語法填空解題技巧

語法填空解題技巧語法填空是通過語篇在語境中考察語法知識的運用能力，我們在解題前應(yīng)快速瀏覽短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以先進行填寫。在讀懂短文的基礎(chǔ)上，再結(jié)合短文提供的特定的語言環(huán)境去逐句分析，逐題解答。下面按題型設(shè)計分三種情況：一、純空格試題的解題技巧純空格填空題主要是填冠詞、介詞、代詞、連接詞等虛詞。首先，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)句子所缺成分確定填哪類詞。然后，根據(jù)句子意思，確定具體填什么詞；或根據(jù)兩句間的邏輯關(guān)系確定具體用哪個連詞。共有以下7個技巧：技巧1：在簡單句和并列句中，若句子缺主語或賓語，一定是填代詞。1.ChristchildmarketisapleasantfestivalforchildreninCanada.Myhusband,mydaughterandIattended__thisyear.2.InLondoncrowdscheeredandwavedflagsas___watchedtheannouncementfromSingapore.3.Hesatthereforhoursandhours,seeminglyunmoving.Thetribewasbeginningtogetworriedandrestless,butnobodywantedtodisturb_____.技巧2：名詞前面，若沒有限定詞（冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞等），很可能是填限定詞。1.Thechiefsatquietlyfor___moment.2.Inhischildhoodtheboyoftencheated____boysoutofmoneyandthings.3.Chinesepeopleexpress___lovetotheirmothersinavarietyofways.常用不定代詞有：some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone），（nothing，nobody，noone），every（everything，everybody，everyone，），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either，neither等。1．Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynastywasveryanxioustohelp__ricecropgrowupquickly.2．Theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullitto____smalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.技巧3：名詞或代詞在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語時，其前面，一定是填介詞。1.Whenapersonisburnt,washandcooltheareaoftheskinunderthecoldtap___awhile.2.Theyellowriverforcesthewatertooverflowitsbanksandfloodthecountryside___miles.4.Greatchangeswillhavebeenmade_______medicine,too.5.Whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingme______aguestintheirhouse.技巧4:若兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，可能是填連詞。1.Twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso_____DaVinci,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.2.AllIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme___almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.技巧5:若兩個句子（即兩個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)）之間沒有連詞，也沒有分號或句號，一定是填并列連詞（連接并列的句子）或從屬連詞（連接定語從句、名詞性從句和狀語從句）。1.Afterherdeathshewassenttothehell,______alltheevilsoulswerepunished.2.Allparentsshouldknowfirstaidsinordertodealwithcommoninjuries______mayhappentotheirchildren.3.Atthecenterofthesquare_____youngchildrenwereplayingabout4.About40-50oldpeoplewenttotheparty,__wasfullofjoyandhappiness.技巧6:由特殊句式結(jié)構(gòu)來判斷空格應(yīng)填的詞。(1)由itis…that…強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)的形式，判斷it還是that。判斷方法：去掉itis…that…結(jié)構(gòu)，句子還是一個完整的句子就是強調(diào)句型。(2)由it作形式主語或形式賓語的句式判斷，空格是否填it.(3)在倒裝句式中通常填only,so,neither,nor,never,hardly,seldom,not…until等詞。例1：Only___withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.(4)so/such…that…句型例2：Thismadethegoatsojealous___that___itbeganplottingagainstthedonkey.二、給出了動詞的試題解題技巧首先，判斷要填的動詞是謂語動詞還是非謂語動詞。然后按照以下兩點進行思考。技巧7：若句子沒有別的謂語動詞，或者雖然已有謂語動詞，但需填的動詞與之是并列關(guān)系時，所給動詞就是謂語動詞；若是謂語動詞，就要考慮時態(tài)語態(tài)。1.Ifaperson___(lose)onethirdofhis/herblood,he/she___die.2.Mother’sdayhasbecomeaninternationalfestivaland__________(accept)bymanycountries3.Now,Valentine'sDay_(celebrate)inmanycountriesaroundtheworld.4.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_(close)mybookandwalkedaway.其次，若所給動詞既不做謂語也不做非謂語，那就是詞的轉(zhuǎn)換題。技巧8:動詞的詞類轉(zhuǎn)換主要做主語、賓語和定語。例1：Thereare_______(comfort)feelingsasanykindofphysicalpain.例2：Itcameinto____(exist)withthegreatincreaseinpopulationandthedevelopmentofmodernindustry.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat_____(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather____(choose)oftieshardlypleasedherfather.三、詞類轉(zhuǎn)換題的解題技巧這類題主要是考查名詞、形容詞和副詞，根據(jù)該詞在句中所作句子成分確定用哪種形式，具體技巧有以下三種。技巧9:作表語（在系動詞之后）、定語（修飾名詞）或賓補（表性質(zhì)狀態(tài)），通常用形容詞形式。1.Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell_(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.2.Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents___(interest)inthesubject.3.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir_____(nature)course.技巧10:修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞，或整個句子，作狀語，用副詞形式。1.AsIlooked_(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthat…2.Theremustbesomething_(serious)wrongwithoursociety.3.______(fortune),theguestescapedunharmed.技巧11:有的詞義轉(zhuǎn)換題，詞類或詞性不一定要變，主要是考查具有與詞根意義相反的派生詞，需要句子意思及前后邏輯關(guān)系，在詞根前加un-,im-,in-等，在詞根后加-less等。1.Yourmistakecausedalotof__(necessary)workintheoffi