第04輯一輪閱讀 專題07 閱讀理解段落大意專練15篇（滿分攻略+高考真題+名校模擬）（教師版） 2025屆新高三英語(yǔ)提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）

試卷第=page3838頁(yè)，共=sectionpages3838頁(yè)2025屆新高三英語(yǔ)提分培優(yōu)通關(guān)練（高考真題+名校模擬）第04輯一輪閱讀專題07閱讀理解段落大意題專練15篇（攻略+真題+模擬）解析版【段落大意題滿分攻略】一、段落大意題干擾項(xiàng)特征1.過(guò)于籠統(tǒng)，不知所云。所概括的內(nèi)容超出原文的范圍。2.以偏概全，主次不分。以文章中的細(xì)節(jié)內(nèi)容或個(gè)別詞語(yǔ)做出選項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。3.移花接木，偷換概念。選項(xiàng)中定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)影響語(yǔ)意范圍，或者把屬于A的內(nèi)容放在B上。4.主觀臆測(cè)，無(wú)中生有。選項(xiàng)中關(guān)鍵詞也在文中提及，但選項(xiàng)的實(shí)際含義與文章主題無(wú)關(guān)。二、段落大意題兩大抓手1.尋找段落主題句解答段落大意題的關(guān)鍵是抓住段落的主題句。一般而言，每個(gè)段落總有一個(gè)中心，通常中心思想會(huì)在首句或尾句體現(xiàn)出來(lái)，這就是常說(shuō)的段落主題句?？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，采用歸納法的段落，細(xì)節(jié)表述在前，歸納概括在后，主題句在段尾；采用演繹法的段落，先提出觀點(diǎn)，后舉例子，由一般到特殊，主題句出現(xiàn)在段首，這種現(xiàn)象較多出現(xiàn)在說(shuō)明文和議論文中；若作者采用“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時(shí)，作者沒(méi)有寫(xiě)出明顯的主題句，考生要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。2.確定段落關(guān)鍵詞段落中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的詞匯一般就是段落關(guān)鍵詞，往往需要出現(xiàn)在正確選項(xiàng)中。三、段落大意題思維導(dǎo)圖【段落大意題高考真題】【2024新課標(biāo)I卷第26題】“Iamnotcrazy,”saysDr.WilliamFarber,shortlyafterperformingacupuncture(針灸)onarabbit.“Iamaheadofmytime.”Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.ButFarberiscertainhe’llhavethelastlaugh.He’soneofasmallbutgrowingnumberofAmericanveterinarians(獸醫(yī))nowpracticing“holistic”medicine–combiningtraditionalWesterntreatmentswithacupuncture,chiropractic(按摩療法)andherbalmedicine.Farber,agraduateofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutasamoreconventionalveterinarian.Hebecameinterestedinalternativetreatments20yearsagowhenhesufferedfromterriblebackpain.Hetriedmuscle-relaxingdrugsbutfoundlittlerelief.Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.“Sometimesitsurprisesmethatitworkssowell,”hesays.“Iwilldoanythingtohelpananimal.That’smyjob.”24.WhatdosomeofFarber’scoworkersthinkofhim?A.He’sodd. B.He’sstrict. C.He’sbrave. D.He’srude.25.WhydidFarberdecidetotryacupunctureonpets?A.Hewastrainedinitatuniversity.B.Hewasinspiredbyanotherveterinarian.C.Hebenefitedfromitasapatient.D.Hewantedtosavemoneyforpetowners.26.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?A.Stepsofachiropractictreatment.B.Thecomplexityofveterinarians’work.C.Examplesofrareanimaldiseases.D.Theeffectivenessofholisticmedicine.27.WhydoestheauthormentiontheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociation?A.ToproveFarber’spoint. B.Toemphasizeitsimportance.C.Topraiseveterinarians. D.Toadvocateanimalprotection.【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是記敘文。文章講述獸醫(yī)威廉·法伯(WilliamFarber)博士在從針灸中受益后，將綜合醫(yī)療應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物，并取得了初步成效。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Ifheseemsalittledefensive,itmightbebecauseevensomeofhiscoworkersoccasionallylaughathisunusualmethods.(如果他看起來(lái)有點(diǎn)自衛(wèi)，那可能是因?yàn)樗囊恍┩屡紶枙?huì)嘲笑他不尋常的方法。)”可知，F(xiàn)arber的同事們有時(shí)會(huì)嘲笑他不尋常的方法，他們認(rèn)為他很奇怪。故選A。25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Thenhetriedacupuncture,anancientChinesepractice,andwasamazedthatheimprovedaftertwoorthreetreatments.Whatworkedonaveterinarianseemedlikelytoworkonhispatients.So,afterstudyingthetechniquesforacoupleofyears,hebeganofferingthemtopets.(然后，他嘗試了針灸，這是一種古老的中國(guó)療法，并驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)，經(jīng)過(guò)兩三次治療，他的病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。對(duì)獸醫(yī)有效的方法似乎對(duì)他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了這些技術(shù)幾年后，他開(kāi)始把它們提供給寵物。)”可知，F(xiàn)arber作為患者從針灸中受益，這促使他決定嘗試在寵物上使用針灸。故選C。26.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“LeighTindale’sdogCharliehadaseriousheartcondition.AfterCharliehadaheartattack,Tindalesays,shewaspreparedtoputhimtosleep,butFarber’streatmentseasedherdog’ssufferingsomuchthatshewasabletokeephimaliveforanadditionalfivemonths.AndPriscillaDewingreportsthatherhorse,Nappy,“movesmoreeasilyandridesmorecomfortably”afterachiropracticadjustment.(利·廷代爾的狗查理患有嚴(yán)重的心臟病。廷代爾說(shuō)，查理心臟病發(fā)作后，她準(zhǔn)備讓他進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)，但法伯的治療大大減輕了她的狗的痛苦，她能夠讓它多活五個(gè)月。普里西拉·杜因(PriscillaDewing)報(bào)告說(shuō)，她的馬納皮(Nappy)經(jīng)過(guò)脊椎按摩調(diào)整后，“行動(dòng)更容易，乘車更舒服”。)”可知，本段主要講述了兩個(gè)例子，一個(gè)是Farber通過(guò)整體醫(yī)學(xué)方法幫助了患有嚴(yán)重心臟病的狗Charlie，另一個(gè)是馬Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治療后移動(dòng)和騎行更為舒適。這些例子都是為了說(shuō)明整體醫(yī)學(xué)的有效性。故選D。27.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“Farberiscertainthattheholisticapproachwillgrowmorepopularwithtime,andifthepastisanyindication,hemayberight:Since1982,membershipintheAmericanHolisticVeterinaryMedicalAssociationhasgrownfrom30toover700.(法伯確信，隨著時(shí)間的推移，綜合療法會(huì)越來(lái)越受歡迎，如果過(guò)去有任何跡象的話，他可能是對(duì)的:自1982年以來(lái)，美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)。)”可知，法伯認(rèn)為綜合療法會(huì)越來(lái)越受歡迎，隨后作者列舉了美國(guó)綜合獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)的會(huì)員已經(jīng)從30個(gè)增加到700多個(gè)的例子，因此推斷美國(guó)整體獸醫(yī)協(xié)會(huì)是為證明法伯的觀點(diǎn)。故選A?！?023新課標(biāo)I卷第32題】OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist(轉(zhuǎn)折)onthisclassicphenomenon.Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn’tthedominantresponse.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether.”Somehow,theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsmanyquestionsremainthepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.32.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A.Themethodsofestimation. B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C.Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D.ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.33.Navajas’studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif________.A.thecrowdswererelativelysmall B.therewereoccasionalunderestimatesC.individualsdidnotcommunicate D.estimateswerenotfullyindependent34.Whatdidthefollow-upstudyfocuson?A.Thesizeofthegroups. B.Thedominantmembers.C.Thediscussionprocess. D.Theindividualestimates.35.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardNavajas’studies?A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.【答案】32.B33.D34.C35.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。沒(méi)有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，在某些情況下大量獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。32.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andcometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.(這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)，即當(dāng)人們犯錯(cuò)誤時(shí)，這些錯(cuò)誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會(huì)高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平均在一起時(shí)，它們會(huì)相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤，那么他們的錯(cuò)誤不會(huì)相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。如果由于任何原因，人們的錯(cuò)誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計(jì)的準(zhǔn)確性就會(huì)下降。)”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯(cuò)誤不總是相同的，各不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會(huì)產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計(jì)，討論了獨(dú)立估計(jì)的平均如何由于誤差的消除而導(dǎo)致更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測(cè)。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。33.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.(從更專業(yè)的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計(jì)是獨(dú)立的。)”和第三段的“Thekeyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.(這項(xiàng)研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時(shí)，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨(dú)立個(gè)體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個(gè)五人討論組的估計(jì)中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個(gè)獨(dú)立個(gè)體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。)”可知，人們?cè)跊](méi)有獨(dú)立的情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說(shuō)明即使在估計(jì)數(shù)字并非完全獨(dú)立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也是可以做到的。故選D。34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollow-upstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?(在一項(xiàng)針對(duì)100名大學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實(shí)際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對(duì)自己的估計(jì)最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎？)”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中實(shí)際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個(gè)問(wèn)題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點(diǎn)是小組內(nèi)的討論過(guò)程。故選C。35.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecision-makingareenormous.(盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性，仍存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的。)”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問(wèn)題，但對(duì)小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對(duì)于Navajas的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D?！径温浯笠忸}名校模擬】【段落大意題專練01】（24-25高三上·廣東肇慶·階段練習(xí)）Startedin1973,theLosAngelesRegionalFoodBankhasdistributedmorethan1.9billionpoundsoffoodinthepast50years.Helpfromlocalpeopleandbusinessesenablestheorganizationtosupplymealsandgroceriestolocalfamiliesandindividuals.“I’malwaysmotivatedbecauseIseethattheneedisstillveryhigh,”saysVictoriaLasavath,marketingandcommunicationsmanagerfortheLosAngelesRegionalFoodBank.Accordingtorecentsurveys,foodinsecurityinLosAngelesincreased6%between2022and2023.Thatmeansthreeintenhouseholdsdon’thaveenoughtoeat.Infact,thefoodbankprovidesmealsthatdon’trequiremuchpreparation.“It’snottruethateverybodyhasahomeandthateverybodyhasakitchentocookin.”Victoriasaid.Thefoodbankeducatesthepublicaboutnutritionandadvocatesgovernmentpoliciesthataddressfoodinsecurity.Anotherkeyobjectiveistohelpreducefoodwaste,especiallyfruitsandvegetablesthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.Thefoodbankhasbeenabletorescuefoodthatwouldhavegonetoalandfillandgiveittopeoplewhoneedit.OneinfourkidsinLosAngelesfacesfoodinsecurity.Throughvariousprograms,thefoodbankgivesnutritiousmealstoasmanychildrenaspossible.Onefoodbankproposal,ledbyGonzalez’sgroup,providesmealsforkidswhenthey’reonsummerbreak.Whenaskedaboutthepurposeoftheproject,Gonzalezsaid,“Wenoticedthatkidsweren’treceivingthenutrientsandthefoodresourcesthattheyhadatschool.”O(jiān)therprogramsincludetheSchoolBreakfastProgram,theBackpackProgram,andtheAfterschoolMealProgram.Whenaskedhowtohelpindividualsfacingfoodinsecurityintheirowncommunities,Gonzalezsuggesteddonatingtothefoodbank.“Ifyouwanttomakeachange,”shesaid,“youcanalwaysdosomethingsmallandmakeabigdifferenceinsomeone’sheart.”1.Howdoestheauthorshowthefoodbank’seffectinparagraph1?A.Bylistingdata. B.Byusingdiagrams.C.Byquotingasaying. D.Bymakingacomparison.2.WhichofthefollowingfitsLosAngelesaccordingtothetext?A.Thereisanoversupplyoffood. B.Thefoodinsecurityisontherise.C.Thereisabalancedfooddistribution. D.Thefoodproblemislackingattention.3.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Aformofhealthyeating. B.Afoodwastephenomenon.C.Thegoalsofthefoodbank. D.Thepublicreactiontothepolicies.4.WhatdoesGonzalezproposedoing?A.Supportingthefoodbank. B.Addingmorefoodprograms.C.Controllingthefoodresources. D.QuittingtheSummerLunchProgram.【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.A【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了洛杉磯地區(qū)食品銀行的歷史、功能、目標(biāo)以及所開(kāi)展的各種項(xiàng)目。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Startedin1973,theLosAngelesRegionalFoodBankhasdistributedmorethan1.9billionpoundsoffoodinthepast50years.Helpfromlocalpeopleandbusinessesenablestheorganizationtosupplymealsandgroceriestolocalfamiliesandindividuals.(洛杉磯地區(qū)食物銀行成立于1973年，在過(guò)去的50年里分發(fā)了超過(guò)19億磅的食物。當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窈推髽I(yè)的幫助使該組織能夠向當(dāng)?shù)丶彝ズ蛡€(gè)人提供膳食和雜貨)”可知，作者通過(guò)列出數(shù)據(jù)展示食物銀行的效果。故選A項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Accordingtorecentsurveys,foodinsecurityinLosAngelesincreased6%between2022and2023.Thatmeansthreeintenhouseholdsdon’thaveenoughtoeat.(根據(jù)最近的調(diào)查，從2022年到2023年，洛杉磯的糧食不安全狀況增加了6%。這意味著十分之三的家庭沒(méi)有足夠的食物)”可知，洛杉磯的糧食不安全狀況增加了6%，所以糧食不安全狀況正在加劇。故選B項(xiàng)。3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Thefoodbankeducatesthepublicaboutnutritionandadvocatesgovernmentpoliciesthataddressfoodinsecurity.Anotherkeyobjectiveistohelpreducefoodwaste,especiallyfruitsandvegetablesthatwouldotherwisebethrownaway.Thefoodbankhasbeenabletorescuefoodthatwouldhavegonetoalandfillandgiveittopeoplewhoneedit.(食物銀行向公眾普及營(yíng)養(yǎng)知識(shí)，并倡導(dǎo)政府出臺(tái)解決糧食不安全問(wèn)題的政策。另一個(gè)關(guān)鍵目標(biāo)是幫助減少食物浪費(fèi)，尤其是那些本會(huì)被丟棄的水果和蔬菜。食物銀行成功地從本應(yīng)被填埋的垃圾中挽救出食物，并將其分發(fā)給需要的人)”可知，本段主要講述食物銀行的目標(biāo)。故選C項(xiàng)。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“OtherprogramsincludetheSchoolBreakfastProgram,theBackpackProgram,andtheAfterschoolMealProgram.Whenaskedhowtohelpindividualsfacingfoodinsecurityintheirowncommunities,Gonzalezsuggesteddonatingtothefoodbank.“Ifyouwanttomakeachange,”shesaid,“youcanalwaysdosomethingsmallandmakeabigdifferenceinsomeone’sheart.”(其他項(xiàng)目包括學(xué)校早餐項(xiàng)目、背包項(xiàng)目和課后膳食項(xiàng)目。當(dāng)被問(wèn)及如何幫助那些在自己的社區(qū)面臨糧食不安全的人時(shí)，岡薩雷斯建議向食品銀行捐款?！叭绻阆胱龀龈淖?，”她說(shuō)，“你總是可以做一些小事，讓別人的心發(fā)生很大的變化?！?”可知，岡薩雷斯的建議是向食品銀行捐款，也就是支持食品銀行。故選A項(xiàng)。【段落大意題專練02】（23-24高二下·江西九江·階段練習(xí)）Manypeopleconsidermosquitobitesjustpartofsummerlivingbuttheseinsectscancarrydiseases.Mosquitoesareactuallysomeofthemostdangerouscreaturesontheplanet.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,mosquitoescauseover700,000deathseveryyear.Butthereisnewhopeinthebattlebetweenmanandmosquito.ScientistsatAuburnUniversity,inAlabama,mayhavefoundthesecrettostoppingmosquito-bornediseases.“Wehavecreatedatypeoffabricthatblocksmosquitobites,”saysJohnBeckmann,wholeadsthelabattheuniversity,Beckmannrememberedacampingtripfromwhichhereturnedriddledwithkissesfrommosquitoesdespitewearingalong-sleevedshirt.“Peoplesay,‘wearlongsleeves’alot,”Beckmannsaid,“butlongsleevesdon’tblockmosquitoes.”Whilesomecompaniesaremakingwhattheystateisbite-proofclothing,theclothingincludessomeharmfulchemicalsorismadeofthickfabricsthataretoohottowearandareeasilybeatenbymosquitoes.That’sbecausethereareholesinthemakeupoftheirfabricsthatmosquitoesandotherbitinginsectscangetthrough.Thekeyistodiscoverafabricthatcanremovetheseholesandisstillcoolenoughtowearinhotweather.“Thatisthereasonwhythisprojectisnotaseasyaspeoplethink”saidBeckmann.“Youobviouslyneedyourclothestobebreathable.Butthatusuallycomesatthecostoflettingmosquitoesbitethroughthem.Sothebasicproblemiskeepingtheholestherewhileblockingtinymosquitomouth-partsatthesametime.”Theteamtriedbyusingacomputernumericalcontrolknitting(編織)machinethatcouldbeprogrammedwithdifferentdesignsuntiltheyfoundabite-proofone.Theendresultisaproductthattheresearcherscomparetopopularhigh-qualityathleticwear.Buttheresearchersarestillnotsatisfiedandwillbespendingthenextyearperfectingthecomfortofthematerialandfinallycreatingaclothingline.Thehopeisthatfinallyanytypeoffabriccanbeknittedintothelab’sdesign,sothatallkindsofclothingcompaniesfrombabyclothingproducerstodressdesignerscouldcreatebite-proofclothing.1.WhathappenedtoBeckmannonacampingtrip?A.Hewasbadlybittenbymosquitoes.B.Hediscoveredanewkindofmosquito.C.Hefeltunbearablyhotwithlong-sleevedclothes.D.Hemasteredsomeskillsindealingwithmosquitoes.2.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Thepopularityofbite-proofclothing.B.Disadvantagesofexistingbite-proofclothing.C.Advancementsinbite-proofclothing.D.Comparisonsbetweendifferenttypesofbite-proofclothing.3.Whichofthefollowingisthegoaloftheresearchers?A.Persuademoreresearcherstojoinin.B.Makethedesignapplicabletodifferentfabrics.C.Findafabricsuitableforalldesigns.D.Getfundedbyclothingcompanies.4.whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Mosquitoes:TheSilentKillers B.TheBattleAgainstMosquitoesC.AStepTowardsaBite-FreeFuture D.ProvenWaystoPreventMosquitoBites【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.C【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要講的是來(lái)自阿拉巴馬州Auburn大學(xué)的科學(xué)家JohnBeckmann及其團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新型布料，能夠阻止蚊子叮咬。這種布料通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控編織機(jī)制作，具有與高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)服相似的特性，既透氣又能防止蚊子叮咬，為防蚊戰(zhàn)斗帶來(lái)了新的希望。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Beckmannrememberedacampingtripfromwhichhereturnedriddledwithkissesfrommosquitoesdespitewearingalong-sleevedshirt.(Beckmann記得有一次露營(yíng)旅行，盡管穿著長(zhǎng)袖襯衫，但他回來(lái)時(shí)卻被蚊子咬得滿身都是。)”可知，Beckmann在露營(yíng)時(shí)被蚊子咬得很厲害。故選A。2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“Whilesomecompaniesaremakingwhattheystateisbite-proofclothing,theclothingincludessomeharmfulchemicalsorismadeofthickfabricsthataretoohottowearandareeasilybeatenbymosquitoes.That’sbecausethereareholesinthemakeupoftheirfabricsthatmosquitoesandotherbitinginsectscangetthrough.(雖然一些公司正在生產(chǎn)他們聲稱是防咬的衣服，但這些衣服含有一些有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)，或者是由厚厚的織物制成的，這些織物太熱而不能穿，很容易被蚊子叮咬。這是因?yàn)樗鼈兊目椢锷嫌卸?，蚊子和其他咬人的昆蟲(chóng)可以通過(guò))”可知，第四段主要講的是現(xiàn)有防咬服的缺點(diǎn)。故選B。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thehopeisthatfinallyanytypeoffabriccanbeknittedintothelab’sdesign,sothatallkindsofclothingcompaniesfrombabyclothingproducerstodressdesignerscouldcreatebite-proofclothing.(希望最終任何類型的面料都能被編織到實(shí)驗(yàn)室的設(shè)計(jì)中，這樣從嬰兒服裝生產(chǎn)商到服裝設(shè)計(jì)師的各種服裝公司都能生產(chǎn)出防咬的衣服)”可知，研究人員的目標(biāo)是找一種適合所有設(shè)計(jì)的布料。故選C。4.主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第二段“Butthereisnewhopeinthebattlebetweenmanandmosquito.

ScientistsatAuburnUniversity,inAlabama,mayhavefoundthesecrettostoppingmosquito-bornediseases.(但是人類和蚊子之間的戰(zhàn)斗有了新的希望。阿拉巴馬州奧本大學(xué)的科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)找到了阻止蚊子傳播疾病的秘密)”和倒數(shù)第二段“Theteamtriedbyusingacomputernumericalcontrolknitting(編織)machinethatcouldbeprogrammedwithdifferentdesignsuntiltheyfoundabite-proofone.(該團(tuán)隊(duì)嘗試使用計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控編織機(jī)，該編織機(jī)可以根據(jù)不同的設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行編程，直到他們找到了一種防咬的編織機(jī))”可知，本文主要講的是來(lái)自阿拉巴馬州Auburn大學(xué)的科學(xué)家JohnBeckmann及其團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種新型布料，能夠阻止蚊子叮咬。這種布料通過(guò)計(jì)算機(jī)數(shù)控編織機(jī)制作，具有與高質(zhì)量運(yùn)動(dòng)服相似的特性，既透氣又能防止蚊子叮咬，為防蚊戰(zhàn)斗帶來(lái)了新的希望，因此本文最好的題目是C選項(xiàng)“AStepTowardsaBite-FreeFuture(邁向無(wú)咬未來(lái)的一步)”。故選C。【段落大意題專練03】（24-25高三上·江蘇蘇州·開(kāi)學(xué)考試）In2013,twoyearsintoherdoctoralstudiesonforensic(法醫(yī)的)jewelry,MariaMalennanfoundherselfinahospitalinNamibia,helpingidentifythevictimsofaplanecrashthathadkilledeveryoneonboard.Itwasthefirsttimeshehadputhertheoreticalskillsintopractice,examiningpiecesofjewelryfoundintheruinsandusingherknowledgeofdesigns,materialsandtheindustrytoprovideinvestigatorswithleads.“Beingaforensicjewelerisnotreallyajobthatactuallyexists,”Dr.Maclennan,35,saidduringarecentinterviewatherofficeinEdinburgh.“Insomeways,it’ssomethingI’vemadeupandamstillmakingupasIgo.”Sincethenshehashelpedidentifythevictimsofmanycatastrophes,includingbuildingcollapses,naturaldisastersandaterroristattack.Andwhilethesituationscanbemiserable—sometimes,shesaid,thejewelrywasallbutfused(熔合)intohumanremains—shehasapproachedthejobasaprofessional:“You’rewearingyourforensicglovesandit’sallverymethodicalanddetached(不帶感情的)fromtheperson,thehumanbeing.”Butthereisapartoftheprocessthatshefindsemotionallydifficult.“It’sattheend,thereturning,whenyougivethebelongingsbacktothefamily,whichreallystrikesme,”shesaid.“Youlookatthepieceasasortofarepresentationoftheindividual.Especially,Ithink,intheabsenceofthehumanbody.”Dr.MaclennannowisamemberofadisastervictimidentificationteamforBlakeEmergencyServices,basedinCheshire,England.“Mariaistheonlyonewhodoeswhatshedoes,”saidCaroleDavenport,thearchaeologymanageratBlake.“She’sattheforefrontofafieldthatsheinvented.Shetooktheskillsshelearnedasajewelerandsheappliedthistotheforensicsworld.Jewelrycanbeparticulartoareas,andtherearecertainuniquethingsaboutjewelrythatcanhelpyoualmostreadlifeofaperson.That’swhatMariadoes.”1.WhatdidMaclennanapplyherjewelryknowledgeto?A.Furtheringherdoctoralstudies.B.Designingcustom-madejewelry.C.Recognizingtheidentitiesofvictims.D.Reformingforensicjewelryindustry.2.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.WhatMaclennandoesasaforensicjeweler.B.Whenforensicjewelrycameintoexistence.C.WhyMaclennanchosetobeaforensicjeweler.D.Howforensicjewelersareviewedbythepublic.3.HowdoesMaclennanfeelwhilereturningvictims’belongings?A.Sheishardlyaffectedasitisaroutineforher.B.Shefeelssorryforwhatshehasdonetothevictims.C.Sheisrelievedthattheprocessbringscomforttothefamilies.D.Shefeelssadasshehasdeepempathyforthevictims’families.4.HowdoesDavenportdescribeMaclennaninthelastparagraph?A.Firmandambitious. B.Innovativeandcompetent.C.Intelligentandgenerous. D.Sensitiveandresponsible.【答案】1.C2.A3.D4.B【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文的體裁屬于新聞報(bào)道。文章主要介紹了法醫(yī)珠寶專家MariaMalennan的工作經(jīng)歷、專業(yè)技能以及在災(zāi)難受害者身份識(shí)別領(lǐng)域所做出的貢獻(xiàn)。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In2013,twoyearsintoherdoctoralstudiesonforensic(法醫(yī)的)jewelry,MariaMalennanfoundherselfinahospitalinNamibia,helpingidentifythevictimsofaplanecrashthathadkilledeveryoneonboard.Itwasthefirsttimeshehadputhertheoreticalskillsintopractice,examiningpiecesofjewelryfoundintheruinsandusingherknowledgeofdesigns,materialsandtheindustrytoprovideinvestigatorswithleads.(2013年，MariaMalennan攻讀法醫(yī)珠寶博士學(xué)位已經(jīng)兩年了，她發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在納米比亞的一家醫(yī)院里，幫助辨認(rèn)一架飛機(jī)失事的遇難者，那次飛機(jī)失事導(dǎo)致機(jī)上所有人遇難。這是她第一次將自己的理論技能應(yīng)用到實(shí)踐中，檢查在廢墟中發(fā)現(xiàn)的珠寶，并利用她對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)、材料和行業(yè)的了解為調(diào)查人員提供線索。)”可知，Maclennan將她的珠寶知識(shí)應(yīng)用于識(shí)別受害者的身份。故選C。2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段““Beingaforensicjewelerisnotreallyajobthatactuallyexists,”Dr.Maclennan,35,saidduringarecentinterviewatherofficeinEdinburgh.“Insomeways,it’ssomethingI’vemadeupandamstillmakingupasIgo.”Sincethenshehashelpedidentifythevictimsofmanycatastrophes,includingbuildingcollapses,naturaldisastersandaterroristattack.Andwhilethesituationscanbemiserable—sometimes,shesaid,thejewelrywasallbutfused(熔合)intohumanremains—shehasapproachedthejobasaprofessional:“You’rewearingyourforensicglovesandit’sallverymethodicalanddetached(不帶感情的)fromtheperson,thehumanbeing.”(“法醫(yī)珠寶師并不是一個(gè)真正存在的工作，”35歲的Maclennan最近在Edinburgh的辦公室接受采訪時(shí)說(shuō)?！霸谀撤N程度上，這是我編造出來(lái)的，而且我還在不斷編造?！睆哪且院螅龓椭_定了許多災(zāi)難的受害者，包括建筑物倒塌、自然災(zāi)害和恐怖襲擊。雖然情況可能會(huì)很悲慘——她說(shuō)，有時(shí)候，珠寶幾乎融入了人類的遺體——但她以專業(yè)的態(tài)度對(duì)待這項(xiàng)工作：“你戴著法醫(yī)手套，一切都很有條理，與人、人本身無(wú)關(guān)?！?”可知，第二段主要描述了Maclennan作為法醫(yī)珠寶師的工作內(nèi)容和經(jīng)歷。故選A。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Butthereisapartoftheprocessthatshefindsemotionallydifficult.“It’sattheend,thereturning,whenyougivethebelongingsbacktothefamily,whichreallystrikesme,”shesaid.“Youlookatthepieceasasortofarepresentationoftheindividual.Especially,Ithink,intheabsenceofthehumanbody.”(但是，整個(gè)過(guò)程中有一部分讓她感到情感上的困擾。“是在最后，歸還物品的時(shí)候，當(dāng)你把這些遺物交還給家屬時(shí)，這真的觸動(dòng)了我，”她說(shuō)?！澳銜?huì)把這件物品看作是個(gè)體的一種象征。尤其是在沒(méi)有遺體的情況下?！?”可知，Maclennan在歸還受害者遺物時(shí)感到悲傷，因?yàn)樗龑?duì)受害者家屬有深深的同情。故選D。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容““Mariaistheonlyonewhodoeswhatshedoes,”saidCaroleDavenport,thearchaeologymanageratBlake.“She’sattheforefrontofafieldthatsheinvented.Shetooktheskillsshelearnedasajewelerandsheappliedthistotheforensicsworld.Jewelrycanbeparticulartoareas,andtherearecertainuniquethingsaboutjewelrythatcanhelpyoualmostreadlifeofaperson.That’swhatMariadoes.”(“Maria是唯一一個(gè)這樣做的人，”Blake考古經(jīng)理卡CaroleDavenport說(shuō)?！八驹谧约簞?chuàng)造的領(lǐng)域的最前沿。她把自己當(dāng)珠寶商時(shí)學(xué)到的技能應(yīng)用到了法醫(yī)領(lǐng)域。珠寶可以是特定的領(lǐng)域，珠寶有一些獨(dú)特的東西可以幫助你幾乎了解一個(gè)人的生活。Maria就是這么做的。”)”可知，Davenport認(rèn)為Maclennan是創(chuàng)新且有能力的。故選B。【段落大意題專練04】（23-24高三上·山東日照·階段練習(xí)）HerewerethesimpleinstructionsgivenbyaHarvardUniversityassistantprofessortopeopleparticipatinginarecentsciencestudy:“Imaginethefollowingscene.Visualizeitinyourmind’seye,asvividlyasyoucan:apersonwalksintoaroomandknocksaballoffatable.”Theprofessor,TomerUlman,thenaskedthoseinthestudyabouttheirmentalimages:“Didyouseehowbigtheballwas?Howabouttheperson’shaircolor?”Mostparticipantsvisualizedtheformerbutnotthelatter.Ullmanandhiscolleaguestermthisabsenceofdetails“noncommitment”tomentalimagery(意象).Brainimagingstudiesshowthatmentalimageryengagesthesameneurons(神經(jīng)元)insimilarwaysasperception(感知).Visualizingthingsseemstohavemuchincommonwithactuallyseeingthem.Butifmentalimagesareindeedpictures,whydotheylacksuchsimpledetails?Ullmanandcolleaguesconductedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichparticipantsvisualizedtheballandtablesceneandwerethenpresentedwiththequestionsselectedbytheresearchers.Thefindingsshow78%ofparticipantsdidnotvisualizeatleasttwodetails.Peopleareoftenunawareofhowlittledetailtheirmentalimagescontainuntilasked.Theydon’tnoticehowmuchtheydon’tnotice.Ithasnothingtodowithapersonforgettingthecontentsofamentalimage,anditalsoisfoundinpeoplewithvividimaginations.“Nearlyeveryonecantellyousizeoftheballbutnottheperson’shaircolor,”Ullmansays.“It’slikewehaveonehierarchywhenweconstructimages,firstwebuildspacehighupandthenthingslikecolorarefurtherdown.”ThisisthesamewithKosslin’s“skeletalimage”theory,inwhichtheoverallshapeisfirstgeneratedandotherdetailsarethenaddedasneeded.“Thereareimagery-basedsystemsforinterviewingpeoplewhowitnessedacrimetoguidethemthroughtryingtovisualizeitasaccuratelyaspossib