2022年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)詳解-課件

句子結(jié)構(gòu)?*主干主語動作發(fā)出者

I

eat

bananas.謂語表示主語的狀態(tài)動作Ieatbananas.賓語動作的對象

Ieatbananas.表語主語的品質(zhì)Thebanana

is

yellow你需要搭建的框架修飾定語I

eat

the

yellow

bananas.狀語表示動作發(fā)生時間、地點、原因、目的、

結(jié)果、方式的狀態(tài)動作I

eat

bananas

quickly.補足語賓語補足語Itoldhimtoeatbananas.同位語句子某一成分進(jìn)一步解釋I

liketoeatbananas,

akindoftropicalfruit.你需要搭建的框架獨立成分——感嘆詞、插入語、稱呼詞5大基

本結(jié)構(gòu)主+謂She

cries.主+謂+賓She

writes

a

book.主+系+表I

am

happy.主+謂+雙賓I

buy

you

abook.主+謂+賓+賓補you

make

me

happy.你需要搭建的框架補足語這種句型中的“賓語＋補語”統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語”。賓語補足語的主要作用或者是補充、說明賓語的特點、身份等；或者表示讓賓語去完成的

動作等。擔(dān)任補語的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、

介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：1)You

should

keep

the

room

clean

and

tidy

.你

應(yīng)該讓屋子保持干凈整潔。(形容詞)2)We

made

him

our

monitor.(名詞)我們選他當(dāng)班

長。修飾的補足語VS定語3)His

father

told

him

not

to

play

in

the

street

.(不

定式)他父親告訴他不要在街上玩。4)My

father

likes

to

watch

the

boys

playingbasketball.(現(xiàn)在分詞)5)Y

esterday

I

had

a

picture

taken

with

twoAmericans.(過去分詞)在英語中有些及物動詞,接了賓語意義仍不完整,還需要有其他的句子成分,來補充說明賓語的意義、狀態(tài)

等,稱為賓語補足語,簡稱賓補.一般情況下,賓補通常緊跟在賓語之后.常見的動詞有:tell,ask,advise,help,want

,wouldlike,order,force,allow等。注意：動詞have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,

watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to

。如：1)The

boss

made

him

do

the

work

all

day.老板讓他整天做那項工作。2)I

heard

her

sing

in

the

nextroomallthetimelastnight.昨天晚上我聽見她在隔壁唱了一個晚上。而定語用來限定、修飾名詞或代詞的,定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子

,漢語中常用‘……的’表示,定語基本上是作形容詞用,主要用形容詞來充當(dāng),此外,名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、副詞、介

詞短語以及動詞不定式(短語)、分詞和定語從句等都可用作定語。不定式作定語：The

boy

to

write

this

letter

needs

a

pen.寫這封信的男孩需要一支鋼筆.There

is

nothing

to

do

today.今天沒有事要做.分詞

(短語)

作定語：The

smiling

boy

needs

a

pen

bought

by

his

mother.

那個微笑的男孩需要一支他媽媽買的鋼筆.There

are

five

boys

left./五個留下的男孩.介詞短語作定語：The

boy

in

the

classroom

needs

a

pen

of

yours./教

室里的男孩需要你的一支鋼筆.The

boy

in

blue

is

Tom./穿藍(lán)色衣服的孩子是湯姆.后置定語指的是將修飾名詞的定語后置，而賓語補足語是指某

些及物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。而復(fù)合賓語的第一部分通常由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，第二部分表示第一部分的名詞或代詞發(fā)出的動作或身份、特征等，稱為賓語補足語。打個比方來說，people

sitting

on

the

bed

中的sitting

on

the

bed就是在修飾people，來說明people的狀態(tài)，即后置定語。而賓語補足語則可以說是，make

him

monitor中的monitor則是在補充說明him的身份，即補充賓語。簡單的說，賓語補足語的前面是有賓語，還有一個可以接賓語的動詞的。而后置定語則不會。根據(jù)上面的分析，我們先從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上判斷。1.不定式：we

consider

him

to

be

a

goodteacher.to+be+名詞heproved

that

theory

to

be

very

important.to+be+形容詞這兩個例子是不定式做賓補。Ihavealot

of

work

to

do

today.to+do(動詞)itis

time

to

get

up.to+動詞這兩個句子是不定式做定語。由此可以知道，如果不定式后面跟實意動詞，不定式就是做定語。如果不定式后面跟的是系動詞be,就是做賓補。2.介詞短語he

girl

in

the

red

hat

is

my

sister.介詞短語修飾主語China

is

a

great

country

with

a

long

history.介詞短語修飾表語。這兩例是介詞短語做定語注意：介詞短語前面根本沒有出現(xiàn)實意動詞！make

yourself

at

home.介詞短語跟在一個實意動詞后面，這句話是介詞短語做賓補！(由此可知，出現(xiàn)介詞短語，前面有實意動詞就是賓補，沒有就是

定語

。

)3.形容詞wash

your

hands

clean.形容詞做賓補canyouseeanythingunusual?形容詞做定語。4.現(xiàn)在分詞I

heard

John

singing.現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補

。注意句子中的動詞是hearDo

you

know

the

boy

riding

the

bike?(賓補和后置定語的區(qū)別，簡單來說，就是看謂語動詞是不是和需要判斷的成分有關(guān)聯(lián)。)1.I

heard

that

you

were

elected__this

time.A.monitor

B.the

monitor

C.a

monitor

D.

mymonitor2.I

was

fortunate

to

pick

up

a

wallet__on

the

ground

on

the

wayback

home,but

unfortunately

for

me,I

found

my

color

TV

set__when

I

got

home.A.lying;stolen

B.laying;

stealingC.lay;stolen

D.lying;

stealing3.Laws

that

punish

parents

for

their

little

children’s

actions

againstthe

laws

get

parents___.A.worried

B.to

worry

C

worrying

Dworry4.M

rs.B

rown

was

much

disappointed

to

see

the

washingmachine

she

had

had_____went

wrong

again.A.it

B

it

repaired

C

repaired

Dtoberepaired你來試試~

~5.Prices

of

daily

goods__through

a

computer

can

be

lower

thanstore

prices.A.are

bought

B

bought

C

been

bought

Dbuying6.The

flowers___sweet

in

the

botanic

garden

attract

the

vistorsto

the

beauty

of

nature.A.to

smell

B.smelling

C.smell

D.to

be

smelt7.Look

at

his___look.It

seems

as

if

he

had

met

a___tiger.A.frightened;frightening

B.frightening;

frightenedC.frightened;frightened

D.frightening;

frightening8.The

book

on

the

desk

to

her.A.lying;belinging

B.lay;

belongC

lying;belongs

Dbelinglie你來試試~

~___

__做完再對答案哦~~1.I

heard

that

you

were

elected__this

time.A.monitor

B.the

monitor

C.a

monitor

D.

mymonitor2.I

was

fortunate

to

pick

up

a

wallet__on

the

ground

on

the

wayback

home,but

unfortunately

for

me,I

found

my

color

TV

set__when

I

got

home.A.lying;stolen

B.laying;

stealingC.lay;stolen

D.lying;

stealing3.Laws

that

punish

parents

for

their

little

children’s

actions

againstthe

laws

get

parents___.A.worried

B.to

worry

C

worrying

Dworry4.M

rs.B

rown

was

much

disappointed

to

see

the

washingmachine

she

had

had_____went

wrong

again.A.it

B

it

repaired

C

repaired

Dtoberepaired你來試試~

~5.Prices

of

daily

goods__through

a

computer

can

be

lower

thanstore

prices.A.are

bought

B

bought

C

been

bought

Dbuying6.The

flowers___sweet

in

the

botanic

garden

attract

the

vistorsto

the

beauty

of

nature.A.to

smell

B.smelling

C.smell

D.to

be

smelt7.Look

at

his___look.It

seems

as

if

he

had

met

a___tiger.A.frightened;frightening

B.frightening;

frightenedC.frightened;frightened

D.frightening;

frightening8.The

book

on

the

desk

to

her.A.lying;belinging

B.lay;

belongC

lying;belongs

Dbelinglie你來試試~

~___

__pick

up

a

wallet

lying

on

the

ground.[賓補]I

found

my

color

TV

set

stolen

.[賓補]The

book

lying

on

the

desk

belongs

to

her.

[后置定語]你分清楚了嗎~~句子種類兩種分類句子種類兩種分類法按句子的用途可分四種：1)陳述句(肯定、否定)：He

is

six

years

old.2)疑問句(一般、特殊、選擇、反意)：Do

they

like

skating?How

old

is

he?Mary

can

swim,can’t

she?3)祈使句：Becareful,boys.Don’t

talk

in

class4)感嘆句：Howclever

the

boy

is!按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種：1)

簡單句2)

并列句3)

復(fù)合句

1)

簡單句：

只有一個主語

(或并列主語)

和一個謂語

(或并列謂語)

。

e

.

g

.

H

e

often

reads

E

nglish

i

n

themorning.

Tom

and

Mike

are

American

boys.

S

he

likes

drawing

and

often

drawspicturesforthewall

newspapers.

我們可以給句子的動詞加上副詞修飾，

給名詞加

上形容詞

、

介詞短語修飾，

給句子加上狀語進(jìn)行

修飾，

以使整個句子的意思變得更加的豐富和充

實

。

但不管如何變，

都只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。

He

worked

hard

all

his

life.

He

is

a

school

student

in

No.1Middle

School.

2)并列句：

句型：簡單句+并列連詞+簡單句

并列句是由兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連接而成。

并列句中的各簡單句意義同等重要，相互之間沒有從屬關(guān)系，是平行并列的關(guān)系。它們之間用連

詞連結(jié)。

e.g.You

help

him

and

he

helps

you.

Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.并列句的分類

1表示連接兩個同等概念，常用and,

notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。

e.g.T

he

teacher’s

name

is

S

mith,andthestudent’s

name

is

John.

2表示選擇，常用的連詞有or,either…or…,otherwise等。e.g.Hurry

up,or

you’ll

miss

the

train.

3表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用的連詞有but,yet,while等。

e.g.He

was

a

little

man

with

thick

glasses,

buthe

had

a

strange

way

of

making

his

classeslively

and

interesting.

4表示因果關(guān)系，常用的連詞有so,for等。

e.g.A

ugust

is

the

time

of

the

year

for

riceharvest,so

every

day

I

work

from

dawn

untildark.3)復(fù)合句：含有一個或一個以上從句的句子。從句包括名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句)定語從句和狀語從

句等。句型主句+連詞+從句；或連詞+從句+主句

e.g.The

foreign

visitors

took

a

lot

of

pictureswhen

they

were

at

the

Great

Wall.

復(fù)合句就是含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子。這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，必定有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)是句子的主句部分，而另一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)則是句子的次要部分，即從句部分。

Where

there

is

a

will,there

is

a

way.

有志者，事竟成。

WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.簡單句

TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

復(fù)合句

Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?簡單句He

is

in

Class

One

and

I

am

in

Class

Two.并列句Hewasfondofdrawing

when

he

was

yet

achild.

復(fù)合句My

brother

and

I

go

to

school

at

half

pastseven

in

the

morning

and

come

backhome

at

seven

in

the

evening.簡單句句子成分和句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單句的五個基本句型

主語＋不及物動詞She

came.

主語＋及物動詞＋賓語She

likes

English.

主語＋系動詞＋表語She

is

happy．

主語＋動詞＋間接賓語＋直接賓語She

gave

John

a

book．She

bought

a

book

for

me.

主語＋動詞＋賓語＋賓語補語She

makes

her

mother

angry．

The

teacher

asked

me

to

read

the

passage.

(There+be

There

is

a

book

on

the

desk.)句子成分意義充當(dāng)詞類例句主語表示句子說的是什么人或什么

事名，

代，

數(shù)，

不定

式，

動名詞，

短語或

句子We

study

in

HuangQiao

MiddleSchool.謂語說明主語做什么，

是什么或怎

么樣動詞或動詞詞組She

is

dancing

under

the

tree.賓語表示動作行為的對象同主語Both

of

us

like

English.表語與聯(lián)系動詞連用，

一起構(gòu)成謂

語，

說明主語的性質(zhì)或特征同主語Her

father

is

a

chemist.

His

words

sound

reasonable.定語用來修飾名詞或代詞形，

代，

數(shù)，

名,

副，

介詞短語或句子We

have

eight

lessons

every

day.狀語修飾動詞，

形容詞，

副詞，

表

示動作發(fā)生的時間，

地點，

原

因，

目的，

方式，

結(jié)果等副詞，

介詞短語或句

子He

works

very

hard.They

held

a

party

in

Hollywood.賓語

補足語邏輯上與賓語是主謂關(guān)系形容詞，

名詞，

介詞

短語等She

always

keeps

the

house

clean.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，

賓表定狀補輔助

。

賓主來自名代數(shù)，

動詞作謂不可無！1.主語

(subject)：句子的中心詞，

說明的人或事物

。

The

sun

rises

in

the

east

(名詞)He

likes

dancing.(代詞) Twenty

years

is

a

short

time

in

history.(數(shù)詞)Seeing

is

believing.(動名詞) To

see

is

to

believe.(不定式) What

he

needs

is

a

book.(主語從句) It

is

very

clear

that

the

elephant

is

round

and

tall

like

a

tree.(It形式主語，主語從句是真正主語)2.謂語

(predicate)

：

是對主語加以陳述，表示主語的行為或狀態(tài)，常用動詞或者動詞詞組擔(dān)任，放在主語的后面。We

study

English.He

is

asleep.(二).選出句中謂語的中心詞①I

don't

like

the

picture

on

the

wall.②The

days

get

longer

and

longer

when

summer

comes.③Do

you

usually

go

to

school

by

bus?A.Do

B.usually

C.go

D.

bus④There

will

be

a

meeting

at

the

library

this

afternoon.A.will

be

B.meeting

C.the

library

D.

afternoon同位語vs定語一個名詞或其它形式，跟在另一個名詞或代詞后并對其進(jìn)行解釋、說明或限定，這個名詞或其它形式就是同位語。注意：同位語與被它說明的先行詞的格要一致，并且前后兩項所指相同，句法功能也相同。同位關(guān)系緊密時不用逗點隔開；同位語只作補充解釋時可用逗點隔開。?Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.?我們的新老師史密斯先生對我們很好。?“Mr.Smith”是主語，“ournewteacher”是同位語，指同一人。?WesdudentsallrespecthimMr.Johnson,ourEnglishteacher.?我們學(xué)生都尊重他，我們的英語老師約翰遜先生。如同位語與其同位成分關(guān)系緊密時不用逗點隔開;如同位語對其同位成分只作補充解釋時可用逗點隔開。HetoldmethathisbrotherJohnisaworld-famousdoctor.___他本人對我講，他的兄長約翰是一位世界聞名的醫(yī)生。brother和John都是單一的字作同位語,與其同位成分之間不用逗點隔開。IYesterdayItalkedtomyEnglishteacher,Mr.James.昨天我與我的英語老師詹姆斯先生談過了。Jr_同位語Mr.James補充解釋myEnglishteacher,同位語與其同位成分之間可用逗點隔開。?:??:??:??:??:??:?Hereadallkindsofbooks,ancientandmodern,Chineseandforeign.他讀過各種各樣的古今中外的書籍。Peoplehere,menandwomen,oldandyoung,supportedtheproject.這兒的男女老少都支持這項工程。Thenwethree,LiMing,WangPingandI,begaintoprepareforthetrip.接著，李明、王平和我三人開始為那次行程做準(zhǔn)備。t定語：修飾名詞和代詞，可以是形容詞、代詞、名詞、分詞、介詞短語或副詞和從句，定語一般用在所修飾詞前，當(dāng)然也存在后置的，如從句，對所修飾詞期限定或修飾作用。同位語：對名詞進(jìn)行解釋，它可以是單詞、短語或從句?我們還沒有接觸到從句的練習(xí)，但是接下來的句子會涉及到從句，可以只看做什么成分就可以。?Next,let'stalkaboutthematterwhowillgototheconference.?下面我們來談?wù)勥@個問題，是誰去開會。（同位語從句）?Next,let'stalkaboutthepersonwhowillgototheconference.?下面我們來談?wù)勅ラ_會的人選。（定語從句）r?定語從句是從句對其先行詞的修飾或限制，屬J于形容詞性從句的范疇;而同位語從句是從句對前面抽象名詞的進(jìn)一步的說明和解釋，屬于名詞性從句的范疇?！?Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegamewastrue.我們隊贏了那場比賽的消息是真的？?（同位語從句，補充說明news到底是一個什么消息）?Thenewsthathetoldmeyesterdaywastrue.昨天他告訴我的那個消息是真的？?（定語從句,news在從句中作told的賓語）?Wearegladatthenewsthathewillcome.聽到他要來這個消息我們很高興。?（news的內(nèi)容就是thathewillcome,故that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句）?:.Wearegladatthenewsthathetoldus.聽到他告訴我們的這個消息我們很高興。?

（that從句是限制thenews的內(nèi)容的，即我們高興只是因為他告訴的這個news而不是其他的news，故that從句為定語從句）j你能區(qū)分嗎??Thenewsthathewillcomebackistrue.（同位語從句）?

Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.?（定語從句）J*同位語從句中從句是被修飾詞的具體內(nèi)容，是它的補充說明。?:?定語從句中從句是起限定作用,不是被修飾詞的具體｛內(nèi)容.兩句中的被修飾的詞都是news,但是第一句中的從句thathewillcomeback是news的具體內(nèi)容（補充說明：消息是他將會回來）；而第二句thathetoldme就不是news的具體內(nèi)容了，而是限定他告訴我的消息.J判斷下列各句是同位語從句還是定語從句J1.

TheyexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.同位語從句2.ThehopethatsheexpressedisthattheywouldcometovisitChinaagain.定語從句3.Thefactthatsheworkshardiswellknowntousall.同位語從句4.Ican'tstandtheterriblenoisethatsheiscryingloudly.I同位語從句

5.賓補：對賓語的補充，全稱為賓語補足語。

We

elected

him

monitor.(名詞)

We

all

think

it

a

pity

that

she

didn’t

come

here.(名詞)

We

will

make

them

happy.(形容詞)

We

found

nobody

in.(副詞)

Please

make

yourself

at

home.(介詞短語)Don’t

let

him

do

that.(省to不定式)

His

father

advised

him

to

teach

the

lazy

boy

a

lesson.

(帶to不定式)

Don’t

keep

the

lights

burning.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

I’ll

have

my

bike

repaired.(過去分詞)

挑出下列句中的賓語補足語

①S

he

likes

the

children

to

read

newspapers

andbooks

in

the

reading-room.

②He

asked

her

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school.

③She

found

it

difficult

to

do

the

work.

④They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

⑤I

saw

Mr.Wang

get

on

the

bus.

⑥D(zhuǎn)

id

you

see

L

i

M

ing

playing

football

on

theplayground

just

now?①

to

read

newspapers

and

books

in

the

reading-room

②

to

take

the

boy

out

of

school③

Lily

④

get

on

the

bus

⑤

playing

football

on

the

playground

劃出句中的直接賓語和間接賓語

①Please

tell

us

astory.

②My

father

bought

a

new

bike

for

me

lastweek.

③Mr.Li

is

going

to

teach

us

historynextterm.

④Here

is

a

pen.Give

it

to

Tom.

⑤Did

he

leave

any

message

for

me?

6.定語：修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或句子。

Yanling

is

a

chemistry

teacher.(名詞)

He

is

our

friend.(代詞)

We

belong

to

the

third

world.(數(shù)詞)

He

was

advised

to

teach

the

lazy

boy

a

lesson.(形容詞)

The

man

over

there

is

my

old

friend.(副詞)

The

woman

with

a

baby

in

her

arms

is

my

sister.(介詞)

The

boys

playing

football

are

in

Class2.(現(xiàn)在分詞)

The

trees

planted

last

year

are

growing

well

now.(過去分詞)

I

have

an

idea

to

do

it

well.(不定式)

You

should

do

everything

that

I

do.(定語從句)7.同位語：對句子中某一成分作進(jìn)一步解釋、說明，與前面的名詞在語法上處于同等地位的句子成分叫

同位語。Mr

Lin,our

headmaster,is

giving

us

a

speech.Beijing,capital

of

China,is

developing

fast.The

engineer

himself

repaired

it

.We

all

got

angry.We

two

will

go

to

see

you

.The

news

that

he

will

come

is

true.

8.狀語：用來修飾v.,adj.,adv.,or

句子。表示時間、地點、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步。(以下例句按上述順序排列)

I

will

go

there

tomorrow.

The

meeting

will

be

held

in

the

meeting

room.