionwouldnolongerbe____28____(flood)duringtherainyseason,andwatersupplywouldbesufficientinthedryseason.Dujiangyan____29____(function)formorethan2,200years.Eventheearthquakewithamagnitudeof7.8____30____theRichterscale(里氏震級(jí))in2008,whichhappenednearthedam,didn’tdestroyit.Dujiangyanreflectstheideathatthelandwaterandpeoplecanliveinharmony.【答案】21．a(chǎn)22．what23．a(chǎn)mazing24．toirrigate25．governor26．based27．natural28．flooded29．hasfunctioned30．on【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是都江堰的重要性。21．考查冠詞。句意：都江堰是世界上最古老的人工水系，也是中國科學(xué)發(fā)展史上的一個(gè)奇跡。wonder意為“奇跡”，是可數(shù)名詞，表泛指，前面要加不定冠詞，wonder的發(fā)音是輔音音素開頭，因此不定冠詞用a，故填a。22．考查賓語從句。句意：這個(gè)了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中國西南部的四川省，至今仍用于灌溉6000多平方公里的農(nóng)田，帶走洪水，并為該省50個(gè)城市供水。空格處引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，從句中缺少主語，此處表示“位于中國西南部的四川省”這件事，因此用what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，故填what。23．考查形容詞。句意：這個(gè)了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中國西南部的四川省，至今仍用于灌溉6000多平方公里的農(nóng)田，帶走洪水，并為該省50個(gè)城市供水?？崭裉幱眯稳菰~作定語，修飾名詞“engineeringachievement”，engineeringachievement是物，因此用ing結(jié)尾的形容詞amazing修飾，意為“驚人的，了不起的”，故填amazing。24．考查不定式。句意：這個(gè)了不起的工程成就建于2200多年前，位于中國西南部的四川省，至今仍用于灌溉6000多平方公里的農(nóng)田，帶走洪水，并為該省50個(gè)城市供水。根據(jù)語境和句意可知，空格處用不定式表目的，故填toirrigate。25．考查名詞。句意：在中國古代的戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，四川總督李冰發(fā)現(xiàn)洪水在雨季頻繁發(fā)生，而在旱季儲(chǔ)水不足。空格處意為“總督”，應(yīng)用名詞governor作同位語，特指李冰，因此空格處用單數(shù)，故填governor。26．考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：因此，他根據(jù)岷江的地理特點(diǎn)，在不破壞自然環(huán)境的情況下，建造了一座特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的大壩，稱為都江堰，用于引水分流洪沙。句中built是謂語，空格處用非謂語動(dòng)詞，bebaseon是固定短語，意為“根據(jù)”，此處省去be用過去分詞作狀語。故填based。27．考查形容詞。句意：因此，他根據(jù)岷江的地理特點(diǎn)，在不破壞自然環(huán)境的情況下，建造了一座特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的大壩，稱為都江堰，用于引水分流洪沙?？崭裉幱眯稳菰~作定語，修飾名詞environment，nature的形容詞是natural，意為“自然的”，故填natural。28．考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：由于大壩的修建，該地區(qū)在雨季將不再被洪水淹沒，旱季的水供應(yīng)也將充足。地區(qū)是被淹沒，句子用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，空前有wouldbe，因此空格處用過去分詞，故填flooded。29．考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：都江堰已經(jīng)運(yùn)行了2200多年。由“formorethan2,200years”可知，句子時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語Dujiangyan是第三人稱單數(shù)，因此空格處是hasfunctioned。故填hasfunctioned。30．考查介詞。句意：即使是2008年發(fā)生在大壩附近的里氏7.8級(jí)地震也沒有摧毀大壩。ontheRichterscale意為“里氏震級(jí)”，因此空格處是介詞on，故填on。（2023·佛山二模）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Despiteitsrapidindustrialization,therearestillsomecornersinChinathathavemaintaineditsoriginalcolor.AncienttownsandvillagesinChinaareplaces____31____traditionsarewellpreservedintermsofarchitecture,lifestyleandfolkcustoms.AllofthesecanbefoundinHuangyaoAncientTown,oneofthemost-visitedtourist____32____(spot)inGuangxiZhuangAutonomousRegion.____33____(cover)anareaof3.6squarekilometers,Huangyaohasahistoryofnearly1,000years____34____itsoriginsdatingbacktotheSongDynasty.People____35____(carry)ontraditionalfestivalsandcustomshereforhundredsofyearsuptonow.DuringChineseLunarNewYear,over20traditionalperformances____36____(hold),includingthedragondanceandsuonahornshow.OnJuly14intheChineselunarcalendar,residentsoftencometotheriverbankandputlanternsintotheriver____37____(celebrate)ZhongyuanJie,theHungryGhostFestival.Blacksoybeanisoftenaddedtoitslocalfoodtocreatean____38____(extreme)distinctiveflavor.Whenyouvisit,Huangyaotofuis____39____must-trylocaldishasitissoldonlyinthistown.Itusuallytakesadayortwototouraroundtheoldtownduetoitssmallsize,butyoucanalwaysstay_____40_____(long)toexperiencemoreofitslocalhospitalityandculture.