四級(jí)語法英語四級(jí)考試基礎(chǔ)語法 分詞

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載分詞

意義:過去分詞通常來自及物動(dòng)詞,帶有被動(dòng)意義和完成意義;而現(xiàn)在分詞有的來自及物動(dòng)詞,有的來自不及物動(dòng)詞,通常帶有主動(dòng)意義和未完成意義.

frozenfood

afreezingwind

aboredtraveller

aboringjourney

alostcause

alosingbattle

aconqueredarmy

aconqueringarmy

afinishedarticle

thelastfinishingtouch

thespokenword

aspeakingbird

aclosedshop

theclosinghour

arecordedtalk

arecordingmachine

來自不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞很少能單獨(dú)用作前置修飾語,能作這樣用的僅限于下面幾個(gè)詞,僅表示完成意義,不表示被動(dòng)意義.

therisensun,fallenleaves,faded/witheredflowers,returnedstudents,retiredworkers,departedfriends,escapedprisoners,thevanishedjewels,newly-arrivedvisitors

用作后置修飾語的過去分詞一般都帶有修飾語或其他成分,在意義上相當(dāng)于關(guān)系分句.

Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothereceptionwereoldfriends.

句法作用

作定語:distinguishedguest貴賓,unknownheroes無名英雄,armedforces武裝部隊(duì),cannedfood罐頭食品,boiledwater開水,steamedbread饅頭,strickenarea災(zāi)區(qū)

分詞還可構(gòu)成合成詞作定語:simply-furnishedroom陳設(shè)簡單的房間,clear-cutanswer明確的答復(fù),highly-developedindustry高度發(fā)展的工業(yè),heartfeltthanks衷心的感謝,hand-madegoods手工制品,man-madesatellite人造衛(wèi)星

作補(bǔ)足語:可以帶過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞有:

see,hear,feel,find,think等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞.

Isawthestudentsassembledinthehall.

Wefoundhergreatlychanged.

make,get,have,keep等表示”致使”意義的動(dòng)詞:

Ihavemyhaircuteverytendays.

Shegotherbadtoothpulledout.

Pleasekeepusinformedofthelatestdevelopments.

like,want,wish,order等表示希望,要求,命令等意義的動(dòng)詞:

Idon’twantanyofyou(tobe)involvedinthescandal.

Hewon’tlikesuchquestions(tobe)discussedatthemeeting.

過去分詞短語常用作狀語,修飾謂語,很多都說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的背景或情況.

Guidedbytheseprinciples,theywentonwiththework,

Delightedwithherwork,theymadeherthegeneralmanager.

過去分詞短語也可作狀語表示原因,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示原因的狀語從句.

Influencedbyhisexample,theyperformedcountlessgooddeeds.

有時(shí)也可說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語從句.

Thismethod,triedinareasnearShanghai,resultedinamarkedriseintotalproduction.

間或也可表示一個(gè)假設(shè)的情況,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件從句.

Givencloseranalysis,wecanseethisistotallywrong.

偶爾也可用來代替一個(gè)“讓步”狀語從句.

Picked20yearsayear,itgrowstiredonlyafter40or50years.

獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu):在用分詞短語作狀語時(shí),它邏輯上的主語一般必須與句子的主語一.致.但有時(shí)它也可以有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語,這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu),一般表示一種伴隨的動(dòng)作或情況.

Herushedintotheroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.

有時(shí)可以表示時(shí)間:

Latethatautumn,hisworkfinished,hepreparedtoreturntohisinstitute.

表示原因:

Her