2025版高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)第1部分人與自我主題群1生活與學(xué)習(xí)主題語境2降的生活方式積極的生活態(tài)度1教師用書教案

PAGE主題語境(二)健康的生活方式、主動的生活看法(1)閱讀理解A(2024·新高考卷Ⅰ·D)AccordingtoarecentstudyintheJournalofConsumerResearch，boththesizeandconsumptionhabitsofoureatingcompanionscaninfluenceourfoodintake.Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions，it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits，theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.Inthefirst,95undergraduatewomenwereindividuallyinvitedintoalabtoostensibly(表面上)participateinastudyaboutmovieviewership.Beforethefilmbegan，eachwomanwasaskedtohelpherselftoasnack.Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.Inhernaturalstate，theactorweighed105pounds.Butinhalfthecasessheworeaspeciallydesignedfatsuitwhichincreasedherweightto180pounds.Boththefatandthinversionsoftheactortookalargeamountoffood.Theparticipantsfollowedsuit，takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.However，theytooksignificantlymorewhentheactorwasthin.Forthesecondtest，inonecasethethinactortooktwopiecesofcandyfromthesnackbowls.Intheothercase，shetook30pieces.Theresultsweresimilartothefirsttest：theparticipantsfollowedsuitbuttooksignificantlymorecandywhenthethinactortook30pieces.Thetestsshowthatthesocialenvironmentisextremelyinfluentialwhenwe'remakingdecisions.Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore，sowillI．Callitthe“I'llhavewhatshe'shaving”effect.However，we'lladjusttheinfluence.Ifanoverweightpersonishavingalargeportion，I'llholdbackabitbecauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.Butifathinpersoneatsalot，I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim，whycan'tI?【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要講解并描述了探討表明，與你一同進食的同伴會影響你的飲食習(xí)慣，想要減肥的人應(yīng)當(dāng)避開同食量大的瘦人一起進食。1．Whatistherecentstudymainlyabout?A．Foodsafety.B．Movieviewership.C．Consumerdemand.D．Eatingbehavior.D[主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段為全文的主題段，即《消費者探討雜志》最近的一項探討表明，我們的飲食同伴的體型和飲食習(xí)慣都會影響我們的食物攝入量，而且要避開同食量大的瘦人一起進食。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了飲食行為，故D項正確。]2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“beanpoles”inParagraph1referto?A．Bigeaters.B．Overweightpersons.C．Pickyeaters.D．Tallthinpersons.D[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“Andcontrarytoexistingresearchthatsaysyoushouldavoideatingwithheavierpeoplewhoorderlargeportions(份),it'sthebeanpoleswithbigappetitesyoureallyneedtoavoid.”可知，探討表明，與現(xiàn)有的探討發(fā)覺(應(yīng)當(dāng)避開和食量大的胖人一起吃飯)相反，你真正須要避開的是胃口大的又高又瘦的人。依據(jù)“contraryto”可知，畫線詞與heavierpeople含義相反，故D項正確。]3．Whydidtheresearchershiretheactor?A．Toseehowshewouldaffecttheparticipants.B．Totestiftheparticipantscouldrecognizeher.C．Tofindoutwhatshewoulddointhetwotests.D．Tostudywhyshecouldkeepherweightdown.A[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Totesttheeffectofsocialinfluenceoneatinghabits，theresearchersconductedtwoexperiments.”可知，為了驗證社交對飲食習(xí)慣的影響，探討人員進行了兩個試驗；再結(jié)合下文介紹的兩個試驗可知，聘用演員參與試驗旨在查看演員對參與試驗的人的飲食習(xí)慣的影響，故A項正確。]4．Onwhatbasisdowe“adjusttheinfluence”accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Howhungryweare.B．Howslimwewanttobe.C．Howweperceiveothers.D．Howwefeelaboutthefood.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)尾段中的“Ifthisfellowparticipantisgoingtoeatmore，sowillI．..becauseIseetheresultsofhiseatinghabits.”可知，假如這個同伴準(zhǔn)備吃得更多，我也會吃得更多；但是，我們將調(diào)整影響。假如一個超重的人吃了很多，我會略微保留一點，因為我看到了他飲食習(xí)慣的結(jié)果。據(jù)此可以推知，我們對自己飲食的調(diào)整是以分析他人的飲食習(xí)慣和結(jié)果(即如何看待他人)為基礎(chǔ)的，故C項正確。]B(2024·江蘇卷·C)Forthosewhocanstomach_it，workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst，accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However，farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout，Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesare，forbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen'sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then，ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists'lab，eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat，intheory，shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts，themenskippedbreakfast，meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食)．Ontheotheroccasion，theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout，thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen'sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously，themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult，theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand，theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里)，onaverage，duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant，theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently，dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質(zhì))thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要說明白早飯前熬煉比早飯后熬煉給身體帶來的好處更多。5．Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“________”．A．digestthemealeasilyB．managewithoutbreakfastC．decidewiselywhattoeatD．eatwhateverisofferedB[詞義揣測題。此處考查stomach的熟詞生義，該詞在本句中意為“忍受”；另外，結(jié)合常識可以推斷，有的人熬煉前不吃早飯是受不了的，所以此處意為“假如可以忍受空腹的話，在吃早餐前去熬煉比吃過早餐后去熬煉好處更多”，故B項正確。]6．Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A．Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B．Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C．Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D．Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesare，forbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus”可知，選中的這十個人就是大眾的代表，故A項正確。]7．Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A．Theysuccessfullylostweight.B．Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C．Theyburnedmorefatonaverage.D．Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.B[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第六段中的“Ontheotherhand，theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里)，onaverage，duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.”可知，熬煉前吃早餐的人相對而言在熬煉時燃燒的卡路里稍多一些，故B項正確。]8．Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A．Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B．Toomanyworkoutsoftenslowmetabolicrates.C．Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D．Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst”可知，早飯前熬煉給身體帶來的健康方面的好處更多，故選D。]閱讀七選五(2024·全國卷Ⅰ)IsFreshAirReallyGoodforYou?Weallgrewuphearingpeopletellusto“gooutandgetsomefreshair.”1Accordingtorecentstudies，theanswerisabigYES，iftheairqualityinyourcampingareaisgood.2Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving，energizingoxygen.Ifyouexerciseoutofdoors，yourbodywilllearntobreathemoredeeply，allowingevenmoreoxygentogettoyourmuscles(肌肉)andyourbrain.Recently，peoplehavebegunstudyingtheconnectionbetweenthenaturalworldandhealing(治愈)．3Intheseplacespatientscangotobenearnatureduringtheirrecovery.Itturnsoutthatjustlookingatgreen，growingthingscanreducestress，lowerbloodpressure，andputpeopleintoabettermood(心情)．Greeneryisgoodforus.Hospitalpatientswhoseetreebranchesouttheirwindowarelikelytorecoveratafasterratethanpatientswhoseebuildingsorskyinstead.45Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin，theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD．TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking，andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.A．Freshaircleansourlungs.B．Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?C．Beinginnaturerefreshesus.D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E．Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?F．Justasimportantly，wetendtoassociatefreshairwithhealthcare.G．Allacrossthecountry，recoverycentershavebegunbuildingHealingGardens.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了呼吸簇新空氣和接近大自然有益于身心健康。1．E[關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法解題?？崭袂耙痪湔f我們都是聽著人們說的“出去呼吸點兒簇新空氣”長大的，空格后一句說答案是確定的。由此可推斷E項“但是簇新空氣真的像你媽媽總說的那樣對你有好處嗎？”符合語境。本設(shè)空類型屬于細微環(huán)節(jié)理解類。]2．A[設(shè)題位置法解題。依據(jù)空格后的內(nèi)容可知，假如人們呼吸的空氣是干凈的，那么空氣中就充溢了維持生命的、讓人充溢活力的氧氣。假如在戶外熬煉，人的身體會學(xué)會深呼吸，讓更多的氧氣進入肌肉和大腦。所以本段主要說的是呼吸簇新空氣的好處，故A項“簇新空氣清潔我們的肺”符合語境。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落主題句類。]3．G[詞匯鎖定法解題。空格后的theseplaces與G項中的recoverycenters相呼應(yīng)，因此G項“全國各地的康復(fù)中心已經(jīng)起先建立康復(fù)花園”符合語境。本設(shè)空類型屬于細微環(huán)節(jié)理解類。]4．C[關(guān)聯(lián)邏輯法解題?？崭袂敖榻B了接近大自然、看綠色植物對病人的康復(fù)有益，空格后一句說“它給我們內(nèi)心一種極大的平和的感覺”，由此可推斷出空格處應(yīng)當(dāng)表達置身于大自然的好處，故選C項“置身于大自然使我們精神煥發(fā)”。本設(shè)空類型為細微環(huán)節(jié)理解類。]5．D[設(shè)題位置法解題?？崭窈笠痪湔f，雖然陽光會使我們的皮膚蒼老并受到損害，但陽光也能帶來有益的維生素D。這應(yīng)當(dāng)是呼吸簇新空氣附帶的好處，故D項“呼吸簇新空氣的另一個附帶好處是陽光”符合語境，D項中的sunlight與空格后的thesun'srays相呼應(yīng)。本設(shè)空類型屬于段落主題句類。]完形填空(2024·江蘇卷)RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen1topaylawyers'fees.Tomakemattersworse,Mothwasdiagnosed(診斷)witha2disease.Therewasno3，onlypainrelief.Failingtofindanyotherwayout,theydecidedtomakea4journey,astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)guide.Thiswasalongjourneyofunaccustomedhardshipand5recovery.Whenleavinghome,RaynorandMothhadjust￡320inthebank.Theyplannedtokeepthe6lowbylivingonboilednoodles,withthe7hamburgershoptreat.Wildcampingis8inEngland.Toavoidbeingcaught,theWinnshadtogettheirtentup9andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning.TheWinnssoondiscoveredthatdailyhikingintheir50sisalot10thantheyrememberitwasintheir20s.Raynor11alloveranddesiredabath.Moth,meanwhile,afteraninitial12，foundhissymptomswerestrangely1314，thecouplefoundthattheirbodiesturnedforthebetter,withre-foundstrongmusclesthattheythoughthad15forever.“Ourhairwasfriedandfallingout,nailsbroken,clothes16toathread,butwewerealive.”Duringthejourney,Raynorbeganacareerasanaturewriter.Shewrites,“17hadtakeneverymaterialthingfrommeandleftmetornbare,anemptypageattheendofa(n)18writtenbook.Ithadalsogivenmea19，eithertoleavethatpage20ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.Ichosehope.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了Winn夫婦投資失敗變得一無全部，更糟糕的是，丈夫被診斷出得了嚴峻的疾病。然而他們沒有放棄，確定徒步野外旅行。出乎意料的是，丈夫的癥狀慢慢削減了，夫婦二人變得越來越強壯了，妻子也起先了自然作家的生涯。1．A.drawnup B．usedupC．backedup D．keptupB[依據(jù)后面的“topaylawyers'fees”提示可知，他們的積蓄都用光了。故選B。]2．A.mild B．commonC．preventable D．seriousD[依據(jù)后句“Therewasno________，onlypainrelief.”可知，Moth被診斷出得了嚴峻的疾病。故選D。]3．A.cure B．luckC．care D．promiseA[考查名詞以及對語境的理解。名詞cure在這里表示“治療的方法”。沒有任何治療的方法，只有止疼。故選A。]4．A.business B．walkingC．bus D．railB[依據(jù)后句“astheycaughtsightofanoldhikers'(徒步旅行者)guide”可知，他們確定做一次徒步旅行。故選B。]5．A.expected B．frighteningC．disappointing D．surprisingD[這是一次漫長的旅程，卻收到了驚人的康復(fù)效果。故選D。]6．A.budget B．revenueC．compensation D．a(chǎn)llowanceA[他們支配靠吃煮面條來維持低預(yù)算。故選A。]7．A.frequent B．occasionalC．a(chǎn)bundant D．constantB[依據(jù)語境可知，他們間或到漢堡包店款待一下自己。故選B。]8．A.unpopular B．lawfulC．a(chǎn)ttractive D．illegalD[依據(jù)后句“Toavoidbeingcaught”，可知，在英國，野營是非法的。故選D。]9．A.soon B．earlyC．late D．slowlyC[依據(jù)后句“andpackeditawayearlyinthemorning”中的early提示可知，他們不得不晚些時候把帳篷搭起來。故選C。]10．A.harder B．easierC．cheaper D．funnierA[Winns夫婦很快發(fā)覺，他們在50多歲時的徒步旅行要比記憶中的20多歲時艱難得多。故選A。]11．A.rolled B．bledC．a(chǎn)ched D．trembledC[依據(jù)常識可知，50多歲的人徒步旅行一天會渾身疼。故選C。]12．A.struggle B．progressC．excitement D．researchA[經(jīng)過最初的與病魔做斗爭，Moth發(fā)覺他的癥狀不行思議地削減了。故選A。]13．A.developed B．controlledC．reduced D．increasedC[參見上題解析。]14．A.Initially B．EventuallyC．Temporarily D．ConsequentlyB[最終(eventually)，這對夫婦發(fā)覺他們的身體都有所好轉(zhuǎn)。故選B。]15．A.gained B．keptC．wounded D．lostD[依據(jù)前句“withre-foundstrongmuscles”可知，他們原以為恒久失去的強壯的肌肉重新出現(xiàn)了。故選D。]16．A.sewn B．washedC．worn D．ironedC[這里指他們的衣服破成了線狀物。故選C。]17．A.Doctors B．HikingC．Lawyers D．HomelessnessD[依據(jù)語境可知，無家可歸奪走了“我”全部的物質(zhì)，讓“我”一貧如洗，就像已寫好的一本書最終的空白頁。故選D。]18．A.well B．partlyC．neatly D．originallyB[參見上題解析。]19．A.choice B．rewardC．promise D．breakA[依據(jù)后句“eithertoleavethatpage________ortokeepwritingthestorywithhope”中either...or...可知，這里是一種選擇。它也給我一種選擇。故選A。]20．A.loose B．fullC．blank D．missingC[依據(jù)前文中“anemptypageattheendofa(n)________writtenbook”可知，要么留下那頁空白，要么帶著希望接著故事。故選C。]Ⅰ.寫出所給單詞的漢語意思1．intaken.(食物、飲料等的)攝取量，吸入量2．contraryadj.相對立的；相反的3．portionn.(食物的)一份，一客4．viewershipn.(電視節(jié)目或頻道的)觀眾人數(shù)，觀眾類型5．versionn.(電影、劇本、樂曲等的)版本，改編形式，改寫本6．inactiveadj.不活躍的7．representativen．代表8．tissuen．(人、動植物細胞的)組織；_紙巾，手巾紙9．overnightadv.一夜之間；在夜間10．workoutn.熬煉11．implicationn.含意；示意12．skipv.不做(應(yīng)做的事等)；不參與；跳動；跳繩；遺漏；跳讀13．energizev.使活躍；_使精力充足；_激勵14．oxygenn.氧氣15．greeneryn.綠色植物16．rayn．光線17．refreshv.使復(fù)原精力；使涼快18．unaccustomedadj.不習(xí)慣的；驚奇的Ⅱ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出英文單詞1．companionn.伙伴；侶伴；陪伴；指南；手冊2．a(chǎn)ppetiten.食欲；胃口；猛烈欲望3．conductv.組織，實施，進行；指揮(音樂)；帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)；舉止，表現(xiàn)；傳導(dǎo)(熱或電)4._significantlyadv.有重大意義地；顯著地5．a(chǎn)djustv.調(diào)整，使……適合；校準(zhǔn)6．branchn.分支；分公司；分部；樹枝；支流；岔路7．recoverv.復(fù)原；彌補8．investmentn.投資；投入9．treatn．&v.款待；款待Ⅲ.依據(jù)所給提示寫出派生單詞1．consumev．吃，喝，飲；消耗，耗費(燃料、能量、時間等)→consumptionn.(能量、食物或材料的)消耗，消耗量→consumern．消費者2．influencen．&v.影響；作用；對……起作用→influentialadj.有很大影響的；有支配力的3．individualadj.&n．個人的；個別的；獨特的；個人；個體→individuallyadv.個別地；單獨地4．behavev．舉止→behavio(u)rn．行為；舉動5．fitadj.健康的；強健的；適合的；能勝任的v．適合；使(衣服)合身；使適應(yīng)；使勝任n．適合；合身→fitnessn.健壯；健康；適合6．a(chǎn)dditionn．增加的人或物→additionaladj.附加的；另外的7．benefitn．&v.優(yōu)勢；好處；成效；對(某人)有用；使受益；得益于；得利于→beneficialadj.有利的；有裨益的；有用的8．breathev．呼吸→breathn．呼吸9．harmv．損害→harmfuladj.有害的→harmlessadj.無害的Ⅳ.依據(jù)所給漢語寫出慣用習(xí)語1．help_oneself_to隨意吃；自行取用2．hold_back隱瞞；退縮；抑制；阻擋3．for_better_and_worse無論好還是壞4．turn_out結(jié)果是……，證明是……5．to_make_matters_worse更糟糕的是6．catch_sight_of看到；瞥見[即時演練]單句語法填空1．Ithinkallofusshouldmindourbehavior(behave)inpublicplaces.2．Sheisoneofthemostinfluential(influence)figuresinlocalpolitics.3．Somecompromiseswereunavoidable,butthevideoturnedoutperfect.4．It'sjustaninformalparty,soit'snotfitforyouto_dress(dress)likethat.5．Thestudentsbenefiting(benefit)mostfromcollegearethosewhoaretotallyengagedinacademiclife,takingfulladvantageofthecollege'schancesandresources.6．Themomenthecaughtsightofthepolice,thethiefranawayasfastashecould.7．WewereluckytobeinvitedtoaconcertbythePhilharmonicOrchestra,conducted(conduct)bySirColinDavis.8．Myfatherhasmadeafullrecovery(recover)fromtheoperation.9．Thisisthemainfactordrivinginvestment(invest)inthearea.Ⅰ.熟詞生義(寫出句中黑體詞的漢語意思)1．Anactorhiredbytheresearchersgrabbedherfoodfirst.吃2．Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD．使變老Ⅱ.似易實難1．Butifathinpersoneatsalot，I'llfollowsuit.Ifhecaneatmuchandkeepslim，whycan'tI?[譯文]但假如一個瘦人吃了很多，我也會這么做。假如他可以吃很多還能保持身材，我為什么不能呢？2．Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen，whoselifestylesare，forbetterandworse，representativeofthoseofmostofus.[譯文]他們首先找到10個超重、不活躍但其他方面很健康的年輕男性，他們的生活方式，無論好壞，都代表了我們大多數(shù)人。Ⅲ.困難晦澀(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并譯成漢語)1．Manyofthesegenesproduceproteinsthatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulinlevelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.[分析]本句是一個復(fù)合句。thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulinlevelsthroughoutthebody為定語從句修飾先行詞proteins。[譯文]這些基因中很多會產(chǎn)生可以改善全身血糖調(diào)整和胰島素水平的蛋白質(zhì)，因此它們與改善新陳代謝有關(guān)。2．Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise，itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.[分析]本句是一個復(fù)合句。在that引導(dǎo)的表語從句中，togainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise作目的狀語。[譯文]這些探討結(jié)果示意，要想從運動中獲得最大的健康好處，最好先不吃東西。3．Iftheairyou'rebreathingisclean—whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities—thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving，energizingoxygen.[分析]本句是一個復(fù)合句。If引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，主句為thentheairisfilledwithlife-giving，energizingoxygen，you'rebreathing為定語從句修飾先行詞theair；whichitwouldbeifyou'reawayfromthesmogofcities為定語從句，修飾破折號前的句子。[譯文]假如你呼吸的空氣是無污染的——倘如你遠離城市的霧霾，空氣就可能是無污染的——那么空氣滿是讓人充溢生命力和活力的氧氣。4．Ithadalsogivenmeachoice,eithertoleavethatpageblankortokeepwritingthestorywithhope.[分析]本句是一個“主謂＋雙賓語”的簡潔句。either...or...連接兩個不定式短語作choice的定語。[譯文]這也給了我一個選擇，要么把這一頁留白，要么帶著希望接著寫這個故事。1．ordern．秩序；次序；吩咐；訂購；點的飯菜vt.吩咐；要求；訂購；點(飯菜)(1)inorderof以……的依次inorder整齊，秩序井然；按依次outoforder發(fā)生故障；混亂placeanorderforsth.withsb.向某人訂購某物(2)ordersb.todosth.吩咐某人做某事order＋that從句(虛擬語氣)吩咐……(3)orderlyadj.整齊的；井然的disordern．無秩序；混亂orderataxiinadvance提前訂了出租車placeanorderforsometeawithyourcompany向你們公司訂購一些茶beasbusyasabeetryingtoputthehouseinorder忙著整理房間[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Ordered(order)overaweekago,thebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.②Let'snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.③Butrulesalonedon'tsecureanorderly(order)society.Itisthepeoplewhoobeytherulesthatmatter.④Atthirteen,Iwasdiagnosed(診斷)withakindofattentiondisorder(order)．[實力提升]——一句多譯醫(yī)生要求我休息一個月。①Thedoctororderedmeto_take_a_restforamonth.②ThedoctororderedthatIshould_take_a_restforamonth.[名師點津]下列動詞后的名詞性從句常用虛擬語氣：一堅持：insist；二吩咐：order,command；三建議：suggest,advise,recommend；四要求：demand,request,require,desire；再加一個敦促：urge。2．wearv.(過去式wore，過去分詞worn)穿，戴；蓄，留(發(fā)、須等)；流露，面帶，呈現(xiàn)(某種神態(tài))；磨損；消耗；用舊；穿破；磨出(洞)；耐用；耐穿；耐磨(1)wearaway/wearsth.away(因重復(fù)運用而)變薄，變光滑；磨薄；磨光wearoff漸漸消逝；消逝；漸漸停止wearyourself/sb.out使疲乏；使力倦神疲；使厭煩wearthin起先變?nèi)?；變得不受歡迎；變得愛好索然wearout/wearsth.out磨薄；穿破；磨損；用壞wearyourheartonyoursleeve讓感情外露；把心事掛在臉上(2)wornadj.用壞的；用舊的；力倦神疲的wornout廢舊的；乏累不堪wearamask/wearglasses戴口罩/戴眼鏡wearhairlong/wearabeard梳著長發(fā)/留胡須wearapuzzledlook流露出迷惑不解的神情thegradualreplacementofworn-outequipment破舊設(shè)備的漸漸更新[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Therearetwoworn(wear)armchairsintheroomwhichbelongtotheprofessionalplayer.②Hewore(wear)aquiteexpensivecoattowork,onlytoberuinedintherainlastweek.③Canwesitdown?Iam_worn(wear)out.[實力提升]——一句多譯你要是接著這樣舍命工作，身體會吃不消的。①You'll_break_downifyoucarryonworkingsohard.(breakdown)②You'll_wear_yourself_outifyoucarryonworkingsohard.(wearyourselfout)3．designn.設(shè)計；圖案；構(gòu)思vt.設(shè)計；構(gòu)思；支配(1)designsth.for...為某目的或用途而制造或支配bedesignedfor.../todosth.目的是……(2)bydesign(＝onpurpose)有意地；蓄意地byaccident/bychance偶然地abrilliantdesign絕妙的設(shè)計speciallydesignedsoftware特地設(shè)計的軟件thedesignforthenewsportscentre新體育中心的草圖abowlwithaflowerdesign有花卉圖案的碗[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Mostcollegesnowofferfirst-yearstudentsacoursespeciallydesignedto_help(help)themsucceedacademicallyandpersonally.②Designed(design)forEnglishbeginners,thedictionariesweresoldoutonthedaywhenitcameout.③Whetherbychanceorbydesign,itsohappenedthattherewerealmostexactly150peopleinthestation.[實力提升]——句式升級設(shè)計這個項目原來是要幫助那些困難的學(xué)生，結(jié)果卻和支配的不一樣。一般表達：Thisprojectwasdesignedtohelpthestudentsinneed.Butitjustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.①高級表達：Thisprojectdesigned_to_help_the_students_in_needjustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.(過去分詞短語作定語)②高級表達：Thisprojectwhich_was_designed_to_help_the_students_in_needjustdidn'tworkoutasplanned.(定語從句)4．occasionn．時機；機會；場合(1)onoccasion有時；間或ononeoccasion曾經(jīng)ontheoccasionof在……的時候；在……之際onnooccasion絕不(放在句首時，句子要倒裝)(2)occasionaladj.間或的；有時的occasionallyadv.有時；間或[名師點津]放在句首用部分倒裝的介詞短語還有：atnotime，bynomeans，undernocircumstances,innoway，innocase,onnoaccount等。agreat/memorable/happyoccasion一個宏大的/難忘的/快樂的慶典iftheoccasionarises假如有機會的話anoccasionforallthefamilytocelebrate一個全家慶祝的機會[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Apartfroman_occasional(occasion)noisefromtheelephant'sstomach,theforestwassilent.②I'vebeenwritingthisreportoccasionally(occasional)forthelasttwoweeks,butithastobehandedintomorrow.③IhaveasuitbutIonlywearitonspecialoccasions.[實力提升]——詞匯升級一般表達：Youshouldnevertrytocheatothersonoccasionfortheyfindyoudishonest,theywillneverbelieveyouanymore.高級表達：On_no_occasionshouldyoutrytocheatothers,fortheyfindyoudishonest,theywillneverbelieveyouanymore.5．a(chǎn)dditionaladj.附加的；額外的；外加的(1)additionallyadv.此外，另外(2)add...to...往……加入……addto增加；增加addup把……加起來addupto加起來總計達add(that)...補充說/接著說……(3)additionn．加；(數(shù))加法；增加inaddition另外inadditionto除……之外additionalresources/funds/security額外資源/附加基金/外加安保措施addtoourknowledgeandunderstandingofourcountry增加了我們的學(xué)問和對我們國家的了解littlestepsadduptobigdreams小進步成就大幻想inadditiontoimprovingcreativity除了提高創(chuàng)建力以外[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Additionally(additional),thebusservicewillrunonSundays,everytwohours.②Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.③Addupallthemoneyyou'vereceivedthismonth,andyouwillfindyoucanaffordanewcomputer.④ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,adding(add)thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.[實力提升]——詞匯升級一般表達：Besides,youshouldrespectalltheteacherswhounselfishlyhelpyoutogainmuchknowledge.①高級表達：Additionally,youshouldrespectalltheteacherswhounselfishlyhelpyoutogainmuchknowledge.②高級表達：In_addition，youshouldrespectalltheteacherswhounselfishlyhelpyoutogainmuchknowledge.6．harmn．&vt.損害；危害(1)cause/doharmto...對……造成損害/有害(2)beharmfulto對……有害harmfuladj.有害的harmlessadj.無害的(3)thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事沒有害處neverdoanyoneanyharm對任何人都絕無害處harmherchancesofwinningtheelection不利于她贏得選舉theharmfuleffectsoftobacco煙草的害處beharmfultochildren'steeth對兒童的牙齒有害[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Someplantsandanimalscontainnaturalpoisonsthatareharmfultopeople.②However,nopraisefromparentsalsodoesharmtotheirself-confidence.③Hemaynotbeabletohelpbutthere'snoharminasking(ask)him.[實力提升]——一句多譯有些男生對玩電腦嬉戲簡直到了癡迷的程度，這對他們的健康特別有害。①Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,which_is_very_harmful_to_their_health.(harmful)②Someboysaretoocrazyaboutplayinggamesonthecomputer,which_does_great_harm_to_their_health.(harmn．)1．Theparticipantsfollowedsuit，takingmorefoodthantheynormallywouldhave.參與者也照做了，吃的食物比通常多。[句型公式]wouldhave(taken)是虛擬語氣，表示與過去的事實相反的假設(shè)。虛擬條件句及其主句的謂語形式可歸納如下：從句謂語主句謂語與現(xiàn)在事實相反were/didwould/should/could/mightdo與將來事實相反shoulddo/did/weretodowould/should/could/mightdo與過去事實相反haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone(1)含蓄條件句用without,butfor,otherwise,or,but等詞來引導(dǎo)。(2)在含蓄虛擬結(jié)構(gòu)中，假如表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)硎聦嵪喾吹募僭O(shè)，則主句謂語動詞用would/could/might＋do;假如表示與過去事實相反的假設(shè)，則主句謂語動詞用would/could/might＋havedone。[名師點津]假如條件從句中包含有were,had,should，有時可把if省略掉，但這時要把were,had,should放在主語前面(這種結(jié)構(gòu)在口語中較少運用)。(1)Ifwehadmadeadequatepreparations,wemighthavesucceeded.→Hadwemadeadequatepreparations，wemighthavesucceeded.(2)Iftherewerenogravity,therewouldbenoairaroundus.→Weretherenogravity,therewouldbenoairaroundus.(3)Ifitshouldraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.→Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.[金句推送]Ifwehadn'thadhissupport/Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewherewearenow.假如沒有他的支持，我們就不會取得現(xiàn)在的成就。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①Ifhehadn'texperiencedwartime,Hemingwaywouldn'thave_written(write)hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.②Itisluckywebookedaroom,orwewould_have(have)nowheretostaynow.③Iwouldhavegonetomycousin'sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwas(be)notavailable.[實力提升]——一句多譯要是沒有我英語老師的幫助，我不會在英語寫作競賽中獲得第一名。①If_it_hadn't_been_for_the_help_ofmyEnglishteacher,Iwould_not_have_wonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition.(if從句)②Iwould_not_have_wonthefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetitionwithout_the_help_ofmyEnglishteacher.(without引導(dǎo)含蓄虛擬)2．Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant，theresearchersfound.但探討人員發(fā)覺，脂肪細胞深層的影響可能是最顯著的。[句型公式]句中“itwas...that...”是強調(diào)句型，在句中強調(diào)主語。(1)強調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：Itis/was＋被強調(diào)部分＋that/who＋句子其余部分．(2)強調(diào)句的一般疑問句：Was/Isit＋被強調(diào)部分＋that＋句子其余部分？強調(diào)句的特別疑問句：疑問詞(被強調(diào)部分)＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其余部分？(3)notuntil的強調(diào)句型：Itis/wasnotuntil＋被強調(diào)部分＋that＋其他部分．[名師點津](1)強調(diào)句型中的引導(dǎo)詞是it(無實際意義，引導(dǎo)被強調(diào)部分)，that也無實際意義，只起語法連接作用。(2)此句型可強調(diào)地點狀語、時間狀語、主語、賓語等，假如被強調(diào)部分是人，that可以換成who，其他狀況只能用that。[易錯提示]一般來說，假如把句子中的Itis/was和that去掉，能還原成完整的句子，并且句子意思依舊完整，則為強調(diào)句型，否則為其他從句。[金句推送]It'snotdoingthethingswelike,butlikingthethingswehavetodothatmakeslifehappy.生活的快樂不在于做自己喜愛的事，而在于喜愛自己不得不做的事。[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語法填空①ItwasonlywhenthecarpulledupinfrontofourhousethatwesawLilyinthepassengerseat.②WasitbecauseJackcamelateforschoolthatMr.Smithgotangry?③Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.[實力提升]——句式升級一般表達：Ididn'trealizethatshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.①高級表達：It_was_not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_that_I_realized_that_she_was_a_famous_film_star.(強調(diào)句)②高級表達：Not_until_she_took_off_her_dark_glasses_did_I_realize_that_she_was_a_famous_film_star.(倒裝句)[名師點津]強調(diào)謂語動詞時用“do/does/did＋動詞原形”。夯基固本·學(xué)問落實Ⅰ.用所給詞的正確形式填空1．Tosolvethisproblem,ourcompanyputoutthehouseholdrobotspeciallydesigned(design)totakecareofoldpeople.2．Occasionally(occasional)I'llhaveapieceofchocolate,butit'squiterare.3．Whatisknowntousallisthatdrinkingtoomuchisharmful(harm)toyourhealth.4．Thefilmstarwears(wear)sunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeingrecognized.5．Thegeneraldirectoroftheprojectorderedthatthework(should)_be_started(start)atonce.Ⅱ.在空白處填入一個適當(dāng)?shù)脑~1．Besides,itis,onsomeoccasions,moreconvenienttouseEnglishwords.2．Itwasnotuntilhegotseriouslyillthatheknewtheimportanceofhealth.3．Thedictionaryisoutofdate：manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.4．TryasImightIcouldn'tgetmycarstarted，inotherwords，itwasoutoforder.5．Iranallthewaytoschoolyesterday,otherwise/orIwouldhavebeenlatefortheannualtalentshow.強技提能·學(xué)問應(yīng)用Ⅰ.完形填空(2024·福建泉州3月適應(yīng)性線上測試改編)Fiveyearsago，Itookacareerriskbyleavingmyjobtoworkonaship.Mymedicalfriendsdidtheirbesttopersuademe，sayingthatrunningawaytoseawould1mycareer.Butaftertheseyearsworkingasajuniordoctor，Iwaswillingtotaketherisk.2foradventure，IboardedashipinSingaporewith2,000passengersandcrew.Tomy3，thehospitalwaswellequipped，withanX-raymachineandabloodanal