挖掘機結(jié)構(gòu)培訓(xùn)三一課件教案

會計學(xué)1挖掘機結(jié)構(gòu)培訓(xùn)三一

一概論generalIntroduction1

定義：挖掘機是一種主要用于開挖土石方的施工機械。Definition:Anexcavatorisusedintheexcavationofearthandconstructionmachinery2

工作過程：它是用鏟斗上的斗齒切削土壤并裝入斗內(nèi)，裝滿土后提升鏟斗并回轉(zhuǎn)到卸土地點卸土，然后再使轉(zhuǎn)臺回轉(zhuǎn)、鏟斗下降到挖掘面，進行下一次挖掘。WorkingScoop:Itusesthetoothofthebuckettocutsoilandpackedinsidethebucket.Fillthebucketwithsoilandupgradebacktothepointofdumping,andthenrotatetheplatform,dropthebuckettothetapsurface,thenthenextexcavation.3

用途：挖掘機在建筑、筑路、水利、電力、采礦、石油、天然氣管道鋪設(shè)和軍事工程中被廣泛地使用。Excavatorsuses:inbuildingroads,water,power,mining,oilandgaspipelinelayingprojecthasbeenthewidespreaduseofthemilitary.4

主要作業(yè)對象：挖掘機主要用于筑路工程中的路基開挖，建筑工程中開挖基礎(chǔ)，水利工程中開挖溝渠、運河和疏浚河道，在采石場、露天開采等工程中剝離和礦石的挖掘等。據(jù)統(tǒng)計，工程施工中約60％的土石方量是靠挖掘機完成的。Mainoperatingtargetformajorhighwayprojects:theexcavatorusedinsubgradeexcavation,constructionexcavationfoundationExcavationofwaterditches,canalsandriverdredging,quarries,opencastminingprojectssuchasstrippingandoremining.Accordingtostatistics,about60%ofearthworkconstructioniscompletedbytheexcavator5

其它用途：挖掘機更換工作裝置后還可進行澆筑、起重、安裝、打樁、夯土和拔樁等作業(yè)。Otheruses:replacementofthedevicesalsocatchexcavators,cranes,theinstallationofthepile,RammingandtheDiocesanpilingoperations.6工作條件Workingconditions6.1液壓挖掘機正常工作環(huán)境溫度為-20℃～55℃。Hydraulicexcavatorsnormalworkingtemperature:-20°C~55°C6.2液壓挖掘機應(yīng)能在Ⅲ級土壤中正常作業(yè)，對凍土層和巖石，需松裂和爆破后方可施工，且須使用巖石型鏟斗進行作業(yè)；巖石型鏟斗斗齒須滿足JG/T90-1999的要求.Ⅲsoilhydraulicexcavatorshouldbeabletoworknormally,andtherocklayerofpermafrost,andtheneedtosplitthesongblastingbeforeconstruction.Rockrequirestheuseofbucketforoperations;RockBucketToothJG/T90-1999mustmeettherequirements6.3輪胎式挖掘機在巖石工況作業(yè)時，對輪胎進行必要的保護。Tireexcavatorisoperatedinrockcondition,thetiresshouldhavenecessaryprotection.6.4海拔3000m能正常工作。altitudeof3,000mworknormally6.5能在沙漠、鹽堿地區(qū)工作。Worknormallyinthedesert,salinedistrict6.6適于各種濕度地區(qū)工作，最大相對濕度要滿足100％。Inhumidityareas,theyarealsosuitableforallkindsofwork,tomeet100%relativehumidity.

二挖掘機的發(fā)展史Thehistoryoftheexcavators’development2.1國外挖掘機的發(fā)展史1）1837年第一臺挖掘機在美國誕生----以蒸汽作動力的動力鏟2）1900年第一臺以柴油機作動力的挖掘機問世3）1954年第一臺全液壓挖掘機在德國出現(xiàn)4）1961年日本從歐美引進了液壓挖掘機技術(shù)5）1985年第一臺全電腦控制的液壓挖掘機在日本出現(xiàn)Excavatorforeignhistoryofthedevelopment:1837thefirstexcavatorintheUnitedStateswasborn-tosteam-drivenpowershovelin1900thefirstdieselenginetopowerfortheexcavatormadeIn1954firsthydraulicexcavatorinGermanIn1961JapanintroducedahydraulicexcavatortechnicalfromEuropeandtheUnitedStatesIn1985thefirstofallcomputer-controlledhydraulicexcavatorswascomeintobeinginJapan2.2國內(nèi)挖掘機的發(fā)展史1）1954年生產(chǎn)出第一臺機械式挖掘機2）1960年開始研制液壓挖掘機3）1970年以后測繪國外樣機仿制全液壓挖掘機取得成功4）1982年起挖掘機行業(yè)第一次全面引進德國公司的液壓挖掘機技術(shù)及配套件技術(shù)Thehistoryofthedevelopmentofdomesticexcavatorin1954producedthefirstmechanicaldiggerin1960begandevelopinghydraulicexcavatorin1970aftermappingforeignprototypehydraulicexcavatorsuccessfulimitationsince1982ExcavatorthefirstGermancompanytoimportthetechnologyandaccessorieshydraulicexcavatortechnology5）1990年機械工業(yè)部組織引進日本小松液壓挖掘機技術(shù)6）1990年玉柴研制成功了機重1.3噸的微型挖掘機7）1993年國外二手機開始在中國內(nèi)地大量銷售使用8）1995年-1998年國外10家著名公司開始在中國建合資與獨資企業(yè)9）1998年上海建筑機械廠破產(chǎn)被上海彭浦機械廠兼并5)1990MachineryIndustryMinistryandJapanKomatsuhydraulicexcavatortechnology6)1990YuchaisuccessMachinery1.3tonsofminiexcavators7)1993foreigntwocellphonesinmainlandChinasellinglargequantitiesofused8)1995-1998,10foreignwell-knowncompaniesinChina,jointventuresandwholly-ownedenterprises9)in1998ShanghaiConstructionMachineryWorksbankruptcyShanghaiEffectivenessEvaluationonthePengpuMachineryPlantmerger三挖掘機的分類Excavatorsclassification3.1按機重分類可分成：Classificationbyheavymachinecanbedividedinto:

微型（小型）micro(small)G≤6t

中小型midandmicro6t＜G≤16t

中型Medium16t＜G≤40t

大型Large40t＜G≤100t

特大型vastLargeG＞100t國內(nèi)外普遍使用原則是：Homeandabroadcommonlyusedare

40t以上的大型機以正鏟為主，單用途：挖掘theexcavatorsmorethan40tmainlybyfrontshovel,singlepurpose:excavating6t以下的?。ㄎⅲ┬蜋C以履帶（全部）反鏟為主，多用途

theexcavatorsbelow6tmainlycrawlerandbackhoe,multi-purposes.10t-22t之間的挖掘機輪式與履式混用，以履式占絕大多數(shù)，挖掘為主兼顧多用途.10-22t’sexcavatorshavewheeledandcrawlerones,mainlyarecrawlers,whichhavemulti-purposes.22t以上的挖掘機全部為履帶式挖掘機

alloftheabove22texcavatorsarecrawlerexcavators

3.2按傳動方式分類：bymeansofdrivingcanbeclassified

液壓傳動挖掘機和機械傳動挖掘機hydraulicandmechanicaltransmissionexcavators

3.3按作業(yè)方式分類：classificationbyexcavatoroperations

單斗與多斗挖掘機singleandmulti-bucketsexcavators

3.4按行走方式分類：Classificationbyrunningmode

履帶式與輪胎式挖掘機（還有步履式、拖式、軌道式等）

crawlerandwheeledexcavators(andwalker,towed.Rail)

3.5按動力方式分類：Dynamicclassificationbytheway

內(nèi)燃驅(qū)動（柴油機）與電力驅(qū)動挖掘機DieselDriving(Diesel)andpower-drivenexcavators3.6按使用條件方式分類：Underconditionsofusemethodstoclassification

專用型挖掘機（常說的礦山型）與通用型挖掘機（建筑型）Specialtypeexcavator(oftensaythattheminetype)andUniversalExcavator(BC-)本文主要講：單斗履帶式液壓挖掘機Thisarticlestresses:SingleBuckettrackedhydraulicexcavator3.7液壓挖掘機的特點—與機械式挖掘機相比Hydraulicexcavatorfeatures-ascomparedwithmechanicaldigger

比重量?。?斗容量與整機機重之比）：重量可減輕一半theweightissmall(eachonefightingcapacityandtheengineaircraftweightratio):reducetheweighttohalf

挖掘力大(thestrengthofexcavating)：1.5:1

生產(chǎn)率高(Productivity)：2.2倍以上機動性和越野性能好Goodmobilityandcrossability

工作平穩(wěn)、安全可靠Workingstable,safeandreliable

結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、美觀大方Compact,attractiveandunaffected

四液壓挖掘機總體結(jié)構(gòu)Overallstructureofhydraulicexcavators

液壓挖掘機的總體結(jié)構(gòu)包括動力裝置、工作裝置、回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、操縱機構(gòu)、傳動系統(tǒng)、行走機構(gòu)和輔助設(shè)備等，如圖1-1所示。

Theoverallstructureofthepowerhydraulicexcavator,workingequipment,rotary,manipulation,transmission,walkingandauxiliaryequipment,asshowninFigure1-1.

常用的全回轉(zhuǎn)式液壓挖掘機的動力裝置、傳動系統(tǒng)的主要部分、回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)、輔助設(shè)備和駕駛室等都安裝在可回轉(zhuǎn)的平臺上，通常稱為上部轉(zhuǎn)臺。因此又可將單斗液壓挖掘機概括成工作裝置、上部轉(zhuǎn)臺和行走機構(gòu)等三部分。Rotaryhydraulicexcavatorsusedinthepowerplant,themaintransmissionsystem,Rotary,andauxiliaryequipmentinstalledinthecontrolroom,sorotatableplatform,commonlyknownastheuppertable.Soitwillbesummarizedintoasinglebucketofhydraulicexcavatorworkingdevice,theturntableandtheupperpartofthethreeagenciesrunning.

圖1-11配重2發(fā)動機罩3油水散熱器總成4發(fā)動機5空濾6蓄電池7座椅8液壓油箱9先導(dǎo)手柄10燃油箱11駕駛室12回轉(zhuǎn)支承13工具箱14中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭15動臂油缸16動臂17斗桿油缸18斗桿19鏟斗油缸20搖桿21連桿22鏟斗23履帶24導(dǎo)向輪25張緊機構(gòu)26支重輪27托輪28行走機構(gòu)29主泵30回轉(zhuǎn)機構(gòu)31回油濾清器32主閥Map1-11weight2enginehood3oil-waterradiators.Machines4EngineAirFilter6Battery7Seat8HydraulicTank9precursorofthehandle10fueltank11Cab12rotarysupporting13toolbox14centralswiveljoints15Boomfueltank16Boom17strugglerodfueltank18bucketrods19bucketfueltank20rocker21connectingrod22Bucket23tracked24guidanceround25Tensioner26supportingwheels27childroundof28runninginstitutions29mainpump30rotarybodies31backtotheoilfilter32mainvalves動力系統(tǒng)DynamicSystem5.1動力系統(tǒng)的基本知識挖掘機動力系統(tǒng)的核心是柴油發(fā)動機。其功用是將供給的燃油燃燒并將熱能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闄C械能，并通過液壓傳動系統(tǒng)使挖掘機行走和工作。柴油機的動力輸出就是液壓泵的動力輸入。動力系統(tǒng)包括發(fā)動機及附件、燃油箱、水箱等。Excavatorbasicknowledgeofdynamicalsystemsisthecoreofdieselenginepowersystem.Itspurposeistosupplythermalenergytomechanicalenergywillfuelcombustion.Excavatorsandmakewalkingandworkingthroughthehydraulicsystem.Enginepoweroutputistheinputpumppower.Annexincludingenginesandpowersystems,fuelcontainers,watertanks,etc.

挖掘機動力裝置由下列系統(tǒng)組成：冷卻系統(tǒng)、進氣系統(tǒng)、排氣系統(tǒng)、燃油系統(tǒng)、潤滑系統(tǒng)、電器系統(tǒng)、減震和傳動系統(tǒng)Excavatorpowerplantconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:coolingsystem,intakesystem,exhaustsystem,fuelsystem,thelubricationsystem,theelectricalsystem,dampingandtransmissionsystem5.2發(fā)動機編號EngineNo.6BTA5.9-C#------SY220C6—6個汽缸；sixcylinderB—發(fā)動機系列seriesofengineT—渦輪增壓器TurbochargerA—后級冷卻（增壓后中冷）Aftercooling(coldTurbocharged5.9—51×51×3.14×120×6排量升51×51×314×120×6displacementC—改進次數(shù)improvedfrequency#—馬力horsepower5.3SY310挖掘機用柴油機介紹SY310excavator’sdiesel

采用康明斯QSB5.9-240型柴油機,其可靠性、動力性、燃油經(jīng)濟性和低排放性等指標(biāo)在國際上都具有領(lǐng)先水平。CumminsEngineQSB5.9-240use,reliability,power,Fueleconomyandlowemissionsandsoisaleadingindicatorofthelevelintheinternationalarena.柴油機主要技術(shù)參數(shù)：Dieselmaintechnicalparameters:型式：六缸直列、水冷、直噴、渦輪增壓、中冷、電控Type:Inlinesix-cylinder,water-cooled,directinjection,turbocharger,cold,electriccontrol氣缸直徑(Cylinderdiameter)(mm)×活塞行程(Pistonstroke)(mm)：102×120額定功率(RatedPower)(kW)/轉(zhuǎn)速(rpm)：182/2000最大扭矩Maximumtorque(Nm)/轉(zhuǎn)速(rpm)：990/1500最低燃油消耗量Minimumfuelconsumption(g/kWh)：≤2105.4動力傳輸路線表powertransmissionline行走動力傳輸路線：柴油機—聯(lián)軸節(jié)—液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）—分配閥—中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭—行走馬達（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）—減速箱—驅(qū)動輪—軌鏈履帶—實現(xiàn)行走Powertransmissionlinerunning:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-centralswiveljoints-runningmotors(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-Gearbox-wheel-trackcrawlerchain-operatetoachieve回轉(zhuǎn)運動傳輸路線：柴油機—聯(lián)軸節(jié)—液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）—分配閥—回轉(zhuǎn)馬達（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）—減速箱—回轉(zhuǎn)支承—實現(xiàn)回轉(zhuǎn)Rotarymovementroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-rotarymotors(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-Reducer-SlewRing-achievingRotary.動臂運動傳輸路線：柴油機—聯(lián)軸節(jié)—液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）—分配閥—動臂油缸（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）—實現(xiàn)動臂運動Boomcampaignroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-Boomtank(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-armmovementstoachieve斗桿運動傳輸路線：柴油機—聯(lián)軸節(jié)—液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）—分配閥—斗桿油缸（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）—實現(xiàn)斗桿運動Stickcampaignroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-Sticktank(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-achievingstrugglebar鏟斗運動傳輸路線：柴油機—聯(lián)軸節(jié)—液壓泵（機械能轉(zhuǎn)化為液壓能）—分配閥—鏟斗油缸（液壓能轉(zhuǎn)化為機械能）—實現(xiàn)鏟斗運動Bucketcampaignroutes:Diesel-coupling-hydraulicpump(mechanicalenergyintohydraulicenergy)-valve-tankBucket(hydraulictransformedintomechanicalenergy)-bucketcampaigntoachieve5.5動力傳輸原理圖Powertransmissiondiagram

六液壓挖掘機的結(jié)構(gòu)Thestructureofhydraulicexcavators

液壓挖掘機的結(jié)構(gòu)件主要有底盤、回轉(zhuǎn)支承、中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭、轉(zhuǎn)臺、工作裝置、配重、覆蓋件、司機室、空調(diào)等。Thestructureisthemajorhydraulicexcavatorchassis,rotorsupport,thecentralswiveljoints,turntable,thedeviceweight,thepanel,cab,air-conditioners,andsoon.6.1底盤

底盤即行走裝置,包括履帶架和行走機構(gòu),主要由履帶架、行走馬達+減速機及其管路、驅(qū)動輪、導(dǎo)向輪、托鏈輪、支重輪、履帶、張緊緩沖裝置組成，見下圖。其功能為支承挖掘機的重量，并把驅(qū)動輪傳遞的動力轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)闋恳?，實現(xiàn)整機的行走。行走馬達+減速機=行走機構(gòu)下車：底盤+回轉(zhuǎn)支承+中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭Chassisisrunningdevices,includingplanesandrunningtrack,trackedbyplanes,andoperatingamotor-reducerpipe.Sprocketsorientationlauncheschildsprocket,supportingwheels,tracks,tensiondevicecomposedofthefigurebelow.Itsfunctionistosupporttheweightofexcavators,andwheeltractiontransferofpowertoachieveapieceoftherunning.Motorrunning+Reducer=runningsystem.Alight:chassis+SlewRing+Centralswiveljoints底盤chassis

支重輪托鏈輪導(dǎo)向輪Supportinground.Askedsprocket.Steeringround.行走馬達驅(qū)動輪張緊緩沖裝置Runningmotors,drivingwheel.Tensiondevice履帶架CrawlerFrame

履帶架（即車架總成）為整體焊接件,采用X形結(jié)構(gòu)，其主要優(yōu)點是具有高的承載能力.車架總成由左縱梁（即左履帶架）、主車架（即中間架）、右縱梁（即右履帶架）三部分焊接而成。TrackedF(chassisassembly)weldingpiecesasawhole,theX-shapedstructure.Itsmainadvantagesarehighbearingcapacity.Frameassemblyfromtheleftbeam(lefttrackedF)MainFrame(intermediateF),rightbeam(righttrackF)threepartstogetherthroughwelding.中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭Centralswiveljoints

中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭是聯(lián)接回轉(zhuǎn)平臺與底盤油路的液壓元件，它保證回轉(zhuǎn)平臺旋轉(zhuǎn)任意角度后，還能正常給行走馬達供油。CentralswiveljointsareconnectedtothecentralCircuithydraulicrotaryplatformandchassiscomponents,whichguaranteesrotaryplatformarbitraryrotationangle,normaloilsupplytothemotorstillrunning.Centralswiveljoints6.2平臺Platform

平臺是上車部分主要承載結(jié)構(gòu)件，分主平臺和左右平臺三部分。見下圖。Platform.Theplatformonthetraincarryingsomeofthemajorpiecesofstructure,principalplatformandplatformaroundthreeparts.Seeillustrationbelow.6.3工作裝置WorkingDevices

工作裝置是液壓挖掘機的主要組成部分，目前SY系列挖掘機配置的是反鏟工作裝置，它主要用于挖掘停機面以下的土壤，但也可以挖掘最大切削高度以下的土壤，反鏟工作裝置由動臂、斗桿、鏟斗、搖桿、連桿及包含動臂油缸、斗桿油缸、鏟斗油缸在內(nèi)的工作裝置液壓管路等主要部分組成。

Workingdevicesisakeycomponentofhydraulicexcavators.SYseriesiscurrentlyconfiguredbackhoeexcavatorworkingdevice,itstandsprimarilyforexcavationbelowthesoilsurface.itisalsothelargestexcavationofsoilbelowthecuttingheight.Workbybackhoearmthatwillbanbucket,rocker,Boomlinkageandincludestanks,fightingbartank,thetankbucketofhydraulicpipeinstallationworkandothermajorcomponents.連桿機構(gòu)Linkage提升負載提升負載提升負載動臂Boom鏟斗Bucket6.4配重Weight6.5駕駛室與空調(diào)駕駛室為流線形鋼結(jié)構(gòu)，前窗擋風(fēng)玻璃可滑動，天窗可開啟，配置雨刮器、清洗器、收放機、空調(diào)、座椅及操縱件、先導(dǎo)開關(guān)4處出風(fēng)口（除霜、吹腳、吹臉左、吹臉右）Cabandair-conditioning.Cabtostreamlinediesteel.Windscreenbeforeslidingwindows,skylightscanbeopened.Wiperallocation,581,RadioandTapePlayer,airconditioning.benchesandmanipulatedocuments,thepilotswitches.fouroutofdrafts(defrosting.Windsfeetoftheleftfaceblowingandblowingfaceright)空調(diào)系統(tǒng)Air-conditioningsystems空調(diào)系統(tǒng)的組成1壓縮機總成2冷凝器總成3貯液干燥器總成4蒸發(fā)器總成5管路系統(tǒng)6電器系統(tǒng)Airconditioningsystem:1compressorassembly.2condenserassembly.Reliabilitythreedrystoragesolution.4HVAC.5pipelinesystem.6electricalsystem七挖掘機的液壓系統(tǒng)ExcavatorsHydraulicSystem７.１液壓系統(tǒng)概述Hydraulicsystem.液壓元件組成：動力元件、控制元件、執(zhí)行元件、輔件動力元件：主泵控制元件：主控制閥組執(zhí)行元件：回轉(zhuǎn)馬達、行走馬達、動臂油缸、斗桿油缸、鏟斗油缸。輔件：油箱、油冷卻器、蓄能器、電磁閥、比例閥、先導(dǎo)濾清器、中央回轉(zhuǎn)接頭、液壓管接件等。Hydrauliccomponents:dynamiccomponentsandcontrolcomponents,theimplementationofcomponents,accessoriesdynamiccomponents:mainpump.Controlcomponents:themaincontrolvalveblock.:rotaryactuatormotorsrunningmotors,BoomtankSticktankbuckettank.Documentation:auxiliaryfueltanks,oilcooler,storagedevices,solenoidvalve,theproportionalvalvepilotfilter,thecentralswiveljoints,hydraulictubingandparts.液壓系統(tǒng)分類：定量系統(tǒng)、變量系統(tǒng)、開式系統(tǒng)、閉式系統(tǒng)、恒功率系統(tǒng)、雙泵雙回路系統(tǒng)、總功率調(diào)節(jié)、分功率調(diào)節(jié)、中位、中位開心、中位閉心、節(jié)流調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)、負流量控制系統(tǒng)、正流量控制系統(tǒng)、負荷傳感控制系統(tǒng)等。HydraulicSystemcategories:quantitativesystem,variablesystem,opensystems,closedsystem,constantpowersystem,twodouble-looppumpsystemtotalpowerconditioning,poweradjustmentminutes,thespaces,spacesunhappythatthemedianclosed-center,cuttingexpenditure-conditioningsystems,trafficcontrolsystemstonegative.isflowcontrolsystems,load-sensingcontrolsystem.

液壓系統(tǒng)是挖掘機的能源轉(zhuǎn)換系統(tǒng)和各職能部件的控制系統(tǒng)，由主油路系統(tǒng)和先導(dǎo)操縱系統(tǒng)組成。發(fā)動機的動力通過液壓系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)化為整機各職能部件運動的驅(qū)動力，并對各職能部件的運動規(guī)律進行有效的控制。Theenergyconversionsystemisahydraulicexcavatorsystemcomponentsandfunctionsofthecontrolsystem.manipulatedbythemainoilsystemandthepilotsystem.Engine'shydraulicsystemthroughvariousfunctionalcomponentsintoapieceofthecampaigndrivingforcealsoallfunctionalcomponentsofthemovementforeffectivecontrol.

主液壓回路：用于主泵向各執(zhí)行元件供油先導(dǎo)液壓回路：主要用于操作控制閥挖掘機的液壓系統(tǒng)通常由一臺發(fā)動機、兩個液壓主泵、一個先導(dǎo)泵、一個整體式控制閥組、四個液壓油缸、一個回轉(zhuǎn)馬達和二個行走馬達組成。Main:hydrauliccircuitcomponentsfortheimplementationofoilsupplytothemainpump.Pilothydrauliccircuit:fortheoperationofthemaincontrolvalve.usuallybyasystemofhydraulicexcavatorsengine,thetwomainhydraulicpump,apilotpumpControlValvesawhole,fourcylindermotorcomponentofarotarymotorandwalkingtwo.主泵通過聯(lián)接盤直接與發(fā)動機輸出軸相聯(lián)。主泵通過控制閥向動作執(zhí)行元件供油；先導(dǎo)泵向三個先導(dǎo)閥供油。先導(dǎo)閥：二個工作先導(dǎo)閥（實現(xiàn)挖掘機的各種動作）和一個行走先導(dǎo)閥（實現(xiàn)挖掘機的行走與轉(zhuǎn)向）。Pumpconnectedtothemaindiskdirectlyassociatedwiththeengineoutputshaft.Throughtheimplementationofactionstothemainpumpcontrolvalvecomponentsdispensing;Leadingtothethreepilotvalvedispensingpump.Pilotvalve:Workingtwopilotvalve(excavatorsachievevariousmoves),andrunningapilotvalve(andtoachievetheoperatingexcavator).挖掘機作業(yè)過程挖掘機一個作業(yè)循環(huán)包括以下動作：１、挖掘——通過對鏟斗、斗桿以及它們的復(fù)合動作，實現(xiàn)鏟斗的破土、裝土。２、滿斗回轉(zhuǎn)——鏟斗裝滿土后，動臂提升、同時進行平臺回轉(zhuǎn)到卸土位置。３、卸土——平臺回轉(zhuǎn)到位后制動，由斗桿調(diào)節(jié)卸土半徑，鏟斗翻轉(zhuǎn)卸土。４、回位——鏟斗卸土，轉(zhuǎn)臺反轉(zhuǎn)，動臂、斗桿配合，回到挖掘位置。Excavatorprocess.Excavatoracircleofthefollowingactions:1,ontap--Bucket.Thecompositerodmovementsandtheirstruggletoachievethemomentumbucket,putthesoil.2,rotary--mandbucketfilledwithsoil,Boomupgrade,theplatformbacktothedumpingplace.3,dumping--rotatingplatformbrakeinplacebythestruggleradiusrodregulatedumping,dumpingbucketoverturned.4spaces--backbucketdumping,thetablehasturnedaround,arm,tierodstruggletoreturnexcavationlocation.

7.2三一挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)介紹Sanyexcavatorhydraulicsystem.

三一挖掘機采用國內(nèi)外普遍使用的雙泵雙回路全功率變量中位開芯系統(tǒng)，通過流量反饋信號控制油泵流量，使流量按需分配到各職能部件，實現(xiàn)不同工況的最佳匹配。三一挖掘機液壓系統(tǒng)主要有日本川崎公司提供。川崎公司的液壓系統(tǒng)采用負流量控制，動臂、斗桿的負載保持閥和再生閥集成在主閥內(nèi)，動臂、斗桿在主閥內(nèi)實現(xiàn)合流。Sanyexcavatorusesabroadcommonly,double-pumploop-powervariableopenedcoresystemfeedbacksignaltocontroltheflowofoilflow,theflowoffunctionsDAMApartsdifferentconditionstoachievethebestmatch.March1excavatorhydraulicsystemmainlyfortheJapanesecompanyKawasaki.Kawasakicompaniesinthehydraulicsystemusedtocontrolflownegative,Boom,fightingtomaintainleverageloadrenewablevalveintegratedinthemainvalveandvalve,Boom.themainvalveleverinthestruggletoachieveconvergence.挖掘機的電氣控制系統(tǒng)ExcavatorsElectricalControlSystem8.1電氣控制系統(tǒng)概述ElectricalControlSystem8.1.1電氣控制系統(tǒng)的功能electricalcontrolsystem’sfunctions挖掘機的電氣控制系統(tǒng)主要實現(xiàn)以下功能：電子監(jiān)控、自動報警及故障自診斷節(jié)能降耗、提高生產(chǎn)率實現(xiàn)柴油機的控制，如電子調(diào)速器、電子油門控制裝置、自動怠速停機裝置、自動升溫控制裝置實現(xiàn)作業(yè)過程的自動化或半自動化Excavatorsmainelectricalcontrolsystemtoachievethefollowingfunctions:electronicmonitoring,automaticalarmandfaultdiagnosis.savingenergy,increasingproductivity.Dieselcontroliftheelectronicspeedgovernor,electronicthrottlecontroldevice,thedeviceautomaticallyIdlestands,automatictemperaturecontroldevicetoachievetheautomaticorsemi-automaticoperationprocess８.1.2電氣控制系統(tǒng)的使用條件ElectricalControlSystemconditionsofuse.電氣控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)滿足以下使用條件：能在－４０℃～８０℃的環(huán)境溫度下可靠、穩(wěn)定的工作抗老化、具有較長的使用壽命密封性能好，能防止水分和污物的侵入有較好的耐沖擊和抗振性能有較強的抗干擾能力，系統(tǒng)能在各種干擾下可靠地工作Useelectricalcontrolsystemshouldmeetthefollowingconditions:intheambienttemperaturerangeof-40°Cto80°Candreliable,stablejobs.aging.havealongerlifeexpectancy.Seal,canpreventtheintrusionofwateranddirt.abetterimpactresistanceandanti-vibrationproperties.astronganti-jammingcapability.thesystemcanworkreliablyunderallsortsofinterference.8.1.3

電氣控制系統(tǒng)的組成Theelectricalcontrolsystemcomponents.挖掘機的電氣控制系統(tǒng)基本上有以下二部分組成:車輛電氣設(shè)備電源：包括蓄電池、發(fā)電機及其調(diào)節(jié)器。起動機：用于起動發(fā)動機。照明及信號設(shè)備：包括各種照明和信號燈以及電喇叭、蜂鳴器等。儀表：包括燃油表、機油壓力表、水溫表、發(fā)動機轉(zhuǎn)速表。電子控制裝置Excavatorselectricalcontrolsystem,whichisbasicallycomposedofthefollowingtwoparts:Batterypower:electricalequipment,includingvehicles,generatorsandregulators.Starter:starterfortheengine.Lightingandsignallightsandlightingandequipmentincluding:electricspeakers,suchasbuzzers.Instrument:Tableincludesfuel,oilpressuregauge,thewatertemperaturescaleenginetachometer.Electroniccontroldevice８.2三一挖掘機的電子控制系統(tǒng)Sanyexcavatorelectroniccontrolsystem.8.2.1電氣控制系統(tǒng)組成：ElectricalControlSystemcomponentsinclude:包括基本電氣系統(tǒng)、功能控制系統(tǒng)、儀表監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)。Basicelectricalsystem.functionalcontrolsystems,instrumentcontrolsystem.8.2.2系統(tǒng)功能說明：基本電氣系統(tǒng)包括柴油機啟?？刂葡到y(tǒng)、自動暖機控制、電源系統(tǒng)、燈光控制系統(tǒng)、音響與空調(diào)系統(tǒng)等。功能控制系統(tǒng)包括車輛工況控制、功率控制系統(tǒng)。8.2.2systemfunctionsinclude:basicelectricalDieselCOMMITMENTcontrolsystem,automaticcontrolwarming.Powersystems,lightingcontrolsystem,soundsystemandair-conditioningsystems.Conditioncontrolfunctionsincludingvehiclecontrolsystems,powercontrolsystem.工況控制主要實現(xiàn)先導(dǎo)油路控制、系統(tǒng)增壓控制、行走雙速控制等功能。系統(tǒng)增壓控制可在需要時提供較高的系統(tǒng)壓力，用來克服較大負載。行走雙速控制可實現(xiàn)機器的高低速行走控制。功率控制系統(tǒng)實現(xiàn)柴油機與液壓泵的功率匹配控制，工作模式控制、自動怠速控制功能。功率匹配控制可根據(jù)柴油機轉(zhuǎn)速的變化控制液壓泵的流量輸出，從而保持柴油機轉(zhuǎn)速的穩(wěn)定。ControlCircuitmainconditionpilotcontrol,pressurecontrolsystem,runningontwo-speedcontrolandotherfunctions.Pressurecontrolsystemcanprovidethenecessaryhighpressuresystemusedtoovercomethebiggerload.Runningonthehigh-speedmachinecontrolcanachievelowoperatingcontrol.Dieselpowercontrolsystemandthepowermatchinghydraulicpumpcontrolmodecontrol,automaticidlespeedcontrolfunction.Powermatchingenginespeedcontrolcanchangetheflowcontrolhydraulicpumpoutputsoastomaintainthestabilityoftheenginespeed.工作模式控制可實現(xiàn)三種工作模式的設(shè)定：重載作業(yè)模式，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作業(yè)模式，普通作業(yè)模式。自動怠速控制可在機器停止作業(yè)8秒（可設(shè)定）后，自動進入設(shè)定較低轉(zhuǎn)速，從而降低能耗和機器噪聲。Modecontrolcanbeachieved:thecreationofthreeworkingmodelsHeavyoperations,thestandardmodeofoperation,thegeneralmodeofoperation.Automaticidlespeedcontrolmachinesstopoperationsineightseconds(beset),automaticallysettingalowerspeed.therebyreducingenergyconsumptionandnoisemachines.儀表監(jiān)控制系統(tǒng)包括車輛狀態(tài)的顯示與設(shè)定控制，工況監(jiān)測控制。主要實現(xiàn)柴油機狀態(tài)監(jiān)測（轉(zhuǎn)速、燃油油位、冷卻水溫度、機油壓力等），電氣系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測（蓄電池電壓、傳感器故障、控制器故障等）、液壓系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測（液壓油溫度、液壓油濾清器）、工況狀態(tài)設(shè)定及顯示、怠速狀態(tài)顯示，同時具有報警事件記錄與信息提示功能。Instrumentsmonitoringsystemstoshowthestateofvehiclesandsettingcontrol,conditionmonitoringandcontrol.Maindieselengineconditionmonitoring(speed,fueloilspaces,coolingwatertemperature,oilpressure,etc.)Electricalmonitoringsystem(batteryvoltagesensorfailure,controllerfailure,etc.),monitoringthehydraulicsystem(hydraulicoiltemperature.hydraulicoilfilter),andsetstateconditions,idlingstate,thesametimeitissuggestedthatthepolicerecordedandtheinformationfunction.九、挖掘機主要性能參數(shù)及說明Excavatorkeyperformanceparametersandshows

SY200C挖掘機主要技術(shù)經(jīng)濟性能指標(biāo)與其它同類產(chǎn)品的比較Excavatormajortechnicalandeconomicperformancecomparedwithothersimilarproducts制造廠及型號Factoriesandmodels三一SY200Csany小松PC200-7Komatsu卡特CAT320Ccat日立ZX200Hitachi現(xiàn)代R205-7Hyundai柳工CLG920CLiugong斗容量Fightingcapacity(m3)0.80.80.80.80.870.8工作質(zhì)量Quality(t)19.619.319.719.420.320.5額定功率RatedPower(kw／rpm)102／2000107／1,950103／1,800103／1,900110/1950108/2100最大挖掘半徑(Radiusofthelargestminingmm)98859875993099109820最大挖掘深度Maximumdepthofexcavation(mm)66306620664O667O68006635最大卸載高度Unloadingofthegreatesthigh(mm)64857110658067806750最大挖掘力Mininggreateststrength(kN)137／1OO138／101140／101143／103107.9133/95作業(yè)循環(huán)時間Operatingcycletime（s）141312141515平均無故障時間Theaveragetimetofailure(h）700800850800600600控制方式Control計算機控制ComputerControl計算機控制ComputerControl計算機控制ComputerControl計算機控制ComputerControl液控+電控ComputerControl液控+電控ComputerControl市場售價Marketprice（萬元）7282868160606工作條件Workingconditions6.1液壓挖掘機正常工作環(huán)境溫度為-20℃～55℃。Hydraulicexcavatorsnormalworkingtemperature:-20°C~55°C6.2液壓挖掘機應(yīng)能在Ⅲ級土壤中正常作業(yè)，對凍土層和巖石，需松裂和爆破后方可施工，且須使用巖石型鏟斗進行作業(yè)；巖石型鏟斗斗齒須滿足JG/T90-1999的要求.Ⅲsoilhydraulicexcavatorshouldbeabletoworknormally,andtherocklayerofpermafrost,andtheneedtosplitthesongblastingbeforeconstruction.Rockrequirestheuseofbucketforoperations;RockBucketToothJG/T90-1999mustmeettherequirements三挖掘機的分類Excavatorsclassification6.3工作裝置WorkingDevices

工作裝置是液壓挖掘機的主要組成部分，目前SY系列挖掘機配置的是反鏟工作裝置，它主要用于挖掘停機面以下的土壤，但也可以挖掘最大切削高度以下的土壤，反鏟工作裝置由動臂、斗桿、鏟斗、搖桿、連桿及包