2025屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)強(qiáng)化專練考點(diǎn)03閱讀理解說明文含解析

考點(diǎn)03閱讀理解說明文Passage1（2024·南昌縣蓮塘第一中學(xué)高三月考）Justwhenwethoughtwehadseenallthemagicalthingsthat3Dprintingcando,herecomesanother—aworkingartificialleghastransformedthelifeofalittleCanadianduckling(小鴨)calledDudley,whohadbeenstrugglingtogetbyafterlosingaleg.ThestorybeganonAugust19th,2013,whenthenewly-bornhealthyDudleyandhisbrotherwereplacedinsideachickencoop(籠子)attheK9-1-1AnimalandRescueServicesinSicamous,BritishColumbia.Withinafewhours,anaggressivechickenattackedthetwo,killingDudley'sbrotherandleavinghimwithadisability!WhileDudleycouldswimwithhissingleleg,hehadahardtimewalkingonthefirmground.Determinedtohelphim,DougNelson,theowneroftheshelterdecidedtoconsultTerenceLoring,thefounderofadesignfirmthatamongotherthingsalsooffers3Dprintingdesigns.Giventhathehadjustlaunched3pillardesigns,Terencesomewhathesitatedtotakeonaducklingashisfirstclient(客戶).ButassoonashesawbravelittleDudleywalkingaroundononeleg,Terenceknewhehadtodosomething.Usinghisbiomedicalengineeringtraining,Terencespentthenextfewweekscreatinga3Dtemplate(模板),afterhefoundouthowducks'legsworkinYouTubevideosaboutducks.Onceready,hesentthemtoOntario-based3DengineeringfirmProto3000,whoagreedtoprinttheleg.Thesecondartificiallegwasmuchstrongerthanthefirstone.WhentheartificiallegthatisprintedfromstrongABS,athermoplastic(熱塑性塑料)thatbecomessoftandmoldablewhenheatedandattachedtoafootdesignedfromsoftandflexiblerobber-likeplastic,wasfittedtoDudley,hiswholemannerchanged.Hewaggedhistailandshoweditofftohisbestfriend一apigcalledElsie.Ofcourse,asDudleyhasbeengrowing,thelegandfoothavehadtobereplaced.Butthathasn'tbotheredTerencewhocontinuestoimprovethedesign.ThebestpartisthatTerencehasputallthedesignsonhiswebsitesothatanyonewishingtohelpoutananimalsufferingfromasimilarinjurycandoso,bysimplyhittingtheprintbuttononhis/her3Dprinter!1．HowdidDudleylosehisleg?A．Hewasn'twelllookedafter.B．Helostitinatrafficaccident.C．Helostitinachickenattack.D．Hewasbornwithadisability.2．WhatdoweknowaboutTerenceLoring'sdesignfirm?A．Itisthefirstonetooffer3Dprintingdesigns.B．3Dprintingdesignsareonlypartofitsservices.C．Itsmainclientsareinjuredanimals.D．ItoftencooperateswithProto3000.3．WhatdidTerencefirstdotomakeanartificiallegforDudley?A．ConsultingDudley'sowneraboutthesolution.B．Creatinga3DtemplatewiththehelpofProto3000.C．Beingtrainedinbiomedicalengineering.D．WatchingYouTubevideosaboutducks.4．ToTerence'sgreatsatisfaction,________.A．DudleyhasgotapermanentartificiallegB．a(chǎn)possiblesolutionhasbeenfoundtohelpsufferinganimalsC．hesucceededinhisfirstattempttomakeDudleyanartificiallegD．hisdesignhasbecomewidelyknownonline【答案】1．C2．B3．D4．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹Terence利用3D打印技術(shù)勝利地為一只小鴨子做了一條假肢，讓那些關(guān)切動物的人看到了治療受傷動物的一種可行方法。1．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段“Withinafewhours,anaggressivechickenattackedthetwo,killingDudley'sbrotherandleavinghimwithadisability!(幾個(gè)小時(shí)后，一只有攻擊性的雞攻擊了他們倆，殺死了Dudley的哥哥，并使它成為殘疾!)”可知，Dudley和雞關(guān)在一起，受到了雞的攻擊而失去了一條腿，故選C。2．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“Determinedtohelphim,DougNelson,theowneroftheshelterdecidedtoconsultTerenceLoring,thefounderofadesignfirmthatamongotherthingsalsooffers3Dprintingdesigns.(為了幫助他，該收容所的主子DougNelson確定詢問TerenceLoring，后者是一家設(shè)計(jì)公司的創(chuàng)始人，該公司也供應(yīng)3D打印設(shè)計(jì)。)”可知，Terence的公司除了3D打印設(shè)計(jì)，還供應(yīng)其他服務(wù)。故選B。3．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Usinghisbiomedicalengineeringtraining,Terencespentthenextfewweekscreatinga3Dtemplate(模板),afterhefoundouthowducks'legsworkinYouTubevideosaboutducks.(Terence利用他的生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程訓(xùn)練，在YouTube上關(guān)于鴨子的視頻中發(fā)覺鴨子的腿是如何工作的之后，他花了幾周時(shí)間創(chuàng)建了一個(gè)3D模板。)”可知，Terence先從YouTube視頻上看鴨子腿的運(yùn)動原理，然后再利用自己生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程方面的學(xué)問制作出了一個(gè)3D模板，故選D。4．推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“ThebestpartisthatTerencehasputallthedesignsonhiswebsitesothatanyonewishingtohelpoutananimalsufferingfromasimilarinjurycandoso,bysimplyhittingtheprintbuttononhis/her3Dprinter!(最棒的是，Terence把全部的設(shè)計(jì)都放在了他的網(wǎng)站上，這樣任何想要幫助遭遇類似損害的動物的人都可以這樣做，只需點(diǎn)擊他/她的3D打印機(jī)上的打印按鈕!)”可推斷，讓Terence最興奮的是，他的這一做法讓那些關(guān)切動物的人看到了治療受傷動物的一種可行方法。故選B。Passage2（2024·河北高三月考）BritainisthesixthfattestcountrywithintheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).Formorethanadecade,severalConservativeprimeministershavedeclaredobesityanationalemergencyandpromisedtotakethoroughaction,onlytoproducedisappointingplansthatfallfarshyofwhatisrequired.ItshouldnothavetakenadiseaselikeCovid-19toramhometheawfulconsequencesoftheUK'sobesity.Obesity,aswellasitsassociatedconditionsofdiabetesandhighbloodpressure,isstronglyassociatedwithahigherriskofdeathfromCovid-19andwillhaveundoubtedlybeenafactorintheUKhavingthehighestCoviddeathrateinEurope.AsthePrimeMinister,BorisJohnson'sexperienceofcatchingthevirusandbeingadmittedtoICUhasreportedlyresultedinacompletechangeinhim,whohaspreviouslypridedhimselfonhisdisliketoanover-controllingstate.Thegovernmentisexpectedtosetoutanewstrategythisweek,aimedatreducingobesitylevelsbothinthenextfewmonths—aheadofapossiblesecondwaveofinfections—andthelongerterm.Thisapparentchangeiswelcome,butonlyifitresultsinacompletechangeinthegovernment'sapproach,whichdoesn'trelyonpersonalresponsibilitybutonmuchtougherregulation,aswithtobaccoandalcohol.Thereisabundantevidenceaboutwhatisneededtocutobesityandinrecentyearsreportafterreport,includingfromPublicHealthEnglandandtheformerchiefmedicalofficer,havecalledforurgentaction.YetthesecallswereignoredbyConservativeministerswhohaveseeminglyputthefoodanddrinkindustry'sfinancialinterestsoverthehealthofthenation.5．WhathaveConservativeprimeministersdonewithobesityinthepasttenyears?A．Theyhavedenieditisanationalemergency. B．Theyhavecalledforimmediateactiononit.C．Theyhavetakenthoroughstepstocontrolit. D．Theyhavemadeunsatisfyingplanstoreduceit.6．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"ramhome"inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Makepeoplerathertiredof. B．Makepeoplefullyawareof.C．Makepeoplehighlyskepticalof. D．Makepeopledeeplyashamedof.7．WhatwilltheBritishgovernmentprobablydonext?A．Itwillprobablyissueanewstrategytocutobesity.B．Itwillprobablylaylessstressonfinancialinterests.C．Itwillprobablysetstricterlimitsontobaccoandalcohol.D．ItwillprobablytakeactiontoreduceCovid-19deathrate.8．What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A．Obesity,anUrgentIssueintheUK B．UK,aCountrySufferingfromCovid-19C．UK,aCountryReadyforaCompleteChange D．Obesity,aCauseofHighestCovidDeathRate【答案】5．D6．B7．A8．A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明白英國如今的肥胖問題已經(jīng)成為了英國急需處理的問題，文章介紹了英國政府對這一問題所實(shí)行的一些措施和取得的成效。5．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“Formorethanadecade,severalConservativeprimeministershavedeclaredobesityanationalemergencyandpromisedtotakethoroughaction,onlytoproducedisappointingplansthatfallfarshyofwhatisrequired.(十多年來，幾位保守黨首相已宣布肥胖問題為國家緊急狀況，并承諾實(shí)行徹底行動，結(jié)果卻出臺了令人悲觀的安排，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)達(dá)不到所需的目標(biāo))”可知，在過去十年里，保守黨首相們制定了不令人滿足的安排來削減肥胖問題。故選D。6．詞義揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞后文“Obesity,aswellasitsassociatedconditionsofdiabetesandhighbloodpressure,isstronglyassociatedwithahigherriskofdeathfromCovid-19andwillhaveundoubtedlybeenafactorintheUKhavingthehighestCoviddeathrateinEurope.(肥胖以及與之相關(guān)的糖尿病和高血壓與Covid-19死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高親密相關(guān)，而且毫無疑問將在英國成為歐洲Covid-19死亡率最高的一個(gè)因素)”以及“theawfulconsequencesoftheUK'sobesity”可知，作者認(rèn)為不應(yīng)當(dāng)用Covid-19這樣的疾病來讓人們充分意識到肥胖的可怕后果，故畫線詞意思為“使人們充分意識到”。故選B。7．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中“Thegovernmentisexpectedtosetoutanewstrategythisweek,aimedatreducingobesitylevelsbothinthenextfewmonths—aheadofapossiblesecondwaveofinfections—andthelongerterm.(政府預(yù)料將于本周制定一項(xiàng)新戰(zhàn)略，旨在在將來幾個(gè)月——可能出現(xiàn)其次波感染之前以及更長期內(nèi)降低肥胖水平)”可推知，英國政府下一步可能會發(fā)布一項(xiàng)削減肥胖的新政策。故選A。8．主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中“BritainisthesixthfattestcountrywithintheOrganizationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment(OECD).(在經(jīng)濟(jì)合作與發(fā)展組織中，英國是第六大肥胖國家)”結(jié)合文章主要說明白英國如今的肥胖問題已經(jīng)成為了英國急需處理的問題，文章介紹了英國政府對這一問題所實(shí)行的一些措施和取得的成效?？芍珹選項(xiàng)“肥胖——英國的一個(gè)緊迫問題”最符合文章標(biāo)題，故選A。Passage3（2024·上海市大同中學(xué)高三期中）AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracy.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2024presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives---especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias(偏向).“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople’srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimately(親密地)andimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteracting(抵制)thisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills---andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.9．AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson________.A．thejustificationofthenews-filteringpracticeB．peoplespreferenceforsocialmediaplatformsC．theadministration’sabilitytohandleinformationD．thereliabilityofsocialmediaasasourceofnews10．AccordingtotheKnightFoundationsurvey,youngpeople________.A．preferbiasedperspectivesonnewsB．tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspaceC．checkoutnewsbyreferringtodiverseresourcesD．liketoexchangeviewsthrough“distributedtrust”11．TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis________.A．readers’lackofknowledge B．journalists’mistakenreportingC．readers’misinterpretation D．journalists’made-upstories12．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A．ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB．ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC．TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMediaD．ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalValuesandInterests【答案】9．D10．C11．C12．A【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了美國人對社交媒體新聞的牢靠性的懷疑以及他們在在線共享新聞的關(guān)鍵技能方面的提高?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump’suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,notapresident’ssocialmediaplatform.”（哈佛高校的一項(xiàng)新調(diào)查發(fā)覺，超過三分之二的美國年輕人不贊成特朗普總統(tǒng)運(yùn)用推特。這意味著，千禧一代更喜愛通過其他來源過濾白宮的新聞，而不是通過總統(tǒng)的社交媒體平臺。）和其次段最終一句“AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.”（BuzzFeedNews進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)覺，44%的Facebook用戶很少或從不信任這家媒體巨頭的新聞。）可知，很多美國年輕人懷疑社交媒體作為新聞來源的牢靠性。故選D。2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段第三句“Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives---especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias(偏向).”（他們會反復(fù)核對消息來源，更喜愛從不同角度來看的新聞——尤其是那些對任何偏見都公開的新聞。）可知，依據(jù)KnightFoundation的調(diào)查，年輕人通過參考不同的資源來核對新聞。故選C。3.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段第三句AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.（巴納探討集團(tuán)(Barnaresearchgroup)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查發(fā)覺，美國人給出的假新聞現(xiàn)象的首要緣由是“讀者錯(cuò)誤”，而不是報(bào)道中的編造故事或事實(shí)錯(cuò)誤。）可知，虛假新聞問題的首要緣由是讀者的錯(cuò)誤會讀。故選C。4.主旨大意題。依據(jù)最終一段“Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills---andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.”（因此，當(dāng)年輕人對過度發(fā)推文的總統(tǒng)提出指責(zé)時(shí)，他們揭示了一種思維技巧方面的心理規(guī)律——以及他們對何時(shí)在社交媒體上共享的選擇。）可知，本文主要是講在線共享新聞的關(guān)鍵技能的提高，A選項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題。故選A。Passage4（2024·上海市大同中學(xué)高三期中）Climatechangeiscausedbytheextremelyhighlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheatmosphere,particularlycarbondioxide(CO2).Itisestimatedthataverageglobaltemperatureswillrisebetweentwoandsixdegreesbytheendofthiscentury.Weallknowtheeffectscouldbedisastrous,butareweawareofthepossiblesolutions?Solutionone:_______?_______Crazyasitsounds,agroupofacademicsfromBritishuniversitiesismakingaplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupbyahugeballoon,thatwouldletenormousquantitiesofpoisonouschemicals,suchassulphurdioxide(SO2),gointotheatmosphere.Surprisingly,thereisgoodsciencebehindtheidea.Thechemicalswouldformaprotectivelayeraroundtheearththatwouldreflectsunlightandsocooltheearth,muchliketheeffectsofavolcaniceruption.Cost:around$10billionayear.Benefits:thisplanwouldproducealmostinstantresults.Risks:volcanoeshavealmostwipedouthumanityinthepastthroughthepoisonouschemicalsreleasedintheatmosphere,andthesamethingcouldhappenagainwiththisplan.Solutiontwo:stiruptheoceansIntellectualVentures,acompanythatinvestsinprojectstocombatglobalwarming,hasproposedbuildingamillionplastictubes,eachabout100metreslong,andusingthemtostiruptheocean.Why,youmightbewondering,wouldwewanttodothis?Again,theanswerisscientificallyvalid.Thebottomoftheoceanisalmostfreezingandbystirringitup,coldwaterwouldcometothesurfaceandabsorbheatandCO2,andsocooltheplanet.Cost:tensofmillionsofdollars.Benefits:thisplanisrelativelycheapandtechnicallypossiblenow.Risks:thetubeswoulddisruptandpossiblydestroysealife,andtheplanmaynotwork.Solutionthree:stopburningfossilfuelsThisisundoubtedlythebestsolutionbutisitreallyliketohappeninthenearfuture?Cost:unknown,butintheshorttermitwouldprobablyinvolveglobaleconomiccollapse.Benefits:it’sasimpleandeffectiveplan.Risks:itmayalreadybetoolate.Withoutrealaction,thisplancouldjustmean“donothing”.13．Solutiononeismostlikelytobe________.A．pumpevenmorechemicalsintotheatmosphereB．formaprotectivelayerwithvolcaniceruptionsC．buildapipetogetridofpoisonouschemicalsD．drawasmuchsunlightaspossible14．Whatcanbelearnedaboutsolutiontwo?A．Itneedsmorevalidscientificexperiment.B．Itaimstocoolthewarmsurfacewaterintheocean.C．Itmaydoharmtoanimalsandplantslivinginthesea.D．Itismuchmoreexpensivetocarryoutthansolutionone.15．Whatdoesthewriterthinkofsolutionthree?A．Itiseffectivebecauseitwillbenefitworldeconomy.B．Whetheritwillcometrueremainstobeseen.C．Puttingitintopracticemaycostnothing.D．Actionhasbeentakentocarryitout.【答案】13．A14．C15．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。針對氣候改變這一危機(jī)，文章列出了三個(gè)措施并加以說明?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Solutionone部分第一句“Crazyasitsounds,agroupofacademicsfromBritishuniversitiesismakingaplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupbyahugeballoon,thatwouldletenormousquantitiesofpoisonouschemicals,suchassulphurdioxide(SO2),gointotheatmosphere.”（盡管這聽起來很瘋狂，一群來自英國高校的學(xué)者正在安排建立一條12英里長的管道，由一個(gè)巨大的氣球支撐，這將使大量的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)，如二氧化硫進(jìn)入大氣。）可知，措施一很有可能將更多的化學(xué)物質(zhì)排入大氣。故選A。2.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Solutiontwo部分Risks中的“thetubeswoulddisruptandpossiblydestroysealife,andtheplanmaynotwork.”（這些管道將擾亂甚至可能摧毀海洋生物，而這一安排可能行不通。）可知，措施二可能會對海洋中的動物和植物造成危害。故選C。3.推理推斷題。依據(jù)Solutionthree部分第一句“Thisisundoubtedlythebestsolutionbutisitreallyliketohappeninthenearfuture?”（這無疑是最好的解決方法，但在不久的將來真的會發(fā)生嗎?）可知，作者認(rèn)為措施三是否會成為現(xiàn)實(shí)尚未可知。故選B。Passage5（2024·江蘇南京市·南京一中高三月考）Less,AMinimalistLivingGuide:HowtoDeclutter,Organize,andSimplifyYourLife.Thankstoatravel-inspiredrevelation(啟發(fā)),Jayhasbeenhappilylivingasimplerlifefor12years."Ialwayspackedaslightlyaspossible,andfounditexcitingtogetbywithjustasmallcarry-onbag,"shetoldCNN."Ithoughtifitfeelsthisgreattotravellightly,howamazingwoulditbetolivethisway?Iwantedtohavethatsamefeelingoffreedominmyeverydaylife."Jaydecidedtogetridofallherexcess(額外的)possessionsandlivewithjusttheessentials(必需品)."Iwantedtospendmytimeandenergyonexperiences,ratherthanthings."Jayisafollowerofamovementcalled"minimalism(極簡主義)".Growingnumbersofpeoplehavebeenattractedtothislifestyleallovertheworld.Theysharethesamefeelingofdisappointmentwithmodemlifeandadesiretolivemoresimply.Minimalistsaretypicallyprogressiveandconcernedabouttheenvironment,LeahWatkins,aleadresearcheratOtagoUniversityinNewZealand,toldStuffmagazineinMarch.Butmanysimplyexperiencedunhappinesscausedbyowningtoomanypossessions.Depressionwiththematerialismofourworldisn'tnew.EnglishromanticpoetWilliamWordsworthsummeduphowdispiriting(令人消沉的)thiswasbackin1802,atthebeginningoftheindustrialage,whenhewrote:"Gettingandspending,welaywasteourpowers".Hispreferencewastogobacktonature.Closertoourowntimes,thehippies(嬉皮士)ofthe1960salsosoughtto“dropout”ofmodernlife.Andformanyminimalists,theirkeyistounload.Withoutobjects,they"believepeopleareforcedmoreandmoreintothepresentmomentandthat'swherelifehappens,"wroteStuff.Butdoessimplicityeverfeellikeasacrifice(犧牲)?"It'seliminatingtheexcess-unuseditems,unnecessarypurchases-fromyourlife.Well,Imayhavefewerpossessions,butIhavemorespace…Minimalismismakingroomforwhatmattersmost,"saidJay.And"therealquestions",accordingtoDuaneElgin,USsocialscientist,are"whatdoyoucareabout?"and"Whatdoyouvalue?"HetoldCNN:"It'simportantforpeopletorealizeminimalismisn'tsimplytheamountofstuffweconsume.It'saboutourfamilies,ourwork.ourconnectionwiththelargerworld,ourspiritualdimension.It'sabouthowwetouchthewholeworld.It'sawayoflife."16．WhatinspiredFrancineJaytoliveasimplelife?A．Abookshecameacross.B．Herdesiretokeepupwithmodemlife.C．Thepleasuresheenjoyedfromtravelinglightly.D．Afollowerofminimalismshemetonatrip.17．AccordingtoLeahWatkins,atypicalminimalisttendsto___.a.befedupwithmaterialismb.likesavingandvisitingnatureoftenc.beangryabouthisorhercurrentlifed.beenvironmentallyfriendlyandlivewithfewerthingsA．a(chǎn),b B．a(chǎn),d C．a(chǎn),b,c D．b,c,d18．Theunderlinedword"eliminating"inParagraph8probablymeans___.A．removing B．distinguishing C．a(chǎn)ccepting D．improving19．WhichofthefollowingwouldDuaneElginprobablyagreewith?A．Minimalismisahealthylifestylethatisinconflictwithmodemlife.B．Minimalismlimitspeople'sfreedomtoenjoytheirlivestothefullest.C．Minimalismenablespeopletoreflectonwhattrulycountsintheirlives.D．Minimalismmeanspeoplehavetosacrificesomepleasuretolivesimply.【答案】16．C17．B18．A19．C【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章探討了極簡主義思潮，全世界越來越多的人被極簡主義的生活方式所吸引。極簡主義認(rèn)為，回來自然，減去生活中不必要的東西，有助于人們變得更歡樂。16．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“Thankstoatravel-inspiredrevelation，Jayhasbeenhappilylivingasimplerlifefor12years.”(多虧了一個(gè)旅游啟示錄，Jay12年來始終歡樂地過著簡潔的生活。)及下文“Ialwayspackedaslightlyaspossible,andfounditdelightingtogetbywithjustasmallcarryonbag.Ithoughtifitfeelsthisgreattotravellightly,howamazingwoulditbetolivethisway?Iwantedtohavethatsamefeelingoffreedominmyeverydaylife.”(我總是盡量輕裝上陣，只帶一個(gè)小提包就過得很開心。我想假如輕裝上陣感覺這么好，這樣生活會有多奇異？我想在我的日常生活中有同樣的自由感。)可知輕松地享受旅行的樂趣激發(fā)了Jay過著簡樸的生活。故選C項(xiàng)。17．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Theysharethesamefeelingofdisappointmentwithmodemlifeandadesiretolivemoresimply.”（他們對現(xiàn)代生活有著同樣的悲觀，渴望過更簡潔的生活。）及“Minimalistsaretypicallyprogressiveandconcernedabouttheenvironment,LeahWatkins,aleadresearcheratOtagoUniversityinNewZealand,toldStuffmagazineinMarch.”(OtagoUniversity的首席探討員LeahWatkins今年3月在接受Stuffmagazine的采訪時(shí)表示，極簡主義者通常是進(jìn)步的，并且他們關(guān)切環(huán)境。)可知典型的極簡主義者們對現(xiàn)代生活是悲觀的，他們的行為對環(huán)境友好，并且他們生活時(shí)用的東西較少。故選B項(xiàng)。18．詞句揣測題。依據(jù)下文中“Imayhavefewerpossessions,butIhavemorespace…Minimalismismakingroomforwhatmattersmost,"saidJay.”（杰伊說：“我可能擁有的東西少了，但我有更多的空間...簡約主義為最重要的東西騰出了空間。”）可以推知，為了有更多的空間，簡約主義的人會把不必要的東西去掉。所以劃線的詞的意思為“祛除，移走”，選項(xiàng)A符合文意。故選A項(xiàng)。19．推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“And“therealquestions”,accordingtoDuaneElgin,USsocialscientist,are“whatdoyoucareabout?”and“Whatdoyouvalue?”(美國社會科學(xué)家DuaneElgin認(rèn)為，“真正的問題”是“你關(guān)切什么？”和“你看重什么？”)及最終一段中的“It’simportantforpeopletorealizeminimalismisn’tsimplytheamountofstuffweconsume.It’saboutourfamilies,ourwork,ourconnectionwiththelargerworld,ourspiritualdimension.”(人們必需相識到極簡主義不僅僅是我們消費(fèi)的東西的數(shù)量。它關(guān)乎我們的家庭，我們的工作，我們與更廣袤世界的聯(lián)系，我們的精神層面。)可以推理得知DuaneElgin認(rèn)為極簡主義使人們能夠反思他們生活中真正重要的東西。故選C項(xiàng)。Passage6（2024·江蘇南京市·南京一中高三月考）WhenIwas16yearsoldandinfostercare（非親代養(yǎng)）inTennessee，peopletoldmeIwasunadoptable．ButIdesperatelywantedafamily．Isoughtthehelpofajudge，eventhecommissioneroftheDepartmentofChildren'sServicesandwasadoptedjustaweekbeforemy18thbirthday．Wehavealottobegratefulforandthisholidayseason.Let'snotforgetaboutthemorethan415000youthinfostercareespeciallyolderyouth．Theseyoutharethemostlikelytogetoverlookedforadoptionbuttheyshouldn'tbe．Theyneedanddeserveafamilyjustasmuchasyoungchildrendo．Makinganolderyouthapartofyourfamilycanbringjustasmuchajoyasadoptingababyorayoungerchild-withoutallthediapersandpottytraining．Myadoptionwaslifechangingandprobablythebestthingthateverhappenedtome．Istillrememberthefirstgiftmyparentsgavetome．ItwasaMickeyMousekeychainwithakeytotheirhome．TheytoldmethatnomatterwhathappenedtheywouldalwayslovemeandI'dalwayshaveaplacetocomehometo．Thisisour17thThanksgivingtogether…MyfirstThanksgivingwithmyfamilywasalittleoverwhelmingwithlotsofextendedfamilyincludinggrandparents，aunts，uncles，andcousins．However，it'swhenIrealizedthatIwouldneverhavetospendanotherholidayaloneandthatwastrulyanamazingfeeling．Iwasalwayseagertospendtimewithmylittlesister，Beth．ShewassixwhenIjoinedthefamily．Mydadalwayssaysheknewwewerereallysisters，andIwasnolongeraguestinthehousewhenBethandIhadourfirstfight．Today，she'soneofmybestfriends，andI'mherbiggestcheerleader．TherewerealsobittersweetThanksgivings．Onewespentinmymom'shospitalroom．Itwastherethatshehelpedmeplanmyweddingbutpassedawaythreeweeksbeforetheceremony，Mydadwalkedmedowntheaisle，andmysisterwasmymaidofhono,Becauseofourbondwewereabletosupporteachotherthroughthatchallengingtimeandthat'swhatfamilyisfor-thegoodandbadtimes．It'snicehavingmydadandsistertoshareholidaysandspecialoccasions．Butthey'reevenmoreimportantwhenitcomestothelittlethingslikehavingsomeonetosharemybaddaywith,celebratemypromotionatwork，orhelpmethinkthroughadifficultdecision．It'sinthesemomentsthatIjustcan'timaginebeingaloneintheworld．I'msogladthatIdidn'tlistentothosepeoplewhosaidIwasunadoptable，I'dneverfindafamily，andthatIwasputtingmyselfoutthereforrejection．It'sariskforolderfosteryouthtoconsideradoption．It'sanopportunitytoberejectedonceagain．Butit'sarisktheyshouldtakebecauselifedoesn'tendat18．It'sreallyjustbeginning．Ifyouknowsomeonewhomightconsideradoptinganolderteen，pleasesharemystory--andhavehimorherthinkofmyfamily．Theydidn'tgettoseemyfirststepsorwatchmebeapilgriminmysecondgradeThanksgivingplay．ButtheytaughtmesomanythingsaboutlifeandweretheretowatchmewalkacrossthestagewhenIgraduatedfromcollegeandlawschoolandaccompaniedmetotheWhiteHouselastyearasIwashonoredformyworkhelpingfosteryouth．IlookforwardtomanymoreThanksgivingswithmyfamilyandI'meternallythankfultheychosemetobeapartoftheirfamily．20．Whatdoestheauthor'spersonalexperienceindicate？A．It'sratherdifficultforolderyouthtobeadopted．B．Olderyouthbringlessjoythanbabies．C．It'sboringhavingabittersweetThanksgiving．D．Anolderyouthaged18istoooldtoneedafamily．21．Whatcontributestotheauthor'sfeelingthatshecan'timaginebeingaloneintheworld？A．Thefamily'sgivingtheauthoraMickeyMouseasagift．B．Theauthor'sspendingherThanksgivingwithherextendedfamilyfor17years．C．Themother'sfailingtoattendtheauthor'sweddingceremonyforherseveredisease．D．Thefamily'salwayssharinghappinessandsorrowwithher．22．Theunderlinedsentence"It'sanopportunitytoberejectedonceagain．"inParagraph8meansthat___．A．olderteenstaketheopportunitytobeadoptedB．olderteensarelesslikelytobeadoptedC．olderteenscreatetheopportunitytobeadoptedD．olderteensareindangerofbeingadopted23．What'stheauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthepassage？A．Toexpressherappreciationforherfamily．B．Toshowsympathytotheunadoptableolderyouth．C．Toappealtomorepeopletoadopttheolderyouth．D．Topersuadethereadersnottobelieveothers’words.【答案】20．A21．D22．B23．C【分析】本文屬于說明文閱讀，作者通過這篇文章主要向我們描述了大齡兒童被領(lǐng)養(yǎng)是很困難的，但他們也須要愛和歸屬感，呼吁更多的人收養(yǎng)大齡兒童?！驹斀狻?.推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“WhenIwas16yearsold