31885443Unit2講義2021-2022學(xué)年人教版八年級英語下冊

Unit2I‘llhelptocleanupthecityparks.新課知識講解與練習(xí)詞匯檢測：名詞：標志；信號n___________通知、通告n注意到；意識到v__________感覺；感觸n________滿足；滿意n_________高興；愉快n_________物主；主人n_________尤指長途旅行；行程n_________子夜，午夜_________車輪；輪子n_________信；函n_________女士；小姐n_________困難；難題n_________門n_________訓(xùn)練；培訓(xùn)n_________仁慈；善良n_________先生n_________夫人；女士n_________動詞：歡呼；喝彩v__________義務(wù)做；自愿做v自愿者n_________募集；征集v________修理；修補v__________修理；安裝v________想象；設(shè)想v_________開；打開v_________拿；提；扛v_________理解；領(lǐng)會v_________變化；改變vn_________興趣；關(guān)注n使感興趣使關(guān)注v_________形容詞：孤獨的；寂寞的adj__________強烈的；強壯的adj________破損的；殘缺的adj__________喪失能力的；有殘疾的adj__________瞎的；失明的adj__________聾的adj__________聰明的；聰穎的adj___________激動的，興奮的__________副詞：獨自；單獨adv__________代詞幾個；數(shù)個；一些pron__________重點短語：1.CleanUpDay2.anoldpeople’shome3.helpoutwithsth.4.usedto5.carefor6.thelookofjoy7.attheageof8.cleanup9.cheerup10.giveout11.eupwith12.makeaplan13.makesomenotices14.tryout15.workfor16.putup17.handout18.callup19.putoff20.forexample21.raisemoney22.takeafter23.giveaway24.fixup25.besimilarto26.setup27.disabledpeople28.makeadifference29.beableto30.afterschoolreadingprogram語法學(xué)習(xí)：動詞短語動詞短語是以實義動詞加上介詞或副詞等構(gòu)成的多詞動詞。它們所表示的意義通常不是動詞和介詞／副詞各自詞義的簡單相加。在使用時，我們要將短語動詞作為一個整體看待。動詞短語詞可分為及物和不及物兩種類型。對動詞短語的考查主要是考查其意義，所以識記和領(lǐng)會短語動詞的意義是學(xué)習(xí)短語動詞的關(guān)鍵。短語動詞主要分為以下幾種：一、“動詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞這類短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。常見的這類短語動詞有：addto(增添)arriveat(到達)askfor(請求)breakinto(闖入)callon(拜訪)efrom(出生于；來自)dealwith(對付，應(yīng)付)dependon(依靠)fillin(填寫)getover(克服)goover(檢查，復(fù)習(xí))hearfrom(收到……的來信)hearof／about(聽說)laughat(嘲笑)leadto(導(dǎo)致)listento(聽)lookafter(照料)lookfor(尋找)lookinto(調(diào)查)thinkof(認為)lookthrough(仔細看)sendfor(派人去請)talkabout(談?wù)?waitfor(等待)二、“動詞+副詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞這類短語動詞分為兩類：及物動詞+副詞和不及物動詞+副詞。1.及物動詞+副詞它相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞。副詞的位置由所接的賓語決定。如果賓語是名詞，副詞既可以在賓語之前，也可在賓語之后；如果賓語是代詞，代詞只能放在動詞與副詞之間。常見的這類短語動詞有：bringup(撫養(yǎng))findout(查明)giveup(放棄)handin(上交)handout(分發(fā))lookup(查找)pickup(揀起)pointout(指出)putaway(把…收起來)putoff(推遲)puton(穿上；上演)ringup(給…打)setup(建立)takeoff(脫掉)thinkover(考慮)turnoff(關(guān)掉)turnon(接通)workout(做出)2.不及物動詞+副詞它相當(dāng)于一個不及物動詞，后面不能跟賓語。常見的這類短語動詞有：breakdown(出故障；壞掉)breakoff(突然中止、中斷)eback(回來；想起來)eon(快來；加油)getdown(下來；下車)getin(進入)eout(出版；出來)getaway(逃走)gettogether(相聚)getup(起床)goby(過去；經(jīng)過)goon(繼續(xù))holdon(別掛)lookout(小心)setoff／out(出發(fā))standup(起立)stayup(熬夜)三、“動詞+副詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞這類短語動詞相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。常見的這類短語動詞有：catchupwith(趕上)eupto(達到)getalongwith(與…相處)getoutof(擺脫)goonwith(繼續(xù))lookforwardto(盼望)makeupof(由…組成)四、“動詞+名詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞這類短語動詞相當(dāng)于一個及物動詞，后面須跟賓語。常見的這類短語動詞有：payattentionto(注意)playapartin(在…中起)takecareof(照顧)takepartin(參加)takepridein(以…自豪)五、“be+形容詞+介詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞這樣的短語動詞有：beafraidof(害怕)befondof(愛好)befamiliarwith(熟悉)begoodat(善于)beinterestedin(對…感興趣)belatefor(遲到)besuitablefor(對…合適)besurprisedat(對…感到驚奇)六、“動詞+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語動詞英語中有些名詞與動詞構(gòu)成固定搭配，表達特定的意思。這些名詞貌似賓語，但它們不能轉(zhuǎn)化為被動句的主語。常見的這種固定搭配有：changecolor(變臉色)loseheart(喪失信心)makefriends(交朋友)makemoney(賺錢)makesense(有意義)takeaction(采取行動)takeplace(發(fā)生)考點總結(jié)：You

could

help

clean

up

the

city

parks.你可以幫助打掃城市公園。

【解析1】help

v

→helpful

1).

help

sb.

to

do

sth.

幫助某人做某事。

2).

help

oneself

（

to

）自用（食物等）。

3).

help

sb.

out

幫助某人克服困難，渡過難關(guān)、解決問題、完成工作。

4).

with

the

help

of

在……幫助下。

5).

help

sb.

with

sth.

幫助某人做某事。

6).Can’t

help

doing

情不自禁做....

1.

—

Mary

is

so

________

—

she

es

to

you

whenever

you’re

in

trouble.

A.

useful

B.

careful

C.

thankful

D.

helpful

2..The

woman

___all

of

her

money

to

charities____

the

poor.

A.

gave

off,

to

help

B.

gave

up,

helping

C.

gave

away,

to

help

D.

gave,

helping

【解析2】clean

up

把……打掃干凈（v.

+

adv.）

clean

up

the

table

=

clean

the

table

up

1.Your

bedroom

is

too

dirty,

please

_____.

A.

clean

it

up

B.

clean

up

it

C.

set

it

up

2.

If

everyone

pours

less

polluted

water

into

Dianchi

Lake,

it

will

be

_____.

A.

deeper

and

deeper

B.

cleaner

and

cleaner

C.

dirtier

and

dirtier

D.

wider

and

wider

2.

The

girl

could

visit

the

sick

kids

in

the

hospital

to

cheer

them

up.

女孩可以去醫(yī)院看望生病的孩子們，讓他們振作起來。

【解析1】sick

/ill

：

(1)

sick

adj.“生病的”，既可放be

(系動詞)后作表語，

也可放n.前作定語。

be

sick

of

…“討厭；厭惡……”

sick

person

=

patient“病人”

(2)

ill

adj.“生病的”，只能放be

(系動詞)后作表語，

be

ill

in

hospital

生病住院

ill

→

illness

n.“病；疾病”

【解析2】in

the

hospital

與in

hospital

(1)

in

the

hospital“在醫(yī)院”

指人在醫(yī)院里，允許是在醫(yī)院上班，允許是到醫(yī)院看望病人等；(2)

in

hospital

“在醫(yī)院；住院”

指生病住院。

類似的短語有：

in

the

bed“在床上”，也許是蹲在床上或站在床上；

in

bed“在床上”指躺在床上

Tom

is

ill

and

staying

in

bed.

1.

My

grandfather

was

ill

_____

last

week.

I’m

sorry

to

hear

that.

A.

in

a

hospital

B.

in

the

hospital

C.

in

hospital

D.

in

hospitals

【解析3】cheer

up

使振奮，使高興的（v.

+adv）

cheer

sb.

up

=make

sb.

happy

使某人高興

cheer

me

up

使我高興

1.You

could

visit

_____children

in

the

hospital

and

_____them______.

A.

ill,

set,

up

B.

sick,

clean,

up

C.

sick,

cheer,

up

2.—He

looks

unhappy

today.

—Let’s

.

A.

cheer

him

up

B.

help

out

him

C.

look

him

after

D.

argue

with

him

3.The

boy

could

give

out

food

at

the

food

bank.

男孩可以在食物站分發(fā)食物

【解析】give

out

=hand

out分發(fā)(v.

+adv)

hand

out

bananas

give

out

sth

to

sb.

分….給某人

【短語】：give

in

屈服

give

back=return

歸還

give

a

speech

發(fā)表

give

sb.

a

call

給……打

give

away

贈送give

away

money

to

kids

give

sb.

a

hand

=help

sb.

幫助某人

give

up

doing

sth

=stop

doing

sth放棄做某事give

up

smoking

放棄吸煙

give

sb.

sth

=

give

sth

to

sb.

給某人某物

1.You

shouldn’t

_____your

hope.

Everything

will

better.

A.

give

up

B.

fix

up

C.

cheer

up

D.

put

up

2.We

have

raised

some

books.

We’ll

___to

the

poor

children.

A.

put

them

up

B.

give

them

away

C.

give

them

away.

D.

put

out

them

4.

We

need

to

e

up

with

a

plan

for

the

City

Park

Clean

up

Day.

我們需要為城市公園清潔日想出一個計劃。【解析】e

up

with

=think

up

想出

catch

up

with

趕上

追上

【短語】：think

about

考慮

think

of

想起

think

over

仔細考慮

【拓展】v+up

with

構(gòu)成的短語：

catch

up

with

趕上；追上

keep

up

with

跟上；跟、、、、、保持聯(lián)系

put

u

with

容忍；

忍得住

end

up

with

結(jié)束；以.......而結(jié)束1.

—

It

is

too

noisy

here.

I

can’t

stand

it.

—

Me,

too.

We

have

to________

new

ways

to

solve

the

problem.

A.

catch

up

with

B.

keep

up

with

C.

e

up

with5.

Oh

,

what

did

they

ask

you

to

help

out

with?

哦，他們讓你幫助做些什么？

【解析】help

out

幫助；

幫助......出來

help

sb.

out

使某人脫離困境

1.

He

______

plenty

of

money

to

the

people

in

the

earthquake

area

______.

A.

put

out,

to

work

out

well

B.

handed

out,

help

them

out

C

gave

out,

work

out

well

D.

gave

away;

to

help

them

out

6.

They

told

me

stories

about

the

past

and

how

things

used

to

be.

他們給我講過去的故事，并告訴我過去事情是什么樣子的。

【解析1】

(1)

use

v.使用→useful

adj.

有用的

(2)

use

sth

to

do

sth

用某物做某事

(3)

used

to

do

sth

過去常常做某事，表示過去做過的事現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不做，只用于過去時態(tài)。

(4)

be

/get

used

to

doing

sth

習(xí)慣于做某事

(5)

be

used

to

do

sth

被用來做某事=be

used

for

doing

sth

1.My

brother

used

to

_____

up

late,

but

now

he

is

used

to

___

up

early.

A.

get

get

B.

getting;

get

C.

get;

getting

D.

getting;

getting

2.Keys

are

used

___

the

door.

A.

to

open

B.

to

opening

C.

open

D.

opening

3.

–How

does

Jack

usually

go

to

work?

—He

______

drive

a

car,

but

now

he

______

there

to

lose

weight.

A.

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

B.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

C.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

D.

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

7.

That

sounds

interesting.

那聽起來挺有趣。

【解析】sound

(1)n聲音

We

heard

a

strange

sound.

【辨析】Sound/noise/voicesound(n.)指自然界中所有的聲音，可指悅耳的聲音也可指噪音。

⑵noise一般指很響的，刺耳的聲音，即喧鬧，嘈雜聲等。

③voice指人通過發(fā)音器官發(fā)出的聲音（包括說話，唱歌等）。

Mary

has

a

beautiful

voice.

瑪麗的聲音很美。

Don't

make

such

a

noise.

別這樣大聲喧嘩。

1.

—

Did

you

hear

any

strange

_____when

the

quake

happened?

—

No,

I

was

in

my

garden

with

my

flowers

and

was

enjoying

the

beautiful

_____of

my

birds

at

that

time.

A.

voice;

noise

B.

noise;

sound

C.

whisper;

sound

D.

sound;

voice

2.Stop

making

so

much

_____.

The

children

are

sleeping.

A.

voice

B.

noise

C.

sound

vi.聽起來，似乎，其后加表語（形容詞，介詞短語，名詞）

—It

sounds

beautiful.

它聽起來很美。8.

Yeah,

a

lot

of

old

people

are

lonely.

是的，很多老年人都很孤獨。

【解析】alone

/

lonely

辨析：

(1)alone

=

by

oneself

adj.

單獨的，指無人陪伴的客觀事實，不帶感情色彩。

He

often

walks

alone

to

home

.

(2)lonely

①指人孤獨的，寂寞的，強調(diào)主觀感受；②也可指某個地方是荒涼的

1.The

old

man

lives

___，but

he

never

feels

____.

A.

alone

lonely

B.

lonely;

alone

C.

alone;

alone

D.

lonely;

lonely9.

We

should

listen

to

them

and

care

for

them

.

我們應(yīng)該傾聽他們說話并且關(guān)心他們。

【解析】care

for

照看；照顧；

照料

1..

Many

students

in

our

school

_______

the

old

and

they

usually

offer

their

seats

to

them

on

buses.

A.

worry

about

B.

care

for

C.

agree

with

D.

take

care

【拓展】care的短語總結(jié)

take

care

=be

careful

v.當(dāng)心，小心

take

care

of

=look

after

v.照顧，照料，照看

take

care

of

處理，做完

care

for

v.照顧，照看

1.

Thanks

for

your

invitation,

but

I’m

so

sorry

I

can’t

go.

I

need

to

______

my

baby

at

home.

A.

take

away

B.

take

off

C.

take

care

of

D.

take

out

of

10.

Mario

Green

and

Mary

Brown

from

Riverside

High

School

give

up

several

hours

each

week

to

help

others.

來自河畔高中的馬里奧。格林和瑪麗每周都會花幾個小時去幫助別人。

【解析1】give

up

放棄

give

up

doing

sth=stop

doing

sth

放棄做某事

1.—

It's

too

hard

for

me

to

be

a

trailwalker.

—

Never

________.

Believe

in

yourself!

A.

put

up

B.

give

up

C.

hurry

up

D.

look

up

2.—Diaoyu

Island

belongs

to

China.

—Surely

it

does!

We

Chinese

will

never

it

up.

A.

cut

B.

fix

C.

give

D.

set

【解析2】several

可作定語，表示“幾個”：

=

a

few

Several

boys

were

injured.

有幾個小伙子傷了。

My

friend

speaks

several

languages.

我的朋友能講幾種語言

11.

He

volunteers

at

an

animal

hospital

every

Saturday

morning.

他每周六早上在動物醫(yī)院做志愿者。

【解析】volunteer

v

志愿

n

志愿者

volunteer

to

do

sth

志愿做某事

They

often

___________________(自愿去教)

the

children

12.

...

But

I

want

to

learn

more

about

how

to

care

for

animals...

但是我想學(xué)習(xí)更多的關(guān)于如何照顧動物的知識

【解析】

―疑問詞+不定式‖作及物動詞的賓語，

【記】：I

don’t

know

what

to

do.

I

don’t’

know

how

to

do

it

.

I

don’t

know

what

to

do

with

it.

【拓展】

“特殊疑問詞

+

不定式”

與

“wh

–

從句的轉(zhuǎn)換。

轉(zhuǎn)換時只需在疑問詞后加主語（與主句主語一致），并將不定式改成

“should

+v原形“做謂語。

I

don’t

know

how

to

solve

the

problem.

=

I

don’t

know

how

I

should

solve

the

problem.

—

Which

dress

do

you

like

best,

Madam?

—

Sorry,

I

can’t

decide

_____

now.

A.

to

buy

which

one

B.

buy

which

one

C.

which

one

to

buy

D.

which

I

should

buy

it.

13.

I

get

such

a

strong

feeling

of

satisfaction

when

I

see

the

animals

get

better

and

the

look

of

joy

on

their

owners’

faces.

當(dāng)我看到動物們變得更好，并且它們的主人的臉上呈現(xiàn)喜悅之情時，我有一種很強烈的滿足感?！窘馕?】such

形容詞

修飾名詞

such

a/an

+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

such+

除many/few之外的形容詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

such

+除much/little之外的形容詞+

不可數(shù)名詞

so

程度副詞

修飾形容詞或副詞

so+

形容詞+a/an

+

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

so+

many/few

+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

so+

much/little+不可數(shù)名詞

【解析1】(1)so

…that

如此…..以致……

―So

+adj.+

that‖

“如此……以至……‖

引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句

so后面接形容詞、副詞

He

was

so

strong

that

he

could

lift

the

heavy

bag.

1.

The

girl

is

____

a

nice

girl

____

we

all

want

to

help

her.

A.

such;

that

B.

too;

to

C.

so;

that

D.

very;

that

2.Some

word

puzzles

in

this

book

are

____

difficult

that

____

students

can

solve

them.

A.

such;

few

B.

such;

little

C.

so;

few

D.

so;

little

3.The

teacher

speaks

very

loudly

____

all

the

students

can

hear

her.

A.

so

that

B.

because

C.

since

D.

when

【解析2】get

better

變得更好

14.

She

could

read

by

herself

at

the

age

of

four.

她在四歲的時候就能夠獨自閱讀。

【解析】at

the

age

of

在......歲的時候=

when

sb.

Was

...

Years

old.

15.

Last

year,

she

decided

to

try

out

for

a

volunteer

afterschool

reading

program.

去年，她決定嘗試在一個課后閱讀項目中做一名志愿者。

【解析】try

out

嘗試；實驗

try

v

試圖，設(shè)法，努力

【拓展】

(1)try

on

試穿

(2)

try

to

do

sth

努力做某事

【側(cè)重盡力做】

(3)

try

doing

sth

試圖做某事

【側(cè)重嘗試做】

(4)try

one’s

best

to

do

sth=

do

one’s

best

to

do

sth

盡某人最大努力做某事

1.

We

should

try

___

much

fruit.

A.

eat

B.

to

eat

C.

eating

D.

eats

16.

...，but

you

can

see

in

their

eyes

they’re

going

on

a

different

journey

with

each

new

book,......,

但是你能從他們的眼睛里看到他們正隨著每本新書在進行不

同的旅行。

【解析】go

on

a

journey

=

go

on

a

trip去旅行

17.

Volunteering

here

is

a

dream

e

true

for

me.

對于我來說，在這里做志愿工作使我夢想成真。

【解析】

e

true

實現(xiàn)

achieve

是

主語一般為“人”

e

true

否

主語一般是“夢想；理想”1.

If

we

Chinese

work

hard

together.

China

Dream

will

______

.

A.

e

out

B.

e

true

C.

achieve

【拓展】與e相關(guān)的短語：

【短語】e

and

go

來來回回

e

from

來自

e

back

回來

e

out

出來

e

on

加油，快點

e

in

進來

e

back

回來

e

over

順便來訪

e

true

實現(xiàn)

e

up

with

想出

2.

Scientists

are

trying

their

best

to

_______

ways

to

treat

the

terrible

disease

called

H7N9.

A.

e

up

with

B.

look

forward

to

C.

talk

about

D.

give

up

18.

I

can

do

what

I

love

to

do

and

help

others

at

the

same

time.

我不但可以做我自己喜歡的事，同時還可以幫助其他人。

【解析】at

the

same

time

同時,

19.

However,

few

people

think

about

what

they

can

do

to

help

others.

然而，很少有人會考慮他們能做些什么來幫助他人。

【解析1】however

然而

【辨析

】however和

but

二者都意為“可是，但是”；

but是并列名詞，連接兩個并列分句，上下二句在總的意義上構(gòu)成了對比。

I

really

don't

like

cheese,

but

I

will

try

just

a

little

this

time.

我實在是不喜歡吃奶酪，但是這次我要嘗一點。

⑵

however不能直接連接兩個分句，必須另起新句，并用逗號隔開。

It

was

raining

hard.

However,

we

went

out

to

look

for

the

boy.

雨下得很大，不過我們還是出去尋找那個孩子

【解析2】few

幾乎沒有

few

幾乎沒有（表否定含義）

可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)

They

know

few

of

us

a

few

一些（表肯定含義）

He

made

a

few

mistakes

little

幾乎沒有（表否定含義）

不可數(shù)名詞

I

spend

very

little

on

food

a

little

一些（表肯定含義）

I

know

a

little

about

the

story

1.—

There

used

to

be

lots

of

fish

in

the

lake.

—

Yes,

but

there

are

very

__________

now.

A.

few

B.

fewer

C.

little

D.

Less

2.The

girl

in

purple

is

new

here,

so

___

people

know

her.

A.

few

B

.a

few

C

.a

little

20.

There

are

many

people

who

are

less

lucky

than

us

.

有很多沒有我們幸運的人。

【解析】less

較少的；

較次的

1..

To

live

a

green

life,

we

should

try

to

save

______

energy

and

produce_______

pollution.

A.

more;

less

B.

less;

more

C.

more;

fewer

D.

most;

least

2.3.

The

world’s

population

is

growing

_____and

there

is

____land

and

water

for

growing

rice.

A.

more;

less

B.

larger;

fewer

C.

larger;

less

D.

more;

fewer

21.For

example

,

we

can

make

plans

to

visit

sick

children

in

the

hospital

or

raise

money

for

homeless

people.

例如，

我們可以制定一些計劃去看望醫(yī)院生病的孩子們或者無家可歸的人們籌錢。

【解析1】for

example

⑴for

example“例如”，一般只以同類事物或人中的“一個”為例，作插入語，

用逗號隔開，可置于句首、句中或句末。

For

example，he

is

a

good

student.

例如，他就是個好學(xué)生。

⑵

such

as“例如”，用來列舉同類人或事物中的幾個例子。可以和and

so

on

連用。

Boys

such

as

John

and

James

are

very

friendly.

像約翰和詹姆斯這樣的男孩都很友好。

【解析2】

raise

（raised;

raised)

v

募集；征集

raise

money

for...

“為......籌款”

【解析3】

home

n

家→homeless

adj.

無家可歸的

be

home

to

…

=

be

the

home

of

sb.

成為…家園

a

homeless

boy

一個無家可歸的男孩

We

have

only

one

Earth.

It's

our

mon

_____.

A.

family

B.

house

C.

home

D.

room

【拓展】由home構(gòu)成的合成詞：

homeland

n

祖國

hometown

n

家鄉(xiāng)

homework

家庭作業(yè)

homeless

adj.

無家可歸的

homemade

adj.

自制的

【同類記憶】

careless

粗心的

hopeless

沒有希望的

helpless

無助的

useless

沒有用的

1.

After

the

earthquake

in

Japan,

we

are

trying

to

help

the

_______

people

to

rebuild

their

homes.

A.

harmless

B.

endless

C.

useless

D.

homeless22.

Some

people

even

stop

doing

their

jobs

for

a

few

months

to

a

year

to

move

to

another

country,

like

Africa,and

help

people

there.

有些人甚至?xí)Ｏ伦约旱墓ぷ鲙讉€月到一年去其他的國家，像非洲，并且?guī)椭抢锏娜藗儭?/p>

【解析】

stop

doing

(1)stop

doing

sth

停止做某事

Please

stop

speaking.請停止講話

(2)stop

to

do

sth

停下來去做另外一件事

Please

stop

to

talk.請停下來講話

(3)stop

sb.

from

doing

sth

=keep

sb

from

doing

sth=prevent

sb

from

doing

sth

阻止某人做某事

(4)can’t

stop

doing

sth

忍不住做??

SectionB1.

I

repaired

it

.

我把它修好了

【解析】

repair

v

“修理；修復(fù)”

1)

repair的對象范圍很廣，從房屋、道路、機器到日常生活必需品，是使受到一定損失或失靈的東西恢復(fù)其形狀或功能。

Who

has

repaired

the

broken

leg

of

the

table?

誰把桌子的斷腿修好了？

2)

mend的意思是恢復(fù)某物原來的樣子(包括用針、線來縫補)，一般指較小之物。

This

shirt

is

too

old

to

mend.

這件衣服太舊不能補了。

3)

fix用于需要重新“調(diào)”物體的結(jié)構(gòu)，把松散的部件固定結(jié)實，將分離的物體各部分裝配起來。用于美國口語中，與repair無多大區(qū)別。

Can

you

fix

the

broken

chair?

你能修理那把壞了的椅子嗎?

2.

I

take

after

my

mother.

我長的像我媽媽。

【解析】(1)take

after

=be

similar

to在（外貌、性格等方面）與（父母）相像

(2)look

like

只指在外貌上與…..相像

(3)be

like

指在性格上相像1.

The

girl

_____

the

woman.

Maybe

she

is

her

daughter.

A.

take

care

B.

takes

after

C.

takes

off

D.

look

after

2.Tom

___

his

father,

because

they

both

are

cheerful

and

easygoing.

A.

looks

like

B.

takes

after

C.

doesnt’

take

after

D.

isn’t

like

【解析】similar

adj.

相似的

be

similar

to

sb.

和某人很相似

1.Her

sweater

is

___

to

my

sister’s

.

They

are

the

____

color.

A.

similar;

same

B.

similar;

similar

C.

same;

same

D.

same;

similar

3.

I

gave

it

away.

我把它修理好了

【解析】give

away

贈送；

分發(fā)（獎品），捐贈

(

)

—

What

are

you

doing,

Uncle

Wang?

—

I

am

sorting

out

old

books

and

I’ll

____

to

kids

in

West

China.

A.

give

them

up

B.

give

them

away

C.

give

them

off

D.

give

them

in

【2013江蘇連云港1】11.

It

was

a

difficult

time

for

the

quake－h(huán)it

victims

in

Ya'an,

but

they

didn't

________

hope.

A.

give

up

B.

give

off

C.

give

in

D.

give

out

【拓展2】與away相關(guān)的短語：get

away

from

逃離

throw

away扔掉

go

away

離去；出去

stay

away

(from)遠離

put

away

放好

run

away

逃走4.

I’ll

send

you

a

photo

of

Lucky.

【解析】(1)

a

photo

of

sb.

sb.為賓格，“某人的一張照片”，

強調(diào)照片上的人就是他/她本人。

(2)

a

photo

of

sb’s.

sb’s.為名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格，“某人的一張照片”，強調(diào)照片上的人是sb.所擁有的。

1.

One

of

my

friends

is

a

policewoman,

this

is

a

photo

of

.

A.

her

B.

hers

C.

she

D.

his

2.

—Excuse

me，look

at

the

sign

NO

PHOTOS!

—Sorry,

I

________it.

A.

don’t

see

B.

didn’t

see

C.

haven’t

seen

D.

won’t

see

5.

I’m

sure

you

know

that

this

group

was

set

up

to

help

disabled

people

like

me.

我肯定你知道這個組織的成立是為了幫助像我這樣的殘疾人。

【解析1】be

sure

(that)

...

be

sure＋of／about

doing

sth，“確信……”；“對……有把握”。

但在接名詞時，be

sure

of側(cè)重指主語對某抽象事物的確信無疑；

be

sure

about則側(cè)重指主語對某具體事物的確信無疑。

I'm

sure

of

his

honesty．我肯定他是誠實的。

⑵be

sure

to

do

sth

，表示說話人對句子主語作出的判斷，認為句子主語“必定”、

“必然會”、“準會”如何如何。

It

is

sure

to

rain．天一定會下雨。

⑶be

sure+賓語從句，表示主句主語對賓語從句中涉及的事物所作出的判斷，

意為“確信某事一定會……”。

We

are

sure

he

will

make

great

progress

this

term．

我們確信他這學(xué)期一定會取得巨大進步

【拓展】make

sure表示“弄確實；核實；查證”。

make

sure常用于祈使句，后面常接that賓語從句或of介詞短語。

Make

sure

+

that從句意為“弄明白；確信”。

【解析2】set

up

建立；設(shè)立

set

up

=establish

=build建立（v.

+adv）

【短語】：set

off

出發(fā)set

about

doing

sth

著手去做某事

1.We

have

____

some

organizations

to

help

the

poor

students

in

the

western

areas

of

China.

A.

taken

up

B.

put

up

C.

picked

up

D.

set

up

—

When

are

you

going

to

______

for

Shanghai?

—

Tomorrow

morning.

A.

get

off

B.

turn

off

C.

take

off

D.

set

off

【解析3】disabled

adj.

肢體有殘疾的

（既可以做表語，

也可以做定語）。

disabled

people

殘疾人

【加前綴dis

構(gòu)成的派生詞】

dislike

不喜歡

disorder

無秩序

dishonest

不誠實

disappear

消失

6.

Lucky

makes

a

big

difference

to

my

life.

“幸運”對我的生活產(chǎn)生了很大的影響。

【解析】makes

a

big

difference

影響；有作用

1.The

heavy

snow

didn’t

___

the

international

airlines.

A.

pay

attention

to

B.add

to

C.

make

a

difference

to

D.keep

to

7.

Or

imagine

you

can’t

walk

or

use

your

hands

easily.

或者想象一下你不能走路或自如地使用你的手。

【解析】imagine

+

n/

ving/

pron

v

想象

1.—

My

mother

can’t

imagine

____

on

line.

—

Many

people

don’t

know

how

to

do

it.

A.

shop

B.

to

shop

C.

shopping

D.

Shopped

8.

...

But

many

people

have

these

difficulties.

但是很多人有這些困難。

【解析】have

difficulty

(in)

doing

sth

做某事有困難

1.—

I

have

great

____

in

finishing

the

work

by

myself.

Could

you

help

me?

—

No

problem.

A.fun

B.success

C.advice

D.difficulty

9.

I

love

animals

and

I

was

excited

about

the

idea

of

having

a

dog.

我熱愛動物，并且為能擁有一只狗這個主意激動不已。

【解析】be

excited

about

對......感到激動

【解析1】excite→

exciting/excited

興奮的

be

excited

about對…感到興奮

—What

_____

news!

Yes.

We

are

all

_____

about

it.

A.

exciting;

exciting

B.

excited;

excited

C.

exciting;

excited

【解析】

be

able

to

能夠be

able

to

用于各種時態(tài)

有人稱和數(shù)的變化

I

will

be

able

to

dress

more

casually.

can

用于現(xiàn)在時或過去時（could）

沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化

I

could

swim

at

the

age

of

seven.

=I

was

able

to

swim

at

the

age

of

seven.

10.

My

dog’s

name

is

Lucky—

a

good

name

for

him

because

I

feel

very

lucky

to

have

him.

我的狗的名字叫“幸運”——

對于他來說是個好名字，因為有了他我感覺自己很幸運。

【解析】be/

feel

lucky

to

do

sth

做某事感到很幸運。

【解析1】

luck

n.“幸運”

→

lucky

adj.“幸運的”

→

luckily

adv.“幸運地”

→

unlucky

adj.“不幸的”

→

unluckily

adv.“不幸地；不幸的是”

1.The

little

girl

was

very

_________(幸運的）to

get

a

free

ticket

to

Disneyland.

11.

For

example,

I

say,

“Lucky!

Get

my

book,”

and

he

does

it

at

once.

例如，

我說：“Lucky！把我的書拿來?！?/p>

它馬上就照做。

【解析】(1)fetch

v

去拿來=get

去（某地）

拿來（講話者處）

(2)bring

v

帶來從（某地）拿到（講話者處）

bring

sb.

sth

=

bring

sth

to

sb.

給某人帶某物

(3)

take

v

帶來

從（講話者）拿走

take

→took

→

taken

—Oh

,I’ve

left

my

schoolbag

in

the

classroom.

—

Don’t

worry.

I’ll

___it

for

you.

A.

bring

B.

get

C.

carry

D.

take

2.The

teacher

told

the

students

____

any

food

into

the

classroom

.

A.

not

to

bring

B.

not

bring

C.

don’t

bring

D.

to

bring

not

3.—

Don’t

forget

____

your

history

and

politics

books

tomorrow

morning.

A.

bring

B.

to

bring

C.

bringing

4.—

Sam,

my

iPhone

is

in

my

bedroom.

Could

you

_____

it

for

me?

—

No

problem.

A.

bring

B.

fetch

C.

take

D.

carry

5.－I’m

sorry,

Mr

Li.

I

______

my

English

homework

at

home.

－Don’t

forget

it

to

school

tomorrow.

A.

left,

to

bring

B.

forgot,

to

take

C.

lost,

to

bring

I’ll

send

you

a

photo

of

him

if

you

like,

and

I

could

show

you

how

he

helpsme.如果你喜歡我會給你寄張他的照片，并且我會告訴你他是如何幫助我的?！窘馕?】send→

sent

→

sent

v

發(fā)送

【短語】：

send

away

趕走

send

for

派人去請

send

off

寄出

send

out

分發(fā)

send

up

發(fā)射

send

sb.

sth

=

send

sth

to

sb.

送給某人某物

1.You

fill

in

both

parts

of

the

form,

then_____.

A.

send

up

it

B.

send

for

it

C.

send

it

away

D.

send

it

off

2.Please

send

a

photo

of

your

family

____

me.

A.

for

B.

at

C.

to

D.

with

【解析2】if

如果引導(dǎo)真實條件狀語從句

從句用一般現(xiàn)在時，主句用一般將來時。

1.

Please

hold

on

to

your

dream

______

one

day

it

es

true.

A.

if

B.

until

C.

unless

D.

though

2.—Would

you

like

to

go

shopping

with

me,

Carmen？

—I’d

love

to,

_____

you

don’t

want

to

go

alone.

A.

until

B.

before

C.

if

3.

The

children

will

climb

the

hill

if

it___________

tomorrow.

A.

won't

rain

B.

didn't

rain

C.

isn't

raining

D.

doesn't

rain

13.

Thank

you

again

for

changing

my

life.

再次感謝你改變了我的生活。

【解析1】Thank

sb.

for

+n/

pron/

ving

為……而感謝某人。1.

________

the

teacher,

I’ve

made

great

progress.

A.

Thank

you

B.

Thanks

C.

Thanks

lot

【解析2】change

v

改變；變化

change

one’s

life

改變某人的生活

change...

Into...

(把......）變成

2.If

you

want

to

change

the

world,

you

have

to

___

yourself

first.

A.enjoy

B.check

C.help

D.change單元練習(xí)題單選：1.Wehave______8dayholiday.Whataboutgoingto________WestLake?Soundsgreat.A.an;aB.a;aC.an;theD.a;the2.The

woman

___all

of

her

money

to

charities____

the

poor.

A.

gave

off,

to

help

B.

gave

up,

helping

C.

gave

away,

to

help

D.

gave,

helping

3.

My

grandfather

was

ill

_____

last

week.

I’m

sorry

to

hear

that.

A.

in

a

hospital

B.

in

the

hospital

C.

in

hospital

D.

in

hospitals

4.How

does

Jack

usually

go

to

work?

He

______

drive

a

car,

but

now

he

______

there

to

lose

weight.

A.

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

B.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

C.

was

used

to;

is

used

to

walk

D.

used

to;

is

used

to

walking

5.The

old

man

lives

___，but

he

never

feels

____.

A.

alone

lonely

B.

lonely;

alone

C.

alone;

alone

D.

lonely;

lonely6.Many

students

in

our

school

_______

the

old

and

they

usually

offer

their

seats

to

them

on

buses.

A.

worry

about

B.

care

for

C.

agree

with

D.

take

care

7.It's

too

hard

for

me

to

be

a

goodEnglishlearner.

Never

________.

Believe

in

yourself!

A.

put

up

B.

give

up

C.

hurry

up

D.

look

up

8.Some

word

puzzles

in

this

book

are

____

difficult

that

____

students

can

solve

them.

A.

such;

few

B.

such;

little

C.

so;

few

D.

so;

little

9.are

trying

their

best

to

_______

ways

to

treat

the

terrible

disease

called

H7N9.

A.

e

up

with

B.

look

forward

to

C.

talk

about

D.

give

up

10.To

live

a

green

life,

we

should

try

to

save

______

energy

and

produce_______

pollution.

A.

more;

less

B.

less;

more

C.

more;

fewer

D.

most;

least

11.Tom

___

his

father,

because

they

both

are

cheerful

and

easygoing.

A.

looks

like

B.

takes

after

C.

doesn’t

take

after

D.

isn’t

like

12.

I

have

great

____

in

finishing

the

work

by

myself.

Could

you

help

me?

No

problem.

A.fun

B.success

C.advice

D.difficulty

13.Whatnews!

Yes.

We

are

all

_____

about

it.

A.

exciting;

exciting

B.

excited;

excited

C.

exciting;

excited

D.excited;exciting14.The

teacher

told

the

students

____

any

food

into

the

classroom

.

A.

not

to

bring

B.

not

bring

C.

don’t

bring

D.

to

bring

not

15.The

children

will

climb

the

hill

if

it___________tomorrow.

A.

won't

rain

B.

didn't

rain

C.

isn't

raining

D.

doesn't

rain16.Theteachermadeus_______thequestiononebyone.A.answerB.toanswerC.answeredD.answering17.WeoftenhearLinda________booksintheevening.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.reads18.Youcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitalto__________.A.cheerupthemB.laughathimC.cheerthemupD.takeafterthem.How

many

teachers

are

ther