12Grammar-2022-2023學年八年級英語下冊（牛津深圳版）

Unit1Grammar基礎篇一、夯實基礎A不定式的語法功能1.作主語1)眼見為實_________________istobelieve2)昨天我花2小時做作業(yè)。It_________me2hours___________________myhomeworkyesterday.3)對一個13歲的男孩來說，獨自去外國旅游真的是很勇敢。________brave________a13yearoldboy________________aroundtheforeigncountriesalone.4)對孩子們來說，穿過繁忙的街道很危險。_______________verydangerousforchildren___________________thebusystreet.【答案】1)Tosee2)tooktofinish3)It’softotravel4.Itistocross【解析】2，3，4，題it是形式主語。不定式作真正主語。2.作賓語習慣接動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：agree,ask,choose,decide,hope,learn,offer,plan,promise,want,wish,wouldlike等1）她希望將來去美國留學Shehopes__________________inAmericainthefuture.2)我想買個新相機。Iwant_________________anewcamera.3)她答應會來。Shepromised________________.4)他們決定步行去那兒。They________________________________thereonfoot.【答案】1)tostudy2)tobuy3)toe4)decidetogo【解析】這些不定式都是做賓語。3.作表語1)我的夢想是當一名老師。Mydreamis______________________ateacher2)他似乎很有錢。Heseems__________________veryrich.3)他的任務是照顧好他的妹妹。Histaskis__________________________________hissisterwell.【答案】1)tobe/beea2)tobe3)tolookafter【解析】這些不定式都是做表語。4）不定式作賓語補助語這類結構常見于asksb.todosth.tellsbtodosthwantsb.todosth.advisesb.todo這類動詞常有：advise,allow,ask,encourage,help,invite,order,teach,tell,want,wish等。1）我爸媽不許我晚上外出Myparentsdon’tallow_______________________outatnight.2）老師叫我們把這些單詞寫下來。Theteachertold__________________________________thewords.3)他鼓勵我努力學習Heencouraged_________________________hard.4)他昨天用機器人完成他的作業(yè)。Heused___________________________________hishomework.【答案】1)metogo2)ustowritedown3)metostudy4)arobottofinish/do【解析】這些不定式都是做賓語補助語，補充說明賓語。5）不定式作狀語1）他來借錢。Hecame__________________somemoney.2)他每周六都去那照顧病人。EverySaturday,hewentthere________________________thepatients.3)很高興見到你Iamglad__________________you.【答案】1)toborrow2)tolookafter（表示目的狀語）3)tosee(表示原因狀語)6）不定式作定語（后面章節(jié)再學習）B不定式的疑問式“疑問詞+todo”結構，相當于相應的從句1）他們正在學習如何幫助殘疾人。Theyarelearning___________________________disabledpeople.2）你知道在哪兒買飛機票嗎？Doyouknow________________________________flighttickets?3）他知道什么時候開始。Heknew_________________________________.4)請告訴我下一步做什么。Pleasetellme______________________________next.5)打擾一下，請問書店怎么走？Excuseme,couldyoutellme_________________________________thebookshop?【答案】1.howtohelp2.wheretobuy3.whentostart4.whattodo5.howtogettoC不定式的否定式1)老師提醒上課不要睡覺。TheteacherwarnedKate_________________________inclass.2)老師告訴Sally即使是沒有時間也不要放棄彈鋼琴.TheteachertoldSallyplayingthepianoeventhoughshehadnotime3）警察叫那些孩子不要在馬路上玩耍。Thepolicetoldthechildren_________________________ontheroad.【答案】1.nottosleep2.nottogiveup3.nottoplayD省略to的不定式省略to的不定式常有l(wèi)et,make，see,hear，watch。而help后作賓語或賓補時可以用to，也可以省略to1）別讓小孩玩火。Don’t_________yourchild_________withfire.2)這喧鬧的音樂使我想離開。Theloudmusicmade____________________toleave.3)我看見她進了這家醫(yī)院。I__________her____________thehospital.4)我們經常聽到她唱這首歌。Weoften__________her_________thissong.【答案】1.letplay2.mewant3.sawenter4.hearsing二、單項選擇。1.MissChen,mydearEnglishteacher,oftenencouragesme______thechallengesinmystudy.A.face B.faces C.facing D.toface【答案】D【解析】句意：陳老師，我親愛的英語老師，經常鼓勵我面對學習中的挑戰(zhàn)。A.face動詞原形；B.faces動詞三單式；C.facing分詞或動名詞；D.toface動詞不定式。encouragesb.todosth.鼓勵某人做某事，故答案為D。2.Remember________thebookintimewhenyouhavefinished________it.A.toreturn;reading B.returning;readingC.returning;toread D.toreturn;toread【答案】A【解析】句意：當你看完書后記住按時還?？疾榉侵^語動詞。remembertodosth“記得去做某事”，rememberdoingsth“記得做過某事”，根據“Remember...thebookintime”可知，句子建議及時還書，事情還未做，第一空用動詞不定式toreturn作賓語，排除B和C；finishdoingsth“做完某事”，第二空用動名詞reading作賓語。故選A。3.Theydecided______tothecinema.A.nottogoB.tonotgoC.notgoingD.goingnot【答案】A【解析】decidetodo否定，decidenottodo。4.MrWangoftenletsus_________ouropinionsinclass.A.toshare B.sharing C.shared D.share【答案】D【解析】句意：王老師經常讓我們在課堂上分享自己的觀點?？疾榉侵^語動詞。letsb.dosth.“讓某人做某事”，此處用省略to的不定式作賓語補足語。故選D。5.Theystopped________,buttherewasnosound.A.listen B.listening C.tolistening D.tolisten【答案】D【解析】句意：他們停下來聽，但沒有聲音。stoptodo表示停止手頭上的事，去做另一件事。stopdoing表示停下來現(xiàn)在做的事，卻什么都不做。根據句子buttherewasnosound.可知，但沒有聲音。說明他們是停止手頭上的事，去聽。沒有聽到聲音。故選D。6.Headvisedme_______anewputer.A.tobuyB.buyC.buyingD.bought【答案】A【解析】advisesb.todo建議某人做某事。不定式作賓語補助語。7.Don’tmakechildren_______toomuchhomework.A.doingB.todoC.doD.did【答案】C【解析】makesb.do省略to的不定式。不定式作賓語補助語。8.Iwanttoknow_______.whenleaveB.whentoleaveC.leavewhenD.toleavewhen【答案】B【解析】不定式的疑問式。疑問詞+todo表示將來的動作。9.Iwillshowyou_________.A.whattodo B.todowhat C.howtodo D.todohow【答案】A【解析】句意：我來告訴你該怎么做。考查疑問詞+動詞不定式結構。此處用“疑問詞+動詞不定式結構”作動詞show的賓語，排除B和D選項。C選項中do后面缺少賓語，排除C選項，故選A。10.Kendrawsomepictures______moneyforthepoorgirl.A,raiseB.raisesC.raisingD.toraise【答案】D【解析】不定式作目的狀語。11.

_________iscareless_________him_________hisIDcardonthereception.A.This,of,toleave B.It,for,leaving C.It,for,toleave D.It,of,toleave【答案】D【解析】句意：他太粗心了，竟把身份證留在接待處。考查It固定句型。此處是“Itis+adj+ofsbtodosth”結構，意為“某人是……的去做某事”，故選D。12.Studentsareholdinganactivity_________moneyforchildreninneed.A.raise B.toraise C.raised D.raising【答案】B【解析】句意：學生們正在舉行一項活動，為需要幫助的兒童籌集資金?？疾閯釉~不定式作目的狀語。根據“Studentsareholdinganactivity...moneyforchildreninneed.”可知，籌集資金是目的，用動詞不定式作目的狀語。故選B。三、用所給詞的適當形式填空1.Themanwishes_________(travel)aroundtheworld.2.Wouldyoulike_________(visit)theScienceMuseum?3.Pleaseletme_________(finish)thereportfirst.4.Whynotoffer_______(help)yourmotherwithsomehousework?5.YoucanaskMary___________(organize)theparty.6.Nobodywants__________(suffer)fromthisdisease.7.Theydecided_________(pay)nothingfortheterriblemeal.8.We’lllearn__________(sing)abeautifulEnglishsongtomorrow.9.WhomadeLittleTom_____(do)somuchwork?10.OurChineseteacheralwaysencouragesus________(read)morebooks.【答案】1.totravel2.tovisit3.finish4.tohelp5.toorganize6.tosuffer7.toplay8.tosing9.do10.toread提高篇四、語法填空。A根據句子意思，用所給單詞的適當形式填空。未提供單詞的根據上下文填入適當?shù)脑~。Afathersatathisdeskandlookedathisbillswhenhisyoungsonrushedinandannounced，“Dad,becausetodayis1.__________birthdayandyou’re40yearsold,I’mgoingtogiveyou402.__________(kiss),oneforeachyear!”3.__________theboystartedmakinggoodonhisword(履行諾言),thefather4.__________(say),“Andrew,don’tdoitnow.I’mtoobusy!”Theboysoonfeltsilentastears(眼淚)fell5.__________hisbigblueeyes.6.__________(feel)sorry,thefathersaid，“Youcanfinish7._________(late).”Theboysaidnothingbutquietlywalkedaway.8._____________(luck),afewdayslaterafterthefather’sbirthday,theboyhadanaccidentanddied.Hissadfatherwasverysadandregretful.Loveis9.__________twowaystreet.Ifwedon’treceivelove,ourlifewillloseitstrue10.__________(mean).Nothingismoreimportantthanacceptinglovefromthosewhoarenearanddeartous.【答案】1.your2.kisses3.When4.said5.from6.feeling7.later8.Unlukily9.a10.meaningB語篇填詞Youngvolunteersatourschoolarealwaysr____1____tohelpthoseintrouble.Weorganizedallkindsofactivitiesduringlastyear.First,wevisitedtothehomefortheelderlymanytimesduringourholidays.Theoldpeopletheredon’thavemanyrelativesinourcity.Sometimestheyfeelveryl___2____.Weboughtthemgiftsandspenttimewiththem.Wealsodidmanyotherthingsforthem.Theyseemedhappywhenwevisitedthem.Webroughtthemj____3____andpeace.Second,atthestartofthenewschoolterminSeptember,wer____4____moneytobuybooksforchildrenlivinginpoorareas.Third,weheldmanyfairsforthepoorstudentsatourschool.Voluntaryworkisveryp____5___inourschool.Moststudentslovetodoit.【答案】1.ready2.lonely3.joy4.raised5.popular五、語法選擇WuYefeiwasavolunteerfromShenzhenMetro.Sheusedfourmobilephonesandonetelephone____1____medicalneedsofnearbypeople.Onedayshewasaskedtosendprotectiveclothingtoapregnant(懷孕的)woman____2____shehadtogotohospital.Wuwrotesomewords“Bigtigerhelpingthelittletiger”ontheclothing.Shehoped____3____thewomanfeelrelaxed.Sheexplainedthatshewasbornin1998,theYearoftheTiger.Andthebaby’sbirthdaywillfallin2022,alsotheYearoftheTiger.Shewas____4____tohelpthe“l(fā)ittletiger”.WenJingwen,anothervolunteer,receivedacallfromafather,sayingthatheneededhelpbecausehischild’sshoulder____5____byhimself.“Whenchildrengetinjured,theyalsoneedtowearprotectiveclothingandmaskonthewaytohospital,”Wenadded.“Wehavetoremindchildren____6____protectivemattersrepeatedlyandtrytofortparents.”ShenzhenMetroalsosetupavoluntaryteamtosendmedicinetopatientsin____7____.Oneafternoon,volunteersofthisteamsawanoldwomancryingwhenthey____8____bythevillage.Theystoppedandaskedifsheneededanyhelp.Thentheylearnedthatshewaslivingon____9____own.Whatwasworse,shesuffered____10____highbloodpressure.Shecouldonlyspeakinlocallanguage.Itwasnotconvenient____11____hertomunicatewithotherpeople.Volunteerscalledthedoctors.Thedoctorssaidthatthemedicinemust____12____assoonaspossible.____13____,themedicinearrivedsoon.____14____to200packagesofmedicinearedeliveredeveryday,accordingtotheteam.105volunteershave____15____pletedtheirvoluntaryworkandcamebackhome,withtheirstoriesstillacrossthecity.1.A.answer B.answered C.toanswer D.answering2.A.or B.but C.so D.as3.A.helping B.tohelp C.helped D.help4.A.exciting B.excited C.excitedly D.excite5.A.washurt B.hurts C.hurt D.washurting6.A.for B.with C.in D.about7.A.need B.theneed C.needs D.aneed8.A.pass B.passes C.arepassing D.werepassing9.A.she B.hers C.her D.herself10.A.with B.from C.by D.in11.A.for B.of C.with D.by12.A.besending B.send C.sent D.besent13.A.Luck B.Luckier C.Luckily D.Lucky14.A.Closed B.Close C.Closer D.Closely15.A.successfully B.successful C.succeed D.success【答案】1.C

2.C

3.B

4.B

5.A

6.D

7.A

8.D

9.C

10.B

11.A

12.D

13.C

14.B

15.A【導語】本文主要介紹了一些志愿者幫助他人的經歷。1.句意：她用四部和一部來滿足附近人們的醫(yī)療需求。answer動詞原形；answered動詞過去式；toanswer動詞不定式；answering動名詞。usesthtodosth“用某物做某事”，固定搭配，故選C。2.句意：有一天，她被要求給一位孕婦送防護服，所以她不得不去醫(yī)院。or或者；but但是；so因此；as由于。“shewasaskedtosendprotectiveclothingtoapregnant(懷孕的)woman”與“shehadtogotohospital”是因果關系，遵循“前因后果”，故選C。3.句意：她希望幫助這位女士放松。helping動名詞；tohelp動詞不定式；helped動詞過去式；help動詞原形。hopetodosth“希望做某事”，動詞不定式作賓語，故選B。4.句意：她很興奮能幫助“小老虎”。exciting令人興奮的；excited感到興奮的；excitedly興奮地；excite興奮。was后接形容詞作表語，修飾人，用以ed為結尾的形容詞，故選B。5.句意：另一位志愿者文婧雯接到一位父親的，說他需要幫助，因為他的孩子的肩膀是自己弄傷的。washurt一般過去時被動語態(tài)；hurts動詞三單；hurt動詞原形；washurting過去進行時結構。根據“received”可知，此句用一般過去時，主語shoulder與動詞hurt之間是被動關系，故此處用一般過去時被動語態(tài)，故選A。6.句意：我們要反復提醒孩子的保護事項，努力安慰父母。for為了；with帶有；in在……里；about關于。remindsbaboutsth“提醒某人關于某事”，固定搭配，故選D。7.句意：深圳地鐵還成立了一個志愿團隊，為有需要的患者送藥。need動詞或名詞；theneed名詞；needs動詞三單；aneed單數(shù)名詞。inneed“有需要的”，固定搭配，故選A。8.句意：一天下午，這個小組的志愿者經過村子時，看到一個老婦人在哭。pass動詞原形；passes動詞三單；arepassing現(xiàn)在進行時；werepassing過去進行時。when引導的時間狀語從句，主句謂語動詞saw是動詞過去式，從句表示過去某個時刻正在發(fā)生的動作，用過去進行時was/weredoing的結構，故選D。9.句意：后來他們才知道她是一個人住。she她，人稱代詞主格；hers她的，名詞性物主代詞；her她/她的，人稱代詞賓格或形容詞性物主代詞；herself她自己。onone’sown“獨自”，固定搭配，故此空應填形容詞性物主代詞her，故選C。10.句意：更糟糕的是，她還患有高血壓。with帶有；from從；by通過；in在……里。sufferfrom“遭受”，固定搭配，故選B。11.句意：她和別人交流很不方便。for為了；of……的；with帶有；by通過。固定句式：Itis/was+形容詞+for/ofsbtodosth“對于某人來說，做某事是……的”，形容詞是修飾人的性格或品質，介詞用of；形容詞是修飾物的，介詞用for，convenient是修飾物的形容詞，故選A。12.句意：醫(yī)生說藥必須盡快送去。besending現(xiàn)在進行時；send動詞原形；sent動詞過去式；besent被動語態(tài)。主語medicine與動詞send之間是被動關系，根據must可知，此處用含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)mustbedone的結構，故選D。13.句意：幸運的是，藥很快就到了。Luck幸運，名詞；Luckier更幸運的，形容詞比較級；Luckily最幸運地，副詞原級；Lucky幸運的，形容詞原級。此空位于句首，且空格后有逗號隔開，應填副詞作狀語，故選C。14.句意：據該團隊介紹，每天運送的藥品接近200包。Closed關閉的，形容詞；Close關閉，動詞；Closer更近的；Closely緊密地。closeto“接近”，固定搭配，故選B。15.句意：105名志愿者成功完成志愿工作，回到家鄉(xiāng)，他們的故事仍在城市的各個角落。successfully成功地，副詞；successful成功的，形容詞；succeed成功，動詞；success成功，名詞。此空修飾動詞pleted，要用副詞，故選A。七、閱讀理解IdiscoveredthewondersofvolunteeringwhenIwasatschool.Oneday,ourteacherpresentedthetopic“voluntarywork”.Atfirst,Ithoughtitwasjustanothernormallesson.ThenthepicturessheshowedusofthepoorhungrychildreninAfricareallyhitmyheart.Shealsoshowedpicturesofthehomelesspeopleinourtownthatsleepinthecoldandhadnomorethanahotsoupgivenbythe“NightWatchers”.Then,ourteacherencouragedustothinkupavolunteerworkproject.Planeverythingandputitintopractice.SomeofmyclassmatesandIdecidedtohelpthehomelesspeople.Theywerepartofourmunity.First,wevisitedthe“NightWatchers”officeandaskedforideasabouthowtohelpthehomelesspeople.Theytoldussincewinterwasonitsway,theyweregoingtoneedblanketstosleepwith.Great!Wedecidedtostartacampaigntocollectoldblankets.Wealsoaskedforsockssothattheycouldhavesomethingtokeeptheirfeetwarm.Wemadeposters,senteveryoneanemailandwentfromclassroomtoclassroomtoexplaintoallthestudentswhatweweredoing.Wewereabletocollect20blanketsand60pairsofsocks.Thatwaswonderful.Thebestpartofourprojectwaswhenwewentwiththevolunteersfrom“NightWatchers”togivetheblanketstothehomelesspeople.Theyweresohappyandgrateful.IfeltverygoodwhenIsawtheirsmiles.Afterthisexperience,Idecidedtojointhevolunteeringclubatmyschool.I’malwaysanxiousforWednesdayafternoonbecausethat’sthedaywedoourwork.1.The“NightWatchers”areprobably________.A.police B.workersofacharity C.students D.poorchildren2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph3referto?A.homelesspeople B.volunteers C.ideas D.blankets3.Whichofthefollowingshowstherightorderofeventsinthepassage?a.Thestudentsvisiteddifferentclassroomstotalktootherstudents.b.Thestudentscollected60pairsofsocks.c.Thehomelesspeoplewerehappyandgrateful.d.Theteachershowedsomepicturesofhomelesspeople.e.Thestudentsdecidedtocollectblanketsforhomelesspeople.f.Theteacheraskedherstudentstocarryoutavoluntaryproject.A.fdeacb B.fdaceb C.dfaebc D.dfeabc4.Accordingtothepassage,theauthordecidedtojointhevolunteeringclub________.A.becauseitwashis/herhomeworkB.becausehe/shewasanxioustohelpthehomelesschildrenC.becausetheexperienceofhelpingthehomelesspeoplemadehim/herfeelgoodD.becausethepicturesofthepoorchildrenhithis/herheart【答案】1.B2.A3.D4.C【解析】本文講述了作者參加志愿者的經歷。1.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Shealsoshowedpicturesofthehomelesspeopleinourtownthatsleepinthecoldandhadnomorethanahotsoupgivenbythe“NightWatchers”.”可知，NightWatchers是提供給無家可歸的人們熱湯的人，應該是慈善機構的工作人員，故選B。2.詞義猜測題。根據“wevisitedthe“NightWatchers”officeandaskedforideasabouthowtohelpthehomelesspeople.Theytoldussincewinterwasonitsway,theyweregoingtoneedblanketstosleepwith.”可知，我們參觀了“守夜人”的辦公室，向他們咨詢如何幫助無家可歸的人。他們告訴我們，因為冬天就要來了，他們需要睡覺用的毯子。此處“they”指代的是“無家可歸的人”，故選A。3.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Shealsoshowedpicturesofthehomelesspeopleinourtown...ourteacherencouragedustothinkupavolunteerworkproject...Wedecidedtostartacampaigntocollectoldblankets...Wemadeposters,senteveryoneanemailandwentfromclassroomtoclassroomtoexplaintoallthestudentswhatweweredoing...Wewereabletocollect20blanketsand60pairsofsocks.Thatwaswonderful...Theyweresohappyandgrateful.”可知，正確的順序應該是：老師展示了一些無家可歸者的照片，要求她的學生進行一個志愿項目，學生們決定為無家可歸的人收集毛毯，在不同的教室與其他學生交談。學生們收集了60雙襪子。無家可歸的人很高興，也很感激。故選D。4.細節(jié)理解題。根據“Afterthisexperience,Idecidedtojointhevolunteeringclubatmyschool.I’malwaysanxiousforWednesdayafternoonbecausethat’sthedaywedoourwork.”可知，因為幫助無家可歸的人的經歷讓他/她感覺很好，所以他決定加入志愿者俱樂部，故選C。B閱讀填空OnedaylastNovember,LizDouglaswentshopping.____1____Aftershepaidforallthethingsshebought,shewentbacktohercarandputtheshoppingba